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7,753 results on '"Hoffman, J."'

1. Search for non-virialized axions with 3.3-4.2 $\mu$eV mass at selected resolving powers

Author

Hipp, A. T., Quiskamp, A., Caligiure, T. J., Gleason, J. R., Han, Y., Jois, S., Sikivie, P., Solano, M. E., Sullivan, N. S., Tanner, D. B., Goryachev, M., Hartman, E., Tobar, M. E., McAllister, B. T., Duffy, L. D., Braine, T., Burns, E., Cervantes, R., Crisosto, N., Goodman, C., Guzzetti, M., Hanretty, C., Lee, S., Korandla, H., Leum, G., Mohapatra, P., Nitta, T., Rosenberg, L. J, Rybka, G., Sinnis, J., Zhang, D., Bartram, C., Dyson, T. A., Kuo, C. L., Ruppert, S., Withers, M. O., Awida, M. H., Bowring, D., Chou, A. S., Hollister, M., Knirck, S., Sonnenschein, A., Wester, W., Brodsky, J., Carosi, G., Du, N., Roberston, N., Woollett, N., Boutan, C., Jones, A. M., LaRoque, B. H., Lentz, E., Man, N. E., Oblath, N. S., Taubman, M. S., Yang, J., Khatiwada, R., Clarke, John, Siddiqi, I., Agrawal, A., Dixit, A. V., Daw, E. J., Perry, M. G., Buckley, J. H., Gaikwad, C., Hoffman, J., Murch, K. W., and Russell, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The Axion Dark Matter eXperiment is sensitive to narrow axion flows, given axions compose a fraction of the dark matter with a non-negligible local density. Detecting these low-velocity dispersion flows requires a high spectral resolution and careful attention to the expected signal modulation due to Earth's motion. We report an exclusion on the local axion dark matter density in narrow flows of $\rho_a \gtrsim 0.03\,\mathrm{GeV/cm^3}$ and $\rho_a \gtrsim 0.004\,\mathrm{GeV/cm^3}$ for Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitski and Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov axion-photon couplings, respectively, over the mass range $3.3-4.2\,\mu\text{eV}$. Measurements were made at selected resolving powers to allow for a range of possible velocity dispersions., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures

Published
2024

2. Axion Dark Matter eXperiment around 3.3 {\mu}eV with Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky Discovery Ability

Author

Bartram, C., Boutan, C., Braine, T., Buckley, J. H., Caligiure, T. J., Carosi, G., Chou, A. S., Cisneros, C., Clarke, John, Daw, E. J., Du, N., Duffy, L. D., Dyson, T. A., Gaikwad, C., Gleason, J. R., Goodman, C., Goryachev, M., Guzzetti, M., Hanretty, C., Hartman, E., Hipp, A. T., Hoffman, J., Hollister, M., Khatiwada, R., Knirck, S., Kuo, C. L., Lentz, E., McAllister, B. T., Mostyn, C., Murch, K., Oblath, N. S., Perry, M. G., Quiskamp, A., Robertson, N., Rosenberg, L. J, Ruppert, S., Rybka, G., Siddiqi, I., Sikivie, P., Sinnis, J., Solano, M. E., Sonnenschein, A., Sullivan, N. S., Tanner, D. B., Taubman, M. S., Tobar, M. E., Withers, M. O., Woollett, N., and Zhang, D.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We report the results of a QCD axion dark matter search with discovery ability for Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky (DFSZ) axions using an axion haloscope. Sub-Kelvin noise temperatures are reached with an ultra low-noise Josephson parametric amplifier cooled by a dilution refrigerator. This work excludes (with a 90% confidence level) DFSZ axions with masses between 3.27 to 3.34 {\mu}eV, assuming a standard halo model with a local energy density of 0.45 GeV/cc made up 100% of axions.

Published
2024

4. Axion Dark Matter eXperiment: Run 1A Analysis Details

Author

Boutan, C., LaRoque, B. H., Lentz, E., Oblath, N. S., Taubman, M. S., Tedeschi, J., Yang, J., Jones, A. M., Braine, T., Crisosto, N., Rosenberg, L. J, Rybka, G., Will, D., Zhang, D., Kimes, S., Ottens, R., Bartram, C., Bowring, D., Cervantes, R., Chou, A. S., Knirck, S., Mitchell, D. V., Sonnenschein, A., Wester, W., Khatiwada, R., Carosi, G., Du, N., Durham, S., O'Kelley, S. R., Woollett, N., Duffy, L. D., Bradley, R., Clarke, J., Siddiqi, I., Agrawal, A., Dixit, A. V., Gleason, J. R., Hipp, A. T., Jois, S., Sikivie, P., Sullivan, N. S., Tanner, D. B., Buckley, J. H., Gaikwad, C., Henriksen, E. A., Hoffman, J., Murch, K. W., Harrington, P. M., Daw, E. J., Perry, M. G., and Hilton, G. C.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The ADMX collaboration gathered data for its Run 1A axion dark matter search from January to June 2017, scanning with an axion haloscope over the frequency range 645-680 MHz (2.66-2.81 ueV in axion mass) at DFSZ sensitivity. The resulting axion search found no axion-like signals comprising all the dark matter in the form of a virialized galactic halo over the entire frequency range, implying lower bound exclusion limits at or below DFSZ coupling at the 90% confidence level. This paper presents expanded details of the axion search analysis of Run 1A, including review of relevant experimental systems, data-taking operations, preparation and interpretation of raw data, axion search methodology, candidate handling, and final axion limits., Comment: 27 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in PRD

Published
2023

5. Non-Virialized Axion Search Sensitive to Doppler Effects in the Milky Way Halo

Author

Bartram, C., Braine, T., Cervantes, R., Crisosto, N., Du, N., Goodman, C., Guzzetti, M., Hanretty, C., Lee, S., Leum, G., Rosenberg, L. J., Rybka, G., Sinnis, J., Zhang, D., Awida, M. H., Bowring, D., Chou, A. S., Hollister, M., Knirck, S., Sonnenschein, A., Wester, W., Khatiwada, R., Brodsky, J., Carosi, G., Duffy, L. D., Goryachev, M., McAllister, B., Quiskamp, A., Thomson, C., Tobar, M. E., Boutan, C., Jones, M., LaRoque, B. H., Lentz, E., Man, N. E., Oblath, N. S., Taubman, M. S., Yang, J., Clarke, John, Siddiqi, I., Agrawal, A., Dixit, A. V., Gleason, J. R., Han, Y., Hipp, A. T., Jois, S., Sikivie, P., Sullivan, N. S., Tanner, D. B., Daw, E. J., Perry, M. G., Buckley, J. H., Gaikwad, C., Hoffman, J., Murch, K. W., and Russell, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX) has previously excluded Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnisky (DFSZ) axions between 680-790 MHz under the assumption that the dark matter is described by the isothermal halo model. However, the precise nature of the velocity distribution of dark matter is still unknown, and alternative models have been proposed. We report the results of a non-virialized axion search over the mass range 2.81-3.31 {\mu}eV, corresponding to the frequency range 680-800 MHz. This analysis marks the most sensitive search for non-virialized axions sensitive to Doppler effects in the Milky Way Halo to date. Accounting for frequency shifts due to the detector's motion through the Galaxy, we exclude cold flow relic axions with a velocity dispersion of order 10^-7 c with 95% confidence.

Published
2023

6. Search for a Dark-Matter-Induced Cosmic Axion Background with ADMX

Author

Nitta, T, Braine, T, Du, N, Guzzetti, M, Hanretty, C, Leum, G, Rosenberg, LJ, Rybka, G, Sinnis, J, Clarke, John, Siddiqi, I, Awida, MH, Chou, AS, Hollister, M, Knirck, S, Sonnenschein, A, Wester, W, Gleason, JR, Hipp, AT, Sikivie, P, Sullivan, NS, Tanner, DB, Khatiwada, R, Carosi, G, Robertson, N, Duffy, LD, Boutan, C, Lentz, E, Oblath, NS, Taubman, MS, Yang, J, Daw, EJ, Perry, MG, Bartram, C, Buckley, JH, Gaikwad, C, Hoffman, J, Murch, KW, Goryachev, M, Hartman, E, McAllister, BT, Quiskamp, A, Thomson, C, Tobar, ME, Dror, JA, Murayama, H, and Rodd, NL

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Quantum Physics, Physical Sciences, ADMX Collaboration, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract

We report the first result of a direct search for a cosmic axion background (CaB)-a relativistic background of axions that is not dark matter-performed with the axion haloscope, the Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX). Conventional haloscope analyses search for a signal with a narrow bandwidth, as predicted for dark matter, whereas the CaB will be broad. We introduce a novel analysis strategy, which searches for a CaB induced daily modulation in the power measured by the haloscope. Using this, we repurpose data collected to search for dark matter to set a limit on the axion photon coupling of a CaB originating from dark matter cascade decay via a mediator in the 800-995 MHz frequency range. We find that the present sensitivity is limited by fluctuations in the cavity readout as the instrument scans across dark matter masses. Nevertheless, we suggest that these challenges can be surmounted using superconducting qubits as single photon counters, and allow ADMX to operate as a telescope searching for axions emerging from the decay of dark matter. The daily modulation analysis technique we introduce can be deployed for various broadband rf signals, such as other forms of a CaB or even high-frequency gravitational waves.

Published
2023

8. Search for a dark-matter induced Cosmic Axion Background with ADMX

Author

ADMX Collaboration, Nitta, T., Braine, T., Du, N., Guzzetti, M., Hanretty, C., Leum, G., Rosenberg, L. J, Rybka, G., Sinnis, J., Clarke, John, Siddiqi, I., Awida, M. H., Chou, A. S., Hollister, M., Knirck, S., Sonnenschein, A., Wester, W., Gleason, J. R., Hipp, A. T., Sikivie, P., Sullivan, N. S., Tanner, D. B., Khatiwada, R., Carosi, G., Robertson, N., Duffy, L. D., Boutan, C., Lentz, E., Oblath, N. S., Taubman, M. S., Yang, J., Daw, E. J., Perry, M. G., Bartram, C., Buckley, J. H., Gaikwad, C., Hoffman, J., Murch, K. W., Goryachev, M., Hartman, E., McAllister, B. T., Quiskamp, A., Thomson, C., Tobar, M. E., Dror, J. A., Murayama, H., and Rodd, N. L.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We report the first result of a direct search for a Cosmic ${\it axion}$ Background (C$a$B) - a relativistic background of axions that is not dark matter - performed with the axion haloscope, the Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX). Conventional haloscope analyses search for a signal with a narrow bandwidth, as predicted for dark matter, whereas the C$a$B will be broad. We introduce a novel analysis strategy, which searches for a C$a$B induced daily modulation in the power measured by the haloscope. Using this, we repurpose data collected to search for dark matter to set a limit on the axion photon coupling of a C$a$B originating from dark matter cascade decay via a mediator in the 800-995 MHz frequency range. We find that the present sensitivity is limited by fluctuations in the cavity readout as the instrument scans across dark matter masses. Nevertheless, we suggest that these challenges can be surmounted using superconducting qubits as single photon counters, and allow ADMX to operate as a telescope searching for axions emerging from the decay of dark matter. The daily modulation analysis technique we introduce can be deployed for various broadband RF signals, such as other forms of a C$a$B or even high-frequency gravitational waves., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023
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9. Low Frequency (100-600 MHz) Searches with Axion Cavity Haloscopes

Author

Chakrabarty, S., Gleason, J. R., Han, Y., Hipp, A. T., Solano, M., Sikivie, P., Sullivan, N. S., Tanner, D. B., Goryachev, M., Hartman, E., McAllister, B. T., Quiskamp, A., Thomson, C., Tobar, M. E., Awida, M. H., Chou, A. S., Hollister, M., Knirck, S., Sonnenschein, A., Wester, W., Braine, T., Guzzetti, M., Hanretty, C., Leum, G., Rosenberg, L. J, Rybka, G., Sinnis, J., Clarke, John, Siddiqi, I., Khatiwada, R., Carosi, G., Du, N., Robertson, N., Duffy, L. D., Boutan, C., Oblath, N. S., Taubman, M. S., Yang, J., Lentz, E., Daw, E. J., Perry, M. G., Bartram, C., Buckley, J. H., Gaikwad, C., Hoffman, J., Murch, K. W., and Nitta, T.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We investigate reentrant and dielectric loaded cavities for the purpose of extending the range of axion cavity haloscopes to lower masses, below the range where the Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX) has already searched. Reentrant and dielectric loaded cavities were simulated numerically to calculate and optimize their form factors and quality factors. A prototype reentrant cavity was built and its measured properties were compared with the simulations. We estimate the sensitivity of axion dark matter searches using reentrant and dielectric loaded cavities inserted in the existing ADMX magnet at the University of Washington and a large magnet being installed at Fermilab., Comment: 33 pages, 24 figures

Published
2023

10. Ultraviolet Spectropolarimetry: on the origin of rapidly rotating B stars

Author

Jones, C. E., Labadie-Bartz, J., Cotton, D. V., Nazé, Y., Peters, G. J., Hillier, D. J., Neiner, C., Richardson, N. D., Hoffman, J. L., Carciofi, A. C., Wisniewski, J. P., Gayley, K. G., Suffak, M. W., Ignace, R., and Scowen, P. A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

UV spectroscopy and spectropolarimetry hold the key to understanding certain aspects of massive stars that are largely inaccessible with optical or longer wavelength observations. This is especially true for the rapidly-rotating Be and Bn stars, owing to their high temperatures, geometric asymmetries, binary properties, and evolutionary history. UV spectropolarimetric observations are extremely sensitive to the photospheric consequences of rapid rotation (i.e. oblateness, temperature, and surface gravity gradients). Our polarized radiative-transfer modelling predicts that with low-resolution UV spectropolarimetry covering 120 -- 300 nm the inclination angle of a rapid rotator can be determined to within 5 degrees, and the rotation rate to within 1%. The origin of rapid rotation in Be/n stars can be explained by either single-star or binary evolution, but their relative importance is largely unknown. Some Be stars have hot sub-luminous (sdO) companions, which at an earlier phase transferred their envelope (and with it mass and angular momentum) to the present-day rapid rotator. Through spectral modelling of a wide range of simulated Be/n+sdO configurations, we demonstrate that high-resolution high-SNR UV spectroscopy can detect an sdO star even when $\sim$1,000 times fainter in the UV than its Be/n star companion. This degree of sensitivity is needed to more fully explore the parameter space of Be/n+sdO binaries, which so far has been limited to about a dozen systems with relatively luminous sdO stars. We suggest that a UV spectropolarimetric survey of Be/n stars is the next step forward in understanding this population. Such a dataset would, when combined with population synthesis models, allow for the determination of the relative importance of the possible evolutionary pathways traversed by these stars, which is also crucial for understanding their future evolution and fate., Comment: 38 pages, 16 figures, 1 table, topical collection in Astrophysics and Space Science: UV Spectropolarimetry for Stellar, Interstellar, and Exoplanetary Astrophysics with Polstar

Published
2021
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11. Dark Matter Axion Search Using a Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier

Author

Bartram, C., Braine, T., Cervantes, R., Crisosto, N., Du, N., Leum, G., Mohapatra, P., Nitta, T., Rosenberg, L. J, Rybka, G., Yang, J., Clarke, John, Siddiqi, I., Agrawal, A., Dixit, A. V., Awida, M. H., Chou, A. S., Hollister, M., Knirck, S., Sonnenschein, A., Wester, W., Gleason, J. R., Hipp, A. T., Jois, S., Sikivie, P., Sullivan, N. S., Tanner, D. B., Hoof, S., Lentz, E., Khatiwada, R., Carosi, G., Cisneros, C., Robertson, N., Woollett, N., Duffy, L. D., Boutan, C., Jones, M., LaRoque, B. H., Oblath, N. S., Taubman, M. S., Daw, E. J., Perry, M. G., Buckley, J. H., Gaikwad, C., Hoffman, J., Murch, K., Goryachev, M., McAllister, B. T., Quiskamp, A., Thomson, C., and Tobar, M. E.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a new exclusion bound of axion-like particle dark matter with axion-photon couplings above $\mathrm{10^{-13}}$ $\mathrm{GeV^{-1}}$ over the frequency range 4796.7--4799.5 MHz, corresponding to a narrow range of axion masses centered around 19.84 $\mu$eV. This measurement represents the first implementation of a Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier (JTWPA) in a dark matter search. The JTWPA was operated in the insert of the Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX) as part of an independent receiver chain that was attached to a 0.588-liter cavity. The ability of the JTWPA to deliver high gain over a wide (3 GHz) bandwidth has engendered interest from those aiming to perform broadband axion searches, a longstanding goal in this field.

Published
2021
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12. Search for 'Invisible' Axion Dark Matter in the $3.3\text{-}4.2~{\mu}$eV Mass Range

Author

ADMX Collaboration, Bartram, C., Braine, T., Burns, E., Cervantes, R., Crisosto, N., Du, N., Korandla, H., Leum, G., Mohapatra, P., Nitta, T., Rosenberg, L. J, Rybka, G., Yang, J., Clarke, John, Siddiqi, I., Agrawal, A., Dixit, A. V., Awida, M. H., Chou, A. S., Hollister, M., Knirck, S., Sonnenschein, A., Wester, W., Gleason, J. R., Hipp, A. T., Jois, S., Sikivie, P., Sullivan, N. S., Tanner, D. B., Lentz, E., Khatiwada, R., Carosi, G., Robertson, N., Woollett, N., Duffy, L. D., Boutan, C., Jones, M., LaRoque, B. H., Oblath, N. S., Taubman, M. S., Daw, E. J., Perry, M. G., Buckley, J. H., Gaikwad, C., Hoffman, J., Murch, K. W., Goryachev, M., McAllister, B. T., Quiskamp, A., Thomson, C., and Tobar, M. E.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We report the results from a haloscope search for axion dark matter in the $3.3\text{-}4.2~{\mu}$eV mass range. This search excludes the axion-photon coupling predicted by one of the benchmark models of "invisible" axion dark matter, the KSVZ model. This sensitivity is achieved using a large-volume cavity, a superconducting magnet, an ultra low noise Josephson parametric amplifier, and sub-Kelvin temperatures. The validity of our detection procedure is ensured by injecting and detecting blind synthetic axion signals., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures

Published
2021
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13. Multi-omics for studying and understanding polar life

Author

Clark, M. S., Hoffman, J. I., Peck, L. S., Bargelloni, L., Gande, D., Havermans, C., Meyer, B., Patarnello, T., Phillips, T., Stoof-Leichsenring, K. R., Vendrami, D. L. J., Beck, A., Collins, G., Friedrich, M. W., Halanych, K. M., Masello, J. F., Nagel, R., Norén, K., Printzen, C., Ruiz, M. B., Wohlrab, S., Becker, B., Dumack, K., Ghaderiardakani, F., Glaser, K., Heesch, S., Held, C., John, U., Karsten, U., Kempf, S., Lucassen, M., Paijmans, A., Schimani, K., Wallberg, A., Wunder, L. C., and Mock, T.

Published
2023
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15. Transformations of Hypergeometric Motives

Author

Hoffman, J. William and Tu, Fang-Ting

Subjects
Mathematics - Number Theory
Abstract

We consider algebraic transformations of hypergeometric functions from a geometric point of view. Hypergeometric functions are shown to arise from the deRham realization of a hypergeometric motive. The $\ell$-adic realization of the motive gives rise to hypergeometric characters sums over finite fields. This helps to unify and explain some recent results about transformations of hypergeometric character sums.

Published
2020

16. Gamma Ray Flashes Produced by Lightning Observed at Ground Level by TETRA-II

Author

Pleshinger, D. J., Alnussirat, S. T., Arias, J., Bai, S., Banadaki, Y., Cherry, M. L., Hoffman, J. H., Khosravi, E., Legault, M. D., Rodriguez, R., Smith, D., del Toro, E., Trepanier, J. C., and Sunda-Meya, A.

Subjects
Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

In its first 2 years of operation, the ground-based Terrestrial gamma ray flash and Energetic Thunderstorm Rooftop Array(TETRA)-II array of gamma ray detectors has recorded 22 bursts of gamma rays of millisecond-scale duration associated with lightning. In this study, we present the TETRA-II observations detected at the three TETRA-II ground-level sites in Louisiana, Puerto Rico, and Panama together with the simultaneous radio frequency signals from the VAISALA Global Lightning Data set, VAISALA National Lightning Detection Network, Earth Networks Total Lightning Network, and World Wide Lightning Location Network. The relative timing between the gamma ray events and the lightning activity is a key parameter for understanding the production mechanism(s) of the bursts. The gamma ray time profiles and their correlation with radio sferics suggest that the gamma ray events are initiated by lightning leader activity and are produced near the last stage of lightning leader channel development prior to the lightning return stroke., Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures

Published
2020
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19. Emergent c-axis magnetic helix in manganite-nickelate superlattices

Author

Fabbris, G., Jaouen, N., Meyers, D., Feng, J., Hoffman, J. D., Sutarto, R., Chiuzbaian, S. G., Bhattacharya, A., and Dean, M. P. M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

The nature of the magnetic order in (La2/3Sr1/3MnO3)9/(LaNiO3)3 superlattices is investigated using x-ray resonant magnetic reflectometry. We observe a new c-axis magnetic helix state in the (LaNiO3)3 layers that had never been reported in nickelates, and which mediates the ~130deg magnetic coupling between the ferromagnetic (La2/3Sr1/3MnO3)9 layers, illustrating the power of x-rays for discovering the magnetic state of complex oxide interfaces. Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering and x-ray absorption spectroscopy show that Ni-O ligand hole states from bulk LaNiO3 are mostly filled due to interfacial electron transfer from Mn, driving the Ni orbitals closer to an atomic-like 3d8 configuration. We discuss the constraints imposed by this electronic configuration to the microscopic origin of the observed magnetic structure. The presence of a magnetic helix in (La2/3Sr1/3MnO3)9/(LaNiO3)3 is crucial for modeling the potential spintronic functionality of this system and may be important for designing emergent magnetism in novel devices in general., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures

Published
2018
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22. In situ recording of Mars soundscape

Author

Maurice, S., Chide, B., Murdoch, N., Lorenz, R. D., Mimoun, D., Wiens, R. C., Stott, A., Jacob, X., Bertrand, T., Montmessin, F., Lanza, N. L., Alvarez-Llamas, C., Angel, S. M., Aung, M., Balaram, J., Beyssac, O., Cousin, A., Delory, G., Forni, O., Fouchet, T., Gasnault, O., Grip, H., Hecht, M., Hoffman, J., Laserna, J., Lasue, J., Maki, J., McClean, J., Meslin, P.-Y., Le Mouélic, S., Munguira, A., Newman, C. E., Rodríguez Manfredi, J. A., Moros, J., Ollila, A., Pilleri, P., Schröder, S., de la Torre Juárez, M., Tzanetos, T., Stack, K. M., Farley, K., and Williford, K.

Published
2022
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30. A Coordinated X-ray and Optical Campaign on the Nearest Massive Eclipsing Binary, Delta Ori Aa: I. Overview of the X-ray Spectrum

Author

Corcoran, M. F., Nichols, J. S., Pablo, H., Shenar, T., Pollock, A. M. T., Waldron, W. L., Moffat, A. F. J., Richardson, N. D., Russell, C. M. P., Hamaguchi, K., Huenemoerder, D. P., Oskinova, L., Hamann, W. -R., Naze, Y., Ignace, R., Evans, N. R., Lomax, J. R., Hoffman, J. L., Gayley, K., Owocki, S. P., Leutenegger, M., Gull, T. R., Hole, K. T., Lauer, J., and Iping, R. C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present an overview of four phase-constrained Chandra HETGS X-ray observations of Delta Ori A. Delta Ori A is actually a triple system which includes the nearest massive eclipsing spectroscopic binary, Delta Ori Aa, the only such object which can be observed with little phase-smearing with the Chandra gratings. Since the fainter star, Delta Ori Aa2, has a much lower X-ray luminosity than the brighter primary, Delta Ori A provides a unique system with which to test the spatial distribution of the X-ray emitting gas around Delta Ori Aa1 via occultation by the photosphere of and wind cavity around the X-ray dark secondary. Here we discuss the X-ray spectrum and X-ray line profiles for the combined observation, having an exposure time of nearly 500 ksec and covering nearly the entire binary orbit. Companion papers discuss the X-ray variability seen in the Chandra spectra, present new space-based photometry and ground-based radial velocities simultaneous with the X-ray data to better constrain the system parameters, and model the effects of X-rays on the optical and UV spectrum. We find that the X-ray emission is dominated by embedded wind shock emission from star Aa1, with little contribution from the tertiary star Ab or the shocked gas produced by the collision of the wind of Aa1 against the surface of Aa2. We find a similar temperature distribution to previous X-ray spectrum analyses. We also show that the line half-widths are about $0.3-0.5\times$ the terminal velocity of the wind of star Aa1. We find a strong anti-correlation between line widths and the line excitation energy, which suggests that longer-wavelength, lower-temperature lines form farther out in the wind. Our analysis also indicates that the ratio of the intensities of the strong and weak lines of \ion{Fe}{17} and \ion{Ne}{10} are inconsistent with model predictions, which may be an effect of resonance scattering, Comment: accepted by ApJ; revised according to ApJ proof

Published
2015
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31. Splitting of ISGMR strength in the light-mass nucleus $^{24}$Mg due to ground-state deformation

Author

Gupta, Y. K., Garg, U., Matta, J. T., Patel, D., Peach, T., Hoffman, J., Yoshida, K., Itoh, M., Fujiwara, M., Hara, K., Hashimoto, H., Nakanishi, K., Yosoi, M., Sakaguchi, H., Terashima, S., Kishi, S., Murakami, T., Uchida, M., Yasuda, Y., Akimune, H., Kawabata, T., and Harakeh, M. N.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

The isoscalar giant monopole resonance (ISGMR) strength distribution in $^{24}$Mg has been determined from background-free inelastic scattering of 386-MeV $\alpha$ particles at extreme forward angles, including 0$^{\circ}$. The ISGMR strength distribution has been observed for the first time to have a two-peak structure in a light-mass nucleus. This splitting of ISGMR strength is explained well by microscopic theory in terms of the prolate deformation of the ground state of $^{24}$Mg., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures; to be published in Phys. Lett. B

Published
2015

32. Spectral weight redistribution in (LaNiO3)n/(LaMnO3)2 superlattices from optical spectroscopy

Author

Di Pietro, P., Hoffman, J., Bhattacharya, A., Lupi, S., and Perucchi, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

We have studied the optical properties of four (LaNiO$_3$)$_n$/(LaMnO$_3$)$_2$ superlattices (SL) ($n$=2, 3, 4, 5) on SrTiO$_3$ substrates. We have measured the reflectivity at temperatures from 20 K to 400 K, and extracted the optical conductivity through a fitting procedure based on a Kramers-Kronig consistent Lorentz-Drude model. With increasing LaNiO$_3$ thickness, the SLs undergo an insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) that is accompanied by the transfer of spectral weight from high to low frequency. The presence of a broad mid-infrared band, however, shows that the optical conductivity of the (LaNiO$_3$)$_n$/(LaMnO$_3$)$_2$ SLs is not a linear combination of the LaMnO$_3$ and LaNiO$_3$ conductivities. Our observations suggest that interfacial charge transfer leads to an IMT due to a change in valence at the Mn and Ni sites., Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett. 5 pages, 5 figures

Published
2015
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33. A coordinated X-ray and Optical Campaign of the Nearest Massive Eclipsing Binary, $\delta$ Orionis Aa: IV. A multiwavelength, non-LTE spectroscopic analysis

Author

Shenar, T., Oskinova, L., Hamann, W. -R., Corcoran, M. F., Moffat, A. F. J., Pablo, H., Richardson, N. D., Waldron, W. L., Huenemoerder, D. P., Apellániz, J. Maíz, Nichols, J. S., Todt, H., Nazé, Y., Hoffman, J. L., Pollock, A. M. T., and Negueruela, I.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Eclipsing systems of massive stars allow one to explore the properties of their components in great detail. We perform a multi-wavelength, non-LTE analysis of the three components of the massive multiple system $\delta$ Ori A, focusing on the fundamental stellar properties, stellar winds, and X-ray characteristics of the system. The primary's distance-independent parameters turn out to be characteristic for its spectral type (O9.5 II), but usage of the ${\rm \it Hipparcos}$ parallax yields surprisingly low values for the mass, radius, and luminosity. Consistent values follow only if $\delta$ Ori lies at about twice the ${\rm \it Hipparcos}$ distance, in the vicinity of the $\sigma$-Orionis cluster. The primary and tertiary dominate the spectrum and leave the secondary only marginally detectable. We estimate the V-band magnitude difference between primary and secondary to be $\Delta V \approx 2.\!\!^{\rm m}8$. The inferred parameters suggest the secondary is an early B-type dwarf ($\approx$ B1 V), while the tertiary is an early B-type subgiant ($\approx$ B0 IV). We find evidence for rapid turbulent velocities ($\sim 200$ km ${\rm s}^{-1}$) and wind inhomogeneities, partially optically thick, in the primary's wind. The bulk of the X-ray emission likely emerges from the primary's stellar wind ($\log L_{\text{X}} / L_{\text{Bol}} \approx -6.85$), initiating close to the stellar surface at $R_0 \sim 1.1\,R_*$. Accounting for clumping, the mass-loss rate of the primary is found to be $\log \dot{M} \approx -6.4\,[M_\odot\,{\rm yr}^{-1}]$, which agrees with hydrodynamic predictions, and provides a consistent picture along the X-ray, UV, optical and radio spectral domains., Comment: Accepted for Publication in APJ, 21 pages, 16 figures and 2 tables

Published
2015
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34. Inhomogeneous broadening of optical transitions of 87Rb atoms in an optical nanofiber trap

Author

Lee, J., Grover, J. A., Hoffman, J. E., Orozco, L. A., and Rolston, S. L.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, Physics - Optics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate optical trapping of 87Rb atoms using a two-color evanescent field around an optical nanofiber. In our trapping geometry, a blue-detuned traveling wave whose polarization is nearly parallel to the polarization of a red-detuned standing wave produces significant vector light shifts that lead to broadening of the absorption profile of a near-resonant beam at the trapping site. A model that includes scalar, vector, and tensor light shifts of the probe transition $5S_{1/2}$-$5P_{3/2}$ from the trapping beams, weighted by the temperature-dependent position of the atoms in the trap, qualitatively describes the observed asymmetric profile and explains differences with previous experiments that used Cs atoms. The model provides a consistent way to extract the number of atoms in the trap., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2014
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38. Low frequency, 100–600 MHz, searches with axion cavity haloscopes

Author

Chakrabarty, S., primary, Gleason, J. R., additional, Han, Y., additional, Hipp, A. T., additional, Solano, M., additional, Sikivie, P., additional, Sullivan, N. S., additional, Tanner, D. B., additional, Goryachev, M., additional, Hartman, E., additional, McAllister, B. T., additional, Quiskamp, A., additional, Thomson, C., additional, Tobar, M. E., additional, Awida, M. H., additional, Chou, A. S., additional, Hollister, M., additional, Knirck, S., additional, Sonnenschein, A., additional, Wester, W., additional, Braine, T., additional, Guzzetti, M., additional, Hanretty, C., additional, Leum, G., additional, Rosenberg, L. J, additional, Rybka, G., additional, Sinnis, J., additional, Clarke, John, additional, Siddiqi, I., additional, Khatiwada, R., additional, Carosi, G., additional, Du, N., additional, Robertson, N., additional, Duffy, L. D., additional, Boutan, C., additional, Oblath, N. S., additional, Taubman, M. S., additional, Yang, J., additional, Lentz, E., additional, Daw, E. J., additional, Perry, M. G., additional, Bartram, C., additional, Buckley, J. H., additional, Gaikwad, C., additional, Hoffman, J., additional, Murch, K. W., additional, and Nitta, T., additional

Published
2024
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39. Oscillatory Non-collinear Magnetism Induced by Interfacial Charge Transfer in Metallic Oxide Superlattices

Author

Hoffman, J., Kirby, B. J., Kwon, J., Freeland, J. W., Martin, I., Heinonen, O. G., Steadman, P., Zhou, H., Schlepuetz, C. M., Velthuis, S. G. E te, Zuo, J. -M., and Bhattacharya, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Interfaces between correlated complex oxides are promising avenues to realize new forms of magnetism that arise as a result of charge transfer, proximity effects and locally broken symmetries. We report upon the discovery of a non-collinear magnetic structure in superlattices of the ferromagnetic metallic oxide La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 (LSMO) and the correlated metal LaNiO3 (LNO). The exchange interaction between LSMO layers is mediated by the intervening LNO, such that the angle between the magnetization of neighboring LSMO layers varies in an oscillatory manner with the thickness of the LNO layer. The magnetic field, temperature, and spacer thickness dependence of the non-collinear structure are inconsistent with the bilinear and biquadratic interactions that are used to model the magnetic structure in conventional metallic multilayers. A model that couples the LSMO layers to a helical spin state within the LNO fits the observed behavior. We propose that the spin-helix results from the interaction between a spatially varying spin susceptibility within the LNO and interfacial charge transfer that creates localized Ni2+ states. This provides a new approach to engineering non-collinear spin textures in metallic oxide heterostructures that can be exploited in devices based on both spin and charge transport.

Published
2014
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40. Genus 3 curves whose Jacobians have endomorphisms by $Q (\zeta _7 +\bar{\zeta}_7 )$, II

Author

Hoffman, J. W., Liang, Dun, Liang, Zhibin, Okazaki, Ryotaro, Sakai, Yukiko, and Wang, Haohao

Subjects
Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry
Abstract

In this work we consider constructions of genus three curves $X$ such that $\mathrm{End}(\mathrm{Jac} (X))\otimes Q$ contains the totally real cubic number field $Q(\zeta _7 +\bar{\zeta}_7 )$. We construct explicit three-dimensional families whose generic member is a nonhyperelliptic genus 3 curve with this property. The case when $X$ is hyperelliptic was studied in a previous work by Hoffman and Wang and some nonhyperelliptic curves were constructed in a previous paper by Hoffman, Z. Liang. Sakai and Wang.

Published
2014

41. Genus 3 curves whose Jacobians have endomorphisms by $Q(\zeta _7 + \overline{\zeta}_7)$

Author

Hoffman, J. William, Liang, Zhibin, Sakai, Yukiko, and Wang, Haohao

Subjects
Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry
Abstract

In this work we consider constructions of genus three curves $X$ such that $\mathrm{End}(\mathrm{Jac}(X)) \otimes Q$ contains the totally real cubic number field $Q(\zeta _ 7 + \overline{\zeta}_7)$. We construct explicit two-dimensional families defined over $Q(s; t)$ whose generic member is a nonhyperelliptic genus 3 curve with this property. The case when X is hyperelliptic was studied by the authors Hoffman and Wang in a previous work. We calculate the zeta function of one of these curves. Conjecturally this zeta function is described by a modular form.

Published
2014

42. Ultrahigh Transmission Optical Nanofibers

Author

Hoffman, J. E., Ravets, S., Grover, J. A., Solano, P., Kordell, P. R., Wong-Campos, J. D., Orozco, L. A., and Rolston, S. L.

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

We present a procedure for reproducibly fabricating ultrahigh transmission optical nanofibers (530 nm diameter and 84 mm stretch) with single-mode transmissions of 99.95 $ \pm$ 0.02%, which represents a loss from tapering of 2.6 $\,\times \,$ 10$^{-5}$ dB/mm when normalized to the entire stretch. When controllably launching the next family of higher-order modes on a fiber with 195 mm stretch, we achieve a transmission of 97.8 $\pm$ 2.8%, which has a loss from tapering of 5.0 $\,\times \,$ 10$^{-4}$ dB/mm when normalized to the entire stretch. Our pulling and transfer procedures allow us to fabricate optical nanofibers that transmit more than 400 mW in high vacuum conditions. These results, published as parameters in our previous work, present an improvement of two orders of magnitude less loss for the fundamental mode and an increase in transmission of more than 300% for higher-order modes, when following the protocols detailed in this paper. We extract from the transmission during the pull, the only reported spectrogram of a fundamental mode launch that does not include excitation to asymmetric modes; in stark contrast to a pull in which our cleaning protocol is not followed. These results depend critically on the pre-pull cleanliness and when properly following our pulling protocols are in excellent agreement with simulations., Comment: 32 pages, 10 figures, accepted to AIP Advances

Published
2014
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44. Charge order driven by Fermi-arc instability in Bi2201

Author

Comin, R., Frano, A., Yee, M. M., Yoshida, Y., Eisaki, H., Schierle, E., Weschke, E., Sutarto, R., He, F., Soumyanarayanan, A., He, Yang, Tacon, M. Le, Elfimov, I. S., Hoffman, J. E., Sawatzky, G. A., Keimer, B., and Damascelli, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

The understanding of the origin of superconductivity in cuprates has been hindered by the apparent diversity of intertwining electronic orders in these materials. We combined resonant x-ray scattering (REXS), scanning-tunneling microscopy (STM), and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to observe a charge order that appears consistently in surface and bulk, and in momentum and real space within one cuprate family, Bi2201. The observed wave vectors rule out simple antinodal nesting in the single-particle limit but match well with a phenomenological model of a many-body instability of the Fermi arcs. Combined with earlier observations of electronic order in other cuprate families, these findings suggest the existence of a generic charge-ordered state in underdoped cuprates and uncover its intimate connection to the pseudogap regime., Comment: A high resolution version can be found at http://www.phas.ubc.ca/~quantmat/ARPES/PUBLICATIONS/Articles/Bi2201_CDW_REXS_STM.pdf"

Published
2013
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46. Correction: Epidemiology and outcomes of early-onset AKI in COVID-19-related ARDS in comparison with non-COVID-19-related ARDS: insights from two prospective global cohort studies (Critical Care, (2023), 27, 1, (3), 10.1186/s13054-022-04294-5)

Author

McNicholas B. A., Mcnicholas, B, Rezoagli, E, Simpkin, A, Khanna, S, Suen, J, Yeung, P, Brodie, D, Bassi, G, Pham, T, Bellani, G, Fraser, J, Laffey, J, Al-Dabbous, T, Alfoudri, H, Shamsah, M, Alhadad, Q, Hanan, M, Elapavaluru, S, Berg, A, Horn, C, Abdelhalim, A, Amer, A, Elnaggar, C, Hassan, A, Abdelaziz, A, Abdelhalim, M, Orabi, Y, Alaraji, Z, Muhaisen, M, Almasri, L, Mustafa, D, Hamdan, S, Al-Saba'a, Y, Dalloul, Z, Alkahlout, M, Jaber, H, Aldabbourosama, O, Hussein, A, Emad, Z, Khaled, S, Mohamed, N, Hassanin, E, Hamdi, A, Ragab, A, Azizeldin, M, Mayasi, Y, Schroll, S, Meyer, D, Velazco, J, Ploskanych, L, Fikes, W, Bagewadi, R, Dao, M, White, H, Laviena, A, Ehlers, A, Shalabi-McGuire, M, Witt, T, Grazioli, L, Lorini, L, Grandin, E, Nunez, J, Reyes, T, O'Briain, D, Hunter, S, Ramanan, M, Affleck, J, Veerendra, H, Rai, S, Russell-Brown, J, Nourse, M, Joseph, M, Mitchell, B, Tenzer, M, Abe, R, Cho, H, Jeong, I, Rahman, N, Kakar, V, Sun, H, Hanley, A, Brozzi, N, Mehkri, O, Krishnan, S, Duggal, A, Houltham, S, Graf, J, Diaz, R, Orrego, R, Delgado, C, Gonzalez, J, Sanchez, M, Piagnerelli, M, Sarrazin, J, Zabert, G, Espinosa, L, Delgado, P, Delgado, V, Rincon, D, Yanten, A, Duque, M, Abouelmagd, K, Elhazmi, A, Al-Hudaib, A, Javidfar, J, Callahan, M, Dong, A, D'Orleans, C, Taufik, M, Wardoyo, E, Gunawan, M, Trisnaningrum, N, Irawany, V, Rayhan, M, Panigada, M, Pesenti, A, Zanella, A, Grasselli, G, Colombo, S, Martinet, C, Florio, G, Antonelli, M, Carelli, S, Grieco, D, Asaki, M, Hoshino, K, Salazar, L, Monsalve, M, Cosgrave, D, Atif, M, Qutishat, F, Laffey, C, Van Der Walt, M, Mccaffrey, J, Bone, A, Hakeem, Y, Winearls, J, Tallott, M, Thomson, D, Joubert, I, Arnold-Day, C, Piercy, J, van Zyl Smit, R, Miller, M, Seymour, L, van Heyningen, F, Teyangesikayi, G, Fredericks, D, Hssain, A, Aliudin, J, Alqahtani, A, Mohamed, K, Mohamed, A, Tan, D, Villanueva, J, Zaqout, A, Kurtzman, E, Ademi, A, Dobrita, A, El Aoudi, K, Segura, J, Giwangkancana, G, Ohshimo, S, Osatnik, J, Joosten, A, Torres, A, Yang, M, Motos, A, Luna, C, Arancibia, F, Williams, V, Noel, A, Luque, N, Fantini, M, Garcia, R, Alvarez, E, Greti, A, Ceccato, A, Sanchez, A, Vazquez, A, Roche-Campo, F, Franch-Llasat, D, Tuazon, D, Amato, M, Cassimiro, L, Pola, F, Ribeiro, F, Fonseca, G, Dalton, H, Desai, M, Osborn, E, Deeb, H, Arcadipane, A, Martucci, G, Panarello, G, Vitiello, S, Bianco, C, Occhipinti, G, Rossetti, M, Cuffaro, R, Cho, S, Whitman, G, El Sayed, M, Mokhtar, W, El-Shenawy, E, Shimizu, H, Moriyama, N, Kim, J, Kitamura, N, Gebauer, J, Yokoyama, T, Al-Fares, A, Buabbas, S, Alamad, E, Alawadhi, F, Alawadi, K, Khalefa, M, Al Ajeel, N, Aly, M, Al-Saleh, A, Naanouh, A, Elshourbgy, A, Gad, M, Elrazaz, R, Khadadah, I, Almumin, A, Altarakma, H, Albannay, H, Alsaleh, M, Radwan, M, Saadallah, I, Tanaka, H, Hashimoto, S, Yamazaki, M, Oh, T, Epler, M, Forney, C, Kruse, L, Feister, J, Williamson, J, Grobengieser, K, Gnall, E, Golden, S, Caroline, M, Shapiro, T, Karaj, C, Thome, L, Sher, L, Vanderland, M, Welch, M, Mcdermott, S, Brain, M, Mineall, S, Unwin, M, Chen, L, Trezise, T, Mckeon, L, Kimura, D, Brazzi, L, Sales, G, Montrucchio, G, Ogston, T, Nagpal, D, Fischer, K, Lorusso, R, van Bussell, B, De Piero, M, Mariani, S, Rangappa, R, Shetty, R, Rai, P, Ganesan, A, Esperatti, M, Fuentes, N, Gonzalez, M, Carton, E, Sen, A, Palacios, A, Rainey, D, Samoukoviv, G, Campisi, J, Durham, L, Neumann, E, Seefeldt, C, Falcucci, O, Emmrich, A, Guy, J, Johns, C, Potzner, K, Zimmermann, C, Espinal, A, Buchtele, N, Schwameis, M, Korhnfehl, A, Brock, R, Staudinger, T, Stecher, S, Barnikel, M, Anton, S, Pawlikowski, A, Zaaqoq, A, Galloway, L, Merley, C, Nichol, A, Csete, M, Quesada, L, Saba, I, Kasugai, D, Hiraiwa, H, Tanaka, T, Marwali, E, Purnama, Y, Dewayanti, S, Ardiyan, Juzar, D, Siagian, D, Chen, Y, Ogino, M, Nasa, P, Matthew, C, Majeed, N, Ratsep, I, Post, A, Sillaots, P, Krund, A, Lehiste, M, Lepik, T, Manetta, F, Mihelis, E, Sarmiento, I, Narasimhan, M, Varrone, M, Komats, M, Garcia-Diaz, J, Harmon, C, Satyapriya, S, Bhatt, A, Mokadam, N, Uribe, A, Gonzalez, A, Shi, H, Mckeown, J, Pasek, J, Fiorda, J, Echeverria, M, Moreno, R, Zakhary, B, Cavana, M, Cucino, A, Foti, G, Giani, M, Fumagalli, B, Chiumello, D, Castagna, V, Dell'Amore, A, Navalesi, P, Shum, H, Vuysteke, A, Usman, A, Acker, A, Smood, B, Mergler, B, Sertic, F, Subramanian, M, Sperry, A, Rizer, N, Burhan, E, Rasmin, M, Akmal, E, Sitompul, F, Lolong, N, Naivedh, B, Erickson, S, Barrett, P, Dean, D, Daugherty, J, Loforte, A, Khan, I, Quraishi, M, Desantis, O, So, D, Kandamby, D, Mandei, J, Natanael, H, Yudhalantang, E, Lantang, A, Wijaya, S, Jung, A, Ng, G, Ng, W, Ng, P, Fang, S, Tabah, A, Ratcliffe, M, Duroux, M, Alajeeli, A, Tarhabat, A, Adachi, S, Nakao, S, Blanco, P, Prieto, A, Sanchez, J, Nicholson, M, Butt, W, Serratore, A, Delzoppo, C, Janin, P, Yarad, E, Totaro, R, Coles, J, Pujo, B, Balk, R, Vissing, A, Kapania, E, Hays, J, Fox, S, Yantosh, G, Mishin, P, Yuliarto, S, Santoso, K, Djajalaksana, S, Fatoni, A, Fukuda, M, Liu, K, Pelosi, P, Battaglini, D, Jimenez, J, Bastos, D, Gaiao, S, Rusmawatiningtyas, D, Cho, Y, Lee, S, Kawasaki, T, Munshi, L, Sakiyalak, P, Nitayavardhana, P, Elagili, M, Salem, T, Seitz, T, Arora, R, Kent, D, Marino, D, Parwar, S, Cheng, A, Miller, J, Fujitani, S, Shimizu, N, Madhok, J, Owyang, C, Buscher, H, Reynolds, C, Maasikas, O, Aleksanbeljantsev, Mihnovits, V, Akimoto, T, Aizawa, M, Horibe, K, Onodera, R, Hodgson, C, Burrell, A, Young, M, George, T, Shekar, K, Mcguinness, N, Irvine, L, Flynn, B, Endo, T, Sugiyama, K, Shimizu, K, Fan, E, Exconde, K, Ichiba, S, Binnawara, M, Lussier, L, Lotz, G, Malfertheiner, M, Maier, L, Dreier, E, Kusumastuti, N, Mccloskey, C, Dabaliz, A, Elshazly, T, Smith, J, Szuldrzynski, K, Bielanski, P, Wille, K, Murthy, S, Parhar, K, Fiest, K, Codan, C, Shahid, A, Fayed, M, Evans, T, Gutierrez, A, Song, T, Rose, R, Bennett, S, Richardson, D, Peek, G, Arora, L, Rappapport, K, Rudolph, K, Sibenaller, Z, Stout, L, Walter, A, Herr, D, Vedadi, N, Bartlett, R, Thompson, S, Hoffman, J, Ying, X, Williams, B, Sanchez, E, Akwani, C, Kennedy, R, Elhadi, M, Griffee, M, Mone, M, Ciullo, A, Kida, Y, Roca, R, Riera, J, Contreras, S, Alegre, C, Kay, C, Fischer, I, Renner, E, Taniguci, H, Lee, J, Plotkin, D, Citarella, B, Merson, L, Hartley, E, Lubis, B, Ikeyama, T, Alhamad, A, Fathi, M, Hadhoud, M, Alhouri, H, Mechi, A, Alyasiri, M, Elsaid, M, Shahla, H, Bhaskar, B, Jung, J, Mcguinness, S, Eastwood, G, Marta, S, Guarracino, F, Gerle, S, Coxon, E, Claro, B, Eleisawy, M, Osama, H, Loverde, D, Patil, N, Parrini, V, Mcbride, A, Negaard, K, Ratsch, A, Uribe, J, Peris, A, Sanders, M, Emerson, D, Kamal, M, Faida, H, Povoa, P, Francis, R, Cherif, A, Joseph, S, Di Nardo, M, Heard, M, Kyle, K, Blackwell, R, Ouyahia, A, Biston, P, Jeong, H, Smith, R, Prawira, Y, Garcia, A, Salterain, N, Meyns, B, Elnasser, M, Moreno, M, Walia, R, Mehta, A, Schweda, A, Williams, M, Emadamkhatirah, Kim, K, Assad, A, Giraldo, E, Karolak, W, Balik, M, Pocock, E, Gajkowski, E, Masafumi, K, Barrett, N, Takeyama, Y, Park, S, Amin, F, Andriyani, F, Sudakevych, S, Schnur, J, Vera, M, Cornejo, R, Schwarz, P, Mardini, A, de Paula, T, Neto, A, Villoldo, A, Colafranceschi, A, Iglesias, A, Granjean, J, Melro, L, Romualdo, G, Gaia, D, Souza, H, Galas, F, Mendiluce, R, Sosa, A, Martinez, I, Kurosawa, H, Almoshantaf, M, Salgado, J, Hugi-Mayr, B, Charbonneau, E, Barzilai, V, Monteiro, V, de Souza, R, Harper, M, Siddig, N, Suzuki, H, Adams, C, Brieva, J, Khamees, A, Graige, F, Supriatna, M, Nyale, G, Eltatar, F, Fatani, J, Baeissa, H, Masri, A, Rabie, A, Hui, M, Yamane, M, Jung, H, Margaret, A, Nacpil, N, Ruck, K, Bakken, R, Jara, C, Felton, T, Tharwat, S, Berra, L, Shah, B, Chakraborty, A, Cardona, M, Capatos, G, Akkanti, B, Orija, A, Jain, H, Ito, A, Muftah, M, Housni, B, Aldhalia, A, Low, S, Iihara, K, Chavez, J, Ramanathan, K, Naidoo, K, Seppelt, I, Vandyk, M, Macdonald, S, Hafez, W, Mcgregor, R, Siebenaler, T, Flynn, H, Lofton, K, Aokage, T, Kvirkvelia, B, Shigemitsu, K, Moscatelli, A, Fiorentino, G, Baumgaertel, M, Mba, S, Assy, J, Hutahaean, A, Roush, H, Sichting, K, Alessandri, F, Burns, D, Alkhubouli, T, Nasrallah, A, Salt, G, Garabedian, C, Millar, J, Sim, M, Mattke, A, Mcauley, D, Tadili, J, Frenzel, T, Bar-Lavie, Y, Ortiz, A, Stone, J, Attokaran, A, Farquharson, M, Patel, B, Gunning, D, Baillie, K, Adem, S, Watson, P, Tamai, K, Sajinadiyasa, G, Kanyawati, D, Salgado, M, Sassine, A, Yudo, B, Mccaul, S, Lee, B, Afek, A, Iwashita, Y, Fadlalmola, H, Semedi, B, Mansour, N, Metiva, J, Van Belle, N, Martin-Loeches, I, Al-Sadawi, M, Kirakli, C, Shimaa, A, Abdurraouf, A, Ivatt, L, Moharam, S, Woon, C, Kang, H, Smith, T, James, E, Al-Rawas, N, Almjersah, A, Iwasaki, Y, Ashour, H, Embarek, H, King-Chung, K, Gudzenko, V, Taccone, F, Perdhana, F, Lamarche, Y, Ribeiro, J, Bradic, N, Van den Bossche, K, Lansink, O, Singh, G, Debeuckelaere, G, Stelfox, H, Yi, C, Elia, J, Tribble, T, Shankar, S, Padmanabhan, R, Hallinan, B, Paoletti, L, Leyva, Y, Fykuda, T, Badulak, J, Koch, J, Janowaik, L, Hackman, A, Hernandez, D, Osofsky, J, Donadello, K, Lawang, A, Fine, J, Davidson, B, Abdehaleem, I, McNicholas B. 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B, Shigemitsu, K, Moscatelli, A, Fiorentino, G, Baumgaertel, M, Mba, S, Assy, J, Hutahaean, A, Roush, H, Sichting, K, Alessandri, F, Burns, D, Alkhubouli, T, Nasrallah, A, Salt, G, Garabedian, C, Millar, J, Sim, M, Mattke, A, Mcauley, D, Tadili, J, Frenzel, T, Bar-Lavie, Y, Ortiz, A, Stone, J, Attokaran, A, Farquharson, M, Patel, B, Gunning, D, Baillie, K, Adem, S, Watson, P, Tamai, K, Sajinadiyasa, G, Kanyawati, D, Salgado, M, Sassine, A, Yudo, B, Mccaul, S, Lee, B, Afek, A, Iwashita, Y, Fadlalmola, H, Semedi, B, Mansour, N, Metiva, J, Van Belle, N, Martin-Loeches, I, Al-Sadawi, M, Kirakli, C, Shimaa, A, Abdurraouf, A, Ivatt, L, Moharam, S, Woon, C, Kang, H, Smith, T, James, E, Al-Rawas, N, Almjersah, A, Iwasaki, Y, Ashour, H, Embarek, H, King-Chung, K, Gudzenko, V, Taccone, F, Perdhana, F, Lamarche, Y, Ribeiro, J, Bradic, N, Van den Bossche, K, Lansink, O, Singh, G, Debeuckelaere, G, Stelfox, H, Yi, C, Elia, J, Tribble, T, Shankar, S, Padmanabhan, R, Hallinan, B, Paoletti, L, Leyva, Y, Fykuda, T, Badulak, J, Koch, J, Janowaik, L, Hackman, A, Hernandez, D, Osofsky, J, Donadello, K, Lawang, A, Fine, J, Davidson, B, Abdehaleem, I, McNicholas B. A., Rezoagli E., Simpkin A. J., Khanna S., Suen J. Y., Yeung P., Brodie D., Bassi G. L., Pham T., Bellani G., Fraser J. F., Laffey J., Al-Dabbous T., Alfoudri H., Shamsah M., Alhadad Q., Hanan M., Elapavaluru S., Berg A., Horn C., Abdelhalim A. R. M. E., Amer A. E., Elnaggar C. O. R., Hassan A. A., Abdelaziz A., Abdelhalim M., Orabi Y. S. S. A., Alaraji Z. A., Muhaisen M. R., Almasri L., Mustafa D., Hamdan S., Al-Saba'a Y., Dalloul Z., Alkahlout M., Jaber H., Aldabbourosama O., Hussein A. A. R. M., Emad Z. K., Khaled S., Mohamed N., Hassanin E., Hamdi A., Ragab A., Azizeldin M. G., Mayasi Y., Schroll S., Meyer D., Velazco J., Ploskanych L., Fikes W., Bagewadi R., Dao M., White H., Laviena A. B., Ehlers A., Shalabi-McGuire M., Witt T., Grazioli L., Lorini L., Grandin E. W., Nunez J., Reyes T., O'Briain D., Hunter S., Ramanan M., Affleck J., Veerendra H. H., Rai S., Russell-Brown J., Nourse M., Joseph M., Mitchell B., Tenzer M., Abe R., Cho H. J., Jeong I. 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A., Aliudin J., Alqahtani A. -R., Mohamed K., Mohamed A., Tan D., Villanueva J., Zaqout A., Kurtzman E., Ademi A., Dobrita A., El Aoudi K., Segura J., Giwangkancana G., Ohshimo S., Osatnik J., Joosten A., Torres A., Yang M., Motos A., Luna C., Arancibia F., Williams V., Noel A., Luque N., Fantini M., Garcia R. N. J., Alvarez E. C., Greti A., Ceccato A., Sanchez A., Vazquez A. L., Roche-Campo F., Franch-Llasat D., Tuazon D., Amato M., Cassimiro L., Pola F., Ribeiro F., Fonseca G., Dalton H., Desai M., Osborn E., Deeb H., Arcadipane A., Martucci G., Panarello G., Vitiello S., Bianco C., Occhipinti G., Rossetti M., Cuffaro R., Cho S. -M., Whitman G., El Sayed M., Mokhtar W., El-Shenawy E., Shimizu H., Moriyama N., Kim J. -B., Kitamura N., Gebauer J., Yokoyama T., Al-Fares A., Buabbas S., Alamad E., Alawadhi F., Alawadi K., Khalefa M. A., Al Ajeel N. A. A., Aly M. F., Al-Saleh A., Naanouh A., Elshourbgy A. M., Gad M. Y., ElRazaz R. M., Khadadah I., Almumin A. M., Altarakma H., Albannay H., Alsaleh M. K., Radwan M. S. A., Saadallah I. A., Tanaka H., Hashimoto S., Yamazaki M., Oh T. -H., Epler M., Forney C., Kruse L., Feister J., Williamson J., Grobengieser K., Gnall E., Golden S., Caroline M., Shapiro T., Karaj C., Thome L., Sher L., Vanderland M., Welch M., McDermott S., Brain M., Mineall S., Unwin M., Chen L., Trezise T., McKeon L., Kimura D., Brazzi L., Sales G., Montrucchio G., Ogston T., Nagpal D., Fischer K., Lorusso R., van Bussell B., De Piero M. E., Mariani S., Rangappa R., Shetty R. M., Rai P. S., Ganesan A., Esperatti M., Fuentes N. A., Gonzalez M. E., Carton E. G., Sen A., Palacios A., Rainey D., Samoukoviv G., Campisi J., Durham L., Neumann E., Seefeldt C., Falcucci O., Emmrich A., Guy J., Johns C., Potzner K., Zimmermann C., Espinal A., Buchtele N., Schwameis M., Korhnfehl A., Brock R., Staudinger T., Stecher S. -S., Barnikel M., Anton S., Pawlikowski A., Zaaqoq A., Galloway L. A., Merley C., Nichol A., Csete M., Quesada L., Saba I., Kasugai D., Hiraiwa H., Tanaka T., Marwali E., Purnama Y., Dewayanti S. R., Juzar D. A., Siagian D., Chen Y. -S., Ogino M., Nasa P., Matthew C., Majeed N. A., Ratsep I., Post A. -M., Sillaots P., Krund A., Lehiste M. -H., Lepik T., Manetta F., Mihelis E., Sarmiento I. C., Narasimhan M., Varrone M., Komats M., Garcia-Diaz J., Harmon C., Satyapriya S. V., Bhatt A., Mokadam N. A., Uribe A., Gonzalez A., Shi H., McKeown J., Pasek J., Fiorda J., Echeverria M., Moreno R., Zakhary B., Cavana M., Cucino A., Foti G., Giani M., Fumagalli B., Chiumello D., Castagna V., Dell'Amore A., Navalesi P., Shum H. -P., Vuysteke A., Usman A., Acker A., Smood B., Mergler B., Sertic F., Subramanian M., Sperry A., Rizer N., Burhan E., Rasmin M., Akmal E., Sitompul F., Lolong N., Naivedh B., Erickson S., Barrett P., Dean D., Daugherty J., Loforte A., Khan I., Quraishi M. A., DeSantis O., So D., Kandamby D., Mandei J. M., Natanael H., YudhaLantang E., Lantang A., Wijaya S. O., Jung A., Ng G., Ng W. Y., Ng P. Y., Fang S., Tabah A., Ratcliffe M., Duroux M., Alajeeli A., Tarhabat A., Adachi S., Nakao S., Blanco P., Prieto A., Sanchez J., Nicholson M., Butt W., Serratore A., Delzoppo C., Janin P., Yarad E., Totaro R., Coles J., Pujo B., Balk R., Vissing A., Kapania E., Hays J., Fox S., Yantosh G., Mishin P., Yuliarto S., Santoso K. H., Djajalaksana S., Fatoni A. Z., Fukuda M., Liu K., Pelosi P., Battaglini D., Jimenez J. F. M., Bastos D., Gaiao S., Rusmawatiningtyas D., Cho Y. -J., Lee S. H., Kawasaki T., Munshi L., Sakiyalak P., Nitayavardhana P., Elagili M. B., Salem T. A. A., Seitz T., Arora R., Kent D., Marino D., Parwar S., Cheng A., Miller J., Fujitani S., Shimizu N., Madhok J., Owyang C., Buscher H., Reynolds C., Maasikas O., AleksanBeljantsev, Mihnovits V., Akimoto T., Aizawa M., Horibe K., Onodera R., Hodgson C., Burrell A., Young M., George T., Shekar K., McGuinness N., Irvine L., Flynn B., Endo T., Sugiyama K., Shimizu K., Fan E., Exconde K., Ichiba S., Binnawara M., Lussier L., Lotz G., Malfertheiner M., Maier L., Dreier E., Kusumastuti N. P., McCloskey C., Dabaliz A. -A., Elshazly T. B., Smith J., Szuldrzynski K. S., Bielanski P., Wille K., Murthy S., Parhar K. K. S., Fiest K. M., Codan C., Shahid A., Fayed M., Evans T., Garcia R., Gutierrez A., Song T., Rose R., Bennett S., Richardson D., Peek G., Arora L., Rappapport K., Rudolph K., Sibenaller Z., Stout L., Walter A., Herr D., Vedadi N., Bartlett R., Thompson S., Hoffman J., Ying X., Williams B., Sanchez E., Akwani C., Kennedy R., Elhadi M., Griffee M., Mone M., Ciullo A., Kida Y., Roca R. F., Riera J. I., Contreras S., Alegre C., Kay C., Fischer I., Renner E., Taniguci H., Lee J., Plotkin D., Citarella B. W., Merson L., Hartley E., Lubis B., Ikeyama T., Alhamad A., Fathi M., Hadhoud M. M., Alhouri H., Mechi A., Alyasiri M. S., Elsaid M. Z. A., Shahla H., Bhaskar B., Jung J. -S., McGuinness S., Eastwood G., Marta S. R., Guarracino F., Gerle S., Coxon E., Claro B., Eleisawy M., Osama H., Loverde D., Patil N., Parrini V., McBride A., Negaard K., Ratsch A., Uribe J. D., Peris A., Sanders M., Emerson D., Kamal M., Faida H., Povoa P., Francis R., Cherif A., Joseph S., Di Nardo M., Heard M., Kyle K., Blackwell R. A., Ouyahia A., Biston P., Jeong H. W., Smith R., Prawira Y., Garcia A. H., Salterain N., Meyns B., Elnasser M., Moreno M., Walia R., Mehta A., Schweda A., Williams M., EmadAmkhatirah, Kim K. H., Assad A., Giraldo E., Karolak W., Balik M., Pocock E., Gajkowski E., Masafumi K., Barrett N., Takeyama Y., Park S., Amin F., Andriyani F. M., Sudakevych S., Schnur J., Vera M., Cornejo R., Schwarz P., Mardini A. C., de Paula T., Neto A. S., Villoldo A., Colafranceschi A. S., Iglesias A. U., Granjean J., Melro L. M. G., Romualdo G. F., Gaia D., Souza H., Galas F., Mendiluce R. M., Sosa A., Martinez I., Kurosawa H., Almoshantaf M. B., Salgado J., Hugi-Mayr B., Charbonneau E., Barzilai V. S., Monteiro V., de Souza R. R., Harper M., Siddig N., Suzuki H., Adams C., Brieva J., Khamees A., Graige F., Supriatna M., Nyale G., Eltatar F. S., Fatani J., Baeissa H., Masri A. A. L., Rabie A., Hui M. Y., Yamane M., Jung H., Margaret A. M., Nacpil N., Ruck K., Bakken R., Jara C., Felton T., Tharwat S., Berra L., Shah B., Chakraborty A., Cardona M., Capatos G., Akkanti B., Orija A., Jain H., Ito A., Muftah M., Housni B., Aldhalia A., Low S., Iihara K., Chavez J., Ramanathan K., Naidoo K., Seppelt I., VanDyk M., MacDonald S., Hafez W., McGregor R., Siebenaler T., Flynn H., Lofton K., Aokage T., Kvirkvelia B., Shigemitsu K., Moscatelli A., Fiorentino G., Baumgaertel M., Mba S. E., Assy J., Hutahaean A., Roush H., Sichting K. A., Alessandri F., Burns D., Alkhubouli T. H., Nasrallah A., Salt G., Garabedian C. P., Millar J., Sim M., Mattke A., McAuley D., Tadili J., Frenzel T., Bar-Lavie Y., Ortiz A. B., Stone J., Attokaran A., Farquharson M., Patel B., Gunning D., Baillie K., Adem S., Watson P., Tamai K., Sajinadiyasa G. K., Kanyawati D., Salgado M., Sassine A., Yudo B., McCaul S., Lee B., Lee S. M., Afek A., Iwashita Y., Fadlalmola H., Semedi B. P., Mansour N. M., Metiva J., Van Belle N., Martin-Loeches I., Al-Sadawi M., Kirakli C., Shimaa A. -T., Abdurraouf A., Ivatt L., Moharam S., Woon C. Y., Kang H. M., Smith T., James E., Al-Rawas N., Almjersah A., Iwasaki Y., Ashour H., Embarek H., King-Chung K. C., Gudzenko V., Taccone F., Perdhana F., Lamarche Y., Ribeiro J. M., Bradic N., Van den Bossche K., Lansink O., Singh G., Debeuckelaere G., Stelfox H. T., Yi C., Elia J., Tribble T., Shankar S., Padmanabhan R., Hallinan B., Paoletti L., Leyva Y., Fykuda T., Badulak J., Koch J., Janowaik L., Hackman A., Hernandez D., Osofsky J., Donadello K., Lawang A., Fine J., Davidson B., Vazquez A. O. R., and Abdehaleem I.

Abstract

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors identified that the collaborating authors part of the collaborating author group CCCC Consortium was missing. The collaborating author group is available and included as Additional file 1 in this article.

Published
2023

47. TU‐G‐204‐05: The Effects of CT Acquisition and Reconstruction Conditions On Computed Texture Feature Values of Lung Lesions

Author

Lo, P, Young, S, Kim, G, Hoffman, J, Brown, M, and McNitt‐Gray, M

Subjects
Medical and Biological Physics, Physical Sciences, Cancer, Biomedical Imaging, Clinical Research, Other Physical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging, Biomedical engineering, Medical and biological physics
Abstract

PURPOSE: Texture features have been investigated as a biomarker of response and malignancy. Because these features reflect local differences in density, they may be influenced by acquisition and reconstruction parameters. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of radiation dose level and reconstruction method on features derived from lung lesions. METHODS: With IRB approval, 33 lung tumor cases were identified from clinically indicated thoracic CT scans in which the raw projection (sinogram) data were available. Based on a previously-published technique, noise was added to the raw data to simulate reduced-dose versions of each case at 25%, 10% and 3% of the original dose. Original and simulated reduced dose projection data were reconstructed with conventional and two iterative-reconstruction settings, yielding 12 combinations of dose/recon conditions. One lesion from each case was contoured. At the reference condition (full dose, conventional recon), 17 lesions were randomly selected for repeat contouring (repeatability). For each lesion at each dose/recon condition, 151 texture measures were calculated. A paired differences approach was employed to compare feature variation from repeat contours at the reference condition to the variation observed in other dose/recon conditions (reproducibility). The ratio of standard deviation of the reproducibility to repeatability was used as the variation measure for each feature. RESULTS: The mean variation (standard deviation) across dose levels and kernel was significantly different with a ratio of 2.24 (±5.85) across texture features (p=0.01). The mean variation (standard deviation) across dose levels with conventional recon was also significantly different with 2.30 (7.11) (p=0.025). The mean variation across reconstruction settings of original dose has a trend in showing difference with 1.35 (2.60) among all features (p=0.09). CONCLUSION: Texture features varied considerably with variations in dose and reconstruction condition. Care should be taken to standardize these conditions when using texture as a quantitative feature. This effort supported in part by a grant from the National Cancer Institute's Quantitative Imaging Network (QIN): U01 CA181156; The UCLA Department of Radiology has a Master Research Agreement with Siemens Healthcare; Dr. McNitt-Gray has previously received research support from Siemens Healthcare.

Published
2015

48. TU‐G‐204‐07: A Research Pipeline to Simulate a Wide Range of CT Image Acquisition and Reconstruction Parameters and Assess the Performance of Quantitative Imaging and CAD Systems

Author

Young, S, Lo, P, Kim, G, Hoffman, J, Brown, M, and McNitt‐Gray, M

Subjects
Medical and Biological Physics, Physical Sciences, Lung, Biomedical Imaging, Clinical Research, Cancer, Bioengineering, Other Physical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging, Biomedical engineering, Medical and biological physics
Abstract

PURPOSE: Quantitative Imaging and CAD tasks performed with CT (e.g. lung nodule detection, assessment of tumor size, etc.) may be sensitive to image acquisition and reconstruction parameters such as dose level, image thickness and reconstruction method (FBP, iterative, etc.). The purpose of this work was to develop a research pipeline for generating CT image series that represent a wide variety of acquisition and reconstruction conditions under which CAD and Quantitative Imaging performance would be evaluated. METHODS: With IRB approval, we have collected the raw CT data from hundreds of patients. These raw sinogram files serve as the input to the research pipeline. To simulate a wide range of dose levels, we developed software which adds noise to the sinogram. Multiple reduced-dose sinograms can be generated for a single patient, and those reduced-dose sinograms are then fed either to the scanner's reconstruction engine or to our in-house reconstruction engine; each has conventional filtered back projection (FBP) and iterative reconstruction methods. After generating image series across a range of dose levels and reconstruction methods, we can evaluate the performance of various quantitative imaging or CAD tools in tasks such as automated and semi-automated lesion segmentation, assessment of lesion size, and measurement of density or texture. RESULTS: We have successfully applied this pipeline across a range of clinical CT applications, including: (1) chest oncology, where the pipeline was used to quantify the effects of dose and reconstruction method on nodule volumetry, and (2) lung cancer screening, where the pipeline is being used to measure the robustness of an automated CAD algorithm with respect to dose. CONCLUSION: The acquisition/reconstruction pipeline shows promise for investigating and quantifying the effects of dose and reconstruction method on various clinical CT applications. NCI grant U01 CA181156 (Quantitative Imaging Network); Tobacco Related Disease Research Project grant 22RT-0131.

Published
2015

49. TU‐G‐204‐09: The Effects of Reduced‐ Dose Lung Cancer Screening CT On Lung Nodule Detection Using a CAD Algorithm

Author

Young, S, Lo, P, Kim, G, Hsu, W, Hoffman, J, Brown, M, and McNitt‐Gray, M

Subjects
Medical and Biological Physics, Physical Sciences, Cancer, Lung, Health Services, Clinical Research, Lung Cancer, Biomedical Imaging, Other Physical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging, Biomedical engineering, Medical and biological physics
Abstract

PURPOSE: While Lung Cancer Screening CT is being performed at low doses, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of further reducing dose on the performance of a CAD nodule-detection algorithm. METHODS: We selected 50 cases from our local database of National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) patients for which we had both the image series and the raw CT data from the original scans. All scans were acquired with fixed mAs (25 for standard-sized patients, 40 for large patients) on a 64-slice scanner (Sensation 64, Siemens Healthcare). All images were reconstructed with 1-mm slice thickness, B50 kernel. 10 of the cases had at least one nodule reported on the NLST reader forms. Based on a previously-published technique, we added noise to the raw data to simulate reduced-dose versions of each case at 50% and 25% of the original NLST dose (i.e. approximately 1.0 and 0.5 mGy CTDIvol). For each case at each dose level, the CAD detection algorithm was run and nodules greater than 4 mm in diameter were reported. These CAD results were compared to "truth", defined as the approximate nodule centroids from the NLST reports. Subject-level mean sensitivities and false-positive rates were calculated for each dose level. RESULTS: The mean sensitivities of the CAD algorithm were 35% at the original dose, 20% at 50% dose, and 42.5% at 25% dose. The false-positive rates, in decreasing-dose order, were 3.7, 2.9, and 10 per case. In certain cases, particularly in larger patients, there were severe photon-starvation artifacts, especially in the apical region due to the high-attenuating shoulders. CONCLUSION: The detection task was challenging for the CAD algorithm at all dose levels, including the original NLST dose. However, the false-positive rate at 25% dose approximately tripled, suggesting a loss of CAD robustness somewhere between 0.5 and 1.0 mGy. NCI grant U01 CA181156 (Quantitative Imaging Network); Tobacco Related Disease Research Project grant 22RT-0131.

Published
2015

50. Development, Evaluation and Implementation of Chief Complaint Groupings to Activate Data Collection

Author

Deakyne, SJ, Bajaj, L, Hoffman, J, Alessandrini, E, Ballard, DW, Norris, R, Tzimenatos, L, Swietlik, M, Tham, E, Grundmeier, RW, Kuppermann, N, and Dayan, PS

Subjects
Pediatric, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Patient Safety, Clinical Research, Good Health and Well Being, Child, Craniocerebral Trauma, Decision Support Systems, Clinical, Electronic Health Records, Humans, Medical Order Entry Systems, Medical Overuse, Radiography, Head trauma, electronic health record, chief complaints, sensitivity and specificity, Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network, Information Systems, Clinical Sciences
Abstract

BackgroundOveruse of cranial computed tomography scans in children with blunt head trauma unnecessarily exposes them to radiation. The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) blunt head trauma prediction rules identify children who do not require a computed tomography scan. Electronic health record (EHR) based clinical decision support (CDS) may effectively implement these rules but must only be provided for appropriate patients in order to minimize excessive alerts.ObjectivesTo develop, implement and evaluate site-specific groupings of chief complaints (CC) that accurately identify children with head trauma, in order to activate data collection in an EHR.MethodsAs part of a 13 site clinical trial comparing cranial computed tomography use before and after implementation of CDS, four PECARN sites centrally developed and locally implemented CC groupings to trigger a clinical trial alert (CTA) to facilitate the completion of an emergency department head trauma data collection template. We tested and chose CC groupings to attain high sensitivity while maintaining at least moderate specificity.ResultsDue to variability in CCs available, identical groupings across sites were not possible. We noted substantial variability in the sensitivity and specificity of seemingly similar CC groupings between sites. The implemented CC groupings had sensitivities greater than 90% with specificities between 75-89%. During the trial, formal testing and provider feedback led to tailoring of the CC groupings at some sites.ConclusionsCC groupings can be successfully developed and implemented across multiple sites to accurately identify patients who should have a CTA triggered to facilitate EHR data collection. However, CC groupings will necessarily vary in order to attain high sensitivity and moderate-to-high specificity. In future trials, the balance between sensitivity and specificity should be considered based on the nature of the clinical condition, including prevalence and morbidity, in addition to the goals of the intervention being considered.

Published
2015

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