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In this study, Marseille soap and Na2CO3 are used for self-dyed silk degumming and evaluated the influence of technological parameters on the degumming efficiency and color intensity of self-dyed silk. Self-dyed silk results from a new dyeing method; this is a green and without-water dye. Its mechanism is based on feeding silkworms with mulberry leaves supplemented by the Rhodamine B dyestuff; colored silk was then treated at different concentrations and time treatment. Xrite color i5 colorimeter, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were respectively used to evaluate the color intensity, the treatment efficiency, and the structural characterization of self-dyed silk. The results show that the higher the solution concentration and treatment time, the higher the weight loss ratio and the lower the color intensity. In addition, degumming with Na2CO3 retains the color of silk better than it with Marseille soap. The results are also for reference in selecting the appropriate treatment process for this new material.

This study examines the impact of CSR practices on employee work engagement and intention to stay in the hotel industry during the COVID-19 pandemic. It draws on Social Exchange Theory and Stakeholder Theory to analyze the effects of CSR on employee outcomes. The empirical analysis utilizes an ordered logit model and Likert scale data collected from hotel workers. The findings contribute to understanding the role of CSR in attracting and retaining talented employees and building sustainable tourism economies. By employing the ordered logit model, this study provides a robust statistical approach to uncover the relationships between variables. The findings have implications for hotel industry practitioners and policymakers in promoting CSR practices and improving employee engagement and retention.

Yersinochloa nghiana sp. nov. from Vietnam is described and illustrated. It is found from southern Vietnam, where it occurs at an elevation of 1130 m in Braian Mountain, Di Linh District, Lam Dong Province. This new species is distinguished from a similar species, Yersinochloa dalatensis, by culm nodes with a thick swollen patella, culm leaf blades erect, auricles conspicuous, margins bearing long hairs, palea dorsal view showing rachilla extension and rudimentary floret at the apex and lodicules bifid at the base.

A new species, Quercus sontraensis Ngoc, Binh & Son is described from Son Tra Nature Reserve, Son Tra Peninsula, Central Vietnam. We examined the morphology and constructed a highly resolved phylogeny of Q. sontraensis and its relatives (including Q. langbianensis and Q. cambodiensis) using Multiplex ISSR genotyping by sequencing (MIG-seq). The morphological analyses and molecular evidence support the distinction between the new species (Q. sontraensis) and its relatives.

Background: Cellular metabolism is critical for the host immune function against pathogens, and metabolomic analysis may help understand the characteristic immunopathology of tuberculosis. We performed targeted metabolomic analyses in a large cohort of patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM), the most severe manifestation of tuberculosis, focusing on tryptophan metabolism. Methods: We studied 1069 Indonesian and Vietnamese adults with TBM (26.6% HIV-positive), 54 non-infectious controls, 50 with bacterial meningitis, and 60 with cryptococcal meningitis. Tryptophan and downstream metabolites were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma using targeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Individual metabolite levels were associated with survival, clinical parameters, CSF bacterial load and 92 CSF inflammatory proteins. Results: CSF tryptophan was associated with 60-day mortality from TBM (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10–1.24, for each doubling in CSF tryptophan) both in HIV-negative and -positive patients. CSF tryptophan concentrations did not correlate with CSF bacterial load nor CSF inflammation but were negatively correlated with CSF interferon-gamma concentrations. Unlike tryptophan, CSF concentrations of an intercorrelating cluster of downstream kynurenine metabolites did not predict mortality. These CSF kynurenine metabolites did however correlate with CSF inflammation and markers of blood–CSF leakage, and plasma kynurenine predicted death (HR 1.54, 95% CI = 1.22–1.93). These findings were mostly specific for TBM, although high CSF tryptophan was also associated with mortality from cryptococcal meningitis. Conclusions: TBM patients with a high baseline CSF tryptophan or high systemic (plasma) kynurenine are at increased risk of death. These findings may reveal new targets for host-directed therapy. Funding: This study was supported by National Institutes of Health (R01AI145781) and the Wellcome Trust (110179/Z/15/Z and 206724/Z/17/Z).

Pedestrian lane detection is a crucial task in assistive navigation for vision-impaired people. It can provide information on walkable regions, help blind people stay on the pedestrian lane, and assist with obstacle detection. An accurate and real-time lane detection algorithm can improve travel safety and efficiency for the visually impaired. Despite its importance, pedestrian lane detection in unstructured scenes for assistive navigation has not attracted sufficient attention in the research community. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review and an experimental evaluation of methods that can be applied for pedestrian lane detection, thereby laying a foundation for future research in this area. Our study covers traditional and deep learning methods for pedestrian lane detection, general road detection, and general semantic segmentation. We also perform an experimental evaluation of the representative methods on a large benchmark dataset that is specifically created for pedestrian lane detection. We hope this paper can serve as an informative guide for researchers in assistive technologies, and facilitate urgently-needed research for vision-impaired people.

Ethnic minorities living in secluded regions are usually framed as the most vulnerable to climate change given fragile environments and limited access to resources. Nonetheless, their livelihood vulnerability to climate change has not been adequately assessed, especially in the mountainous areas of central Vietnam. This study thus sought to fill that knowledge gap by applying the livelihood vulnerability index referencing the IPCC framework (LVI-IPCC) to examine the vulnerability of the Pa Co and Co Tu minority communities in upland regions of Thua Thien Hue province, central Vietnam. The results disclosed that the Pa Co tends to be more vulnerable than the Co Tu, mainly due to the higher sensitivity index to natural disasters (p

Industry 4.0 and digital technology has been affecting banking activities in most of bank system in emerging markets, esp. in Vietnam, one of the countries having high economic growth in ASEAN nations; so, quality management of technology issues and cyber security management are rising. There are main technologies in 4.0 revolution to process information including: Big Data database technologies, Cloud Computing, Machine Learning, IoT, AI, Business Intelligence, Data Mining and Blockchain Technologies. These technologies are successively implemented in developed and improved security procedures IT and cybersecurity risk management. Also changes to the operating environment IT can occur suddenly and without warning, such as under the COVID-19 international emergency. As the critical sector financial is adapting to expanded remote operations, there is the potential for increased vulnerabilities and potential amplification of the effect of cybersecurity threats. Therefore, organizations need to own the ability to make in new ICT and cybersecurity investments to quickly and effectively adapt to address unforeseen circumstances for better quality management of technology.

Actinidia latifolia and Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit) are two species with many applications in food and medicine. They are capable of growing and developing in Lam Dong province and similar temperate climates. This study assesses the effect of three plant growth regulators (NAA, IBA, and IAA) on the root formation of Actinidia latifolia cuttings. At the same time, seed germination and the effect of various soil and coir mixtures on the growth of kiwifruit seedlings were tested in the nursery. The results for the Actinidia latifolia cuttings after 60 days showed that NAA and IBA at 1.00% concentration gave the best results, with a rooting percentage of 76.67%, number of roots/cutting of 3.91, and length of roots/cutting of 5.65 cm for NAA. For IBA at 1.00% concentration, the rooting percentage was 66.67%, the number of roots/cutting was 2.43, and the length of roots/cutting was 4.42 cm. When using IAA, the concentration of 1.50% brought the best results, with a rooting percentage of 66.67%, number of roots/cutting of 2.81, and length of roots/cutting of 4.34 cm. The germination percentage of kiwifruit reached 81.00% after 25 days. The best growth of Actinidia deliciosa seedlings was in a media mixture of 25.00% soil and 75.00% coconut coir, with survival percentage, height of seedlings, and number of leaves/seedling of 96.00%, 5.02 cm, and 7.17 leaves, respectively, after 45 days.

Access to surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) with directional control excited by electrical means is important for applications in (on-chip) nano-optoelectronic devices and to circumvent limitations inherent to approaches where SPPs are excited by optical means (e.g., diffraction limit). This paper describes directional excitation of surface plasmon polaritons propagating along a plasmonic strip waveguide integrated with an aperiodic groove array electrically driven by an Al–Al2O3–Au tunnel junction. The aperiodic groove array consists of six grooves and is optimized to specifically reflect the SPPs by 180° in the desired direction (+x or −x) along the plasmonic strip waveguide. We used constrained nonlinear optimization of the groove array based on the sequential quadratic programming algorithms coupled with finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations to achieve the optimal structures. Leakage radiation microscopy (Fourier and real plane imaging) shows that the propagation direction of selectively only one SPP mode (propagating along the metal–substrate interface) is controlled. In our experiments, we achieved a directionality (i.e., +x/−x ratio) of close to 8, and all of our experimental findings are supported by detailed theoretical simulations.

BRCA1 và BRCA2 là hai gen ức chế khối u quan trọng. Việc đột biến hai gen này ở bệnh nhân ung thư biểu mô buồng trứng dòng mầm và dòng sinh dưỡng thì đáp ứng tốt hơn với thuốc ức chế enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi). Gần đây, một vài thuốc PARPi, như Olaparib và Rucaparib, đã được chấp thuận dùng cho bệnh nhân ung thư buồng trứng với đột biến dòng mầm BRCA1/2 bởi Food and Drug Administration (FDA) và với đột biến dòng mầm và dòng sinh dưỡng đối với European Medicines Agency (EMA). Tuy nhiên, hiện nay Việt Nam chưa có dữ liệu nào đáng tin cậy về tình trạng đột biến hai gen này trong quần thể bệnh nhân ung thư biểu mô buồng trứng nhằm hỗ trợ cho điều trị. Do đó, chúng tôi tiến hành giải trình tự nhằm khảo sát đột biến hai gen BRCA1/2 dòng mầm và dòng sinh dưỡng ở bệnh nhân ung thư biểu mô buồng trứng người Việt Nam. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi tiến hành giải trình tự hai gen này bằng Ion Torrent PGM. Đối tượng nghiên cứu là 11 mẫu mô vùi nến được thu nhận từ Bệnh viện Từ Dũ của 11 bệnh nhân ung thư biểu mô buồng trứng. DNA từ các mẫu này và 2 mẫu đối chứng đã biết thông tin đột biến được tiến hành multilplex PCR với kit Oncomine BRCA Research Assay. Trong mười một mẫu được giải trình tự, một đột biến gây bệnh (1/11 bệnh nhân; 9,1%) đã được phát hiện trên gen BRCA1, là đột biến điểm đưa codon stop vào trình tự protein tại vị trí axit amin 1772. Tóm lại, quy trình giải trình tự của chúng tôi thành công trong việc xác định và khảo sát tỉ lệ đột biến BRCA1/2 trong một nhóm nhỏ bệnh nhân ung thư biểu mô buồng trứng với mẫu sinh phẩm là mô vùi nến.

With the advances in sonar imaging technology, sonar imagery has increasingly been used for oceanographic studies in civilian and military applications. High-resolution imaging sonars can be mounted on various survey platforms, typically autonomous underwater vehicles, which provide enhanced speed and improved data quality with long-range support. This paper addresses the automatic detection of mine-like objects using sonar images. The proposed Gabor-based detector is designed as a feature pyramid network with a small number of trainable weights. Our approach combines both semantically weak and strong features to handle mine-like objects at multiple scales effectively. For feature extraction, we introduce a parameterized Gabor layer which improves the generalization capability and computational efficiency. The steerable Gabor filtering modules are embedded within the cascaded layers to enhance the scale and orientation decomposition of images. The entire deep Gabor neural network is trained in an end-to-end manner from input sonar images with annotated mine-like objects. An extensive experimental evaluation on a real sonar dataset shows that the proposed method achieves competitive performance compared to the existing approaches.

Desalination and treatment of wastewater has become critical for Asia regions with water scarcity. In this work, the concept of thin-film distillation equipped with a porous condenser (FDPC) was considered for its implementation in a tropical climate of Vietnam. It was found that samples with a concentration of biocide of 0.5 wt.% possessed lower biofouling, in contrast to the neat membranes. The FD-PC module was developed and water desalination experiments were conducted in Russia and Vietnam. The experiments showed high reproducibility of the results; in particular, the evaporation rate was (4.9/3.0) kg/m2h in Russia and (4.1/2.0) kg/m2h in Vietnam. In addition, as part of this work, the optimal configuration of the installation was calculated using solar collectors as the main energy source. The calculation showed high energy efficiency: specific energy consumption 0.1–0.5 kWh/m3.

BackgroundThere is potential for adverse events from corticosteroid injections, including increase in blood glucose, decrease in bone mineral density and suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Published studies note that doses lower than those commonly injected provide similar benefit.MethodsDevelopment of the practice guideline was approved by the Board of Directors of American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine with several other societies agreeing to participate. The scope of guidelines was agreed on to include safety of the injection technique (landmark-guided, ultrasound or radiology-aided injections); effect of the addition of the corticosteroid on the efficacy of the injectate (local anesthetic or saline); and adverse events related to the injection. Based on preliminary discussions, it was decided to structure the topics into three separate guidelines as follows: (1) sympathetic, peripheral nerve blocks and trigger point injections; (2) joints; and (3) neuraxial, facet, sacroiliac joints and related topics (vaccine and anticoagulants). Experts were assigned topics to perform a comprehensive review of the literature and to draft statements and recommendations, which were refined and voted for consensus (≥75% agreement) using a modified Delphi process. The United States Preventive Services Task Force grading of evidence and strength of recommendation was followed.ResultsThis guideline deals with the use and safety of corticosteroid injections for sympathetic, peripheral nerve blocks and trigger point injections for adult chronic pain conditions. All the statements and recommendations were approved by all participants after four rounds of discussion. The Practice Guidelines Committees and Board of Directors of the participating societies also approved all the statements and recommendations. The safety of some procedures, including stellate blocks, lower extremity peripheral nerve blocks and some sites of trigger point injections, is improved by imaging guidance. The addition of non-particulate corticosteroid to the local anesthetic is beneficial in cluster headaches but not in other types of headaches. Corticosteroid may provide additional benefit in transverse abdominal plane blocks and ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blocks in postherniorrhaphy pain but there is no evidence for pudendal nerve blocks. There is minimal benefit for the use of corticosteroids in trigger point injections.ConclusionsIn this practice guideline, we provided recommendations on the use of corticosteroids in sympathetic blocks, peripheral nerve blocks, and trigger point injections to assist clinicians in making informed decisions.

Biocompatible magnetic poly (glycidyl methacrylate) microsphere is a novel nanocomposite with a myriad of promising bioapplications. Investigation of their characteristics by experimental analysis methods has also been carried out in the past. However, a survey of the magnetic anisotropy constant has not been mentioned and the influence of the poly (glycidyl methacrylate) polymer matrix on the Fe3O4 magnetite nanoparticles embedded inside has also not been discussed. Moreover, the accurate characterization of the magnetite nanoparticle size distribution remains challenging. In this paper, we present an effective approach was used to solve these problems. First of all, we combine both experiment and theory to estimate the effective magnetic anisotropy constant. Besides that, we implement an accurate method to determine magnetite nanoparticle size distribution in the magnetic poly (glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres composite nanomaterial.

Great efforts to advance the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension for controlling hypertension have been made; however, the rates of uncontrolled blood pressure are still high. This study explored the rate of uncontrolled hypertension in patients with hypertension managed in an urban hospital of Vietnam and identified associated factors. A cross-sectional survey was performed from August to October 2019 among hypertensive patients at an urban hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam. Blood pressure was evaluated at the time of medical examination. Demographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics were also collected. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the factors related to uncontrolled hypertension. Among 220 patients, the rate of uncontrolled hypertension was 40.5%. Females had a lower likelihood of having uncontrolled hypertension compared to males (adjusted OR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.11–0.98). Higher duration of diseases (adjusted OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.01–1.14) and higher body mass index (adjusted OR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.05–1.45) were positively associated with uncontrolled hypertension. Patients who carried supplies needed for self-care, cut down on stress, exercised regularly, and stopped/cut down on smoking were also less likely to develop uncontrolled hypertension. This study reveals that uncontrolled hypertension was common among hypertensive patients in Vietnam. Improving self-care capacity and encouraging healthy behaviors are critically important to control blood pressure, particularly among patients who were males and had high disease duration and body mass index.

The impact of intellectual capital on firm performance is one of the key aspects of strategic management. This is particularly crucial for firms in the high-tech or service sectors. Intellectual capital dimensions, including human, organisational and social capital, are key to developing outstanding performance. From a strategic management perspective, there are still debates on the interrelationships between these dimensions, and on the moderating role of environmental uncertainty on their impacts on performance. In the context of an unstable environment like Vietnam, this study involved a survey of 350 information communication technology (ICT) firm’s directors and managers, which was used to analyse the impacts of intellectual capital dimensions on firm performance, the indirect effects of organisational capital on performance via human and social capital, and the moderating role of environmental uncertainty. Findings indicate that all dimensions of intellectual capital had direct impacts on firm performance. In addition, we found that the human and social capital mediated significantly the relationship between firm performance and organisational capital, and the environmental uncertainty moderated significantly the relationship between intellectual capital dimensions and firm performance.

Recent studies suggest a potential relationship between intellectual capital dimensions and dynamic capabilities in achieving superior performance. However, these studies have made little effort to develop a framework for understanding this relationship, which is unsettling for managers. To examine this potential, this paper proposes and tests a conceptual model to explain how three types of dynamic capabilities—learning, integration, and reconfiguration capability—mediate the impact of intellectual capital dimensions, including human, social, and organizational capital, on firm performance. This study, using a sample of 350 Vietnamese firms in the information and communications technology sector, found that dynamic capabilities play a mediating role in the relationship between intellectual capital dimensions and firm performance. Among dynamic capabilities, learning capability has the most significant mediating effect. Furthermore, the important roles of human, social, and organizational capital are addressed due to their direct effects on performance based on resource-based view theory, as well as their indirect effect via the mediation of dynamic capabilities.

Building a good IDS model from a certain dataset is one of the main tasks in machine learning. Trainingmultiple classifiers at the same time to solve the same problem and then combining their outputs to improveclassification quality, called ensemble method. This paper analyzes and evaluates the performance of usingknown ensemble techniques such as Bagging, AdaBoost, Stacking, Decorate, Random Forest and Voting to detect DoS attacks on UNSW-NB15 dataset, created by the Australian Cyber Security Center 2015. The experimental results show that the Stacking technique with heterogeneous classifiers for the best classification quality with F − Measure is 99.28% compared to 98.61%, which is the best result are obtained by using single classifiers and 99.02% by using the Random Forest technique.

Lithocarpus vuquangensis Ngoc & Hung is described from Vu Quang National Park, North Central Vietnam. The morphological comparison and phylogenetic analysis based on rbcL, matK and ITS provided evidence that the new species was not assignable to any of the previously known taxa in Vietnam and its surrounding countries. The description, photographs, preliminary conservation status and DNA barcode sequences are also provided for the new species.

Bioassay guided fractionation led to the isolation of a new triterpene glycoside, holothurinogenin B (1) along with three known compounds, holothurin B (2), holothurin A (3), and holothurin A2 (4), from the methanol extract of the Vietnamese sea cucumber Holothuria scabra. Their structures were deduced from the spectral analysis (1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, MS) and chemical evidences.

Maternal educational attainment (MEA) shapes offspring health through multiple potential pathways. Differential DNA methylation may provide a mechanistic understanding of these long-term associations. We aimed to quantify the associations of MEA with offspring DNA methylation levels at birth, in childhood and in adolescence. Using 37 studies from high-income countries, we performed meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) to quantify the associations of completed years of MEA at the time of pregnancy with offspring DNA methylation levels at birth (n = 9 881), in childhood (n = 2 017), and adolescence (n = 2 740), adjusting for relevant covariates. MEA was found to be associated with DNA methylation at 473 cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites at birth, one in childhood, and four in adolescence. We observed enrichment for findings from previous EWAS on maternal folate, vitamin-B12 concentrations, maternal smoking, and pre-pregnancy BMI. The associations were directionally consistent with MEA being inversely associated with behaviours including smoking and BMI. Our findings form a bridge between socio-economic factors and biology and highlight potential pathways underlying effects of maternal education. The results broaden our understanding of bio-social associations linked to differential DNA methylation in multiple early stages of life. The data generated also offers an important resource to help a more precise understanding of the social determinants of health.

We will study the effects of the methanol extract of Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski (Asteraceae) (MeST) on the growth of leukemia cells that may contain the BCR/ABL gene. This study also clarifies the mechanism of this effect on these cells. For this purpose, the cells harboring wild-type BCR/ABL, imatinib-resistant BCR/ABL (K562 and TCCYT315I), or Ba/F3 cells transfected with wild-type or mutant BCR/ABL genes were used. The results showed that MeST effectively inhibited the viability of leukemia cells in both a dose- and time-dependent manner. The effect of MeST seems to be more sensitive in the cells that carry imatinib-resistant BCR/ABL (especially the T315I BCR/ABL mutation) than those with wild-type BCR/ABL. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the death caused by MeST is apoptosis and the treatment with MeST could suppress the expression of BCR/ABL, subsequently altering the downstream cascade of BCR/ABL such as AKT and MAPK signaling. In conclusion, MeST has been able to suppress the growth of leukemia cells harboring BCR/ABL. The mechanism of the anti-leukemic effect of MeST on cells harboring imatinib-resistant BCR/ABL mutations could be due to the disruption of the BCR/ABL oncoprotein signaling cascade.

In this research, we at the first time assessed antibacterial effects of methanolic crude and fractionated extracts from the marine sponge, Aaptos suberitoides against three bacterial strains including E. coli., S. aureus, B. cereus. The anti-bacterial assays were carried out by the disc diffusion method to test the anti-bacterial activity of different concentrations of methanolic crude of A. suberitoides against the indicator bacterial pathogens. The results indicated that extracts of A. suberitoides exhibited anti-microbial activity against all tested bacterial strains in concentrationdependent manner. Moreover, we showed that the majority of the active compound was in the polar fractions.

Development of a new inhibitor of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase is necessary for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) because of increasing resistance and tolerance to Imatinid efforts. Herein, we reported Plumbagin can significantly inhibit the growth of CML. The results revealed that Plumbagin inhitbited TCCY and TCCY/T315I cells with IC50 values 3 μM and 2.1 μM, respectively. Plumbagin also showed anti-proliferative effects on both the wide type Ba/F3 and the BCR-ABL-transfected Ba/F3 cells with a range of IC50 from 3.2 to 3.8 μM. In addition, Plumbagin induced the apoptosis of CML cells. That would provide a new and potential drug as a chemotherapy medication in the treatment of Imatinid -resistant CML.

New drugs and shorter treatments for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) have become available in recent years and active pharmacovigilance (PV) is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) at least during the early phases of implementation, with active drug safety monitoring and management (aDSM) proposed for this. We conducted a literature review of papers reporting on aDSM. Up to 18 April, 2019, results have only been published from one national aDSM programme. Because aDSM is being introduced in many low- and middle-income countries, we also report experiences in introducing it into DR-TB treatment programmes, targeting the reporting of a restricted set of adverse events (AEs) as per WHO-recommended aDSM principles for the period 2014–2017. Early beneficial effects of active PV for TB patients include increased awareness about the occurrence, detection and management of AEs during TB treatment, and the increase of spontaneous reporting in some countries. However, because PV capacity is low in most countries and collaboration between national TB programmes and national PV centres remains weak, parallel and coordinated co-development of the capacities of both TB programmes and PV centres is needed.

The main function of the network Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is to protect the system, analyze andpredict network access behavior of users. These behaviors are considered normal or an attack. Machinelearning methods (ML) are used in IDSs because of the ability to learn from past attack patterns to recognizenew attack patterns. These methods are effective but have relatively high computational costs. Meanwhile,the traffic of network data is growing rapidly, the computational cost issues need to be addressed. This paper addresses the use of algorithms combined with information metrics to reduce the features of the dataset to be analyzed. As the result, it helps to build IDSs with lower cost but higher performance suitable for large scale networks. The test results on the UNSW-NB15 dataset demonstrate: with the optimal set of features suitable for the attack type as well as the machine learning method, the quality of classification is improved with less training and testing time.

Inherited retinopathies are devastating diseases that in most cases lack treatment options. Disease-modifying therapies that mitigate pathophysiology regardless of the underlying genetic lesion are desirable due to the diversity of mutations found in such diseases. We tested a systems pharmacology-based strategy that suppresses intracellular cAMP and Ca2+ activity via G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) modulation using tamsulosin, metoprolol, and bromocriptine coadministration. The treatment improves cone photoreceptor function and slows degeneration in Pde6βrd10 and RhoP23H/WT retinitis pigmentosa mice. Cone degeneration is modestly mitigated after a 7-month-long drug infusion in PDE6A-/- dogs. The treatment also improves rod pathway function in an Rpe65-/- mouse model of Leber congenital amaurosis but does not protect from cone degeneration. RNA-sequencing analyses indicate improved metabolic function in drug-treated Rpe65-/- and rd10 mice. Our data show that catecholaminergic GPCR drug combinations that modify second messenger levels via multiple receptor actions provide a potential disease-modifying therapy against retinal degeneration.

Higher birth order is associated with altered risk of many disease states. Changes in placentation and exposures to in utero growth factors with successive pregnancies may impact later life disease risk via persistent DNA methylation alterations. We investigated birth order with Illumina DNA methylation array data in each of 16 birth cohorts (8164 newborns) with European, African, and Latino ancestries from the Pregnancy and Childhood Epigenetics Consortium. Meta-analyzed data demonstrated systematic DNA methylation variation in 341 CpGs (FDR adjusted P

Circulating vitamin B12 concentrations during pregnancy are associated with offspring health. Foetal DNA methylation changes could underlie these associations. Within the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics Consortium, we meta-analysed epigenome-wide associations of circulating vitamin B12 concentrations in mothers during pregnancy (n = 2,420) or cord blood (n = 1,029), with cord blood DNA methylation. Maternal and newborn vitamin B12 concentrations were associated with DNA methylation at 109 and 7 CpGs, respectively (False Discovery Rate P-value

BackgroundA composite metric for the quality of glycemia from continuous glucose monitor (CGM) tracings could be useful for assisting with basic clinical interpretation of CGM data.MethodsWe assembled a data set of 14-day CGM tracings from 225 insulin-treated adults with diabetes. Using a balanced incomplete block design, 330 clinicians who were highly experienced with CGM analysis and interpretation ranked the CGM tracings from best to worst quality of glycemia. We used principal component analysis and multiple regressions to develop a model to predict the clinician ranking based on seven standard metrics in an Ambulatory Glucose Profile: very low-glucose and low-glucose hypoglycemia; very high-glucose and high-glucose hyperglycemia; time in range; mean glucose; and coefficient of variation.ResultsThe analysis showed that clinician rankings depend on two components, one related to hypoglycemia that gives more weight to very low-glucose than to low-glucose and the other related to hyperglycemia that likewise gives greater weight to very high-glucose than to high-glucose. These two components should be calculated and displayed separately, but they can also be combined into a single Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) that corresponds closely to the clinician rankings of the overall quality of glycemia (r = 0.95). The GRI can be displayed graphically on a GRI Grid with the hypoglycemia component on the horizontal axis and the hyperglycemia component on the vertical axis. Diagonal lines divide the graph into five zones (quintiles) corresponding to the best (0th to 20th percentile) to worst (81st to 100th percentile) overall quality of glycemia. The GRI Grid enables users to track sequential changes within an individual over time and compare groups of individuals.ConclusionThe GRI is a single-number summary of the quality of glycemia. Its hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia components provide actionable scores and a graphical display (the GRI Grid) that can be used by clinicians and researchers to determine the glycemic effects of prescribed and investigational treatments.