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Decisions about admission to selective schools usually rely on performance measures. To reach a required achievement threshold students may make use of additional resources, such as private tutoring. We investigate how the use of private tutoring relates to the transition probability to an academically demanding post compulsory school and the probability to successfully pass through this school, controlling for the students competencies after tutoring, but before the transition. Using PISA and linked register data from Switzerland, we find that students who had private tutoring before the transition are more likely to fail in the selective school than students who had the same level of competencies without tutoring.

Decisions about admission to selective schools usually rely on performance measures. To reach a required achievement threshold students may make use of additional resources, such as private tutoring. We investigate how the use of private tutoring relates to the transition probability to an academically demanding post compulsory school and the probability to successfully pass through this school, controlling for the students competencies after tutoring, but before the transition. Using PISA and linked register data from Switzerland, we find that students who had private tutoring before the transition are more likely to fail in the selective school than students who had the same competencies without tutoring.

This paper analyzes how apprenticeship training, i.e., work-based secondary education, affects personality traits compared to full-time school-based vocational or general education. Employing an instrumental variable approach that exploits the regional differences in the relative weight of school- and work-based secondary education across Switzerland and Europe, we determine that apprenticeship training reduces neuroticism and increases agreeableness and conscientiousness, while openness and extraversion remain unaffected. These results validate the socializing function of work-based education. However, heterogeneous treatment effects are found, indicating positive effects for students with less favorable personality traits but insignificant or even reducing effects in the case of extraversion for those with already high values in personality traits.

Über 34% der Schweizer Jugendlichen besuchten in den Jahren 2011/12 in der 8./9. Klasse bezahlten Nachhilfeunterricht, was einer Steigerung von 10% im Vergleich zur Erhebung von 2008/09 entspricht. Zwei Drittel dieser Schülerinnen und -schüler gehen regelmässig in die Nachhilfe; sie stammen besonders häufig aus sozial privilegierten Elternhäusern. Der Effekt der Nachhilfe auf die schulischen Leistungen ist jedoch gerade bei regelmässigem Nachhilfeunterricht sehr gering und kann gar negativ sein, weil dadurch beispielsweise eigene Lernzeit verdrängt wird. Bezahlte Nachhilfe tritt akzentuiert am Übertritt in die Sekundarstufe II auf, wobei Schülerinnen und Schüler der Sekundarstufe I in Schultypen mit höheren Ansprüchen zu diesem Zeitpunkt am häufigsten Nachhilfeunterricht besuchen. (DIPF/Orig.)

This paper analyzes how apprenticeship training, i.e., work-based secondary education, affects personality traits compared to full-time school-based vocational or general education. Employing an instrumental variable approach that exploits the regional differences in the relative weight of school- and work-based secondary education across Switzerland and Europe, we determine that apprenticeship Training reduces neuroticism and increases agreeableness and conscientiousness, while openness and extraversion remain unaffected. These results validate the socializing function of work-based education. However, heterogeneous treatment effects are found, indicating positive effects for students with less favorable personality traits but insignificant or even reducing effects in the case of extraversion for those with already high values in personality traits., KOF Working Papers, 350

Aarau : SKBF 2012, 29 S. - (SKBF Staff Paper; 8), Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte den bezahlten Nachhilfeunterricht anhand der repräsentativen PISA Erhebung 2009 für die Schweiz. Sie zeigt, dass fast jeder dritte Jugendliche in der 8. und 9. Klasse mindestens einmal Nachhilfeunterricht erhalten hat, hauptsächlich in den Fächern Mathematik und Fremdsprachen. Fast ein Fünftel aller Schülerinnen und Schüler besuchen regelmässig und über einen längeren Zeitraum bezahlten Nachhilfeunterricht. Durchschnittlich schulisch weniger leistungsstarke Schülerinnen und Schüler nehmen mehr Nachhilfe in Anspruch; die Analysen zeigen aber auch einen deutlichen Einfluss der Konkurrenzsituation beim Eintritt in allgemeinbildende Schulen auf der Sekundarstufe II. So beanspruchen beispielsweise Jugendliche mit sehr guten schulischen Leistungen in Kantonen mit sehr niedrigen Maturitätsquoten deutlich häufiger bezahlte Nachhilfe als vergleichbare Jugendliche in Kantonen mit sehr hohen Maturitätsquoten. Klar ersichtlich ist auch der Einfluss sozioökonomischer Faktoren auf die Teilnahme an bezahlter Nachhilfe. Insbesondere Jugendliche mit akademisch gebildeten Eltern fragen deutlich mehr bezahlte Nachhilfe nach. (DIPF/Orig.)

This study investigates the determinants and motives of professionals who change career to vocational teaching. The framework for this study is the Swiss vocational education system, which requires that teachers of vocational subjects must have a prior career in that specific field. Thus, to work in teaching, every vocational teacher has to change his or her initial career. This paper focuses on the relevance of monetary motives for changing a career to teaching. Using a unique data set of trainee teachers, we show that professionals who change their careers to teaching earned on average more in their first career than comparable workers in the same occupation. Our findings additionally demonstrate that the average career changer still expects to earn significantly more as a teacher than in the former career. However, the study shows substantial heterogeneity and a zero wage elasticity of the teacher supply, suggesting that non-monetary motives are more relevant for career change than monetary factors.