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1. Upper limits on the strength of periodic gravitational waves from PSR J1939+2134

Author: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK, LIGO—California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, LIGO—Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL 32611, USA, The University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Southmost College, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, Albert Einstein Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30157 Hannover, Germany, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA, LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747, USA, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA, Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA, LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA, Albert Einstein Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF2 3YB, UK, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK, Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748, Garching, Germany; Albert Einstein Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30157 Hannover, Germany, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan, Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany; Albert Einstein Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30157 Hannover, Germany, Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia, Loyola University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA, Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune - 411007, India, Salish Kootenai College, Pablo, MT 59855, USA, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456, USA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK; Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA, Albert Einstein Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany; Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF2 3YB, UK, Albert Einstein Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany; Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07071 Palma de Mallorca, Spain, Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, LIGO—California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA, Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748, Garching, Germany, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA 70402, USA, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA, Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany; Albert Einstein Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30157 Hannover, Germany; Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748, Garching, Germany, Ann Arbor, Allen, B., Woan, G., Abbott, B., Abbott, R., Adhikari, R., Amin, R., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Araya, M., Armandula, H., Finn, L S, Flanagan, É, Freise, A, Frey, Ray, Fritschel, P, Frolov, V V, Fyffe, M, Ganezer, K S, Giaime, J A, Gillespie, A, Asiri, F, Goda, K, González, G, Goßler, S., Grandclément, P, Grant, A, Gray, C, Gretarsson, A M, Grimmett, D, Grote, H, Grunewald, S, Aufmuth, P, Guenther, M, Gustafson, E, Gustafson, R, Hamilton, W O, Hammond, M, Hanson, J, Hardham, C, Harry, G, Hartunian, A, Heefner, J, Aulbert, C, Hefetz, Y, Heinzel, G, Heng, I S, Hennessy, M, Hepler, N, Heptonstall, A, Heurs, M, Hewitson, M, Hindman, N, Hoang, P, Babak, S, Hough, J, Hrynevych, M, Hua, W, Ingley, R, Ito, M., Itoh, Y, Ivanov, A, Jennrich, O, Johnson, W. W., Johnston, W, Balasubramanian, R, Jones, L., Jungwirth, D, Kalogera, V, Katsavounidis, E., Kawabe, K, Kawamura, S, Kells, W, Kern, J, Khan, A, Killbourn, S, Ballmer, S, Killow, C J, Kim, C., King, C., King, P, Klimenko, S, Kloevekorn, P, Koranda, S, Kötter, K, Kovalik, J, Kozak, D, Barish, B. C., Krishnan, B, Landry, M, Langdale, J, Lantz, B, Lawrence, R., Lazzarini, A, Lei, M, Leonhardt, V, Leonor, I, Libbrecht, K, Barker, D, Lindquist, P, Liu, S., Logan, J, Lormand, M, Lubinski, M, Lück, H, Lyons, T. T., Machenschalk, B, MacInnis, M, Mageswaran, M, Barker-Patton, C, Mailand, K, Majid, W, Malec, M, Mann, F, Marin, A., Márka, S, Maros, E, Mason, J., Mason, K., Matherny, O, Barnes, M, Matone, L, Mavalvala, N, McCarthy, R, McClelland, D E, McHugh, M, McNamara, P, Mendell, G, Meshkov, S, Messenger, C, Mitselmakher, G, Barr, B, Mittleman, R, Miyakawa, O, Miyoki, S, Mohanty, S, Moreno, G, Mossavi, K, Mours, B, Mueller, G, Mukherjee, S, Myers, J., Barton, M A, Nagano, S, Nash, T, Naundorf, H, Nayak, R, Newton, G, Nocera, F, Nutzman, P, Olson, T, O'Reilly, B., Ottaway, D J, Bayer, K, Ottewill, A, Ouimette, D, Overmier, H, Owen, B J, Papa, M A, Parameswariah, C, Parameswariah, V, Pedraza, M, Penn, S, Pitkin, M, Beausoleil, R, Plissi, M, Pratt, M, Quetschke, V, Raab, F, Radkins, H, Rahkola, R, Rakhmanov, M, Rao, S. R., Redding, D, Regehr, M W, Belczynski, K, Regimbau, T, Reilly, K T, Reithmaier, K, Reitze, D H, Richman, S, Riesen, R, Riles, K, Rizzi, A, Robertson, D. I., Robertson, N A, Bennett, R, Robison, L, Roddy, S, Rollins, J, Romano, J D, Romie, J, Rong, H, Rose, D, Rotthoff, E, Rowan, S, Rüdiger, A, Berukoff, S J, Russell, P, Ryan, K., Salzman, I, Sanders, G. H., Sannibale, V, Sathyaprakash, B, Saulson, P R, Savage, R, Sazonov, A, Schilling, R, Betzwieser, J, Schlaufman, K, Schmidt, V, Schofield, R, Schrempel, M, Schutz, B F, Schwinberg, P, Scott, S. M., Searle, A C, Sears, B, Seel, S, Bhawal, B, Sengupta, A S, Shapiro, C A, Shawhan, P, Shoemaker, D H, Shu, Q Z, Sibley, A, Siemens, X, Sievers, L, Sigg, D, Sintes, A M, Billingsley, G, Skeldon, K, Smith, J. R., Smith, M, Smith, M. R., Sneddon, P, Spero, R, Stapfer, G, Strain, K A, Strom, D., Stuver, A, Black, E, Summerscales, T, Sumner, M C, Sutton, P. J., Sylvestre, J, Takamori, A, Tanner, D. B., Tariq, H, Taylor, I, Taylor, R., Thorne, K. S., Blackburn, K, Tibbits, M, Tilav, S, Tinto, M, Torres, C, Torrie, C, Traeger, S, Traylor, G, Tyler, W, Ugolini, D, Vallisneri, M, Bland-Weaver, B, Putten, M van, Vass, S, Vecchio, A, Vorvick, C, Wallace, L, Walther, H, Ward, H, Ware, B, Watts, K, Webber, D, Bochner, B, Weidner, A, Weiland, U, Weinstein, A., Weiss, R., Welling, H, Wen, L, Wen, S, Whelan, J T, Whitcomb, S E, Whiting, B F, Bogue, L, Willems, P. A., Williams, P. R., Williams, R., Willke, B, Wilson, A., Winjum, B J, Winkler, W, Wise, S, Wiseman, A G, Woan, G, Bork, R, Wooley, R, Worden, J, Yakushin, I, Yamamoto, H, Yoshida, S, Zawischa, I, Zhang, L, Zotov, N, Zucker, M, Zweizig, J, Bose, S, Brady, P R, Brau, J E, Brown, D A, Brozek, S, Bullington, A, Buonanno, A, Burgess, R, Busby, D, Butler, W E, Byer, R L, Cadonati, L, Cagnoli, G, Camp, J B, Cantley, C A, Cardenas, L, Carter, K, Casey, M M, Castiglione, J, Chandler, A, Chapsky, J, Charlton, P, Chatterji, S, Chen, Y, Chickarmane, V, Chin, D, Christensen, N, Churches, D, Colacino, C N, Coldwell, R, Coles, M, Cook, D, Corbitt, T, Coyne, D, Creighton, J D E, Creighton, T D, Crooks, D R M, Csatorday, P, Cusack, B J, Cutler, C, D'Ambrosio, E, Danzmann, K, Davies, R, Daw, E, DeBra, D, Delker, T, DeSalvo, R, Dhurandar, S, Díaz, M, Ding, H, Drever, R W P, Dupuis, R J, Ebeling, C, Edlund, J, Ehrens, P, Elliffe, E J, Etzel, T, Evans, M, Evans, T, Fallnich, C, Farnham, D, Fejer, M M, Fine, M, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK, LIGO—California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, LIGO—Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL 32611, USA, The University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Southmost College, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, Albert Einstein Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30157 Hannover, Germany, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA, LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747, USA, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA, Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA, LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA, Albert Einstein Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF2 3YB, UK, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK, Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748, Garching, Germany; Albert Einstein Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30157 Hannover, Germany, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan, Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany; Albert Einstein Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30157 Hannover, Germany, Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia, Loyola University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA, Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune - 411007, India, Salish Kootenai College, Pablo, MT 59855, USA, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456, USA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK; Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA, Albert Einstein Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany; Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF2 3YB, UK, Albert Einstein Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany; Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07071 Palma de Mallorca, Spain, Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, LIGO—California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA, Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748, Garching, Germany, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA 70402, USA, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA, Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany; Albert Einstein Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30157 Hannover, Germany; Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748, Garching, Germany, Ann Arbor, Allen, B., Woan, G., Abbott, B., Abbott, R., Adhikari, R., Amin, R., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Araya, M., Armandula, H., Finn, L S, Flanagan, É, Freise, A, Frey, Ray, Fritschel, P, Frolov, V V, Fyffe, M, Ganezer, K S, Giaime, J A, Gillespie, A, Asiri, F, Goda, K, González, G, Goßler, S., Grandclément, P, Grant, A, Gray, C, Gretarsson, A M, Grimmett, D, Grote, H, Grunewald, S, Aufmuth, P, Guenther, M, Gustafson, E, Gustafson, R, Hamilton, W O, Hammond, M, Hanson, J, Hardham, C, Harry, G, Hartunian, A, Heefner, J, Aulbert, C, Hefetz, Y, Heinzel, G, Heng, I S, Hennessy, M, Hepler, N, Heptonstall, A, Heurs, M, Hewitson, M, Hindman, N, Hoang, P, Babak, S, Hough, J, Hrynevych, M, Hua, W, Ingley, R, Ito, M., Itoh, Y, Ivanov, A, Jennrich, O, Johnson, W. W., Johnston, W, Balasubramanian, R, Jones, L., Jungwirth, D, Kalogera, V, Katsavounidis, E., Kawabe, K, Kawamura, S, Kells, W, Kern, J, Khan, A, Killbourn, S, Ballmer, S, Killow, C J, Kim, C., King, C., King, P, Klimenko, S, Kloevekorn, P, Koranda, S, Kötter, K, Kovalik, J, Kozak, D, Barish, B. C., Krishnan, B, Landry, M, Langdale, J, Lantz, B, Lawrence, R., Lazzarini, A, Lei, M, Leonhardt, V, Leonor, I, Libbrecht, K, Barker, D, Lindquist, P, Liu, S., Logan, J, Lormand, M, Lubinski, M, Lück, H, Lyons, T. T., Machenschalk, B, MacInnis, M, Mageswaran, M, Barker-Patton, C, Mailand, K, Majid, W, Malec, M, Mann, F, Marin, A., Márka, S, Maros, E, Mason, J., Mason, K., Matherny, O, Barnes, M, Matone, L, Mavalvala, N, McCarthy, R, McClelland, D E, McHugh, M, McNamara, P, Mendell, G, Meshkov, S, Messenger, C, Mitselmakher, G, Barr, B, Mittleman, R, Miyakawa, O, Miyoki, S, Mohanty, S, Moreno, G, Mossavi, K, Mours, B, Mueller, G, Mukherjee, S, Myers, J., Barton, M A, Nagano, S, Nash, T, Naundorf, H, Nayak, R, Newton, G, Nocera, F, Nutzman, P, Olson, T, O'Reilly, B., Ottaway, D J, Bayer, K, Ottewill, A, Ouimette, D, Overmier, H, Owen, B J, Papa, M A, Parameswariah, C, Parameswariah, V, Pedraza, M, Penn, S, Pitkin, M, Beausoleil, R, Plissi, M, Pratt, M, Quetschke, V, Raab, F, Radkins, H, Rahkola, R, Rakhmanov, M, Rao, S. R., Redding, D, Regehr, M W, Belczynski, K, Regimbau, T, Reilly, K T, Reithmaier, K, Reitze, D H, Richman, S, Riesen, R, Riles, K, Rizzi, A, Robertson, D. I., Robertson, N A, Bennett, R, Robison, L, Roddy, S, Rollins, J, Romano, J D, Romie, J, Rong, H, Rose, D, Rotthoff, E, Rowan, S, Rüdiger, A, Berukoff, S J, Russell, P, Ryan, K., Salzman, I, Sanders, G. H., Sannibale, V, Sathyaprakash, B, Saulson, P R, Savage, R, Sazonov, A, Schilling, R, Betzwieser, J, Schlaufman, K, Schmidt, V, Schofield, R, Schrempel, M, Schutz, B F, Schwinberg, P, Scott, S. M., Searle, A C, Sears, B, Seel, S, Bhawal, B, Sengupta, A S, Shapiro, C A, Shawhan, P, Shoemaker, D H, Shu, Q Z, Sibley, A, Siemens, X, Sievers, L, Sigg, D, Sintes, A M, Billingsley, G, Skeldon, K, Smith, J. R., Smith, M, Smith, M. R., Sneddon, P, Spero, R, Stapfer, G, Strain, K A, Strom, D., Stuver, A, Black, E, Summerscales, T, Sumner, M C, Sutton, P. J., Sylvestre, J, Takamori, A, Tanner, D. B., Tariq, H, Taylor, I, Taylor, R., Thorne, K. S., Blackburn, K, Tibbits, M, Tilav, S, Tinto, M, Torres, C, Torrie, C, Traeger, S, Traylor, G, Tyler, W, Ugolini, D, Vallisneri, M, Bland-Weaver, B, Putten, M van, Vass, S, Vecchio, A, Vorvick, C, Wallace, L, Walther, H, Ward, H, Ware, B, Watts, K, Webber, D, Bochner, B, Weidner, A, Weiland, U, Weinstein, A., Weiss, R., Welling, H, Wen, L, Wen, S, Whelan, J T, Whitcomb, S E, Whiting, B F, Bogue, L, Willems, P. A., Williams, P. R., Williams, R., Willke, B, Wilson, A., Winjum, B J, Winkler, W, Wise, S, Wiseman, A G, Woan, G, Bork, R, Wooley, R, Worden, J, Yakushin, I, Yamamoto, H, Yoshida, S, Zawischa, I, Zhang, L, Zotov, N, Zucker, M, Zweizig, J, Bose, S, Brady, P R, Brau, J E, Brown, D A, Brozek, S, Bullington, A, Buonanno, A, Burgess, R, Busby, D, Butler, W E, Byer, R L, Cadonati, L, Cagnoli, G, Camp, J B, Cantley, C A, Cardenas, L, Carter, K, Casey, M M, Castiglione, J, Chandler, A, Chapsky, J, Charlton, P, Chatterji, S, Chen, Y, Chickarmane, V, Chin, D, Christensen, N, Churches, D, Colacino, C N, Coldwell, R, Coles, M, Cook, D, Corbitt, T, Coyne, D, Creighton, J D E, Creighton, T D, Crooks, D R M, Csatorday, P, Cusack, B J, Cutler, C, D'Ambrosio, E, Danzmann, K, Davies, R, Daw, E, DeBra, D, Delker, T, DeSalvo, R, Dhurandar, S, Díaz, M, Ding, H, Drever, R W P, Dupuis, R J, Ebeling, C, Edlund, J, Ehrens, P, Elliffe, E J, Etzel, T, Evans, M, Evans, T, Fallnich, C, Farnham, D, Fejer, M M, and Fine, M
Abstract: The first science run of the LIGO and GEO gravitational wave detectors presented the opportunity to test methods of searching for gravitational waves from known pulsars. Here we present new direct upper limits on the strength of waves from the pulsar PSR J1939+2134 using two independent analysis methods, one in the frequency domain using frequentist statistics and one in the time domain using Bayesian inference. Both methods show that the strain amplitude at Earth from this pulsar is less than a few times 10−22.
Published: 2006

2. Synthesis, modeling, and biological evaluation of anti-tubulin indole-substituted furanones.

Author: Hurysz B, Evans BA, Laryea RN, Boyer BE, Coburn TE, Dexter MS, Edwards MA, Faulkner GV, Huss RL, Lafferty MM, Manning M, McNulty M, Melvin SJ, Mitrow CM, Patel RR, Pierce K, Russo J, Seminer AM, Sockett KA, Webster NR, Cole KE, Mowery P, and Pelkey ET
Subjects: Molecular Docking Simulation, Structure-Activity Relationship, Cell Proliferation, Cell Line, Tumor, Tubulin Modulators chemistry, Colchicine chemistry, Binding Sites, Indoles chemistry, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Tubulin metabolism, Antineoplastic Agents chemistry
Abstract: Due to the central role of tubulin in various cellular functions, it is a validated target for anti-cancer therapeutics. However, many of the current tubulin inhibitors are derived from complex natural products and suffer from multidrug resistance, low solubility, toxicity issues, and/or the lack of multi-cancer efficacy. As such, there is a continued need for the discovery and development of new anti-tubulin drugs to enter the pipeline. Herein we report on a group of indole-substituted furanones that were prepared and tested for anti-cancer activity. Molecular docking studies showed positive correlations between favorable binding in the colchicine binding site (CBS) of tubulin and anti-proliferative activity, and the most potent compound was found to inhibit tubulin polymerization. These compounds represent a promising new structural motif in the search for small heterocyclic CBS cancer inhibitors., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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3. RIP1 Mediates Manzamine-A-Induced Secretory Autophagy in Breast Cancer.

Author: Wang X, Liu Y, Qin H, Qi G, Chen X, Lyu Y, and Han Y
Subjects: Humans, Female, Autophagy, Signal Transduction, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, Breast Neoplasms pathology
Abstract: Cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) serve as critical mediators of cell-to-cell communication. Manzamine A (MA), a unique marine-derived alkaloid with various bioactivities, exerts anticancer effects against several kinds of tumors, but it remains unclear whether it has the same activity against breast cancer. Here, we proved that MA inhibits MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, MA promotes autophagosome formation but suppresses autophagosome degradation in breast cancer cells. Importantly, we also found that MA stimulates sEVs secretion and increases autophagy-related protein accumulation in secreted sEVs, further potentiated by autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ). Mechanistically, MA decreases the expression level of RIP1, the key upstream regulator of the autophagic pathway, and reduces the acidity of lysosome. Overexpression of RIP1 activated AKT/mTOR signaling, thus attenuating MA-induced autophagy and the corresponding secretion of autophagy-associated sEVs. Collectively, these data suggested that MA is a potential inhibitor of autophagy by preventing autophagosome turnover, and RIP1 mediates MA-induced secretory autophagy, which may be efficacious for breast cancer treatment.
Published: 2023
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4. Hydrogen migration in inner-shell ionized halogenated cyclic hydrocarbons.

Author: Abid AR, Bhattacharyya S, Venkatachalam AS, Pathak S, Chen K, Lam HVS, Borne K, Mishra D, Bilodeau RC, Dumitriu I, Berrah N, Patanen M, and Rolles D
Abstract: We have studied the fragmentation of the brominated cyclic hydrocarbons bromocyclo-propane, bromocyclo-butane, and bromocyclo-pentane upon Br(3d) and C(1s) inner-shell ionization using coincidence ion momentum imaging. We observe a substantial yield of CH 3 + fragments (with x = 0, …, 3) with an increasing number of hydrogens are more likely to be produced via sequential fragmentation pathways. Overall trends in the molecular-size-dependence of the experimentally observed kinetic energy releases and fragment kinetic energies are explained with the help of classical Coulomb explosion simulations.x + fragments (with x = 0, …, 3) with an increasing number of hydrogens are more likely to be produced via sequential fragmentation pathways. Overall trends in the molecular-size-dependence of the experimentally observed kinetic energy releases and fragment kinetic energies are explained with the help of classical Coulomb explosion simulations., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
Published: 2023
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5. Nutritional Status Predicts Fatty Acid Uptake from Fish and Soybean Oil Supplements for Treatment of Cancer-Related Fatigue: Results from a Phase II Nationwide Study.

Author: Kleckner AS, Culakova E, Kleckner IR, Belcher EK, Demark-Wahnefried W, Parker EA, Padula GDA, Ontko M, Janelsins MC, Mustian KM, and Peppone LJ
Subjects: Aged, Body Mass Index, Breast Neoplasms physiopathology, Dietary Supplements, Fatigue etiology, Fatty Acids blood, Fatty Acids, Omega-3 blood, Female, Fish Oils chemistry, Humans, Middle Aged, Soybean Oil chemistry, Breast Neoplasms complications, Fatigue drug therapy, Fatty Acids pharmacokinetics, Fish Oils administration & dosage, Nutritional Status physiology, Soybean Oil administration & dosage
Abstract: Cancer-related fatigue is a prevalent and debilitating condition that persists for years into survivorship. Studies evaluating both fish oil supplementation on fatigue and associations between fish oil consumption and fatigue have shown mixed effects; it is unknown what factors contribute to these differential effects. Herein, we investigate whether the nutritional status of cancer survivors was associated with serum omega-3 concentration or change in serum omega-3s throughout a fish oil supplementation study, and then if any of these factors were associated with fatigue. Breast cancer survivors 4-36 months post-treatment with moderate-severe fatigue were randomized to take 6 g fish oil, 6 g soybean oil, or 3 g of each daily for 6 weeks. Baseline nutritional status was calculated using the Controlling Nutritional Status tool (serum albumin, lymphocytes, cholesterol). At baseline and post-intervention, serum fatty acids were quantified and fatigue was assessed using the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory. Participants ( n = 85) were 61.2 ± 9.7 years old with a body mass index of 31.9 ± 6.7 kg/m 2 ; 69% had a good nutritional score and 31% had light-moderate malnutrition. Those with good nutritional status had greater total serum omega-3s at baseline ( p = 0.013) and a greater increase in serum omega-3s with supplementation ( p = 0.003). Among those who were supplemented with fish oil, greater increases in serum omega-3s were associated with greater improvements in fatigue. In conclusion, good nutritional status may increase uptake of fatty acid supplements, increasing their ability to improve fatigue.
Published: 2021
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6. Modeling the Influence of Vaccine Administration on COVID-19 Testing Strategies.

Author: Forde JE and Ciupe SM
Subjects: COVID-19 Vaccines, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, Humans, SARS-CoV-2 isolation & purification, Virulence, COVID-19 diagnosis, COVID-19 prevention & control, COVID-19 Testing, Models, Theoretical, Vaccination
Abstract: Vaccination is considered the best strategy for limiting and eliminating the COVID-19 pandemic. The success of this strategy relies on the rate of vaccine deployment and acceptance across the globe. As these efforts are being conducted, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is continuously mutating, which leads to the emergence of variants with increased transmissibility, virulence, and resistance to vaccines. One important question is whether surveillance testing is still needed in order to limit SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a vaccinated population. In this study, we developed a multi-scale mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a vaccinated population and used it to predict the role of testing in an outbreak with variants of increased transmissibility. We found that, for low transmissibility variants, testing was most effective when vaccination levels were low to moderate and its impact was diminished when vaccination levels were high. For high transmissibility variants, widespread vaccination was necessary in order for testing to have a significant impact on preventing outbreaks, with the impact of testing having maximum effects when focused on the non-vaccinated population.
Published: 2021
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7. DNA methylation profiling of a cnidarian-algal symbiosis using nanopore sequencing.

Author: Dimond JL, Nguyen N, and Roberts SB
Subjects: Animals, Symbiosis genetics, DNA Methylation, Dinoflagellida genetics, Nanopore Sequencing, Sea Anemones genetics
Abstract: Symbiosis with protists is common among cnidarians such as corals and sea anemones and is associated with homeostatic and phenotypic changes in the host that could have epigenetic underpinnings, such as methylation of CpG dinucleotides. We leveraged the sensitivity to base modifications of nanopore sequencing to probe the effect of symbiosis with the chlorophyte Elliptochloris marina on methylation in the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima. We first validated the approach by comparison of nanopore-derived methylation levels with CpG depletion analysis of a published transcriptome, finding that high methylation levels are associated with CpG depletion as expected. Next, using reads generated exclusively from aposymbiotic anemones, a largely complete draft genome comprising 243 Mb was assembled. Reads from aposymbiotic and symbiotic sea anemones were then mapped to this genome and assessed for methylation using the program Nanopolish, which detects signal disruptions from base modifications as they pass through the nanopore. Based on assessment of 452,841 CpGs for which there was adequate read coverage (approximately 8% of the CpGs in the genome), symbiosis with E. marina was, surprisingly, associated with only subtle changes in the host methylome. However, we did identify one extended genomic region with consistently higher methylation among symbiotic individuals. The region was associated with a DNA polymerase zeta that is noted for its role in translesion synthesis, which opens interesting questions about the biology of this symbiosis. Our study highlights the power and relative simplicity of nanopore sequencing for studies of nucleic acid base modifications in non-model species., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Genetics Society of America.)
Published: 2021
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8. Discovery of an indole-substituted furanone with tubulin polymerization inhibition activity.

Author: Mowery P, Filkorn MM, Hurysz B, Kwansare DO, Lafferty MM, McFadden MA, Neerukonda ND, Patel RR, Pierce K, Sockett KA, Truax NJ, Webster NR, and Pelkey ET
Subjects: Antineoplastic Agents chemical synthesis, Antineoplastic Agents chemistry, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Furans chemical synthesis, Furans chemistry, Humans, Indoles chemistry, Molecular Structure, Polymerization drug effects, Structure-Activity Relationship, Tubulin Modulators chemical synthesis, Tubulin Modulators chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Drug Discovery, Furans pharmacology, Indoles pharmacology, Tubulin metabolism, Tubulin Modulators pharmacology
Abstract: Analogs of diarylpyrrolinone lead compound 1 were prepared and tested for anti-proliferative activity in U-937 cancer cells. Alterations of 1 focused on modifying the two nitrogen atoms: a) the pyrrolinone nitrogen atom was substituted with a propyl group or replaced with an oxygen atom (furanone), and b) the substituents on the indole nitrogen were varied. These changes led to the discovery of a furanone analog 3b with sub-micromolar anti-cancer potency and tubulin polymerization inhibition activity., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2021
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9. Quantification of the Tradeoff between Test Sensitivity and Test Frequency in a COVID-19 Epidemic-A Multi-Scale Modeling Approach.

Author: Forde JE and Ciupe SM
Subjects: COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 virology, COVID-19 Testing economics, COVID-19 Testing methods, Epidemics, False Negative Reactions, Humans, Models, Theoretical, Polymerase Chain Reaction economics, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Polymerase Chain Reaction standards, Polymerase Chain Reaction statistics & numerical data, SARS-CoV-2 isolation & purification, SARS-CoV-2 physiology, Sensitivity and Specificity, COVID-19 diagnosis, COVID-19 Testing statistics & numerical data, SARS-CoV-2 genetics
Abstract: Control strategies that employ real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests for the diagnosis and surveillance of COVID-19 epidemic are inefficient in fighting the epidemic due to high cost, delays in obtaining results, and the need of specialized personnel and equipment for laboratory processing. Cheaper and faster alternatives, such as antigen and paper-strip tests, have been proposed. They return results rapidly, but have lower sensitivity thresholds for detecting virus. To quantify the effects of the tradeoffs between sensitivity, cost, testing frequency, and delay in test return on the overall course of an outbreak, we built a multi-scale immuno-epidemiological model that connects the virus profile of infected individuals with transmission and testing at the population level. We investigated various randomized testing strategies and found that, for fixed testing capacity, lower sensitivity tests with shorter return delays slightly flatten the daily incidence curve and delay the time to the peak daily incidence. However, compared with RT-PCR testing, they do not always reduce the cumulative case count at half a year into the outbreak. When testing frequency is increased to account for the lower cost of less sensitive tests, we observe a large reduction in cumulative case counts, from 55.4% to as low as 1.22% half a year into the outbreak. The improvement is preserved even when the testing budget is reduced by one half or one third. Our results predict that surveillance testing that employs low-sensitivity tests at high frequency is an effective tool for epidemic control.
Published: 2021
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10. Pheromone Odorant Receptor Responses Reveal the Presence of a Cryptic, Redundant Sex Pheromone Component in the European Corn Borer, Ostrinia nubilalis.

Author: Wanner KW, Moore K, Wei J, Herdlicka BC, Linn CE Jr, and Baker TC
Subjects: Acetates metabolism, Animals, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated metabolism, Male, Species Specificity, Chemotaxis, Moths physiology, Receptors, Odorant physiology, Sex Attractants physiology
Abstract: Two odorant receptors (ORs), OnubOR3 and OnubOR6, in the sex pheromone communication systems of E- and Z-strain European corn borers, Ostrinia nubilalis, were broadly receptive to analogs of their pheromone components. In addition to responding to their natural 14-carbon pheromone components, (Z)-11- and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetates (Z11- and E11-14:OAc), these pheromone ORs responded to the longer-chain compounds, (Z)-11- and (E)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11- and E11-16:OAc). Z11-16:OAc is a pheromone gland constituent of E-strain O. nubilalis females in Europe but has not previously been shown to have behavioral activity to males. Here, we demonstrate that Z11-16:OAc evokes high levels of upwind flight and source location in E-strain males when substituted for Z11-14:OAc (minor component) in the E-strain blend. Since Z11-16:OAc is found in the gland and has behavioral activity when Z11-14:OAc is missing, then it should be classified as a cryptic, redundant minor pheromone component in E-strain O. nubilalis. The opposite geometric isomer, E11-16:OAc, also functions in Z-strain O. nubilalis, substituting behaviorally for the E11-14:OAc minor component, but has not been found in Z-strain female glands. Single-sensillum recordings showed that sensory neurons of E- and Z-strain male antennae expressing OnubOR3 and OnubOR6 produced responses to these hexadecenyl acetates similar to those evoked by the natural (tetradecenyl acetate) pheromone components. We postulate that the wide responsiveness of these two ORs to the 16-carbon acetates could be a preadaptation for O. nubilalis to use these compounds as minor components in lieu of the respective 14-carbon acetates. Alternatively, the responsiveness of OnubOR3 to E11-16:OAc and OnubOR6 to Z11-16:OAc could represent a vestigial state of these receptors, with the 16-carbon acetates having previously acted as functional minor components in an ancestral blend.
Published: 2020
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11. Parasitism by an invasive nest fly reduces future reproduction in Galápagos mockingbirds.

Author: McNew SM, Goodman GB, Yépez R J, and Clayton DH
Subjects: Animals, Reproduction, Muscidae, Parasites, Passeriformes
Abstract: Organisms allocate limited resources to competing activities such as reproduction, growth, and defense against parasites and predators. The introduction of a novel parasite may create new life history trade-offs. As hosts increase their investment in self-maintenance or defense, the cost of parasitism may carry over to other aspects of host biology. Here, in an experimental field study, we document delayed effects of an introduced nest parasite, Philornis downsi, on reproduction of Galápagos mockingbirds (Mimus parvulus). Parasitism of first nests reduced both the number and size of chicks that parents hatched when they re-nested several weeks later. The delayed effect of P. downsi on future reproduction may have been mediated by behavioral shifts by the parents to avoid or resist parasitism. Our results demonstrate that effects of parasitism can persist even after immediate exposure ends. We draw attention to the potential implications that introduced parasites have for host reproductive strategies.
Published: 2020
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12. Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA.

Author: Abbott BP, Abbott R, Abbott TD, Abraham S, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adams C, Adya VB, Affeldt C, Agathos M, Agatsuma K, Aggarwal N, Aguiar OD, Aiello L, Ain A, Ajith P, Akutsu T, Allen G, Allocca A, Aloy MA, Altin PA, Amato A, Ananyeva A, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Ando M, Angelova SV, Antier S, Appert S, Arai K, Arai K, Arai Y, Araki S, Araya A, Araya MC, Areeda JS, Arène M, Aritomi N, Arnaud N, Arun KG, Ascenzi S, Ashton G, Aso Y, Aston SM, Astone P, Aubin F, Aufmuth P, AultONeal K, Austin C, Avendano V, Avila-Alvarez A, Babak S, Bacon P, Badaracco F, Bader MKM, Bae SW, Bae YB, Baiotti L, Bajpai R, Baker PT, Baldaccini F, Ballardin G, Ballmer SW, Banagiri S, Barayoga JC, Barclay SE, Barish BC, Barker D, Barkett K, Barnum S, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barta D, Bartlett J, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Bawaj M, Bayley JC, Bazzan M, Bécsy B, Bejger M, Belahcene I, Bell AS, Beniwal D, Berger BK, Bergmann G, Bernuzzi S, Bero JJ, Berry CPL, Bersanetti D, Bertolini A, Betzwieser J, Bhandare R, Bidler J, Bilenko IA, Bilgili SA, Billingsley G, Birch J, Birney R, Birnholtz O, Biscans S, Biscoveanu S, Bisht A, Bitossi M, Bizouard MA, Blackburn JK, Blair CD, Blair DG, Blair RM, Bloemen S, Bode N, Boer M, Boetzel Y, Bogaert G, Bondu F, Bonilla E, Bonnand R, Booker P, Boom BA, Booth CD, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Bossie K, Bossilkov V, Bosveld J, Bouffanais Y, Bozzi A, Bradaschia C, Brady PR, Bramley A, Branchesi M, Brau JE, Briant T, Briggs JH, Brighenti F, Brillet A, Brinkmann M, Brisson V, Brockill P, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brown DD, Brunett S, Buikema A, Bulik T, Bulten HJ, Buonanno A, Buskulic D, Buy C, Byer RL, Cabero M, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Cahillane C, Bustillo JC, Callister TA, Calloni E, Camp JB, Campbell WA, Canepa M, Cannon K, Cannon KC, Cao H, Cao J, Capocasa E, Carbognani F, Caride S, Carney MF, Carullo G, Diaz JC, Casentini C, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cavalier F, Cavalieri R, Cella G, Cerdá-Durán P, Cerretani G, Cesarini E, Chaibi O, Chakravarti K, Chamberlin SJ, Chan M, Chan ML, Chao S, Charlton P, Chase EA, Chassande-Mottin E, Chatterjee D, Chaturvedi M, Chatziioannou K, Cheeseboro BD, Chen CS, Chen HY, Chen KH, Chen X, Chen Y, Chen YR, Cheng HP, Cheong CK, Chia HY, Chincarini A, Chiummo A, Cho G, Cho HS, Cho M, Christensen N, Chu HY, Chu Q, Chu YK, Chua S, Chung KW, Chung S, Ciani G, Ciobanu AA, Ciolfi R, Cipriano F, Cirone A, Clara F, Clark JA, Clearwater P, Cleva F, Cocchieri C, Coccia E, Cohadon PF, Cohen D, Colgan R, Colleoni M, Collette CG, Collins C, Cominsky LR, Constancio M Jr, Conti L, Cooper SJ, Corban P, Corbitt TR, Cordero-Carrión I, Corley KR, Cornish N, Corsi A, Cortese S, Costa CA, Cotesta R, Coughlin MW, Coughlin SB, Coulon JP, Countryman ST, Couvares P, Covas PB, Cowan EE, Coward DM, Cowart MJ, Coyne DC, Coyne R, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Cripe J, Croquette M, Crowder SG, Cullen TJ, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cuoco E, Canton TD, Dálya G, Danilishin SL, D'Antonio S, Danzmann K, Dasgupta A, Da 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Fitz-Axen M, Flaminio R, Fletcher M, Flynn E, Fong H, Font JA, Forsyth PWF, Fournier JD, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Frey V, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fujii Y, Fukunaga M, Fukushima M, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Gabbard HA, Gadre BU, Gaebel SM, Gair JR, Gammaitoni L, Ganija MR, Gaonkar SG, Garcia A, García-Quirós C, Garufi F, Gateley B, Gaudio S, Gaur G, Gayathri V, Ge GG, Gemme G, Genin E, Gennai A, George D, George J, Gergely L, Germain V, Ghonge S, Ghosh A, Ghosh A, Ghosh S, Giacomazzo B, Giaime JA, Giardina KD, Giazotto A, Gill K, Giordano G, Glover L, Godwin P, Goetz E, Goetz R, Goncharov B, González G, Castro JMG, Gopakumar A, Gorodetsky ML, Gossan SE, Gosselin M, Gouaty R, Grado A, Graef C, Granata M, Grant A, Gras S, Grassia P, Gray C, Gray R, Greco G, Green AC, Green R, Gretarsson EM, Groot P, Grote H, Grunewald S, Gruning P, Guidi GM, Gulati HK, Guo Y, Gupta A, Gupta MK, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Haegel L, Hagiwara A, Haino S, Halim O, Hall BR, Hall ED, Hamilton EZ, Hammond G, Haney M, Hanke MM, Hanks J, Hanna C, Hannam MD, Hannuksela OA, Hanson J, Hardwick T, Haris K, Harms J, Harry GM, Harry IW, Hasegawa K, Haster CJ, Haughian K, Hayakawa H, Hayama K, Hayes FJ, Healy J, Heidmann A, Heintze MC, Heitmann H, Hello P, Hemming G, Hendry M, Heng IS, Hennig J, Heptonstall AW, Heurs M, Hild S, Himemoto Y, Hinderer T, Hiranuma Y, Hirata N, Hirose E, Hoak D, Hochheim S, Hofman D, Holgado AM, Holland NA, Holt K, Holz DE, Hong Z, Hopkins P, Horst C, Hough J, Howell EJ, Hoy CG, Hreibi A, Hsieh BH, Huang GZ, Huang PW, Huang YJ, Huerta EA, Huet D, Hughey B, Hulko M, Husa S, Huttner SH, Huynh-Dinh T, Idzkowski B, Iess A, Ikenoue B, Imam S, Inayoshi K, Ingram C, Inoue Y, Inta R, Intini G, Ioka K, Irwin B, Isa HN, Isac JM, Isi M, Itoh Y, Iyer BR, Izumi K, Jacqmin T, Jadhav SJ, Jani K, Janthalur NN, Jaranowski P, Jenkins AC, Jiang J, Johnson DS, Jones AW, Jones DI, Jones R, Jonker RJG, Ju L, Jung K, Jung P, Junker J, Kajita T, Kalaghatgi CV, Kalogera V, Kamai B, Kamiizumi M, Kanda N, Kandhasamy S, Kang GW, Kanner JB, Kapadia SJ, Karki S, Karvinen KS, Kashyap R, Kasprzack M, Katsanevas S, Katsavounidis E, Katzman W, Kaufer S, Kawabe K, Kawaguchi K, Kawai N, Kawasaki T, Keerthana NV, Kéfélian F, Keitel D, Kennedy R, Key JS, Khalili FY, Khan H, Khan I, Khan S, Khan Z, Khazanov EA, Khursheed M, Kijbunchoo N, Kim C, Kim C, Kim JC, Kim J, Kim K, Kim W, Kim WS, Kim YM, Kimball C, Kimura N, King EJ, King PJ, Kinley-Hanlon M, Kirchhoff R, Kissel JS, Kita N, Kitazawa H, Kleybolte L, Klika JH, Klimenko S, Knowles TD, Knyazev E, Koch P, Koehlenbeck SM, Koekoek G, Kojima Y, Kokeyama K, Koley S, Komori K, Kondrashov V, Kong AKH, Kontos A, Koper N, Korobko M, Korth WZ, Kotake K, Kowalska I, Kozak DB, Kozakai C, Kozu R, Kringel V, Krishnendu N, Królak A, Kuehn G, Kumar A, Kumar P, Kumar R, Kumar R, Kumar S, Kume J, Kuo CM, Kuo HS, Kuo L, Kuroyanagi S, Kusayanagi K, Kutynia A, Kwak K, Kwang S, Lackey BD, Lai KH, Lam TL, Landry M, Lane BB, Lang RN, Lange J, Lantz B, Lanza RK, Lartaux-Vollard A, Lasky PD, Laxen M, Lazzarini A, Lazzaro C, Leaci P, Leavey S, Lecoeuche YK, Lee CH, Lee HK, Lee HM, Lee HW, Lee J, Lee K, Lee RK, Lehmann J, Lenon A, Leonardi M, Leroy N, Letendre N, Levin Y, Li J, Li KJL, Li TGF, Li X, Lin CY, Lin F, Lin FL, Lin LCC, Linde F, Linker SD, Littenberg TB, Liu GC, Liu J, Liu X, Lo RKL, Lockerbie NA, London LT, Longo A, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lough JD, Lousto CO, Lovelace G, Lower ME, Lück H, Lumaca D, Lundgren AP, Luo LW, Lynch R, Ma Y, Macas R, Macfoy S, MacInnis M, Macleod DM, Macquet A, Magaña-Sandoval F, Zertuche LM, Magee RM, Majorana E, Maksimovic I, Malik A, Man N, Mandic V, Mangano V, Mansell GL, Manske M, Mantovani M, Marchesoni F, Marchio M, Marion F, Márka S, Márka Z, Markakis C, Markosyan AS, Markowitz A, Maros E, Marquina A, Marsat S, Martelli F, Martin IW, Martin RM, Martynov DV, Mason K, Massera E, Masserot A, Massinger TJ, Masso-Reid M, Mastrogiovanni S, Matas A, Matichard F, Matone L, Mavalvala N, Mazumder N, McCann JJ, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McCormick S, McCuller L, McGuire SC, McIver J, McManus DJ, McRae T, McWilliams ST, Meacher D, Meadors GD, Mehmet M, Mehta AK, Meidam J, Melatos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Mereni L, Merilh EL, Merzougui M, Meshkov S, Messenger C, Messick C, Metzdorff R, Meyers PM, Miao H, Michel C, Michimura Y, Middleton H, Mikhailov EE, Milano L, Miller AL, Miller A, Millhouse M, Mills JC, Milovich-Goff MC, Minazzoli O, Minenkov Y, Mio N, Mishkin A, Mishra C, Mistry T, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Miyamoto A, Miyazaki Y, Miyo K, Miyoki S, Mo G, Moffa D, Mogushi K, Mohapatra SRP, Montani M, Moore CJ, Moraru D, Moreno G, Morisaki S, Moriwaki Y, Mours B, Mow-Lowry CM, Mukherjee A, Mukherjee D, Mukherjee S, Mukund N, Mullavey A, Munch J, Muñiz EA, Muratore M, Murray PG, Nagano K, Nagano S, Nagar A, Nakamura K, Nakano H, Nakano M, Nakashima R, Nardecchia I, Narikawa T, Naticchioni L, Nayak RK, Negishi 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DJ, Strain KA, Stratta G, Strigin SE, Strunk A, Sturani R, Stuver AL, Sudhir V, Sugimoto R, Summerscales TZ, Sun L, Sunil S, Suresh J, Sutton PJ, Suzuki T, Suzuki T, Swinkels BL, Szczepańczyk MJ, Tacca M, Tagoshi H, Tait SC, Takahashi H, Takahashi R, Takamori A, Takano S, Takeda H, Takeda M, Talbot C, Talukder D, Tanaka H, Tanaka K, Tanaka K, Tanaka T, Tanaka T, Tanioka S, Tanner DB, Tápai M, Martin ENTS, Taracchini A, Tasson JD, Taylor R, Telada S, Thies F, Thomas M, Thomas P, Thondapu SR, Thorne KA, Thrane E, Tiwari S, Tiwari S, Tiwari V, Toland K, Tomaru T, Tomigami Y, Tomura T, Tonelli M, Tornasi Z, Torres-Forné A, Torrie CI, Töyrä D, Travasso F, Traylor G, Tringali MC, Trovato A, Trozzo L, Trudeau R, Tsang KW, Tsang TTL, Tse M, Tso R, Tsubono K, Tsuchida S, Tsukada L, Tsuna D, Tsuzuki T, Tuyenbayev D, Uchikata N, Uchiyama T, Ueda A, Uehara T, Ueno K, Ueshima G, Ugolini D, Unnikrishnan CS, Uraguchi F, Urban AL, Ushiba T, Usman SA, Vahlbruch H, Vajente G, Valdes G, Bakel NV, Beuzekom MV, Brand JFJVD, Broeck CVD, Vander-Hyde DC, Schaaf LV, Heijningen JVV, Putten MHPMV, Veggel AAV, Vardaro M, Varma V, Vass S, Vasúth M, Vecchio A, Vedovato G, Veitch J, Veitch PJ, Venkateswara K, Venugopalan G, Verkindt D, Vetrano F, Viceré A, Viets AD, Vine DJ, Vinet JY, Vitale S, Vivanco FH, Vo T, Vocca H, Vorvick C, Vyatchanin SP, Wade AR, Wade LE, Wade M, Walet R, Walker M, Wallace L, Walsh S, Wang G, Wang H, Wang J, Wang JZ, Wang WH, Wang YF, Ward RL, Warden ZA, Warner J, Was M, Watchi J, Weaver B, Wei LW, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Wellmann F, Wen L, Wessel EK, Weßels P, Westhouse JW, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whiting BF, Whittle C, Wilken DM, Williams D, Williamson AR, Willis JL, Willke B, Wimmer MH, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wittel H, Woan G, Woehler J, Wofford JK, Worden J, Wright JL, Wu CM, Wu DS, Wu HC, Wu SR, Wysocki DM, Xiao L, Xu WR, Yamada T, Yamamoto H, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto T, Yancey CC, Yang L, Yap MJ, Yazback M, Yeeles DW, Yokogawa K, Yokoyama J, Yokozawa T, Yoshioka T, Yu H, Yu H, Yuen SHR, Yuzurihara H, Yvert M, Zadrożny AK, Zanolin M, Zeidler S, Zelenova T, Zendri JP, Zevin M, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang T, Zhao C, Zhao Y, Zhou M, Zhou Z, Zhu XJ, Zhu ZH, Zimmerman AB, Zucker ME, and Zweizig J
Abstract: We present our current best estimate of the plausible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next several years, with the intention of providing information to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals for the third (O3), fourth (O4) and fifth observing (O5) runs, including the planned upgrades of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. We study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source for gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary systems of compact objects, that is binary neutron star, neutron star-black hole, and binary black hole systems. The ability to localize the sources is given as a sky-area probability, luminosity distance, and comoving volume. The median sky localization area (90% credible region) is expected to be a few hundreds of square degrees for all types of binary systems during O3 with the Advanced LIGO and Virgo (HLV) network. The median sky localization area will improve to a few tens of square degrees during O4 with the Advanced LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA (HLVK) network. During O3, the median localization volume (90% credible region) is expected to be on the order of 10 5 , 10 6 , 10 7 Mpc 3 for binary neutron star, neutron star-black hole, and binary black hole systems, respectively. The localization volume in O4 is expected to be about a factor two smaller than in O3. We predict a detection count of 1 - 1 + 12 ( 10 - 10 + 52 ) for binary neutron star mergers, of 0 - 0 + 19 ( 1 - 1 + 91 ) for neutron star-black hole mergers, and 17 - 11 + 22 ( 79 - 44 + 89 ) for binary black hole mergers in a one-calendar-year observing run of the HLV network during O3 (HLVK network during O4). We evaluate sensitivity and localization expectations for unmodeled signal searches, including the search for intermediate mass black hole binary mergers., (© The Author(s) 2020.)
Published: 2020
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13. Evolution of pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis in Apocynaceae: revisiting the defence de-escalation hypothesis.

Author: Livshultz T, Kaltenegger E, Straub SCK, Weitemier K, Hirsch E, Koval K, Mema L, and Liston A
Subjects: Alkyl and Aryl Transferases metabolism, Amino Acid Motifs, Animals, Apocynaceae genetics, Butterflies physiology, DNA, Complementary genetics, Genes, Plant, Likelihood Functions, Phylogeny, Pseudogenes, Apocynaceae metabolism, Biosynthetic Pathways, Evolution, Molecular, Models, Biological, Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids metabolism
Abstract: Plants produce specialized metabolites for their defence. However, specialist herbivores adapt to these compounds and use them for their own benefit. Plants attacked predominantly by specialists may be under selection to reduce or eliminate production of co-opted chemicals: the defence de-escalation hypothesis. We studied the evolution of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in Apocynaceae, larval host plants for PA-adapted butterflies (Danainae, milkweed and clearwing butterflies), to test if the evolutionary pattern is consistent with de-escalation. We used the first PA biosynthesis specific enzyme (homospermidine synthase, HSS) as tool for reconstructing PA evolution. We found hss orthologues in diverse Apocynaceae species, not all of them known to produce PAs. The phylogenetic analysis showed a monophyletic origin of the putative hss sequences early in the evolution of one Apocynaceae lineage (the APSA clade). We found an hss pseudogene in Asclepias syriaca, a species known to produce cardiac glycosides but no PAs, and four losses of an HSS amino acid motif. APSA clade species are significantly more likely to be Danainae larval host plants than expected if all Apocynaceae species were equally likely to be exploited. Our findings are consistent with PA de-escalation as an adaptive response to specialist attack., (© 2018 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2018 New Phytologist Trust.)
Published: 2018
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14. Evolution at the tips: Asclepias phylogenomics and new perspectives on leaf surfaces.

Author: Fishbein M, Straub SCK, Boutte J, Hansen K, Cronn RC, and Liston A
Subjects: Disease Resistance genetics, Ecology, Evolution, Molecular, Genome, Plastid, Herbivory, Likelihood Functions, Models, Genetic, Plant Transpiration, Asclepias genetics, Biological Evolution, Phenotype, Phylogeny, Plant Leaves, Trichomes, Waxes
Abstract: Premise of the Study: Leaf surface traits, such as trichome density and wax production, mediate important ecological processes such as anti-herbivory defense and water-use efficiency. We present a phylogenetic analysis of Asclepias plastomes as a framework for analyzing the evolution of trichome density and presence of epicuticular waxes., Methods: We produced a maximum-likelihood phylogeny using plastomes of 103 species of Asclepias. We reconstructed ancestral states and used model comparisons in a likelihood framework to analyze character evolution across Asclepias., Key Results: We resolved the backbone of Asclepias, placing the Sonoran Desert clade and Incarnatae clade as successive sisters to the remaining species. We present novel findings about leaf surface evolution of Asclepias-the ancestor is reconstructed as waxless and sparsely hairy, a macroevolutionary optimal trichome density is supported, and the rate of evolution of trichome density has accelerated., Conclusions: Increased sampling and selection of best-fitting models of evolution provide more resolved and robust estimates of phylogeny and character evolution than obtained in previous studies. Evolutionary inferences are more sensitive to character coding than model selection., (© 2018 The Authors. American Journal of Botany is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Botanical Society of America.)
Published: 2018
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15. Evolution on the backbone: Apocynaceae phylogenomics and new perspectives on growth forms, flowers, and fruits.

Author: Fishbein M, Livshultz T, Straub SCK, Simões AO, Boutte J, McDonnell A, and Foote A
Subjects: Apocynaceae growth & development, Evolution, Molecular, Genetic Loci, Genome, Plastid, Genomics methods, Likelihood Functions, Models, Genetic, Plastids, Wood, Apocynaceae genetics, Biological Evolution, Flowers, Fruit, Phenotype, Phylogeny, Plant Stems
Abstract: Premise of the Study: We provide the largest phylogenetic analyses to date of Apocynaceae in terms of taxa and molecular data as a framework for analyzing the evolution of vegetative and reproductive traits., Methods: We produced maximum-likelihood phylogenies of Apocynaceae using 21 plastid loci sampled from 1045 species (nearly 25% of the family) and complete plastomes from 73 species. We reconstructed ancestral states and used model comparisons in a likelihood framework to analyze character evolution across Apocynaceae., Key Results: We obtained a well-supported phylogeny of Apocynaceae, resolving poorly understood tribal and subtribal relationships (e.g., among Amsonieae and Hunterieae, within Asclepiadeae), rejecting monophyly of Melodineae and Odontadenieae, and placing previously unsampled and enigmatic taxa (e.g., Pycnobotrya). We provide new insights into the evolution of Apocynaceae, including frequent shifts between herbaceousness and woodiness, reversibility of twining, integrated evolution of the corolla and gynostegium, and ancestral baccate fruits., Conclusions: Increased sampling and selection of best-fitting models of evolution provide more resolved and robust estimates of phylogeny and character evolution than obtained in previous studies. Evolutionary inferences are sensitive to choice of phylogenetic frameworks and models., (© 2018 The Authors. American Journal of Botany is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Botanical Society of America.)
Published: 2018
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16. Characterization of the Xylella fastidiosa PD1311 gene mutant and its suppression of Pierce's disease on grapevines.

Author: Hao L, Johnson K, Cursino L, Mowery P, and Burr TJ
Subjects: Mutation genetics, Pest Control, Biological, Plant Diseases genetics, Plant Diseases prevention & control, Virulence genetics, Xylella genetics, Plant Diseases microbiology, Virulence physiology, Vitis microbiology, Xylella pathogenicity
Abstract: Xylella fastidiosa causes Pierce's disease (PD) on grapevines, leading to significant economic losses in grape and wine production. To further our understanding of X. fastidiosa virulence on grapevines, we examined the PD1311 gene, which encodes a putative acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) synthetase, and is highly conserved across Xylella species. It was determined that PD1311 is required for virulence, as the deletion mutant, ΔPD1311, was unable to cause disease on grapevines. The ΔPD1311 strain was impaired in behaviours known to be associated with PD development, including motility, aggregation and biofilm formation. ΔPD1311 also expressed enhanced sensitivity to H 2 O 2 and polymyxin B, and showed reduced survival in grapevine sap, when compared with wild-type X. fastidiosa Temecula 1 (TM1). Following inoculation, ΔPD1311 could not be detected in grape shoots, which may be related to its altered growth and sensitivity phenotypes. Inoculation with ΔPD1311 2 weeks prior to TM1 prevented the development of PD in a significant fraction of vines and eliminated detectable levels of TM1. In contrast, vines inoculated simultaneously with TM1 and ΔPD1311 developed disease at the same level as TM1 alone. In these vines, TM1 populations were distributed similarly to populations in TM1-only inoculated plants. These findings suggest that, through an indirect mechanism, pretreatment of vines with ΔPD1311 suppresses pathogen population and disease., (© 2016 BSPP AND JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD.)
Published: 2017
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17. Draft Genome Sequence of Mentha longifolia and Development of Resources for Mint Cultivar Improvement.

Author: Vining KJ, Johnson SR, Ahkami A, Lange I, Parrish AN, Trapp SC, Croteau RB, Straub SCK, Pandelova I, and Lange BM
Subjects: Base Sequence, Plant Breeding, Plant Diseases genetics, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Genome, Plant, Mentha genetics
Abstract: The genus Mentha encompasses mint species cultivated for their essential oils, which are formulated into a vast array of consumer products. Desirable oil characteristics and resistance to the fungal disease Verticillium wilt are top priorities for the mint industry. However, cultivated mints have complex polyploid genomes and are sterile. Breeding efforts, therefore, require the development of genomic resources for fertile mint species. Here, we present draft de novo genome and plastome assemblies for a wilt-resistant South African accession of Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds., a diploid species ancestral to cultivated peppermint and spearmint. The 353 Mb genome contains 35 597 predicted protein-coding genes, including 292 disease resistance gene homologs, and nine genes determining essential oil characteristics. A genetic linkage map ordered 1397 genome scaffolds on 12 pseudochromosomes. More than two million simple sequence repeats were identified, which will facilitate molecular marker development. The M. longifolia genome is a valuable resource for both metabolic engineering and molecular breeding. This is exemplified by employing the genome sequence to clone and functionally characterize the promoters in a peppermint cultivar, and demonstrating the utility of a glandular trichome-specific promoter to increase expression of a biosynthetic gene, thereby modulating essential oil composition., (Copyright © 2017 The Author. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2017
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18. Synthesis and evaluation of the anti-proliferative activity of diaryl-3-pyrrolin-2-ones and fused analogs.

Author: Mowery P, Banales Mejia F, Franceschi CL, Kean MH, Kwansare DO, Lafferty MM, Neerukonda ND, Rolph CE, Truax NJ, and Pelkey ET
Subjects: Antineoplastic Agents chemical synthesis, Antineoplastic Agents chemistry, Cell Line, Tumor, Cyclization, Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings chemical synthesis, Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings chemistry, Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings pharmacology, Humans, Pyrrolidinones chemical synthesis, Pyrrolidinones chemistry, Structure-Activity Relationship, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Pyrrolidinones pharmacology
Abstract: Analogs containing a central 3-pyrrolin-2-one core with different methoxyphenyl and/or indole substituents were prepared and tested for anti-proliferative activity in U-937 cells. The most efficacious analogs were non-rigid, (non-fused) contained methoxyaryl groups located at the 4-position, and contained either methoxyaryl or indole groups located at the 3-position. Both the number of methoxy groups contained in the substituents and the particular location of the indole rings with respect to the lactam carbonyl had significant affects on anti-proliferative activity. This work provides a framework to better understand structure-activity relationships for inducing anti-proliferative activity in diaryl heterocyclic scaffolds., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2017
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19. Identification of absolute geometries of cis and trans molecular isomers by Coulomb Explosion Imaging.

Author: Ablikim U, Bomme C, Xiong H, Savelyev E, Obaid R, Kaderiya B, Augustin S, Schnorr K, Dumitriu I, Osipov T, Bilodeau R, Kilcoyne D, Kumarappan V, Rudenko A, Berrah N, and Rolles D
Abstract: An experimental route to identify and separate geometric isomers by means of coincident Coulomb explosion imaging is presented, allowing isomer-resolved photoionization studies on isomerically mixed samples. We demonstrate the technique on cis/trans 1,2-dibromoethene (C 2 H 2 Br 2 ). The momentum correlation between the bromine ions in a three-body fragmentation process induced by bromine 3d inner-shell photoionization is used to identify the cis and trans structures of the isomers. The experimentally determined momentum correlations and the isomer-resolved fragment-ion kinetic energies are matched closely by a classical Coulomb explosion model.
Published: 2016
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20. Characterization of transient noise in Advanced LIGO relevant to gravitational wave signal GW150914.

Author: Abbott BP, Abbott R, Abbott TD, Abernathy MR, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adamo M, Adams C, Adams T, Addesso P, Adhikari RX, Adya VB, Affeldt C, Agathos M, Agatsuma K, Aggarwal N, Aguiar OD, Aiello L, Ain A, Ajith P, Allen B, Allocca A, Altin PA, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arai K, Araya MC, Arceneaux CC, Areeda JS, Arnaud N, Arun KG, Ascenzi S, Ashton G, Ast M, Aston SM, Astone P, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Bacon P, Bader MKM, Baker PT, Baldaccini F, Ballardin G, Ballmer SW, Barayoga JC, Barclay SE, Barish BC, Barker D, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barta D, Bartlett J, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Batch JC, Baune C, Bavigadda V, Bazzan M, Behnke B, Bejger M, Bell AS, Bell CJ, Berger BK, Bergman J, Bergmann G, Berry CPL, Bersanetti D, Bertolini A, Betzwieser J, Bhagwat S, Bhandare R, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Birch J, Birney R, Biscans S, Bisht A, Bitossi M, Biwer C, Bizouard MA, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair CD, Blair DG, Blair RM, Bloemen S, Bock O, Bodiya TP, Boer M, Bogaert G, Bogan C, Bohe A, Bojtos P, Bond C, Bondu F, Bonnand R, Boom BA, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Bouffanais Y, Bozzi A, Bradaschia C, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Branchesi M, Brau JE, Briant T, Brillet A, Brinkmann M, Brisson V, Brockill P, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brown DD, Brown NM, Buchanan CC, Buikema A, Bulik T, Bulten HJ, Buonanno A, Buskulic D, Buy C, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Cahillane C, Bustillo JC, Callister T, Calloni E, Camp JB, Cannon KC, Cao J, Capano CD, Capocasa E, Carbognani F, Caride S, Diaz JC, Casentini C, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cavalier F, Cavalieri R, Cella G, Cepeda CB, Baiardi LC, Cerretani G, Cesarini E, Chakraborty R, Chalermsongsak T, Chamberlin SJ, Chan M, Chao S, Charlton P, Chassande-Mottin E, Chatterji S, Chen HY, Chen Y, Cheng C, Chincarini A, Chiummo A, Cho HS, Cho M, Chow JH, Christensen N, Chu Q, Chua S, Chung S, Ciani G, Clara F, Clark JA, Cleva F, Coccia E, Cohadon PF, Colla A, Collette CG, Cominsky L, Constancio M Jr, Conte A, Conti L, Cook D, Corbitt TR, Cornish N, Corsi A, Cortese S, Costa CA, Coughlin MW, Coughlin SB, Coulon JP, Countryman ST, Couvares P, Cowan EE, Coward DM, Cowart MJ, Coyne DC, Coyne R, Craig K, Creighton JDE, Cripe J, Crowder SG, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cuoco E, Canton TD, Danilishin SL, D'Antonio S, Danzmann K, Darman NS, Dattilo V, Dave I, Daveloza HP, Davier M, Davies GS, Daw EJ, Day R, DeBra D, Debreczeni G, Degallaix J, Laurentis M, Deléglise S, Pozzo WD, Denker T, Dent T, Dereli H, Dergachev V, DeRosa RT, Rosa R, DeSalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz MC, Fiore LD, Giovanni MD, Lieto AD, Pace SD, Palma ID, Virgilio AD, Dojcinoski G, Dolique V, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doravari S, Douglas R, Downes TP, Drago M, Drever RWP, Driggers JC, Du Z, Ducrot M, Dwyer SE, Edo TB, Edwards MC, Effler A, Eggenstein HB, Ehrens P, Eichholz J, Eikenberry SS, Engels W, Essick RC, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans TM, Everett R, Factourovich M, Fafone V, Fair H, Fairhurst S, Fan X, Fang Q, Farinon S, Farr B, Farr WM, Favata M, Fays M, Fehrmann H, Fejer MM, Ferrante I, Ferreira EC, Ferrini F, Fidecaro F, Fiori I, Fiorucci D, Fisher RP, Flaminio R, Fletcher M, Fournier JD, Franco S, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Frey V, Fricke TT, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Gabbard HAG, Gair JR, Gammaitoni L, Gaonkar SG, Garufi F, Gatto A, Gaur G, Gehrels N, Gemme G, Gendre B, Genin E, Gennai A, George J, Gergely L, Germain V, Ghosh A, Ghosh S, Giaime JA, Giardina KD, Giazotto A, Gill K, Glaefke A, Goetz E, Goetz R, Gondan L, González G, Gonzalez Castro JM, Gopakumar A, Gordon NA, Gorodetsky ML, Gossan SE, Gosselin M, Gouaty R, Graef C, Graff PB, Granata M, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Greco G, Green AC, Groot P, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guidi GM, Guo X, Gupta A, Gupta MK, Gushwa KE, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hacker JJ, Hall BR, Hall ED, Hammond G, Haney M, Hanke MM, Hanks J, Hanna C, Hannam MD, Hanson J, Hardwick T, Harms J, Harry GM, Harry IW, Hart MJ, Hartman MT, Haster CJ, Haughian K, Heidmann A, Heintze MC, Heitmann H, Hello P, Hemming G, Hendry M, Heng IS, Hennig J, Heptonstall AW, Heurs M, Hild S, Hoak D, Hodge KA, Hofman D, Hollitt SE, Holt K, Holz DE, Hopkins P, Hosken DJ, Hough J, Houston EA, Howell EJ, Hu YM, Huang S, Huerta EA, Huet D, Hughey B, Husa S, Huttner SH, Huynh-Dinh T, Idrisy A, Indik N, Ingram DR, Inta R, Isa HN, Isac JM, Isi M, Islas G, Isogai T, Iyer BR, Izumi K, Jacqmin T, Jang H, Jani K, Jaranowski P, Jawahar S, Jiménez-Forteza F, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones R, Jonker RJG, Ju L, Haris K, Kalaghatgi CV, Kalogera V, Kandhasamy S, Kang G, Kanner JB, Karki S, Kasprzack M, Katsavounidis E, Katzman W, Kaufer S, Kaur T, Kawabe K, Kawazoe F, Kéfélian F, Kehl MS, Keitel D, Kelley DB, Kells W, Kennedy R, Key JS, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khan I, Khan S, Khan Z, Khazanov EA, Kijbunchoo N, Kim C, Kim J, Kim K, Nam-Gyu K, Kim N, Kim YM, King EJ, King PJ, Kinzel DL, Kissel JS, Kleybolte L, Klimenko S, Koehlenbeck SM, Kokeyama K, Koley S, Kondrashov V, Kontos A, Korobko M, Korth WZ, Kowalska I, Kozak DB, Kringel V, Krishnan B, Królak A, Krueger C, Kuehn G, Kumar P, Kuo L, Kutynia A, Lackey BD, Landry M, Lange J, Lantz B, Lasky PD, Lazzarini A, Lazzaro C, Leaci P, Leavey S, Lebigot EO, Lee CH, Lee HK, Lee HM, Lee K, Lenon A, Leonardi M, Leong JR, Leroy N, Letendre N, Levin Y, Levine BM, Li TGF, Libson A, Littenberg TB, Lockerbie NA, Logue J, Lombardi AL, Lord JE, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lough JD, Lück H, Lundgren AP, Luo J, Lynch R, Ma Y, MacDonald T, Machenschalk B, MacInnis M, Macleod DM, Magaña-Sandoval F, Magee RM, Mageswaran M, Majorana E, Maksimovic I, Malvezzi V, Man N, Mandel I, Mandic V, Mangano V, Mansell GL, Manske M, Mantovani M, Marchesoni F, Marion F, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan AS, Maros E, Martelli F, Martellini L, Martin IW, Martin RM, Martynov DV, Marx JN, Mason K, Masserot A, Massinger TJ, Masso-Reid M, Matichard F, Matone L, Mavalvala N, Mazumder N, Mazzolo G, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McCormick S, McGuire SC, McIntyre G, McIver J, McManus DJ, McWilliams ST, Meacher D, Meadors GD, Meidam J, Melatos A, Mendell G, Mendoza-Gandara D, Mercer RA, Merilh E, Merzougui M, Meshkov S, Messenger C, Messick C, Meyers PM, Mezzani F, Miao H, Michel C, Middleton H, Mikhailov EE, Milano L, Miller J, Millhouse M, Minenkov Y, Ming J, Mirshekari S, Mishra C, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Moggi A, Mohan M, Mohapatra SRP, Montani M, Moore BC, Moore CJ, Moraru D, Moreno G, Morriss SR, Mossavi K, Mours B, Mow-Lowry CM, Mueller CL, Mueller G, Muir AW, Mukherjee A, Mukherjee D, Mukherjee S, Mukund N, Mullavey A, Munch J, Murphy DJ, Murray PG, Mytidis A, Nardecchia I, Naticchioni L, Nayak RK, Necula V, Nedkova K, Nelemans G, Neri M, Neunzert A, Newton G, Nguyen TT, Nielsen AB, Nissanke S, Nitz A, Nocera F, Nolting D, Normandin ME, Nuttall LK, Oberling J, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Oelker E, Ogin GH, Oh JJ, Oh SH, Ohme F, Oliver M, Oppermann P, Oram RJ, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Pai A, Pai SA, Palamos JR, Palashov O, Palomba C, Pal-Singh A, Pan H, Pankow C, Pannarale F, Pant BC, Paoletti F, Paoli A, Papa MA, Paris HR, Parker W, Pascucci D, Pasqualetti A, Passaquieti R, Passuello D, Patricelli B, Patrick Z, Pearlstone BL, Pedraza M, Pedurand R, Pekowsky L, Pele A, Penn S, Perreca A, Phelps M, Piccinni O, Pichot M, Piergiovanni F, Pierro V, Pillant G, Pinard L, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Poggiani R, Popolizio P, Post A, Powell J, Prasad J, Predoi V, Premachandra SS, Prestegard T, Price LR, Prijatelj M, Principe M, Privitera S, Prodi GA, Prokhorov L, Puncken O, Punturo M, Puppo P, Pürrer M, Qi H, Qin J, Quetschke V, Quintero EA, Quitzow-James R, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Radkins H, Raffai P, Raja S, Rakhmanov M, Rapagnani P, Raymond V, Razzano M, Re V, Read J, Reed CM, Regimbau T, Rei L, Reid S, Reitze DH, Rew H, Reyes SD, Ricci F, Riles K, Robertson NA, Robie R, Robinet F, Rocchi A, Rolland L, Rollins JG, Roma VJ, Romano R, Romanov G, Romie JH, Rosińska D, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruggi P, Ryan K, Sachdev S, Sadecki T, Sadeghian L, Salconi L, Saleem M, Salemi F, Samajdar A, Sammut L, Sanchez EJ, Sandberg V, Sandeen B, Sanders JR, Sassolas B, Sathyaprakash BS, Saulson PR, Sauter O, Savage RL, Sawadsky A, Schale P, Schilling R, Schmidt J, Schmidt P, Schnabel R, Schofield RMS, Schönbeck A, Schreiber E, Schuette D, Schutz BF, Scott J, Scott SM, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sentenac D, Sequino V, Sergeev A, Serna G, Setyawati Y, Sevigny A, Shaddock DA, Shah S, Shahriar MS, Shaltev M, Shao Z, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Sheperd A, Shoemaker DH, Shoemaker DM, Siellez K, Siemens X, Sigg D, Silva AD, Simakov D, Singer A, Singer LP, Singh A, Singh R, Singhal A, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith ND, Smith RJE, Son EJ, Sorazu B, Sorrentino F, Souradeep T, Srivastava AK, Staley A, Steinke M, Steinlechner J, Steinlechner S, Steinmeyer D, Stephens BC, Stone R, Strain KA, Straniero N, Stratta G, Strauss NA, Strigin S, Sturani R, Stuver AL, Summerscales TZ, Sun L, Sutton PJ, Swinkels BL, Szczepańczyk MJ, Tacca M, Talukder D, Tanner DB, Tápai M, Tarabrin SP, Taracchini A, Taylor R, Theeg T, Thirugnanasambandam MP, Thomas EG, Thomas M, Thomas P, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thrane E, Tiwari S, Tiwari V, Tokmakov KV, Tomlinson C, Tonelli M, Torres CV, Torrie CI, Töyrä D, Travasso F, Traylor G, Trifirò D, Tringali MC, Trozzo L, Tse M, Turconi M, Tuyenbayev D, Ugolini D, Unnikrishnan CS, Urban AL, Usman SA, Vahlbruch H, Vajente G, Valdes G, van Bakel N, van Beuzekom M, van den Brand JFJ, Van Den Broeck C, Vander-Hyde DC, van der Schaaf L, van Heijningen JV, van Veggel AA, Vardaro M, Vass S, Vasúth M, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Vedovato G, Veitch J, Veitch PJ, Venkateswara K, Verkindt D, Vetrano F, Viceré A, Vinciguerra S, Vine DJ, Vinet JY, Vitale S, Vo T, Vocca H, Vorvick C, Voss D, Vousden WD, Vyatchanin SP, Wade AR, Wade LE, Wade M, Walker M, Wallace L, Walsh S, Wang G, Wang H, Wang M, Wang X, Wang Y, Ward RL, Warner J, Was M, Weaver B, Wei LW, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Welborn T, Wen L, Weßels P, Westphal T, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb S, White DJ, Whiting BF, Williams RD, Williamson AR, Willis JL, Willke B, Wimmer MH, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wittel H, Woan G, Worden J, Wright JL, Wu G, Yablon J, Yam W, Yamamoto H, Yancey CC, Yap MJ, Yu H, Yvert M, Zadrożny A, Zangrando L, Zanolin M, Zendri JP, Zevin M, Zhang F, Zhang L, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Zhao C, Zhou M, Zhou Z, Zhu XJ, Zotov N, Zucker ME, Zuraw SE, and Zweizig J
Abstract: On September 14, 2015, a gravitational wave signal from a coalescing black hole binary system was observed by the Advanced LIGO detectors. This paper describes the transient noise backgrounds used to determine the significance of the event (designated GW150914) and presents the results of investigations into potential correlated or uncorrelated sources of transient noise in the detectors around the time of the event. The detectors were operating nominally at the time of GW150914. We have ruled out environmental influences and non-Gaussian instrument noise at either LIGO detector as the cause of the observed gravitational wave signal.
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. GW150914: First results from the search for binary black hole coalescence with Advanced LIGO.

Author: Abbott BP, Abbott R, Abbott TD, Abernathy MR, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adams C, Adams T, Addesso P, Adhikari RX, Adya VB, Affeldt C, Agathos M, Agatsuma K, Aggarwal N, Aguiar OD, Aiello L, Ain A, Ajith P, Allen B, Allocca A, Altin PA, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arai K, Araya MC, Arceneaux CC, Areeda JS, Arnaud N, Arun KG, Ascenzi S, Ashton G, Ast M, Aston SM, Astone P, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Bacon P, Bader MKM, Baker PT, Baldaccini F, Ballardin G, Ballmer SW, Barayoga JC, Barclay SE, Barish BC, Barker D, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barta D, Bartlett J, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Batch JC, Baune C, Bavigadda V, Bazzan M, Behnke B, Bejger M, Bell AS, Bell CJ, Berger BK, Bergman J, Bergmann G, Berry CPL, Bersanetti D, Bertolini A, Betzwieser J, Bhagwat S, Bhandare R, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Birch J, Birney R, Biscans S, Bisht A, Bitossi M, Biwer C, Bizouard MA, Blackburn JK, Blair CD, Blair DG, Blair RM, Bloemen S, Bock O, Bodiya TP, Boer M, Bogaert G, Bogan C, Bohe A, Bohémier K, Bojtos P, Bond C, Bondu F, Bonnand R, Boom BA, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Bouffanais Y, Bozzi A, Bradaschia C, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Branchesi M, Brau JE, Briant T, Brillet A, Brinkmann M, Brisson V, Brockill P, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brown DD, Brown NM, Buchanan CC, Buikema A, Bulik T, Bulten HJ, Buonanno A, Buskulic D, Buy C, Byer RL, Cabero M, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Cahillane C, Calderón Bustillo J, Callister T, Calloni E, Camp JB, Cannon KC, Cao J, Capano CD, Capocasa E, Carbognani F, Caride S, Diaz JC, Casentini C, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cavalier F, Cavalieri R, Cella G, Cepeda CB, Baiardi LC, Cerretani G, Cesarini E, Chakraborty R, Chalermsongsak T, Chamberlin SJ, Chan M, Chao S, Charlton P, Chassande-Mottin E, Chen HY, Chen Y, Cheng C, Chincarini A, Chiummo A, Cho HS, Cho M, Chow JH, Christensen N, Chu Q, Chua S, Chung S, Ciani G, Clara F, Clark JA, Clayton JH, Cleva F, Coccia E, Cohadon PF, Cokelaer T, Colla A, Collette CG, Cominsky L, Constancio M Jr, Conte A, Conti L, Cook D, Corbitt TR, Cornish N, Corsi A, Cortese S, Costa CA, Coughlin MW, Coughlin SB, Coulon JP, Countryman ST, Couvares P, Cowan EE, Coward DM, Cowart MJ, Coyne DC, Coyne R, Craig K, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Cripe J, Crowder SG, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cuoco E, Dal Canton T, Danilishin SL, D'Antonio S, Danzmann K, Darman NS, Dattilo V, Dave I, Daveloza HP, Davier M, Davies GS, Daw EJ, Day R, De S, DeBra D, Debreczeni G, Degallaix J, De Laurentis M, Deléglise S, Del Pozzo W, Denker T, Dent T, Dereli H, Dergachev V, DeRosa RT, De Rosa R, DeSalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz MC, Dietz A, Di Fiore L, Di Giovanni M, Di Lieto A, Di Pace S, Di Palma I, Di Virgilio A, Dojcinoski G, Dolique V, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doravari S, Douglas R, Downes TP, Drago M, Drever RWP, Driggers JC, Du Z, Ducrot M, Dwyer SE, Edo TB, Edwards MC, Effler A, Eggenstein HB, Ehrens P, Eichholz J, Eikenberry SS, Engels W, Essick RC, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans TM, Everett R, Factourovich M, Fafone V, Fair H, Fairhurst S, Fan X, Fang Q, Farinon S, Farr B, Farr WM, Favata M, Fays M, Fehrmann H, Fejer MM, Ferrante I, Ferreira EC, Ferrini F, Fidecaro F, Fiori I, Fiorucci D, Fisher RP, Flaminio R, Fletcher M, Fotopoulos N, Fournier JD, Franco S, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Frei M, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Frey V, Fricke TT, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Gabbard HAG, Gair JR, Gammaitoni L, Gaonkar SG, Garufi F, Gatto A, Gaur G, Gehrels N, Gemme G, Gendre B, Genin E, Gennai A, George J, Gergely L, Germain V, Ghosh A, Ghosh S, Giaime JA, Giardina KD, Giazotto A, Gill K, Glaefke A, Goetz E, Goetz R, Goggin LM, Gondan L, González G, Gonzalez Castro JM, Gopakumar A, Gordon NA, Gorodetsky ML, Gossan SE, Gosselin M, Gouaty R, Graef C, Graff PB, Granata M, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Greco G, Green AC, Groot P, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guidi GM, Guo X, Gupta A, Gupta MK, Gushwa KE, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hacker JJ, Hall BR, Hall ED, Hammond G, Haney M, Hanke MM, Hanks J, Hanna C, Hannam MD, Hanson J, Hardwick T, Harms J, Harry GM, Harry IW, Hart MJ, Hartman MT, Haster CJ, Haughian K, Heidmann A, Heintze MC, Heitmann H, Hello P, Hemming G, Hendry M, Heng IS, Hennig J, Heptonstall AW, Heurs M, Hild S, Hoak D, Hodge KA, Hofman D, Hollitt SE, Holt K, Holz DE, Hopkins P, Hosken DJ, Hough J, Houston EA, Howell EJ, Hu YM, Huang S, Huerta EA, Huet D, Hughey B, Husa S, Huttner SH, Huynh-Dinh T, Idrisy A, Indik N, Ingram DR, Inta R, Isa HN, Isac JM, Isi M, Islas G, Isogai T, Iyer BR, Izumi K, Jacqmin T, Jang H, Jani K, Jaranowski P, Jawahar S, Jiménez-Forteza F, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones G, Jones R, Jonker RJG, Ju L, Haris K, Kalaghatgi CV, Kalogera V, Kandhasamy S, Kang G, Kanner JB, Karki S, Kasprzack M, Katsavounidis E, Katzman W, Kaufer S, Kaur T, Kawabe K, Kawazoe F, Kéfélian F, Kehl MS, Keitel D, Kelley DB, Kells W, Keppel DG, Kennedy R, Key JS, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khan I, Khan S, Khan Z, Khazanov EA, Kijbunchoo N, Kim C, Kim J, Kim K, Kim NG, Kim N, Kim YM, King EJ, King PJ, Kinzel DL, Kissel JS, Kleybolte L, Klimenko S, Koehlenbeck SM, Kokeyama K, Koley S, Kondrashov V, Kontos A, Korobko M, Korth WZ, Kowalska I, Kozak DB, Kringel V, Krishnan B, Królak A, Krueger C, Kuehn G, Kumar P, Kuo L, Kutynia A, Lackey BD, Landry M, Lange J, Lantz B, Lasky PD, Lazzarini A, Lazzaro C, Leaci P, Leavey S, Lebigot EO, Lee CH, Lee HK, Lee HM, Lee K, Lenon A, Leonardi M, Leong JR, Leroy N, Letendre N, Levin Y, Levine BM, Li TGF, Libson A, Littenberg TB, Lockerbie NA, Logue J, Lombardi AL, Lord JE, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lough JD, Lück H, Lundgren AP, Luo J, Lynch R, Ma Y, MacDonald T, Machenschalk B, MacInnis M, Macleod DM, Magaña-Sandoval F, Magee RM, Mageswaran M, Majorana E, Maksimovic I, Malvezzi V, Man N, Mandel I, Mandic V, Mangano V, Mansell GL, Manske M, Mantovani M, Marchesoni F, Marion F, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan AS, Maros E, Martelli F, Martellini L, Martin IW, Martin RM, Martynov DV, Marx JN, Mason K, Masserot A, Massinger TJ, Masso-Reid M, Matichard F, Matone L, Mavalvala N, Mazumder N, Mazzolo G, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McCormick S, McGuire SC, McIntyre G, McIver J, McKechan DJA, McManus DJ, McWilliams ST, Meacher D, Meadors GD, Meidam J, Melatos A, Mendell G, Mendoza-Gandara D, Mercer RA, Merilh E, Merzougui M, Meshkov S, Messaritaki E, Messenger C, Messick C, Meyers PM, Mezzani F, Miao H, Michel C, Middleton H, Mikhailov EE, Milano L, Miller J, Millhouse M, Minenkov Y, Ming J, Mirshekari S, Mishra C, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Moggi A, Mohan M, Mohapatra SRP, Montani M, Moore BC, Moore CJ, Moraru D, Moreno G, Morriss SR, Mossavi K, Mours B, Mow-Lowry CM, Mueller CL, Mueller G, Muir AW, Mukherjee A, Mukherjee D, Mukherjee S, Mukund N, Mullavey A, Munch J, Murphy DJ, Murray PG, Mytidis A, Nardecchia I, Naticchioni L, Nayak RK, Necula V, Nedkova K, Nelemans G, Neri M, Neunzert A, Newton G, Nguyen TT, Nielsen AB, Nissanke S, Nitz A, Nocera F, Nolting D, Normandin ME, Nuttall LK, Oberling J, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Oelker E, Ogin GH, Oh JJ, Oh SH, Ohme F, Oliver M, Oppermann P, Oram RJ, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Pai A, Pai SA, Palamos JR, Palashov O, Palomba C, Pal-Singh A, Pan H, Pan Y, Pankow C, Pannarale F, Pant BC, Paoletti F, Paoli A, Papa MA, Paris HR, Parker W, Pascucci D, Pasqualetti A, Passaquieti R, Passuello D, Patricelli B, Patrick Z, Pearlstone BL, Pedraza M, Pedurand R, Pekowsky L, Pele A, Penn S, Perreca A, Phelps M, Piccinni O, Pichot M, Piergiovanni F, Pierro V, Pillant G, Pinard L, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Poggiani R, Popolizio P, Post A, Powell J, Prasad J, Predoi V, Premachandra SS, Prestegard T, Price LR, Prijatelj M, Principe M, Privitera S, Prodi GA, Prokhorov L, Puncken O, Punturo M, Puppo P, Pürrer M, Qi H, Qin J, Quetschke V, Quintero EA, Quitzow-James R, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Radkins H, Raffai P, Raja S, Rakhmanov M, Rapagnani P, Raymond V, Razzano M, Re V, Read J, Reed CM, Regimbau T, Rei L, Reid S, Reitze DH, Rew H, Reyes SD, Ricci F, Riles K, Robertson NA, Robie R, Robinet F, Robinson C, Rocchi A, Rodriguez AC, Rolland L, Rollins JG, Roma VJ, Romano R, Romanov G, Romie JH, Rosińska D, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruggi P, Ryan K, Sachdev S, Sadecki T, Sadeghian L, Salconi L, Saleem M, Salemi F, Samajdar A, Sammut L, Sanchez EJ, Sandberg V, Sandeen B, Sanders JR, Santamaría L, Sassolas B, Sathyaprakash BS, Saulson PR, Sauter O, Savage RL, Sawadsky A, Schale P, Schilling R, Schmidt J, Schmidt P, Schnabel R, Schofield RMS, Schönbeck A, Schreiber E, Schuette D, Schutz BF, Scott J, Scott SM, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sentenac D, Sequino V, Sergeev A, Serna G, Setyawati Y, Sevigny A, Shaddock DA, Shah S, Shahriar MS, Shaltev M, Shao Z, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Sheperd A, Shoemaker DH, Shoemaker DM, Siellez K, Siemens X, Sigg D, Silva AD, Simakov D, Singer A, Singer LP, Singh A, Singh R, Singhal A, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJJ, Smith JR, Smith ND, Smith RJE, Son EJ, Sorazu B, Sorrentino F, Souradeep T, Srivastava AK, Staley A, Steinke M, Steinlechner J, Steinlechner S, Steinmeyer D, Stephens BC, Stone R, Strain KA, Straniero N, Stratta G, Strauss NA, Strigin S, Sturani R, Stuver AL, Summerscales TZ, Sun L, Sutton PJ, Swinkels BL, Szczepańczyk MJ, Tacca M, Talukder D, Tanner DB, Tápai M, Tarabrin SP, Taracchini A, Taylor R, Theeg T, Thirugnanasambandam MP, Thomas EG, Thomas M, Thomas P, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thrane E, Tiwari S, Tiwari V, Tokmakov KV, Tomlinson C, Tonelli M, Torres CV, Torrie CI, Töyrä D, Travasso F, Traylor G, Trifirò D, Tringali MC, Trozzo L, Tse M, Turconi M, Tuyenbayev D, Ugolini D, Unnikrishnan CS, Urban AL, Usman SA, Vahlbruch H, Vajente G, Valdes G, van Bakel N, van Beuzekom M, van den Brand JFJ, Van Den Broeck C, Vander-Hyde DC, van der Schaaf L, van Heijningen JV, van Veggel AA, Vardaro M, Vass S, Vasúth M, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Vedovato G, Veitch J, Veitch PJ, Venkateswara K, Verkindt D, Vetrano F, Viceré A, Vinciguerra S, Vine DJ, Vinet JY, Vitale S, Vo T, Vocca H, Vorvick C, Voss D, Vousden WD, Vyatchanin SP, Wade AR, Wade LE, Wade M, Walker M, Wallace L, Walsh S, Wang G, Wang H, Wang M, Wang X, Wang Y, Ward RL, Warner J, Was M, Weaver B, Wei LW, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Welborn T, Wen L, Weßels P, West M, Westphal T, Wette K, Whelan JT, White DJ, Whiting BF, Wiesner K, Williams RD, Williamson AR, Willis JL, Willke B, Wimmer MH, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Wittel H, Woan G, Worden J, Wright JL, Wu G, Yablon J, Yam W, Yamamoto H, Yancey CC, Yap MJ, Yu H, Yvert M, Zadrożny A, Zangrando L, Zanolin M, Zendri JP, Zevin M, Zhang F, Zhang L, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Zhao C, Zhou M, Zhou Z, Zhu XJ, Zucker ME, Zuraw SE, and Zweizig J
Abstract: On September 14, 2015 at 09:50:45 UTC the two detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) simultaneously observed the binary black hole merger GW150914. We report the results of a matched-filter search using relativistic models of compact-object binaries that recovered GW150914 as the most significant event during the coincident observations between the two LIGO detectors from September 12 to October 20, 2015. GW150914 was observed with a matched filter signal-to-noise ratio of 24 and a false alarm rate estimated to be less than 1 event per 203000 years, equivalent to a significance greater than 5.1 σ .
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. Prospects for Observing and Localizing Gravitational-Wave Transients with Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo.

Author: Abbott BP, Abbott R, Abbott TD, Abernathy MR, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adams C, Adams T, Addesso P, Adhikari RX, Adya VB, Affeldt C, Agathos M, Agatsuma K, Aggarwal N, Aguiar OD, Ain A, Ajith P, Allen B, Allocca A, Altin PA, Amariutei DV, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arai K, Araya MC, Arceneaux CC, Areeda JS, Arnaud N, Arun KG, Ashton G, Ast M, Aston SM, Astone P, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Baker PT, Baldaccini F, Ballardin G, Ballmer SW, Barayoga JC, Barclay SE, Barish BC, Barker D, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barta D, Bartlett J, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Batch JC, Baune C, Bavigadda V, Bazzan M, Behnke B, Bejger M, Belczynski C, Bell AS, Bell CJ, Berger BK, Bergman J, Bergmann G, Berry CP, Bersanetti D, Bertolini A, Betzwieser J, Bhagwat S, Bhandare R, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Birch J, Birney R, Biscans S, Bisht A, Bitossi M, Biwer C, Bizouard MA, Blackburn JK, Blair CD, Blair D, Blair RM, Bloemen S, Bock O, Bodiya TP, Boer M, Bogaert G, Bogan C, Bohe A, Bojtos P, Bond C, Bondu F, Bonnand R, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Bozzi A, Bradaschia C, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Branchesi M, Brau JE, Briant T, Brillet A, Brinkmann M, Brisson V, Brockill P, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brown DD, Brown NM, Buchanan CC, Buikema A, Bulik T, Bulten HJ, Buonanno A, Buskulic D, Buy C, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Cahillane C, Calderón Bustillo J, Callister T, Calloni E, Camp JB, Cannon KC, Cao J, Capano CD, Capocasa E, Carbognani F, Caride S, Casanueva Diaz J, Casentini C, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cavalier F, Cavalieri R, Cella G, Cepeda C, Cerboni Baiardi L, Cerretani G, Cesarini E, Chakraborty R, Chalermsongsak T, Chamberlin SJ, Chan M, Chao S, Charlton P, Chassande-Mottin E, Chen HY, Chen Y, Cheng C, Chincarini A, Chiummo A, Cho HS, Cho M, Chow JH, Christensen N, Chu Q, Chua S, Chung S, Ciani G, Clara F, Clark JA, Cleva F, Coccia E, Cohadon PF, Colla A, Collette CG, Constancio M Jr, Conte A, Conti L, Cook D, Corbitt TR, Cornish N, Corsi A, Cortese S, Costa CA, Coughlin MW, Coughlin SB, Coulon JP, Countryman ST, Couvares P, Coward DM, Cowart MJ, Coyne DC, Coyne R, Craig K, Creighton JD, Cripe J, Crowder SG, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cuoco E, Dal Canton T, Danilishin SL, D'Antonio S, Danzmann K, Darman NS, Dattilo V, Dave I, Daveloza HP, Davier M, Davies GS, Daw EJ, Day R, DeBra D, Debreczeni G, Degallaix J, De Laurentis M, Deléglise S, Del Pozzo W, Denker T, Dent T, Dereli H, Dergachev V, DeRosa R, De Rosa R, DeSalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz MC, Di Fiore L, Di Giovanni M, Di Lieto A, Di Palma I, Di Virgilio A, Dojcinoski G, Dolique V, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doravari S, Douglas R, Downes TP, Drago M, Drever RW, Driggers JC, Du Z, Ducrot M, Dwyer SE, Edo TB, Edwards MC, Effler A, Eggenstein HB, Ehrens P, Eichholz JM, Eikenberry SS, Engels W, Essick RC, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans TM, Everett R, Factourovich M, Fafone V, Fair H, Fairhurst S, Fan X, Fang Q, Farinon S, Farr B, Farr WM, Favata M, Fays M, Fehrmann H, Fejer MM, Ferrante I, Ferreira EC, Ferrini F, Fidecaro F, Fiori I, Fisher RP, Flaminio R, Fletcher M, Fournier JD, Franco S, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Gabbard HA, Gair JR, Gammaitoni L, Gaonkar SG, Garufi F, Gatto A, Gaur G, Gehrels N, Gemme G, Gendre B, Genin E, Gennai A, George J, Gergely L, Germain V, Ghosh A, Ghosh S, Giaime JA, Giardina KD, Giazotto A, Gill K, Glaefke A, Goetz E, Goetz R, Gondan L, González G, Castro JM, Gopakumar A, Gordon NA, Gorodetsky ML, Gossan SE, Gosselin M, Gouaty R, Graef C, Graff PB, Granata M, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Greco G, Green AC, Groot P, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guidi GM, Guo X, Gupta A, Gupta MK, Gushwa KE, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hacker JJ, Hall BR, Hall ED, Hammond G, Haney M, Hanke MM, Hanks J, Hanna C, Hannam MD, Hanson J, Hardwick T, Harms J, Harry GM, Harry IW, Hart MJ, Hartman MT, Haster CJ, Haughian K, Heidmann A, Heintze MC, Heitmann H, Hello P, Hemming G, Hendry M, Heng IS, Hennig J, Heptonstall AW, Heurs M, Hild S, Hoak D, Hodge KA, Hofman D, Hollitt SE, Holt K, Holz DE, Hopkins P, Hosken DJ, Hough J, Houston EA, Howell EJ, Hu YM, Huang S, Huerta EA, Huet D, Hughey B, Husa S, Huttner SH, Huynh-Dinh T, Idrisy A, Indik N, Ingram DR, Inta R, Isa HN, Isac JM, Isi M, Islas G, Isogai T, Iyer BR, Izumi K, Jacqmin T, Jang H, Jani K, Jaranowski P, Jawahar S, Jiménez-Forteza F, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones R, Jonker RJ, Ju L, Haris K, Kalaghatgi CV, Kalogera V, Kandhasamy S, Kang G, Kanner JB, Karki S, Kasprzack M, Katsavounidis E, Katzman W, Kaufer S, Kaur T, Kawabe K, Kawazoe F, Kéfélian F, Kehl MS, Keitel D, Kelley DB, Kells W, Kennedy R, Key JS, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khan S, Khan Z, Khazanov EA, Kijbunchoo N, Kim C, Kim J, Kim K, Kim N, Kim YM, King EJ, King PJ, Kinzel DL, Kissel JS, Kleybolte L, Klimenko S, Koehlenbeck SM, Kokeyama K, Koley S, Kondrashov V, Kontos A, Korobko M, Korth WZ, Kowalska I, Kozak DB, Kringel V, Krishnan B, Królak A, Krueger C, Kuehn G, Kumar P, Kuo L, Kutynia A, Lackey BD, Landry M, Lange J, Lantz B, Lasky PD, Lazzarini A, Lazzaro C, Leaci P, Leavey S, Lebigot E, Lee CH, Lee HK, Lee HM, Lee K, Lenon A, Leonardi M, Leong JR, Leroy N, Letendre N, Levin Y, Levine BM, Li TG, Libson A, Littenberg TB, Lockerbie NA, Logue J, Lombardi AL, Lord JE, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lough JD, Lück H, Lundgren AP, Luo J, Lynch R, Ma Y, MacDonald T, Machenschalk B, MacInnis M, Macleod DM, Magaña-Sandoval F, Magee RM, Mageswaran M, Majorana E, Maksimovic I, Malvezzi V, Man N, Mandel I, Mandic V, Mangano V, Mansell GL, Manske M, Mantovani M, Marchesoni F, Marion F, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan AS, Maros E, Martelli F, Martellini L, Martin IW, Martin RM, Martynov DV, Marx JN, Mason K, Masserot A, Massinger TJ, Masso-Reid M, Matichard F, Matone L, Mavalvala N, Mazumder N, Mazzolo G, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McCormick S, McGuire SC, McIntyre G, McIver J, McManus DJ, McWilliams ST, Meacher D, Meadors GD, Meidam J, Melatos A, Mendell G, Mendoza-Gandara D, Mercer RA, Merilh E, Merzougui M, Meshkov S, Messenger C, Messick C, Meyers PM, Mezzani F, Miao H, Michel C, Middleton H, Mikhailov EE, Milano L, Miller J, Millhouse M, Minenkov Y, Ming J, Mirshekari S, Mishra C, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Moggi A, Mohan M, Mohapatra SR, Montani M, Moore BC, Moore CJ, Moraru D, Moreno G, Morriss SR, Mossavi K, Mours B, Mow-Lowry CM, Mueller CL, Mueller G, Muir AW, Mukherjee A, Mukherjee D, Mukherjee S, Mullavey A, Munch J, Murphy DJ, Murray PG, Mytidis A, Nardecchia I, Naticchioni L, Nayak RK, Necula V, Nedkova K, Nelemans G, Neri M, Neunzert A, Newton G, Nguyen TT, Nielsen AB, Nissanke S, Nitz A, Nocera F, Nolting D, Normandin ME, Nuttall LK, Oberling J, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Oelker E, Ogin GH, Oh JJ, Oh SH, Ohme F, Oliver M, Oppermann P, Oram RJ, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Ott CD, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Pai A, Pai SA, Palamos JR, Palashov O, Palomba C, Pal-Singh A, Pan H, Pankow C, Pannarale F, Pant BC, Paoletti F, Paoli A, Papa MA, Paris HR, Parker W, Pascucci D, Pasqualetti A, Passaquieti R, Passuello D, Patrick Z, Pearlstone BL, Pedraza M, Pedurand R, Pekowsky L, Pele A, Penn S, Pereira R, Perreca A, Phelps M, Piccinni O, Pichot M, Piergiovanni F, Pierro V, Pillant G, Pinard L, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Poggiani R, Post A, Powell J, Prasad J, Predoi V, Premachandra SS, Prestegard T, Price LR, Prijatelj M, Principe M, Privitera S, Prodi GA, Prokhorov L, Punturo M, Puppo P, Pürrer M, Qi H, Qin J, Quetschke V, Quintero EA, Quitzow-James R, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Radkins H, Raffai P, Raja S, Rakhmanov M, Rapagnani P, Raymond V, Razzano M, Re V, Read J, Reed CM, Regimbau T, Rei L, Reid S, Reitze DH, Rew H, Ricci F, Riles K, Robertson NA, Robie R, Robinet F, Rocchi A, Rolland L, Rollins JG, Roma VJ, Romano JD, Romano R, Romanov G, Romie JH, Rosińska D, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruggi P, Ryan K, Sachdev S, Sadecki T, Sadeghian L, Saleem M, Salemi F, Samajdar A, Sammut L, Sanchez EJ, Sandberg V, Sandeen B, Sanders JR, Sassolas B, Sathyaprakash BS, Saulson PR, Sauter O, Savage RL, Sawadsky A, Schale P, Schilling R, Schmidt J, Schmidt P, Schnabel R, Schofield RM, Schönbeck A, Schreiber E, Schuette D, Schutz BF, Scott J, Scott SM, Sellers D, Sentenac D, Sequino V, Sergeev A, Serna G, Setyawati Y, Sevigny A, Shaddock DA, Shah S, Shahriar MS, Shaltev M, Shao Z, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Sheperd A, Shoemaker DH, Shoemaker DM, Siellez K, Siemens X, Sigg D, Silva AD, Simakov D, Singer A, Singer LP, Singh A, Singh R, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJ, Smith JR, Smith ND, Smith RJ, Son EJ, Sorazu B, Sorrentino F, Souradeep T, Srivastava AK, Staley A, Steinke M, Steinlechner J, Steinlechner S, Steinmeyer D, Stephens BC, Stone R, Strain KA, Straniero N, Stratta G, Strauss NA, Strigin S, Sturani R, Stuver AL, Summerscales TZ, Sun L, Sutton PJ, Swinkels BL, Szczepanczyk MJ, Tacca M, Talukder D, Tanner DB, Tápai M, Tarabrin SP, Taracchini A, Taylor R, Theeg T, Thirugnanasambandam MP, Thomas EG, Thomas M, Thomas P, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thrane E, Tiwari S, Tiwari V, Tokmakov KV, Tomlinson C, Tonelli M, Torres CV, Torrie CI, Töyrä D, Travasso F, Traylor G, Trifirò D, Tringali MC, Trozzo L, Tse M, Turconi M, Tuyenbayev D, Ugolini D, Unnikrishnan CS, Urban AL, Usman SA, Vahlbruch H, Vajente G, Valdes G, van Bakel N, van Beuzekom M, van den Brand JF, van den Broeck C, Vander-Hyde DC, van der Schaaf L, van der Sluys MV, van Heijningen JV, van Veggel AA, Vardaro M, Vass S, Vasúth M, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Vedovato G, Veitch J, Veitch PJ, Venkateswara K, Verkindt D, Vetrano F, Viceré A, Vinciguerra S, Vine DJ, Vinet JY, Vitale S, Vo T, Vocca H, Vorvick C, Vousden WD, Vyatchanin SP, Wade AR, Wade LE, Wade M, Walker M, Wallace L, Walsh S, Wang G, Wang H, Wang M, Wang X, Wang Y, Ward RL, Warner J, Was M, Weaver B, Wei LW, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Welborn T, Wen L, Weßels P, Westphal T, Wette K, Whelan JT, White DJ, Whiting BF, Williams RD, Williamson AR, Willis JL, Willke B, Wimmer MH, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wittel H, Woan G, Worden J, Wright JL, Wu G, Yablon J, Yam W, Yamamoto H, Yancey CC, Yap MJ, Yu H, Yvert M, Zadrożny A, Zangrando L, Zanolin M, Zendri JP, Zevin M, Zhang F, Zhang L, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Zhao C, Zhou M, Zhou Z, Zhu XJ, Zucker ME, Zuraw SE, and Zweizig J
Abstract: We present a possible observing scenario for the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo gravitational-wave detectors over the next decade, with the intention of providing information to the astronomy community to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We determine the expected sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals, and study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source. We report our findings for gravitational-wave transients, with particular focus on gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary neutron-star systems, which are considered the most promising for multi-messenger astronomy. The ability to localize the sources of the detected signals depends on the geographical distribution of the detectors and their relative sensitivity, and 90% credible regions can be as large as thousands of square degrees when only two sensitive detectors are operational. Determining the sky position of a significant fraction of detected signals to areas of 5 deg 2 to 20 deg 2 will require at least three detectors of sensitivity within a factor of ∼ 2 of each other and with a broad frequency bandwidth. Should the third LIGO detector be relocated to India as expected, a significant fraction of gravitational-wave signals will be localized to a few square degrees by gravitational-wave observations alone.
Published: 2016
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23. Flight Tunnel Response of Male European Corn Borer Moths to Cross-Specific Mixtures of European and Asian Corn Borer Sex Pheromones: Evidence Supporting a Critical Stage in Evolution of a New Communication System.

Author: Martin N, Moore K, Musto CJ, and Linn CE Jr
Subjects: Animals, Asia, Europe, Female, Male, Moths physiology, Sex Attractants chemistry, Behavior, Animal drug effects, Biological Evolution, Moths drug effects, Sex Attractants pharmacology
Abstract: Previous flight tunnel studies showed that 3-5 % of male European corn borer (ECB) moths, Ostrinia nubilalis, could fly upwind and make contact with sources releasing the sex pheromone of the closely related Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrina furnacalis, [2:1 (Z)-12-tetradecenyl acetate (Z12-14:OAc) : (E)-12-teradecenyl acetate (E12-14:OAc)] and that 2-4 % of ACB males could similarly fly upwind to the sex pheromone blends of the ECB Z- [97:3 (Z)-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:OAc) : (E)-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:Ac)] and E-strains (1:99 Z/E11-14:OAc) pheromones. The results supported the hypothesis that the evolution of the ACB pheromone system from an ECB-like ancestor included a stage in which males could be attracted to the unusual females emitting Z12- and E12-14:OAc while retaining their responsiveness to the ancestral pheromone blend of Z11- and E11-14:OAc. Here, we showed further that ECB E-strain males exhibited upwind oriented flight and source contacts to sources containing all combinations of ECB and ACB components. Maximal response levels were observed with the E-strain 99:1 E11/Z11-14:OAc blend, and high response levels also were observed with two other blends containing E11-14:OAc as the major component (E11:E12 and E11:Z12). Upwind flight and source contact also occurred at lower levels with the remaining blend combinations in which Z11-, E12-, or Z12-14:OAc was the major component. Our current results support the hypothesis concerning the evolution of ACB from an ECB-like ancester by showing that males were able to respond to females producing either the 12-14:Ac isomers, 11-14:Ac isomers, or even mixtures of all four components.
Published: 2016
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24. Rapid genetic restoration of a keystone species exhibiting delayed demographic response.

Author: Cosentino BJ, Schooley RL, Bestelmeyer BT, McCarthy AJ, and Sierzega K
Subjects: Animals, Bayes Theorem, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecosystem, Environmental Restoration and Remediation, Gene Flow, Grassland, Linear Models, Microsatellite Repeats, Models, Genetic, New Mexico, Population Dynamics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Dipodomys genetics, Founder Effect, Genetic Variation, Genetics, Population
Abstract: Genetic founder effects are often expected when animals colonize restored habitat in fragmented landscapes, but empirical data on genetic responses to restoration are limited. We examined the genetic response of banner-tailed kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spectabilis) to landscape-scale grassland restoration in the Chihuahuan Desert of New Mexico, USA. Dipodomys spectabilis is a grassland specialist and keystone species. At sites treated with herbicide to remove shrubs, colonization by D. spectabilis is slow and populations persist at low density for ≥10 years (≥6 generations). Persistence at low density and low gene flow may cause strong founder effects. We compared genetic structure of D. spectabilis populations between treated sites and remnant grasslands, and we examined how the genetic response to restoration depended on treatment age, area, and connectivity to source populations. Allelic richness and heterozygosity were similar between treated sites and remnant grasslands. Allelic richness at treated sites was greatest early in the restoration trajectory, and genetic divergence did not differ between recently colonized and established populations. These results indicated that founder effects during colonization of treated sites were weak or absent. Moreover, our results suggested founder effects were not mitigated by treatment area or connectivity. Dispersal is negatively density-dependent in D. spectabilis, and we hypothesize that high gene flow may occur early in the restoration trajectory when density is low. Our study shows genetic diversity can be recovered more rapidly than demographic components of populations after habitat restoration and that founder effects are not inevitable for animals colonizing restored habitat in fragmented landscapes., (© 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2015
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25. Photosynthesis and isoprene emission from trees along an urban-rural gradient in Texas.

Author: Lahr EC, Schade GW, Crossett CC, and Watson MR
Subjects: Agriculture, Cities, Climate Change, Hot Temperature, Plant Leaves metabolism, Texas, Trees metabolism, Butadienes metabolism, Environment, Hemiterpenes metabolism, Liquidambar metabolism, Pentanes metabolism, Photosynthesis, Quercus metabolism
Abstract: Isoprene emission is an important mechanism for improving the thermotolerance of plant photosystems as temperatures increase. In this study, we measured photosynthesis and isoprene emission in trees along an urban-rural gradient that serves as a proxy for climate change, to understand daily and seasonal responses to changes in temperature and other environmental variables. Leaf-level gas exchange and basal isoprene emission of post oak (Quercus stellata) and sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua) were recorded at regular intervals over an entire growing season at urban, suburban, and rural sites in eastern Texas. In addition, the temperature and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration experienced by leaves were experimentally manipulated in spring, early summer, and late summer. We found that trees experienced lower stomatal conductance and photosynthesis and higher isoprene emission, at the urban and suburban sites compared to the rural site. Path analysis indicated a daily positive effect of isoprene emission on photosynthesis, but unexpectedly, higher isoprene emission from urban trees was not associated with improved photosynthesis as temperatures increased during the growing season. Furthermore, urban trees experienced relatively higher isoprene emission at high CO2 concentrations, while isoprene emission was suppressed at the other sites. These results suggest that isoprene emission may be less beneficial in urban, and potentially future, environmental conditions, particularly if higher temperatures override the suppressive effects of high CO2 on isoprene emission. These are important considerations for modeling future biosphere-atmosphere interactions and for understanding tree physiological responses to climate change., (© 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2015
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26. Social evolution. Genomic signatures of evolutionary transitions from solitary to group living.

Author: Kapheim KM, Pan H, Li C, Salzberg SL, Puiu D, Magoc T, Robertson HM, Hudson ME, Venkat A, Fischman BJ, Hernandez A, Yandell M, Ence D, Holt C, Yocum GD, Kemp WP, Bosch J, Waterhouse RM, Zdobnov EM, Stolle E, Kraus FB, Helbing S, Moritz RF, Glastad KM, Hunt BG, Goodisman MA, Hauser F, Grimmelikhuijzen CJ, Pinheiro DG, Nunes FM, Soares MP, Tanaka ÉD, Simões ZL, Hartfelder K, Evans JD, Barribeau SM, Johnson RM, Massey JH, Southey BR, Hasselmann M, Hamacher D, Biewer M, Kent CF, Zayed A, Blatti C 3rd, Sinha S, Johnston JS, Hanrahan SJ, Kocher SD, Wang J, Robinson GE, and Zhang G
Subjects: Amino-Acid N-Acetyltransferase, Animals, Bees classification, DNA Transposable Elements, Gene Expression Regulation, Gene Regulatory Networks, Genome, Insect genetics, Phylogeny, Selection, Genetic, Transcription Factors chemistry, Transcription Factors genetics, Bees genetics, Evolution, Molecular, Genetic Drift, Social Behavior, Transcriptome
Abstract: The evolution of eusociality is one of the major transitions in evolution, but the underlying genomic changes are unknown. We compared the genomes of 10 bee species that vary in social complexity, representing multiple independent transitions in social evolution, and report three major findings. First, many important genes show evidence of neutral evolution as a consequence of relaxed selection with increasing social complexity. Second, there is no single road map to eusociality; independent evolutionary transitions in sociality have independent genetic underpinnings. Third, though clearly independent in detail, these transitions do have similar general features, including an increase in constrained protein evolution accompanied by increases in the potential for gene regulation and decreases in diversity and abundance of transposable elements. Eusociality may arise through different mechanisms each time, but would likely always involve an increase in the complexity of gene networks., (Copyright © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science.)
Published: 2015
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27. Potential complications when developing gene deletion clones in Xylella fastidiosa.

Author: Johnson KL, Cursino L, Athinuwat D, Burr TJ, and Mowery P
Subjects: Mutation genetics, Xylella pathogenicity, Gene Deletion, Genes, Bacterial genetics, Plant Diseases microbiology, Vitis microbiology, Xylella genetics
Abstract: Background: The Gram-negative xylem-limited bacterium, Xylella fastidiosa, is an important plant pathogen that infects a number of high value crops. The Temecula 1 strain infects grapevines and induces Pierce's disease, which causes symptoms such as scorching on leaves, cluster collapse, and eventual plant death. In order to understand the pathogenesis of X. fastidiosa, researchers routinely perform gene deletion studies and select mutants via antibiotic markers., Methods: Site-directed pilJ mutant of X. fastidiosa were generated and selected on antibiotic media. Mutant cultures were assessed by PCR to determine if they were composed of purely transformant cells or included mixtures of non-transformants cells. Then pure pilJ mutant and wildtype cells were mixed in PD2 medium and following incubation and exposure to kanamycin were assessed by PCR for presence of mutant and wildtype populations., Results: We have discovered that when creating clones of targeted mutants of X. fastidiosa Temecula 1 with selection on antibiotic plates, X. fastidiosa lacking the gene deletion often persist in association with targeted mutant cells. We believe this phenomenon is due to spontaneous antibiotic resistance and/or X. fastidiosa characteristically forming aggregates that can be comprised of transformed and non-transformed cells. A combined population was confirmed by PCR, which showed that targeted mutant clones were mixed with non-transformed cells. After repeated transfer and storage the non-transformed cells became the dominant clone present., Conclusions: We have discovered that special precautions are warranted when developing a targeted gene mutation in X. fastidiosa because colonies that arise following transformation and selection are often comprised of transformed and non-transformed cells. Following transfer and storage the cells can consist primarily of the non-transformed strain. As a result, careful monitoring of targeted mutant strains must be performed to avoid mixed populations and confounding results.
Published: 2015
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28. Bamboo shoots after the rain: development and challenges of autism intervention in China.

Author: McCabe H
Subjects: Autistic Disorder psychology, Child, Child, Preschool, China, Faculty, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Psychology, Child methods, Qualitative Research, Schools, Autistic Disorder therapy
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of autism intervention in China, including history, progress, and current challenges. This qualitative research study included interviews with experienced professionals and observation at autism intervention organizations. Analysis of this empirical data led to three themes regarding this field. First, the development of the field can be described using the Chinese expression, mozhe shitou guohe (feeling stones to cross the river). Owing to limited exposure to outside information, methods are often created independent of research-based best practices. Second, autism intervention in China has had a strong, and until recently, almost exclusive, focus on young children. Finally, there are continued challenges to providing effective services that relate to the desires of parents and professionals to provide 'more'; a focus on quantity may be preventing a focus on quality. The article concludes with an analysis of the findings and practical implications that may be used by practitioners or scholars planning to do work in China.
Published: 2013
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29. Disability and family in the People's Republic of China: implementation, benefits, and comparison of two mutual support groups.

Author: McCabe H and McCabe K
Subjects: Adult, China, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Middle Aged, Qualitative Research, Quality of Life, Social Support, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Autistic Disorder, Disabled Persons psychology, Family psychology, Intellectual Disability, Parents psychology, Self-Help Groups
Abstract: Background: The authors and 2 Chinese parents established 2 support groups in China. One group was for parents of children with autism, and the other was for young adults with either mental health issues or intellectual disability, and their parents. The purpose of this study was to examine the meaning and effectiveness of these groups from the parents' perspectives., Method: Qualitative interviews and questionnaires were completed by members of the groups, across the first 16 months. Facilitator monthly reports were also analysed., Results: Members of both groups found the groups provided a feeling of belonging and a place to interact with similar people. Differences existed relating to perspectives on the purpose of the groups and how families benefited, as well as in participation rates. Suggestions were provided by members., Conclusions: Implications of the differences in participation and desires of the parents are considered, including the understanding and perceptions of various disabilities in China.
Published: 2013
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30. Mindfulness and alcohol problems in college students: the mediating effects of stress.

Author: Bodenlos JS, Noonan M, and Wells SY
Subjects: Adolescent, Alcoholism epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, New England epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Alcoholism psychology, Mindfulness, Stress, Psychological, Students psychology, Universities
Abstract: Objective: To examine the relationship between mindfulness and alcohol problems in college students, as well as the role of stress as a mediator in this relationship., Participants: Participants were 310 students from a small, private college in the Northeast., Methods: Students completed self-report measures, including the Perceived Stress Scale, the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, and the Rutgers Alcohol Problems Index., Results: Mindfulness was negatively correlated with alcohol problems and stress, whereas stress positively correlated with alcohol problems. Results implicated stress as fully mediating the relationship between mindfulness and alcohol problems. Alcohol problems were negatively correlated with the Acting With Awareness and Describing Experience facets of mindfulness., Conclusion: Mindfulness-based stress reduction or other mindfulness programs may be useful in decreasing alcohol problems on college campuses via the effects on stress.
Published: 2013
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31. The response to selection for broad male response to female sex pheromone and its implications for divergence in close-range mating behavior in the European corn borer moth, Ostrinia nubilalis.

Author: Droney DC, Musto CJ, Mancuso K, Roelofs WL, and Linn CE Jr
Subjects: Animals, Biological Evolution, Female, Male, Moths physiology, Sex Attractants physiology, Sexual Behavior, Animal physiology
Abstract: Coordinated sexual communication systems, seen in many species of moths, are hypothesized to be under strong stabilizing natural selection. Stabilized communication systems should be resistant to change, but there are examples of species/populations that show great diversification. A possible solution is that it is directional sexual selection on variation in male response that drives evolution. We tested a component of this model by asking whether 'rare' males (ca. 5 % of all males in a population) of the European corn borer moth (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis, that respond to the sex pheromones of both ECB and a different Ostrinia species (O. furnacalis, the Asian corn borer, ACB), might play an important role in diversification. We specifically tested, via artificial selection, whether this broad male response has an evolvable genetic component. We increased the frequency of broad male response from 5 to 70 % in 19 generations, showing that broad-responding males could be important for the evolution of novel communication systems in ECB. We did not find a broader range of mating acceptance of broad males by females of the base population, however, suggesting that broad response would be unlikely to increase in frequency without the involvement of other factors. However, we found that ECB selection-line females accepted a broader range of courting males, including those of ACB, than did females of the base population. Thus, a genetic correlation exists between broad, long-range response to female sex pheromone and the breadth of female acceptance of males at close range. These results are discussed in the context of evolution of novel communication systems in Ostrinia.
Published: 2012
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32. Predicting relationship and life satisfaction from personality in nationally representative samples from three countries: the relative importance of actor, partner, and similarity effects.

Author: Dyrenforth PS, Kashy DA, Donnellan MB, and Lucas RE
Subjects: Australia, Female, Germany, Happiness, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, United Kingdom, Interpersonal Relations, Marriage psychology, Personal Satisfaction, Personality, Spouses psychology
Abstract: Three very large, nationally representative samples of married couples were used to examine the relative importance of 3 types of personality effects on relationship and life satisfaction: actor effects, partner effects, and similarity effects. Using data sets from Australia (N = 5,278), the United Kingdom (N = 6,554), and Germany (N = 11,418) provided an opportunity to test whether effects replicated across samples. Actor effects accounted for approximately 6% of the variance in relationship satisfaction and between 10% and 15% of the variance in life satisfaction. Partner effects (which were largest for Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Emotional Stability) accounted for between 1% and 3% of the variance in relationship satisfaction and between 1% and 2% of the variance in life satisfaction. Couple similarity consistently explained less than .5% of the variance in life and relationship satisfaction after controlling for actor and partner effects.
Published: 2010
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33. Seasonal patterns of carbohydrate storage in four tropical tree species.

Author: Newell EA, Mulkey SS, and Wright JS
Abstract: We examined the seasonal variation in total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) concentrations in branch, trunk, and root tissues of Anacardium excelsum, Luehea seemannii, Cecropia longipes, and Urera caracasana growing in a seasonally dry forest in Panama. Our main goals were: (1) to determine the main sites of carbohydrate storage, and (2) to determine if seasonal patterns of carbohydrate storage are related to seasonal asynchronies in carbon supply and demand. We expected asynchronies to be related to seasonal variation in water and light availability and to foliar and reproductive phenology. Cecropia and Urera are fully drought-deciduous and so we expected them to exhibit the most dramatic seasonal variation in TNC concentrations. We predicted that maximum carbon supply would occur when canopies were at their fullest and that maximum carbon demand would occur when leaves, flowers, and fruits were produced. The concentration of total non-structural carbohydrates was assessed monthly in wood tissue of roots and in wood and bark tissue of terminal branches. Trunk tissue was sampled bimonthly. All tissues sampled served as storage sites for carbohydrates. As predicted, TNC concentrations varied most dramatically in branches of Cecropia and Urera: a 4-fold difference was observed between dry season maxima and wet season minima in branch wood tissue. Peak concentrations exceeded 25% in Urera and 30% in Cecropia. Less dramatic but significant seasonal variation was observed in Anacardium and Luehea. In all species, minimum branch TNC concentrations were measured during canopy rebuilding. In Anacardium, maximum branch TNC concentrations occurred when canopies were at their fullest. In Cecropia, Urera, and Luehea, TNC concentrations continued to increase even as canopies thinned in the early dry season. The greater photosynthetic capacity of leaves produced at the beginning of the dry season and the potential for the export of carbohydrates from senescing leaves may explain this pattern. In all species, the phenology of carbon gain was more important than the phenology of reproduction in influencing seasonal carbohydrate patterns. The combination of high TNC concentrations and the large biomass of branches, trunks, and roots indicates these species are storing and moving large quantities of carbohydrates.
Published: 2002
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34. Psychosocial functioning of severely disturbed adolescents after short-term hospitalization.

Author: Segal HG, King CA, and Naylor MW
Subjects: Adolescent, Affective Symptoms psychology, Ambulatory Care, Combined Modality Therapy, Day Care, Medical, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Michigan, Patient Readmission, Peer Group, Residential Treatment, Social Environment, Suicide, Attempted prevention & control, Suicide, Attempted statistics & numerical data, Treatment Outcome, Affective Symptoms therapy, Continuity of Patient Care organization & administration, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Psychotherapy, Brief, Social Adjustment
Abstract: Forty-two severely emotionally disturbed adolescents discharged after a brief hospitalization for an acute psychiatric episode were assigned to two groups--one for whom clinicians recommended continued intensive treatment in an inpatient, residential, or day treatment setting, even though such services were not available, and the other for whom clinicians recommended only outpatient treatment. The two groups were compared on rates of rehospitalization, self-harmful actions, and suicide attempts and on severity of problems with peers during the six months after discharge. The two groups showed significant differences only in the extent of their problems with peers.
Published: 1995
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34 results on '"Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456, USA"'

1. Upper limits on the strength of periodic gravitational waves from PSR J1939+2134

2. Synthesis, modeling, and biological evaluation of anti-tubulin indole-substituted furanones.

3. RIP1 Mediates Manzamine-A-Induced Secretory Autophagy in Breast Cancer.

4. Hydrogen migration in inner-shell ionized halogenated cyclic hydrocarbons.

5. Nutritional Status Predicts Fatty Acid Uptake from Fish and Soybean Oil Supplements for Treatment of Cancer-Related Fatigue: Results from a Phase II Nationwide Study.

6. Modeling the Influence of Vaccine Administration on COVID-19 Testing Strategies.

7. DNA methylation profiling of a cnidarian-algal symbiosis using nanopore sequencing.

8. Discovery of an indole-substituted furanone with tubulin polymerization inhibition activity.

9. Quantification of the Tradeoff between Test Sensitivity and Test Frequency in a COVID-19 Epidemic-A Multi-Scale Modeling Approach.

10. Pheromone Odorant Receptor Responses Reveal the Presence of a Cryptic, Redundant Sex Pheromone Component in the European Corn Borer, Ostrinia nubilalis.

11. Parasitism by an invasive nest fly reduces future reproduction in Galápagos mockingbirds.

12. Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA.

13. Evolution of pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis in Apocynaceae: revisiting the defence de-escalation hypothesis.

14. Evolution at the tips: Asclepias phylogenomics and new perspectives on leaf surfaces.

15. Evolution on the backbone: Apocynaceae phylogenomics and new perspectives on growth forms, flowers, and fruits.

16. Characterization of the Xylella fastidiosa PD1311 gene mutant and its suppression of Pierce's disease on grapevines.

17. Draft Genome Sequence of Mentha longifolia and Development of Resources for Mint Cultivar Improvement.

18. Synthesis and evaluation of the anti-proliferative activity of diaryl-3-pyrrolin-2-ones and fused analogs.

19. Identification of absolute geometries of cis and trans molecular isomers by Coulomb Explosion Imaging.

20. Characterization of transient noise in Advanced LIGO relevant to gravitational wave signal GW150914.

21. GW150914: First results from the search for binary black hole coalescence with Advanced LIGO.

22. Prospects for Observing and Localizing Gravitational-Wave Transients with Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo.

23. Flight Tunnel Response of Male European Corn Borer Moths to Cross-Specific Mixtures of European and Asian Corn Borer Sex Pheromones: Evidence Supporting a Critical Stage in Evolution of a New Communication System.

24. Rapid genetic restoration of a keystone species exhibiting delayed demographic response.

25. Photosynthesis and isoprene emission from trees along an urban-rural gradient in Texas.

26. Social evolution. Genomic signatures of evolutionary transitions from solitary to group living.

27. Potential complications when developing gene deletion clones in Xylella fastidiosa.

28. Bamboo shoots after the rain: development and challenges of autism intervention in China.

29. Disability and family in the People's Republic of China: implementation, benefits, and comparison of two mutual support groups.

30. Mindfulness and alcohol problems in college students: the mediating effects of stress.

31. The response to selection for broad male response to female sex pheromone and its implications for divergence in close-range mating behavior in the European corn borer moth, Ostrinia nubilalis.

32. Predicting relationship and life satisfaction from personality in nationally representative samples from three countries: the relative importance of actor, partner, and similarity effects.

33. Seasonal patterns of carbohydrate storage in four tropical tree species.

34. Psychosocial functioning of severely disturbed adolescents after short-term hospitalization.

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