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2. The wild species genome ancestry of domestic chickens

Author

Lawal, Raman Akinyanju, Martin, Simon H., Vanmechelen, Koen, Vereijken, Addie, Silva, Pradeepa, Al-Atiyat, Raed Mahmoud, Aljumaah, Riyadh Salah, Mwacharo, Joram M., Wu, Dong-Dong, Zhang, Ya-Ping, Hocking, Paul M., Smith, Jacqueline, Wragg, David, and Hanotte, Olivier

Published
2020
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7. Additional file 4 of Identification and characterisation of endogenous Avian Leukosis Virus subgroup E (ALVE) insertions in chicken whole genome sequencing data

Author

Mason, Andrew S., Lund, Ashlee R., Hocking, Paul M., Fulton, Janet E., and Burt, David W.

Subjects
ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Additional file 4: AF4. Supplementary tables. This file includes seven additional tables which support the manuscript, including lists of primers. These are referred to in the text as Table S1 etc. Full titles and legends are given for each table.

Published
2020
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8. Additional file 3 of Identification and characterisation of endogenous Avian Leukosis Virus subgroup E (ALVE) insertions in chicken whole genome sequencing data

Author

Mason, Andrew S., Lund, Ashlee R., Hocking, Paul M., Fulton, Janet E., and Burt, David W.

Abstract

Additional file 3: AF3. Supplementary figures. This file includes seven additional figures which support the manuscript. These are referred to in the text as Fig. S1 etc. Full titles and legends are given for each figure.

Published
2020
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11. Genetic control of Campylobacter colonisation in broiler chickens: genomic and transcriptomic characterisation

Author

Psifidi, Androniki, primary, Kranis, Andreas, additional, Rothwell, Lisa M., additional, Bremner, Abi, additional, Russell, Kay, additional, Robledo, Diego, additional, Bush, Stephen J., additional, Fife, Mark, additional, Hocking, Paul M., additional, Banos, Georgios, additional, Hume, David A., additional, Kaufman, Jim, additional, Bailey, Richard A., additional, Avendano, Santiago, additional, Watson, Kellie A., additional, Kaiser, Pete, additional, and Stevens, Mark. P., additional

Published
2020
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12. Visualization and modelling of the thermal inactivation of bacteria in a model food

Author

Bellara, Sanjay R., Fryer, Peter J., McFarlane, Caroline M., Thomas, Colin R., Hocking, Paul M., and Mackey, Bernard M.

Subjects
Bacteria -- Research, Foodborne diseases -- Prevention, Food contamination -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Cylindrical agar blocks containing immobilized bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium and Brochothrix thermosphacta) were utilized as a model system to investigate thermal inactivation of bacteria in foods. A finite-difference approach was employed to model thermal conduction and the consequent bacterial inactivation. Bacterial inactivation rates were modelled with values for the time needed to reduce bacterial number by 90% (D) and the temperature increase needed to reduced D by 90% taken from the literature. Model simulation results were in good agreement with experimental values.

Published
1999

14. Identification of novel candidate genes for follicle selection in the broiler breeder ovary

Author

McDerment Neil A, Wilson Peter W, Waddington David, Dunn Ian C, and Hocking Paul M

Subjects
Broiler breeder, Multiple ovulation, Follicle development, Ovary, Microarray, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Background Broiler breeders fed ad libitum are characterised by multiple ovulation, which leads to poor shell quality and egg production. Multiple ovulation is controlled by food restriction in commercial flocks. However, the level of food restriction raises welfare concerns, including that of severe hunger. Reducing the rate of multiple ovulation by genetic selection would facilitate progress towards developing a growth profile for optimum animal welfare. Results The study utilised 3 models of ovarian follicle development; laying hens fed ad libitum (experiment 2) and broiler breeders fed ad libitum or a restricted diet (experiments 1 & 3). This allowed us to investigate gene candidates for follicular development by comparing normal, abnormal and “controlled” follicle hierarchies at different stages of development. Several candidate genes for multiple ovulation were identified by combining microarray analysis of restricted vs. ad libitum feeding, literature searches and QPCR expression profiling throughout follicle development. Three candidate genes were confirmed by QPCR as showing significant differential expression between restricted and ad libitum feeding: FSHR, GDF9 and PDGFRL. PDGFRL, a candidate for steroidogenesis, showed significantly up-regulated expression in 6–8 mm follicles of ad libitum fed broiler breeders (P = 0.016), the period at which follicle recruitment occurs. Conclusions Gene candidates have been identified and evidence provided to support a possible role in regulation of ovarian function and follicle number. Further characterisation of these genes will be required to assess their potential for inclusion into breeding programmes to improve the regulation of follicle selection and reduce the need for feed restriction.

Published
2012
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15. The wild species genome ancestry of domestic chickens

Author

Lawal, Raman Akinyanju, primary, Martin, Simon H., additional, Vanmechelen, Koen, additional, Vereijken, Addie, additional, Silva, Pradeepa, additional, Al-Atiyat, Raed Mahmoud, additional, Aljumaah, Riyadh Salah, additional, Mwacharo, Joram M., additional, Wu, Dong-Dong, additional, Zhang, Ya-Ping, additional, Hocking, Paul M., additional, Smith, Jacqueline, additional, Wragg, David, additional, and Hanotte, Olivier, additional

Published
2019
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17. Changes in muscle cell cation regulation and meat quality traits are associated with genetic selection for high body weight and meat yield in broiler chickens

Author

Barker Zoe E, Sandercock Dale A, Mitchell Malcolm A, and Hocking Paul M

Subjects
Animal culture, SF1-1100, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Between-breed genetic variation for muscle and meat quality traits was determined at eight weeks of age in 34 lines of purebred commercial broiler and layer lines and traditional breeds (categories) of chickens. Between-breed genetic variation for plasma ion concentrations and element concentration in muscle dry matter and ash were determined. Plasma from broilers had higher concentrations of Na+, K+, Mg++, total and free Ca++ and lower free:total Ca++ than plasma from layer and traditional lines. Muscle from broilers contained more Na and higher concentrations of K, Mg and Ca per mg of ash but not of dry matter compared with layer and traditional lines. In comparison with layer and traditional lines, broiler genotypes were over three times heavier, their plasma creatine kinase activity (CK), a marker of muscle tissue damage, was higher, their breast muscle colour was lighter (L*) and less red (a*) and yellow (b*) in appearance, the initial and final pH of their muscles were lower, the pH change was higher and their breast muscle was more tender. Thus, genetic selection for broiler traits has markedly altered cation regulation in muscle cells and may be associated with changes in muscle cell function and the development of pathology and meat quality problems.

Published
2009
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18. Development of a chicken 5 K microarray targeted towards immune function

Author

Schijns Virgil EJC, Degen Winfried GJ, Talbot Richard T, Hocking Paul M, Speed David, Smith Jacqueline, Glass Elizabeth J, and Burt David W

Subjects
Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Background The development of microarray resources for the chicken is an important step in being able to profile gene expression changes occurring in birds in response to different challenges and stimuli. The creation of an immune-related array is highly valuable in determining the host immune response in relation to infection with a wide variety of bacterial and viral diseases. Results Here we report the development of chicken immune-related cDNA libraries and the subsequent construction of a microarray containing 5190 elements (in duplicate). Clones on the array originate from tissues known to contain high levels of cells related to the immune system, namely Bursa, Peyers patch, thymus and spleen. Represented on the array are genes that are known to cluster with existing chicken ESTs as well as genes that are unique to our libraries. Some of these genes have no known homologies and represent novel genes in the chicken collection. A series of reference genes (ie. genes of known immune function) are also present on the array. Functional annotation data is also provided for as many of the genes on the array as is possible. Conclusion Six new chicken immune cDNA libraries have been created and nearly 10,000 sequences submitted to GenBank [GenBank: AM063043-AM071350; AM071520-AM072286; AM075249-AM075607]. A 5 K immune-related array has been developed from these libraries. Individual clones and arrays are available from the ARK-Genomics resource centre.

Published
2006
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19. Dissecting the Genomic Architecture of Resistance to Eimeria maxima Parasitism in the Chicken

Author

Boulton, Kay, primary, Nolan, Matthew J., additional, Wu, Zhiguang, additional, Riggio, Valentina, additional, Matika, Oswald, additional, Harman, Kimberley, additional, Hocking, Paul M., additional, Bumstead, Nat, additional, Hesketh, Pat, additional, Archer, Andrew, additional, Bishop, Stephen C., additional, Kaiser, Pete, additional, Tomley, Fiona M., additional, Hume, David A., additional, Smith, Adrian L., additional, Blake, Damer P., additional, and Psifidi, Androniki, additional

Published
2018
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20. A new look at the LTR retrotransposon content of the chicken genome

Author

Mason, Andrew S, Fulton, Janet E, Hocking, Paul M, and Burt, David W

Subjects
LocaTR identification pipeline, ERV, Endogenous retrovirus, Genetics, LTR retrotransposon, Chicken, Biotechnology
Abstract

BACKGROUND: LTR retrotransposons contribute approximately 10 % of the mammalian genome, but it has been previously reported that there is a deficit of these elements in the chicken relative to both mammals and other birds. A novel LTR retrotransposon classification pipeline, LocaTR, was developed and subsequently utilised to re-examine the chicken LTR retrotransposon annotation, and determine if the proposed chicken deficit is biologically accurate or simply a technical artefact.RESULTS: Using LocaTR 3.01 % of the chicken galGal4 genome assembly was annotated as LTR retrotransposon-derived elements (nearly double the previous annotation), including 1,073 that were structurally intact. Element distribution is significantly correlated with chromosome size and is non-random within each chromosome. Elements are significantly depleted within coding regions and enriched in gene sparse areas of the genome. Over 40 % of intact elements are found in clusters, unrelated by age or genera, generally in poorly recombining regions. The transcription of most LTR retrotransposons were suppressed or incomplete, but individual domain and full length retroviral transcripts were produced in some cases, although mostly with regularly interspersed stop codons in all reading frames. Furthermore, RNAseq data from 23 diverse tissues enabled greater characterisation of the co-opted endogenous retrovirus Ovex1. This gene was shown to be expressed ubiquitously but at variable levels across different tissues. LTR retrotransposon content was found to be very variable across the avian lineage and did not correlate with either genome size or phylogenetic position. However, the extent of previous, species-specific LTR retrotransposon annotation appears to be a confounding factor.CONCLUSIONS: Use of the novel LocaTR pipeline has nearly doubled the annotated LTR retrotransposon content of the chicken genome compared to previous estimates. Further analysis has described element distribution, clustering patterns and degree of expression in a variety of adult tissues, as well as in three embryonic stages. This study also enabled better characterisation of the co-opted gamma retroviral envelope gene Ovex1. Additionally, this work suggests that there is no deficit of LTR retrotransposons within the Galliformes relative to other birds, or to mammalian genomes when scaled for the three-fold difference in genome size.

Published
2016

24. Behavioural consequences of visual deprivation occurring at hatch or in the early life of chickens

Author

Hocking, Paul M., Haldane, Kirsty-Anne, Davidson, Emma M., Sandøe, Peter, Kristensen, Helle Halkjær, Hocking, Paul M., Haldane, Kirsty-Anne, Davidson, Emma M., Sandøe, Peter, and Kristensen, Helle Halkjær

Abstract

The development of behaviour in a line of chickens that are born sighted (rdd) but turn blind after hatching was compared with a line that is blind at hatch (beg) and with sighted White Leghorn controls (WL) to test the hypothesis that birds that become blind later in their life will show characteristic behaviours of both blind and sighted birds. Individual behaviour, group aggregation and behavioural synchrony were compared at 1, 5 and 9 weeks of age (experiment 1) and in the parents of these chicks at 9–13 months of age (experiment 2). Responses to visual and physical isolation were assessed at 1, 5 and 9 weeks. Analyses of home-pen behaviour showed that both rdd and beg had difficulty locating or consuming food during the first week of life. WL and rdd did not engage in abnormal behaviour (circle walking, air pecking, star gazing) at 1, 5 and 9 weeks whereas both beg and rdd adults did so. At 9 weeks beg and rdd birds showed decreased behavioural synchrony compared with WL, whereas group aggregation in rdd and WL was similar and higher than in beg. WL adults showed increased environmental pecking and higher rates of behavioural synchrony and group aggregation than both beg and rdd. Under visual isolation from conspecifics rdd chicks behaved like blind birds in some respects (e.g. decreased movement) and as sighted birds in others (e.g. peeping). The vision of rdd was apparently diminished compared with sighted controls (WL) even from an early age. It was concluded that abnormal behaviours are a response to a complete loss of vision regardless of initial sight. Birds that became blind during rearing (rdd) may be more active as adults than birds that were blind throughout life but in general the behaviour of blind birds was similar regardless of early sight., The development of behaviour in a line of chickens that are born sighted (rdd) but turn blind after hatching was compared with a line that is blind at hatch (beg) and with sighted White Leghorn controls (WL) to test the hypothesis that birds that become blind later in their life will show characteristic behaviours of both blind and sighted birds. Individual behaviour, group aggregation and behavioural synchrony were compared at 1, 5 and 9 weeks of age (experiment 1) and in the parents of these chicks at 9–13 months of age (experiment 2). Responses to visual and physical isolation were assessed at 1, 5 and 9 weeks. Analyses of home-pen behaviour showed that both rdd and beg had difficulty locating or consuming food during the first week of life. WL and rdd did not engage in abnormal behaviour (circle walking, air pecking, star gazing) at 1, 5 and 9 weeks whereas both beg and rdd adults did so. At 9 weeks beg and rdd birds showed decreased behavioural synchrony compared with WL, whereas group aggregation in rdd and WL was similar and higher than in beg. WL adults showed increased environmental pecking and higher rates of behavioural synchrony and group aggregation than both beg and rdd. Under visual isolation from conspecifics rdd chicks behaved like blind birds in some respects (e.g. decreased movement) and as sighted birds in others (e.g. peeping). The vision of rdd was apparently diminished compared with sighted controls (WL) even from an early age. It was concluded that abnormal behaviours are a response to a complete loss of vision regardless of initial sight. Birds that became blind during rearing (rdd) may be more active as adults than birds that were blind throughout life but in general the behaviour of blind birds was similar regardless of early sight.

Published
2015

27. The blind hens’ challenge:does it undermine the view that only welfare matters in our dealings with animals?

Author

Sandøe, Peter, Hocking, Paul M., Forkman, Björn, Haldane, Kirsty, Kristensen, Helle Halkjær, Palmer, Clare, Sandøe, Peter, Hocking, Paul M., Forkman, Björn, Haldane, Kirsty, Kristensen, Helle Halkjær, and Palmer, Clare

Abstract

Animal ethicists have recently debated the ethical questions raised by disenhancing animals to improve their welfare. Here, we focus on the particular case of breeding blind hens for commercial egg-laying systems, in order to benefit their welfare. Many people find breeding blind hens intuitively repellent, yet 'welfare-only' positions appear to be committed to endorsing this possibility if it produces welfare gains. We call this the 'Blind Hens' Challenge'. In this paper, we argue that there are both empirical and theoretical reasons why even those adopting 'welfare-only' views should be concerned about breeding blind hens. But we also argue that alternative views, which (for example) claim that it is important to respect the telos or rights of an animal, do not offer a more convincing solution to questions raised by the possibility of disenhancing animals for their own benefit., Animal ethicists have recently debated the ethical questions raised by disenhancing animals to improve their welfare. Here, we focus on the particular case of breeding blind hens for commercial egg-laying systems, in order to benefit their welfare. Many people find breeding blind hens intuitively repellent, yet 'welfare-only' positions appear to be committed to endorsing this possibility if it produces welfare gains. We call this the 'Blind Hens' Challenge'. In this paper, we argue that there are both empirical and theoretical reasons why even those adopting 'welfare-only' views should be concerned about breeding blind hens. But we also argue that alternative views, which (for example) claim that it is important to respect the telos or rights of an animal, do not offer a more convincing solution to questions raised by the possibility of disenhancing animals for their own benefit.

Published
2014

28. Effets of genotype and feed restriction on the time-budgets of broiler breeders at different ages

Author

Puterflam, Julie, Merlet, François, Faure, Jean Michel, Hocking, Paul M., Picard, Michel, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Roslin Institute

Subjects
FEEDING BEHAVIOUR, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, BROILER BREEDERS, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, FEED RESTRICTION, POULET DE CHAIR, GENOTYPE, SCAN SAMPLING
Abstract

International audience

Published
2006

29. Analysis of the rdd locus in chicken:a model for human retinitis pigmentosa

Author

Burt, David W, Morrice, David R, Lester, Douglas H, Robertson, Graeme W, Mohamed, Moin D, Simmons, Ian, Downey, Louise M, Thaung, Caroline, Bridges, Leslie R, Paton, Ian R, Gentle, Mike, Smith, Jacqueline, Hocking, Paul M, and Inglehearn, Chris F

Subjects
animal structures
Abstract

To identify the locus responsible for the blind mutation rdd (retinal dysplasia and degeneration) in chickens and to further characterise the rdd phenotype.

Published
2003

30. Mapping quantitative trait loci and identification of genes that control fatness in poultry

Author

Burt, David W and Hocking, Paul M

Subjects
Body Composition/genetics, Chickens/genetics, Adipose Tissue, Quantitative Trait Loci, Animals, Chromosome Mapping
Abstract

Chicken genomics has benefited from the rapid technological advances in the genomics of model organisms and man. A number of resources and approaches are now well established, in the chicken, including genetic markers and maps (both genetic and physical), quantitative trait loci mapping, comparative mapping, expressed sequence tag and bacterial artificial chromosome resources, and physical mapping. In addition, the next phase of gene discovery, functional genomics, is underway. Progress in mapping quantitative trait loci for growth and fatness traits will be discussed, as an application of these new technologies and approaches in the study of avian physiology and genetics.

Published
2002

34. Decreased expression of the satiety signal receptor CCKAR is responsible for increased growth and body weight during the domestication of chickens

Author

Dunn, Ian C., primary, Meddle, Simone L., additional, Wilson, Peter W., additional, Wardle, Chloe A., additional, Law, Andy S., additional, Bishop, Valerie R., additional, Hindar, Camilla, additional, Robertson, Graeme W., additional, Burt, Dave W., additional, Ellison, Stephanie J. H., additional, Morrice, David M., additional, and Hocking, Paul M., additional

Published
2013
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36. Development of a high density 600K SNP genotyping array for chicken

Author

Kranis, Andreas, primary, Gheyas, Almas A, additional, Boschiero, Clarissa, additional, Turner, Frances, additional, Yu, Le, additional, Smith, Sarah, additional, Talbot, Richard, additional, Pirani, Ali, additional, Brew, Fiona, additional, Kaiser, Pete, additional, Hocking, Paul M, additional, Fife, Mark, additional, Salmon, Nigel, additional, Fulton, Janet, additional, Strom, Tim M, additional, Haberer, Georg, additional, Weigend, Steffen, additional, Preisinger, Rudolf, additional, Gholami, Mahmood, additional, Qanbari, Saber, additional, Simianer, Henner, additional, Watson, Kellie A, additional, Woolliams, John A, additional, and Burt, David W, additional

Published
2013
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38. A genetic variation map for chicken with 2.8 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms.

Author

Wong, Gane Ka-Shu, Liu, Bin, Wang, Jun, Zhang, Yong, Yang, Xu, Zhang, Zengjin, Meng, Qingshun, Zhou, Jun, Li, Dawei, Zhang, Jingjing, Ni, Peixiang, Li, Songgang, Ran, Longhua, Li, Heng, Zhang, Jianguo, Li, Ruiqiang, Li, Shengting, Zheng, Hongkun, Lin, Wei, Li, Guangyuan, Wang, Xiaoling, Zhao, Wenming, Li, Jun, Ye, Chen, Dai, Mingtao, Ruan, Jue, Zhou, Yan, Li, Yuanzhe, He, Ximiao, Zhang, Yunze, Wang, Jing, Huang, Xiangang, Tong, Wei, Chen, Jie, Ye, Jia, Chen, Chen, Wei, Ning, Li, Guoqing, Dong, Le, Lan, Fengdi, Sun, Yongqiao, Zhang, Zhenpeng, Yang, Zheng, Yu, Yingpu, Huang, Yanqing, He, Dandan, Xi, Yan, Wei, Dong, Qi, Qiuhui, Li, Wenjie, Shi, Jianping, Wang, Miaoheng, Xie, Fei, Wang, Jianjun, Zhang, Xiaowei, Wang, Pei, Zhao, Yiqiang, Li, Ning, Yang, Ning, Dong, Wei, Hu, Songnian, Zeng, Changqing, Zheng, Weimou, Hao, Bailin, Hillier, Ladeana W, Yang, Shiaw-Pyng, Warren, Wesley C, Wilson, Richard K, Brandström, Mikael, Ellegren, Hans, Crooijmans, Richard P M A, van der Poel, Jan J, Bovenhuis, Henk, Groenen, Martien A M, Ovcharenko, Ivan, Gordon, Laurie, Stubbs, Lisa, Lucas, Susan, Glavina, Tijana, Aerts, Andrea, Kaiser, Pete, Rothwell, Lisa, Young, John R, Rogers, Sally, Walker, Brian A, van Hateren, Andy, Kaufman, Jim, Bumstead, Nat, Lamont, Susan J, Zhou, Huaijun, Hocking, Paul M, Morrice, David, de Koning, Dirk-Jan, Law, Andy, Bartley, Neil, Burt, David W, Hunt, Henry, Cheng, Hans H, Gunnarsson, Ulrika, Wahlberg, Per, Andersson, Leif, Kindlund, Ellen, Tammi, Martti T, Andersson, Björn, Webber, Caleb, Ponting, Chris P, Overton, Ian M, Boardman, Paul E, Tang, Haizhou, Hubbard, Simon J, Wilson, Stuart A, Yu, Jun, Wang, Jian, Yang, Huanming, Wong, Gane Ka-Shu, Liu, Bin, Wang, Jun, Zhang, Yong, Yang, Xu, Zhang, Zengjin, Meng, Qingshun, Zhou, Jun, Li, Dawei, Zhang, Jingjing, Ni, Peixiang, Li, Songgang, Ran, Longhua, Li, Heng, Zhang, Jianguo, Li, Ruiqiang, Li, Shengting, Zheng, Hongkun, Lin, Wei, Li, Guangyuan, Wang, Xiaoling, Zhao, Wenming, Li, Jun, Ye, Chen, Dai, Mingtao, Ruan, Jue, Zhou, Yan, Li, Yuanzhe, He, Ximiao, Zhang, Yunze, Wang, Jing, Huang, Xiangang, Tong, Wei, Chen, Jie, Ye, Jia, Chen, Chen, Wei, Ning, Li, Guoqing, Dong, Le, Lan, Fengdi, Sun, Yongqiao, Zhang, Zhenpeng, Yang, Zheng, Yu, Yingpu, Huang, Yanqing, He, Dandan, Xi, Yan, Wei, Dong, Qi, Qiuhui, Li, Wenjie, Shi, Jianping, Wang, Miaoheng, Xie, Fei, Wang, Jianjun, Zhang, Xiaowei, Wang, Pei, Zhao, Yiqiang, Li, Ning, Yang, Ning, Dong, Wei, Hu, Songnian, Zeng, Changqing, Zheng, Weimou, Hao, Bailin, Hillier, Ladeana W, Yang, Shiaw-Pyng, Warren, Wesley C, Wilson, Richard K, Brandström, Mikael, Ellegren, Hans, Crooijmans, Richard P M A, van der Poel, Jan J, Bovenhuis, Henk, Groenen, Martien A M, Ovcharenko, Ivan, Gordon, Laurie, Stubbs, Lisa, Lucas, Susan, Glavina, Tijana, Aerts, Andrea, Kaiser, Pete, Rothwell, Lisa, Young, John R, Rogers, Sally, Walker, Brian A, van Hateren, Andy, Kaufman, Jim, Bumstead, Nat, Lamont, Susan J, Zhou, Huaijun, Hocking, Paul M, Morrice, David, de Koning, Dirk-Jan, Law, Andy, Bartley, Neil, Burt, David W, Hunt, Henry, Cheng, Hans H, Gunnarsson, Ulrika, Wahlberg, Per, Andersson, Leif, Kindlund, Ellen, Tammi, Martti T, Andersson, Björn, Webber, Caleb, Ponting, Chris P, Overton, Ian M, Boardman, Paul E, Tang, Haizhou, Hubbard, Simon J, Wilson, Stuart A, Yu, Jun, Wang, Jian, and Yang, Huanming

Published
2004

40. MpdzNull Allele in an Avian Model of Retinal Degeneration and Mutations in Human Leber Congenital Amaurosis and Retinitis Pigmentosa

Author

Ali, Manir, primary, Hocking, Paul M., additional, McKibbin, Martin, additional, Finnegan, Sorcha, additional, Shires, Mike, additional, Poulter, James A., additional, Prescott, Katrina, additional, Booth, Adam, additional, Raashid, Yasmin, additional, Jafri, Hussain, additional, Ruddle, Jonathan B., additional, Mackey, David A., additional, Jacobson, Samuel G., additional, Toomes, Carmel, additional, Lester, Douglas H., additional, Burt, David W., additional, Curry, William J., additional, and Inglehearn, Chris F., additional

Published
2011
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49. Muscle protein degradation assessed by Nt-methylhistidine excretion in mature White Leghorn, dwarf broiler and normal broiler males maintained on either low- or high-protein die

Author

Hocking, Paul M and Saunderson, CL

Subjects
Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage, Male, Chickens/metabolism, Time Factors, Dietary Proteins/metabolism, Body Weight, Methylhistidines/urine, Animals, Muscle Proteins/metabolism
Abstract

Protein degradation rates were assessed by the excretion of Nt-methylhistidine (NtMH) in four strains of mature chickens, two White Leghorns and two broilers (dwarf and normal), fed on diets containing two levels of dietary protein. Over 0.9 of labelled NtMH was recovered within 7 d of injection from three White Leghorn, three dwarf and three normal broiler males. Protein degradation, measured by NtMH output, was related to adult body-weight by the power 0.71 and strain intercepts were significantly different. Strain differences disappeared when the rate of output of NtMH per unit lean was evaluated. The rate of output of NtMH per unit muscle was higher in birds fed on a low-protein diet of 100 g crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25; CP)/kg compared with males fed on 150 g CP/kg. It was concluded that the lower rate of protein degradation in broiler compared with layer strains at young ages is related to increased adult body-weight in agreement with well-established biological principles.

Published
1992

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