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252 results on '"Hoch, Stephan"'

29. Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck—A Retrospective Single-Centre Comparison of the Recurrence Rate after R0 or R1 Resection.

Author

Stankovic, Petar, Bock, Robert, Rudhart, Stefan A., Hoch, Stephan, and Wilhelm, Thomas

Subjects
BASAL cell carcinoma, SURGICAL excision, NECK, STANDARD operating procedure, SURGICAL margin, MOHS surgery, FREE flaps
Abstract

The treatment guidelines for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) postulate complete surgical excision using microscopically controlled resection (MOHS) as the gold standard. The need to obtain a small safety margin in the complex anatomical area of the head and neck is very challenging due to the individual characteristics (localization, histology, and size) of tumors and the fact that the postoperative loss of quality of life depends on the surgical defect size. The R1 status is histopathologically defined when the safety margin is less than 1 mm even if there are no tumor cells actually infiltrating the resection margin. Therefore, some studies have already favored a watch-and-wait-strategy in R1 situations. We aimed to evaluate the outcome and recurrence rate of resected BCCs of the head and neck, especially in a histologically proven R1 situation. The outcomes of all resected BCCs observed during a 5-year period (January 2009–December 2013) in a tertiary care center were analyzed. Our standard operating procedure was microscopically controlled surgical excision with reresections until an R0 situation was achieved. In selected patients, an R1 status has been accepted after at least two resections. From the included 191 BCCs, the R1 status was accepted as the final result in 46 (24.1%) cases which had surgically clear margins and were closely followed-up. From 54 patients in the R0 and 40 patients in the R1 group who completed the follow-up (2.4 ± 0.4 years), we observed 0 and 2 local recurrences, respectively (p = 0.19). In cases where frequent follow-up can be secured and the surgical area is delicate, a surgical closure at R1 status can be justified as the recurrence rate is not significantly higher compared with R0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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39. Governance of Fragmented Compliance and Voluntary Carbon Markets Under the Paris Agreement

Author

Ahonen, Hanna-Mari, Kessler, Juliana, Michaelowa, Axel, Espelage, Aglaja, Hoch, Stephan, University of Zurich, and Michaelowa, Axel

Subjects
Governance, emissions trading, Public Administration, Sociology and Political Science, Politikwissenschaft, 3321 Public Administration, Energiepolitik, climate protection, climate policy, Article 6, Clean Development Mechanism, Paris Agreement, baseline-and-credit system, double counting, environmental integrity, frag-mentation, governance, voluntary carbon markets, Special areas of Departmental Policy, spezielle Ressortpolitik, Emission, Klimapolitik, 3312 Sociology and Political Science, 320 Political science, ddc:320, Klimaschutz, international agreement, 10113 Institute of Political Science, EU, Emissionshandel, Political science, internationales Abkommen, energy policy
Abstract

Over the past two decades, the emergence of multiple carbon market segments has led to fragmentation of governance of international carbon markets. International baseline-and-credit systems for greenhouse gas mitigation have been repeatedly expected to wither away, but show significant resilience. Still, Parties to the Paris Agreement have struggled to finalize rules for market-based cooperation under Article 6, which are still being negotiated. Generally, there is tension between international top-down and bottom-up governance. The former was pioneered through the Clean Development Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol and is likely to be utilized for the Article 6.4 mechanism, while the latter was used for the first track of Joint Implementation and will be applied for Article 6.2. Voluntary carbon markets governed bottom-up and outside the Kyoto Protocol by private institutions have recently gained importance by offering complementary project types and methodological approaches. The clear intention of some Parties to use market-based cooperation in order to reach their nationally determined contributions to the Paris Agreement have led to an ongoing process of navigating the alignment of these fragmented carbon market instruments with the implementation of nationally determined contributions and Paris Agreement’s governance architecture. We discuss emerging features of international carbon market governance in the public and private domain, including political and technical issues. Fragmented governance is characterized by different degrees of transparency, centralization, and scales. We assess the crunch issues in the Article 6 negotiations through the lens of these governance features and their effectiveness, focusing on governance principles and their operationalization to ensure environmental integrity and avoid double counting.

Published
2022

43. Article 6 readiness in updated and second NDCs

Author

Michaelowa, Axel, Espelage, Aglaja, 't Gildde, Lieke, Krämer, Nicole, Censkowsky, Philipp, Greiner, Sandra, Ahonen, Hanna-Mari, Victoria, Gema Andreo, Hoch, Stephan, Ombuya, Sherri, Dalfiume, Sandra, and University of Zurich

Subjects
320 Political science, 10113 Institute of Political Science
Published
2021

49. Promoting Article 6 readiness in NDCs and NDC implementation plans

Author

Michaelowa, Axel, Espelage, Aglaja, t'Gilde, Lieke, Dalfiume, Sandra, Krämer, Nicole, Censkowsky, Philipp, Greiner, Sandra, Ahonen, Hanna-Mari, De Lorenzo, Federico, Hoch, Stephan, University of Zurich, and Perspectives Climate Group, Freiburg

Subjects
320 Political science, 10113 Institute of Political Science
Published
2021

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