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Background and aims: General guideline recommendations in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) include blood pressure-, temperature- and glucose management. The therapeutic effect of such a "care bundle" (blood pressure lowering, glycemic control, and treatment of pyrexia) on clinical outcomes becomes increasingly established. For the present study, we aimed to investigate associations of strict bundled care treatment (BCT) with clinical outcomes and characterize associations with key outcome effectors such as hematoma enlargement (HE) and peak perihemorrhagic edema (PHE). Methods: We screened consecutive ICH patients (n = 1,322) from the prospective UKER-ICH cohort study. BCT was defined as achieving and maintaining therapeutic ranges for systolic blood pressure (110-160 mmHg), glucose (80-180 mg/dL), and body temperature (35.5-37.5°C) over the first 72 h. The primary outcome was the functional outcome at 12 months (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0-3). Secondary outcomes included mortality at 12 months, the occurrence of hematoma enlargement, and the development of peak perihemorrhagic edema. Confounding was addressed by a doubly robust methodology to calculate the absolute treatment effect (ATE) and by calculating e-values. Results: A total of 681 patients remained for analysis, and 182 patients fulfilled all three BCT criteria and were compared to 499 controls. The ATE of BCT to achieve the primary outcome was 9.3%, 95% CI (1.7 to 16.9), p < 0.001; e-value: 3.1, CI (1.8). Mortality at 12 months was significantly reduced by BCT [ATE: -12.8%, 95% CI (-19.8 to -5.7), p < 0.001; e-value: 3.8, CI (2.2)], and no association was observed for HE or peak PHE. Significant drivers of BCT effect on the primary outcome were systolic blood pressure control (ATE: 15.9%) and maintenance of normothermia (ATE: 10.9%). Conclusion: Strict adherence to this "care bundle" over the first 72 h during acute hospital care in patients with ICH was independently associated with improved functional long-term outcome, driven by systolic blood pressure control and maintenance of normothermia. Our findings strongly warrant prospective validation to determine the generalizability especially in Western countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While charities typically use the same messaging when appealing to consumers on their smartphones and PCs, this approach may backfire. Across three studies, we find consumers are less likely to donate on their smartphones (vs. PCs), a phenomenon we call the mobile giving gap. In study 1, we demonstrate that consumers are less willing to donate real money to a charitable organization. In study 2, we provide process support and demonstrate that the focal effect is mediated by other‐focus. Finally, a field experiment using Google display ads (study 3) replicates the focal effect and demonstrates that the negative impact of smartphones is attenuated when the appeal explicitly focuses on others (vs. the self). This study not only provides additional process support, but also suggests an easily implementable strategy that charities can use to close the mobile giving gap. Taken together, our findings offer theoretical insights related to the mobile mindset and its impact on consumer behavior and highlight that charities should tailor their donation appeals based on device type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Hematoma expansion (HE) is the most important therapeutic target during acute care of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Imaging biomarkers such as non-contrast CT (NCCT) markers have been associated with increasing risk for HE. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of NCCT markers with functional long-term outcome and with HE in patients with deep (basal ganglia and thalamus) ICH who represent an important subgroup of patients at the highest risk for functional deterioration with HE due to the eloquence of the affected brain region. Methods: From our prospective institutional database, all patients maximally treated with deep ICH were included and retrospectively analyzed. NCCT markers were recorded at diagnostic imaging, ICH volume characteristics were volumetrically evaluated, and all patients received follow-up imaging within 0-48 h. We explored associations of NCCT makers with unfavorable functional outcome, defined as modified Rankin scale 4-6, after 12 months and with HE. Bias and confounding were addressed by multivariable regression modeling. Results: In 322 patients with deep ICH, NCCT markers were distributed as follows: irregular shape: 69.6%, heterogenous density: 55.9%, hypodensities: 52.5%, island sign: 19.3%, black hole sign: 11.5%, and blend sign: 4.7%. Upon multivariable regression analyses, independent associations were documented with the functional outcome for irregular shape (aOR: 2.73, 95%CI: 1.42-5.22, p = 0.002), heterogenous density (aOR: 2.62, 95%CI: 1.40-4.90, p = 0.003) and island sign (aOR: 2.54, 95%CI: 1.05-6.14, p = 0.038), and with HE for heterogenous density (aOR: 5.01, 95%CI: 1.93-13.05, p = 0.001) and hypodensities (aOR: 3.75, 95%CI: 1.63-8.62, p = 0.002). Conclusion: NCCT markers are frequent in deep ICH patients and provide important clinical implications. Specifically, markers defined by diverging intrahematomal densities provided associations with a 5-times higher risk for HE and a 2.5-times higher likelihood for unfavorable functional long-term outcome. Hence, these markers allow the identification of patients with deep ICH at high risk for clinical deterioration due to HE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to re‐evaluate risk factors for post‐ICH epilepsy (PICHE) and examine the impact of surgical hematoma evacuation on epilepsy development after ICH. Background and purpose: Epilepsy is a common complication after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Information on risk factors is still scarce and the role of ICH evacuation remains uncertain. Methods: We retrospectively included patients with spontaneous ICH treated in our hospital in 2006–2019. Patients' medical records were analyzed. In addition, mailed questionnaires and telephone interviews were used to complete the dataset. Uni‐ and multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) were applied to investigate risk factors for PICHE and the impact of surgical ICH evacuation. Results: Among 587 ICH patients available for analyses, 139 (23.7%) developed PICHE (mean follow‐up 1795 ± 1378 days). The median time of epilepsy onset was 7 months after ICH (range 1–132 months). Risk factors associated with PICHE were cortical hemorrhage (multivariable HR 1.65 [95% CI 1.14–2.37]; p = 0.008), ICH volume > 10 ml (multivariable HR 1.91 [95% CI 1.33–2.73]; p < 0.001) and acute symptomatic seizures (multivariable HR 1.81 [95% CI 1.20–2.75]; p = 0.005). Patients with cortical ICH > 10 ml who underwent surgical hematoma evacuation were less likely to develop epilepsy than those with conservative treatment alone (multivariable HR 0.26 [95% CI 0.08–0.84]; p = 0.025). Conclusions: Post‐ICH epilepsy is frequent and predicted by large cortical ICH and acute symptomatic seizures. Hematoma evacuation reduced the risk of PICHE by more than 70% in patients with large cortical ICH. This finding could be considered in the clinical decision making on the acute treatment of ICH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promotional games are used frequently in retail stores and online. While prior literature has focused on antecedents of promotional games, such as how individual differences induce game participation, little is known about post-winning decision making or its underlying processes. This study offers findings from seven studies to provide a detailed perspective on how promotional games increase consumer conversion rates and spending. The effect of winning a discount on conversion rates and spending is multiply determined and occurs via perceptions of luck and store affective attitude, and via perceptions of luck alone and store affective attitude alone. In order to get a more nuanced understanding of the underlying processes and to delineate theoretically driven boundary conditions for this novel effect, the authors subsequently analyze the two individual pathways through perceptions of luck and store affective attitude in isolation. Thereby, they contribute to the literature on pricing and promotions by providing a detailed understanding on how winning a promotional discount leads to a different set of consumer inferences relative to an equivalent straight discount, and to the literature on the role of luck in consumer behavior by providing a nuanced understanding of how luck operates in this common consumer context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contrary to the common belief that having more time facilitates goal pursuit by allowing for more flexibility and fewer restrictions, the current work argues that long deadlines may produce unintended detrimental consequences on goal pursuit. In particular, this research identifies a mere deadline effect, showing that longer versus shorter deadlines, once imposed, lead consumers to infer that the focal goal is more difficult, even when the deadline length results from incidental factors that cannot be meaningfully used to make any other diagnostic inferences about the task itself besides completion frame. Further, these difficulty inferences consequently lead consumers to commit more resources (e.g. time and money). Thus, while long incidental deadlines might be beneficial for essential yet often underestimated aspects of long-term well-being (e.g. when consumers exert more effort to save for college and plan for retirement), the unintended difficulty perception arising from deadline length will sometimes sabotage goal pursuit (e.g. when consumers commit more resources that are beyond their capability, and when elevated resource estimates lead to increased procrastination and higher likelihood of quitting). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Summary: Prior crisis‐response literature outlines zones of conformity (i.e., response meets stakeholder expectations), underconformity (i.e., response falls short of expectations), and overconformity (i.e., response exceeds expectations). We utilize a mixed‐method approach to empirically test the impact of different response strategies on customers (Study 1: experiment) and investors (Study 2: event study). We not only find empirical support that a conforming strategy outperforms both nonconforming strategies concerning stakeholders' affective evaluations of reputation, but extend this proposition to stakeholders' cognitive evaluations of reputation and the financial implications for the firm. The most counterintuitive finding is that overconforming strategies result in lower firm reputation and stock returns relative to conforming strategies. Thus, exceeding stakeholder expectations during a crisis can have unintended negative consequences. Managerial Summary: How should firms react to product recalls? Previous research suggests that exceeding expectations of external stakeholders should have a neutral or even positive impact on firm reputation and financial performance, while falling short of expectations should have a negative impact. In this article, we test the impact of different product recall strategies. The most counterintuitive finding is that exceeding stakeholder expectations during a product crisis can have unintended negative consequences on both customers and investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]