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2. Ventilator-associated respiratory infection in a resource-restricted setting: impact and etiology

Author

Vu Dinh Phu, Behzad Nadjm, Nguyen Hoang Anh Duy, Dao Xuan Co, Nguyen Thi Hoang Mai, Dao Tuyet Trinh, James Campbell, Dong Phu Khiem, Tran Ngoc Quang, Huynh Thi Loan, Ha Son Binh, Quynh-Dao Dinh, Duong Bich Thuy, Huong Nguyen Phu Lan, Nguyen Hong Ha, Ana Bonell, Mattias Larsson, Hoang Minh Hoan, Đang Quoc Tuan, Hakan Hanberger, Hoang Nguyen Van Minh, Lam Minh Yen, Nguyen Van Hao, Nguyen Gia Binh, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau, Nguyen Van Kinh, Guy E. Thwaites, Heiman F. Wertheim, H. Rogier van Doorn, and C. Louise Thwaites

Subjects
Ventilator-associated respiratory infection, VARI, Ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP, Ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis, Vat, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract

Abstract Background Ventilator-associated respiratory infection (VARI) is a significant problem in resource-restricted intensive care units (ICUs), but differences in casemix and etiology means VARI in resource-restricted ICUs may be different from that found in resource-rich units. Data from these settings are vital to plan preventative interventions and assess their cost-effectiveness, but few are available. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study in four Vietnamese ICUs to assess the incidence and impact of VARI. Patients ≥ 16 years old and expected to be mechanically ventilated > 48 h were enrolled in the study and followed daily for 28 days following ICU admission. Results Four hundred fifty eligible patients were enrolled over 24 months, and after exclusions, 374 patients’ data were analyzed. A total of 92/374 cases of VARI (21.7/1000 ventilator days) were diagnosed; 37 (9.9%) of these met ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) criteria (8.7/1000 ventilator days). Patients with any VARI, VAP, or VARI without VAP experienced increased hospital and ICU stay, ICU cost, and antibiotic use (p

Published
2017
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5. The validation and utility of a quantitative one-step multiplex RT real-time PCR targeting Rotavirus A and Norovirus

Author

Dung, Tran Thi Ngoc, Phat, Voong Vinh, Nga, Tran Vu Thieu, My, Phan Vu Tra, Duy, Pham Thanh, Campbell, James I., Thuy, Cao Thu, Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh, Van Minh, Pham, Le Phuc, Hoang, Tuyet, Pham Thi Ngoc, Vinh, Ha, Kien, Duong Thi Hue, Huy, Huynh Le Anh, Vinh, Nguyen Thanh, Nga, Tran Thi Thu, Hau, Nguyen Thi Thu, Chinh, Nguyen Tran, Thuong, Tang Chi, Tuan, Ha Manh, Simmons, Cameron, Farrar, Jeremy J., and Baker, Stephen

Published
2013
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6. Growth-Inhibiting, Bactericidal, Antibiofilm, and Urease Inhibitory Activities of Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. Flower Constituents toward Antibiotic Sensitive- and Resistant-Strains of Helicobacter pylori

Author

My Ngan Luong Thi, Linh Nguyen Thi Thuy, Hoang Nguyen Van Minh, My-Nuong Thi Nguyen, Hieu Tran Trung, and Hoa Truong Thi Huynh

Subjects
Naringenin, biology, medicine.drug_class, General Chemical Engineering, Antibiotics, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, General Chemistry, Helicobacter pylori, biology.organism_classification, Antimicrobial, Protocatechuic acid, Microbiology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemistry, chemistry, medicine, Myricetin, Luteolin, QD1-999
Abstract

The aim of the present study was to assess antimicrobial effects of naringenin (NRG), luteolin (LUT), myricetin (MCT), and protocatechuic acid (PCA) identified in a Hibiscus rosa sinensis flower against two reference strains and five clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori. NRG displayed the most growth inhibitory and bactericidal activities to seven bacterial strains including six strains resistant to one or several antibiotics, azithromycin (MIC, 16-32 mg/L), erythromycin (MIC, 32 mg/L), levofloxacin (MIC, 32 mg/L), and/or metronidazole (24-64 mg/L), followed by LUT and MCT, while PCA showed weak activities toward the strains. These constituents had similar antibacterial activities toward the seven tested strains suggesting that these constituents and the antibiotics do not have a common mechanism of anti-H. pylori activity. NRG, LUT, and MCT resulted in a high percentage of coccoid forms of H. pylori. NRG exhibited the highest anti-biofilm formation activity. MCT produced the strongest inhibition of urease activity followed by LUT and PCA, whereas the activity of NRG was similar to standard inhibitor thiourea. The four constituents had no significant toxicity to human cell lines. A global attempt to decrease utilization of antibiotics justifies the need for further research on H. rosa sinensis derived materials containing NRG, LUT, MCT, and PCA as potential products or lead compounds for the prevention or treatment of diseases caused by H. pylori infection.

Published
2020

7. Clinical implications of reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in paediatric Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri infections

Author

Thompson, Corinne N., Thieu, Nga Tran Vu, Vinh, Phat Voong, Duc, Anh Nguyen, Wolbers, Marcel, Vinh, Ha, Campbell, James I., Ngoc, Dung Tran Thi, Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh, Thanh, Tuyen Ha, The, Hao Chung, Nguyen, To Nguyen Thi, Lan, Nguyen Phu Huong, Parry, Christopher M., Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh, Thwaites, Guy, Thanh, Duy Pham, and Baker, Stephen

Published
2016
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8. Chemical composition and anti-Helicobacter pyloriactivity of essential oil from fresh fruits of Litsea cubeba(Lour.) Pers

Author

Hung, Tran Thanh, Ngan, Luong Thi My, Viet, Hoang, Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh, and Hieu, Tran Trung

Abstract

ABSTRACTMain chemical compositions of essential oil (EO) from Litsea cubebafruit collected in Kon Tum Province of Vietnam were geranial (32.0%), neral (24.3%), citronellal (14.2%), and limonene (10.1%). Twenty-four compounds of the EO were identified and compared with those from EOs previously reported in India, China, and Malaysia. Minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) indicated that the EO induced high levels of growth inhibition and moderate bactericidal activity against seven test Helicobacter pyloristrains, including six strains resistant to one to four antibiotics, azithromycin, erythromycin, levofloxacin, and metronidazole. The bacterial biofilm formation was significantly suppressed by the EO at 1/2 and 3/4×MIC. The EO also exerts inhibitory activity against H. pylori-urease and convert a spiral form of H. pyloriinto a coccoid form. Fruit EO inhibits bacterial growth via both contact and fumigant action.

Published
2023
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9. Endemic norovirus infections in children, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 2009-2010

Author

My, Phan Vu Tra, Thompson, Corinne, Phuc, Hoang Le, Tuyet, Pham Thi Ngoc, Vinh, Ha, Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh, Van Minh, Pham, Vinh, Nguyen Thanh, Thuy, Cao Thu, Nga, Tran Thi Thu, Hau, Nguyen Thi Thu, Campbell, James, Chinh, Nguyen Tran, Thuong, Tang Chi, Tuan, Ha Manh, Farrar, Jeremy, and Baker, Stephen

Subjects
Norovirus -- Health aspects, Gastroenteritis -- Causes of -- Risk factors, Public health -- Research, Health
Abstract

Norovirus (NoV) is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children The Study This study was conducted in 3 hospitals (Children's Hospital 1, Children's Hospital 2, and the Hospital for [...]

Published
2013
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10. The Role of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Toxigenic Clostridium tetani Infection: A Case-Control Study

Author

Hao, Nguyen Van, primary, Huyen, Nguyen Ngoc My, additional, Ny, Nguyen Thi Han, additional, Trang, Vo Thi Nhu, additional, Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh, additional, Thuy, Duong Bich, additional, Nguyen, Nguyen Thanh, additional, Lieu, Pham Thi, additional, Duong, Ha Thi Hai, additional, Thuy, Tran Thi Diem, additional, Nhat, Phung Tran Huy, additional, Tam, Dong Thi Hoai, additional, Boni, Maciej F., additional, Yen, Lam Minh, additional, Tan, Le Van, additional, Thanh, Tran Tan, additional, Campbell, James, additional, and Thwaites, C. Louise, additional

Published
2021
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11. Emergence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii as the major cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care unit patients at an infectious disease hospital in southern Vietnam

Author

Nhu, Nguyen Thi Khanh, Lan, Nguyen Phu Huong, Campbell, James I., Parry, Christopher M., Thompson, Corinne, Tuyen, Ha Thanh, Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh, Tam, Pham Thi Thanh, Le, Vien Minh, Nga, Tran Vu Thieu, Nhu, Tran Do Hoang, Van Minh, Pham, Nga, Nguyen Thi Thu, Thuy, Cao Thu, Dung, Le Thi, Yen, Nguyen Thi Thu, Van Hao, Nguyen, Loan, Huynh Thi, Yen, Lam Minh, Nghia, Ho Dang Trung, Hien, Tran Tinh, Thwaites, Louise, Thwaites, Guy, Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh, and Baker, Stephen

Published
2014
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12. Aetiologies of central nervous system infection in Viet Nam: a prospective provincial hospital-based descriptive surveillance study.

Author

Nghia Ho Dang Trung, Tu Le Thi Phuong, Marcel Wolbers, Hoang Nguyen Van Minh, Vinh Nguyen Thanh, Minh Pham Van, Nga Tran Vu Thieu, Tan Le Van, Diep To Song, Phuong Le Thi, Thao Nguyen Thi Phuong, Cong Bui Van, Vu Tang, Tuan Hoang Ngoc Anh, Dong Nguyen, Tien Phan Trung, Lien Nguyen Thi Nam, Hao Tran Kiem, Tam Nguyen Thi Thanh, James Campbell, Maxine Caws, Jeremy Day, Menno D de Jong, Chau Nguyen Van Vinh, H Rogier Van Doorn, Hien Tran Tinh, Jeremy Farrar, Constance Schultsz, and VIZIONS CNS Infection Network

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) remain common and life-threatening, especially in developing countries. Knowledge of the aetiological agents responsible for these infections is essential to guide empiric therapy and develop a rational public health policy. To date most data has come from patients admitted to tertiary referral hospitals in Asia and there is limited aetiological data at the provincial hospital level where most patients are seen.We conducted a prospective Provincial Hospital-based descriptive surveillance study in adults and children at thirteen hospitals in central and southern Viet Nam between August 2007-April 2010. The pathogens of CNS infection were confirmed in CSF and blood samples by using classical microbiology, molecular diagnostics and serology.We recruited 1241 patients with clinically suspected infection of the CNS. An aetiological agent was identified in 640/1241 (52%) of the patients. The most common pathogens were Streptococcus suis serotype 2 in patients older than 14 years of age (147/617, 24%) and Japanese encephalitis virus in patients less than 14 years old (142/624, 23%). Mycobacterium tuberculosis was confirmed in 34/617 (6%) adult patients and 11/624 (2%) paediatric patients. The acute case fatality rate (CFR) during hospital admission was 73/617 (12%) in adults and to 42/624 (7%) in children.Zoonotic bacterial and viral pathogens are the most common causes of CNS infection in adults and children in Viet Nam.

Published
2012
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14. Colonization with Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae causes infections in a Vietnamese intensive care unit

Author

Thuy, Duong Bich, primary, Campbell, James, additional, Thuy, Cao Thu, additional, Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh, additional, Voong Vinh, Phat, additional, Nguyen, To Nguyen Thi, additional, Nguyen Ngoc Minh, Chau, additional, Pham, Duy Thanh, additional, Rabaa, Maia A., additional, Lan, Nguyen Phu Huong, additional, Hao, Nguyen Van, additional, Thwaites, Guy E., additional, Thwaites, C. Louise, additional, Baker, Stephen, additional, Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh, additional, and Chung The, Hao, additional

Published
2021
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16. Ventilator-associated respiratory infection in a resource-restricted setting: impact and etiology

Author

Duong Bich Thuy, C. Louise Thwaites, Dao Tuyet Trinh, James Campbell, Quynh-Dao Dinh, Nguyen Thi Hoang Mai, Nguyen Hoang Anh Duy, Hoang Minh Hoan, Huong Nguyen Phu Lan, Guy E. Thwaites, Nguyen Hong Ha, Behzad Nadjm, Dao Xuan Co, Ha Son Binh, Dong Phu Khiem, Huynh Thi Loan, Heiman F. L. Wertheim, H. Rogier van Doorn, Lam Minh Yen, Ana Bonell, Nguyen Van Hao, Hoang Nguyen Van Minh, Håkan Hanberger, Đang Quoc Tuan, Mattias Larsson, Tran Ngoc Quang, Nguyen Gia Binh, Nguyen Van Kinh, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau, and Vu Dinh Phu

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Antimicrobial resistance, Carbapenem resistance, Hospital-acquired infection, Resource-restricted, VAP, VARI, Vat, Ventilator-associated pneumonia, Ventilator-associated respiratory infection, Ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis, Vietnam, Anestesi och intensivvård, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Intensive care, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, business.industry, Tetanus, Incidence (epidemiology), Research, lcsh:Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, Respiratory infection, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, lcsh:RC86-88.9, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Pneumonia, Etiology, business
Abstract

Background Ventilator-associated respiratory infection (VARI) is a significant problem in resource-restricted intensive care units (ICUs), but differences in casemix and etiology means VARI in resource-restricted ICUs may be different from that found in resource-rich units. Data from these settings are vital to plan preventative interventions and assess their cost-effectiveness, but few are available. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study in four Vietnamese ICUs to assess the incidence and impact of VARI. Patients ≥ 16 years old and expected to be mechanically ventilated > 48 h were enrolled in the study and followed daily for 28 days following ICU admission. Results Four hundred fifty eligible patients were enrolled over 24 months, and after exclusions, 374 patients’ data were analyzed. A total of 92/374 cases of VARI (21.7/1000 ventilator days) were diagnosed; 37 (9.9%) of these met ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) criteria (8.7/1000 ventilator days). Patients with any VARI, VAP, or VARI without VAP experienced increased hospital and ICU stay, ICU cost, and antibiotic use (p

Published
2017

18. Azithromycin Resistance in Shigella spp. in Southeast Asia

Author

Darton, Thomas C., primary, Tuyen, Ha Thanh, additional, The, Hao Chung, additional, Newton, Paul N., additional, Dance, David A. B., additional, Phetsouvanh, Rattanaphone, additional, Davong, Viengmon, additional, Campbell, James I., additional, Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh, additional, Thwaites, Guy E., additional, Parry, Christopher M., additional, Thanh, Duy Pham, additional, and Baker, Stephen, additional

Published
2018
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19. A one-year prospective study of colonization with antimicrobial-resistant organisms on admission to a Vietnamese intensive care unit

Author

Thuy, Duong Bich, primary, Campbell, James, additional, Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh, additional, Trinh, Truong Thi Thuy, additional, Duong, Ha Thi Hai, additional, Hieu, Nguyen Chi, additional, Duy, Nguyen Hoang Anh, additional, Hao, Nguyen Van, additional, Baker, Stephen, additional, Thwaites, Guy E., additional, Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh, additional, and Thwaites, C. Louise, additional

Published
2017
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21. Clinical implications of reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in paediatricShigella sonneiandShigella flexneriinfections

Author

Thompson, Corinne N., primary, Thieu, Nga Tran Vu, additional, Vinh, Phat Voong, additional, Duc, Anh Nguyen, additional, Wolbers, Marcel, additional, Vinh, Ha, additional, Campbell, James I., additional, Ngoc, Dung Tran Thi, additional, Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh, additional, Thanh, Tuyen Ha, additional, The, Hao Chung, additional, Nguyen, To Nguyen Thi, additional, Lan, Nguyen Phu Huong, additional, Parry, Christopher M., additional, Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh, additional, Thwaites, Guy, additional, Thanh, Duy Pham, additional, and Baker, Stephen, additional

Published
2015
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22. A Prospective Multi-Center Observational Study of Children Hospitalized with Diarrhea in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Author

Thompson, Corinne N., primary, Minh, Pham Van, additional, Phuc, Hoang Le, additional, Thuong, Tang Chi, additional, Vinh, Ha, additional, Tu, Le Thi Phuong, additional, Thuy, Cao Thu, additional, Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh, additional, Tuyet, Pham Thi Ngoc, additional, Phan, My V. T., additional, Ngoc, Nguyen Minh, additional, Duy, Pham Thanh, additional, Nga, Tran Vu Thieu, additional, Duong, Vu Thuy, additional, Dung, Tran Thi Ngoc, additional, Chinh, Nguyen Tran, additional, Rabaa, Maia A., additional, Jenkins, Claire, additional, Hien, Tran Tinh, additional, Campbell, James I., additional, Vinh, Nguyen Thanh, additional, Phat, Voong Vinh, additional, Tuan, Ha Manh, additional, Baker, Stephen, additional, Tuyen, Ha Thanh, additional, Nga, Tran Thi Thu, additional, Yoshihara, Keisuke, additional, Thwaites, Guy, additional, and Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh, additional

Published
2015
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23. Identification of Possible Virulence Marker fromCampylobacter jejuniIsolates

Author

Harrison, James W., primary, Dung, Tran Thi Ngoc, additional, Siddiqui, Fariha, additional, Korbrisate, Sunee, additional, Bukhari, Habib, additional, Tra, My Phan Vu, additional, Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh, additional, Carrique-Mas, Juan, additional, Bryant, Juliet, additional, Campbell, James I., additional, Studholme, David J., additional, Wren, Brendan W., additional, Baker, Stephen, additional, Titball, Richard W., additional, and Champion, Olivia L., additional

Published
2014
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24. The dynamics of GII.4 Norovirus in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Author

My, Phan Vu Tra, Lam, Ha Minh, Thompson, Corinne, Phuc, Hoang Le, Tuyet, Pham Thi Ngoc, Vinh, Ha, Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh, Minh, PhamVan, Vinh, Nguyen Thanh, Thuy, Cao Thu, Clements, Archie, My, Phan Vu Tra, Lam, Ha Minh, Thompson, Corinne, Phuc, Hoang Le, Tuyet, Pham Thi Ngoc, Vinh, Ha, Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh, Minh, PhamVan, Vinh, Nguyen Thanh, Thuy, Cao Thu, and Clements, Archie

Abstract

Norovirus (NoV) is a major cause of epidemic gastroenteritis in industrialized countries, yet the epidemiological significance of NoV in industrializing countries remains poorly understood. The spatiotemporal distribution of NoV genotypes identified in 2054 enrolled children was investigated between May 2009 and December 2010, in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam. A total of 315 NoV extracted from stool samples were genotyped and GPS mapped to their source. Genogroup II NoV, particularly GII.4, were predominant, and the GII.4 strains could be subgrouped into GII.4-2006b (Minerva) and GII.4-2010 (New Orleans) variants. There was no spatiotemporal structure among the endemic GII strains; yet a significant spatiotemporal signal corresponding with the novel introduction of GII.4-2010 variant was detected. These data show that NoV GII.4 variants are highly endemic in HCMC and describe a scenario of rapid NoV strain replacement occurring in HCMC in early 2010.

Published
2013

25. Tracking the establishment of local endemic populations of an emergent enteric pathogen

Author

Holt, Kathryn E., primary, Thieu Nga, Tran Vu, additional, Thanh, Duy Pham, additional, Vinh, Ha, additional, Kim, Dong Wook, additional, Vu Tra, My Phan, additional, Campbell, James I., additional, Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh, additional, Vinh, Nguyen Thanh, additional, Minh, Pham Van, additional, Thuy, Cao Thu, additional, Nga, Tran Thi Thu, additional, Thompson, Corinne, additional, Dung, Tran Thi Ngoc, additional, Nhu, Nguyen Thi Khanh, additional, Vinh, Phat Voong, additional, Tuyet, Pham Thi Ngoc, additional, Phuc, Hoang Le, additional, Lien, Nguyen Thi Nam, additional, Phu, Bui Duc, additional, Ai, Nguyen Thi Thuy, additional, Tien, Nguyen Manh, additional, Dong, Nguyen, additional, Parry, Christopher M., additional, Hien, Tran Tinh, additional, Farrar, Jeremy J., additional, Parkhill, Julian, additional, Dougan, Gordon, additional, Thomson, Nicholas R., additional, and Baker, Stephen, additional

Published
2013
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26. The dynamics of GII.4 Norovirus in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Author

Tra My, Phan Vu, primary, Lam, Ha Minh, additional, Thompson, Corinne N., additional, Phuc, Hoang Le, additional, Tuyet, Pham Thi Ngoc, additional, Vinh, Ha, additional, Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh, additional, Minh, PhamVan, additional, Vinh, Nguyen Thanh, additional, Thuy, Cao Thu, additional, Nga, Tran Thi Thu, additional, Hau, Nguyen Thi Thu, additional, Chinh, Nguyen Tran, additional, Thuong, Tang Chi, additional, Tuan, Ha Manh, additional, Campbell, James I., additional, Clements, Archie C.A., additional, Farrar, Jeremy, additional, Boni, Maciej F., additional, and Baker, Stephen, additional

Published
2013
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27. The decline of typhoid and the rise of non-typhoid salmonellae and fungal infections in a changing HIV landscape: bloodstream infection trends over 15 years in southern Vietnam

Author

Nga, Tran Vu Thieu, primary, Parry, Christopher M., additional, Le, Thuy, additional, Lan, Nguyen Phu Huong, additional, Diep, To Song, additional, Campbell, James I., additional, Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh, additional, Dung, Le Thi, additional, Wain, John, additional, Dolecek, Christiane, additional, Farrar, Jeremy J., additional, Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh, additional, Hien, Tran Tinh, additional, Day, Jeremy N., additional, and Baker, Stephen, additional

Published
2012
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28. The Emergence of Rotavirus G12 and the Prevalence of Enteric Viruses in Hospitalized Pediatric Diarrheal Patients in Southern Vietnam

Author

Tra My, Phan Vu, primary, Vinh, Nguyen Thanh, additional, Bay, Phan Van Be, additional, Campbell, James I., additional, Vinh, Ha, additional, Baker, Stephen, additional, Phuong, Le Thi, additional, Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh, additional, Rabaa, Maia A., additional, Farrar, Jeremy, additional, Holmes, Edward C., additional, and Tham, Nguyen Thi, additional

Published
2011
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29. A Multi-Center Randomized Trial to Assess the Efficacy of Gatifloxacin versus Ciprofloxacin for the Treatment of Shigellosis in Vietnamese Children

Author

Vinh, Ha, primary, Anh, Vo Thi Cuc, additional, Anh, Nguyen Duc, additional, Campbell, James I., additional, Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh, additional, Nga, Tran Vu Thieu, additional, Nhu, Nguyen Thi Khanh, additional, Minh, Pham Van, additional, Thuy, Cao Thu, additional, Duy, Pham Thanh, additional, Phuong, Le Thi, additional, Loan, Ha Thi, additional, Chinh, Mai Thu, additional, Thao, Nguyen Thi Thu, additional, Tham, Nguyen Thi Hong, additional, Mong, Bui Li, additional, Bay, Phan Van Be, additional, Day, Jeremy N., additional, Dolecek, Christiane, additional, Lan, Nguyen Phu Huong, additional, Diep, To Song, additional, Farrar, Jeremy J., additional, Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh, additional, Wolbers, Marcel, additional, and Baker, Stephen, additional

Published
2011
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30. Temporal Fluctuation of Multidrug Resistant Salmonella Typhi Haplotypes in the Mekong River Delta Region of Vietnam

Author

Holt, Kathryn E., primary, Dolecek, Christiane, additional, Chau, Tran Thuy, additional, Duy, Pham Thanh, additional, La, Tran Thi Phi, additional, Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh, additional, Nga, Tran Vu Thieu, additional, Campbell, James I., additional, Manh, Bui Huu, additional, Vinh Chau, Nguyen Van, additional, Hien, Tran Tinh, additional, Farrar, Jeremy, additional, Dougan, Gordon, additional, and Baker, Stephen, additional

Published
2011
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31. Aetiologies of Central Nervous System Infection in Viet Nam: A Prospective Provincial Hospital-Based Descriptive Surveillance Study

Author

Minh Pham Van, Jeremy Farrar, James Campbell, Nga Tran Vu Thieu, Thao Nguyen Thi Phuong, Tien Phan Trung, H. Rogier van Doorn, Menno D. de Jong, Hoang Nguyen Van Minh, Vinh Nguyen Thanh, Phuong Le Thi, Chau Nguyen Van Vinh, Tam Nguyen Thi Thanh, Tu Le Thi Phuong, Nghia Ho Dang Trung, Vu Tang, Tuan Hoang Ngoc Anh, Cong Bui Van, Hao Tran Kiem, Marcel Wolbers, Dong Nguyen, Diep To Song, Tan Le Van, Lien Nguyen Thi Nam, Constance Schultsz, Jeremy N. Day, Hien Tran Tinh, Maxine Caws, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, and Global Health

Subjects
Central Nervous System, Bacterial Diseases, Male, Pediatrics, Anatomy and Physiology, Epidemiology, lcsh:Medicine, Serology, 0302 clinical medicine, Central Nervous System Infections, Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System, Case fatality rate, 030212 general & internal medicine, Encephalitis, Viral, Prospective Studies, lcsh:Science, Prospective cohort study, Child, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Middle Aged, Meningitis, Viral, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Neurology, Vietnam, Child, Preschool, Population Surveillance, Medicine, Female, Empiric therapy, Meningitis, Encephalitis, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurophysiology, Neurological System, Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Meningitis, Bacterial, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, medicine, Japanese Encephalitis, Humans, Intensive care medicine, Biology, Population Biology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, lcsh:R, Infant, Japanese encephalitis, medicine.disease, Etiology, lcsh:Q, business, Neuroscience
Abstract

Background Infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) remain common and life-threatening, especially in developing countries. Knowledge of the aetiological agents responsible for these infections is essential to guide empiric therapy and develop a rational public health policy. To date most data has come from patients admitted to tertiary referral hospitals in Asia and there is limited aetiological data at the provincial hospital level where most patients are seen. Methods We conducted a prospective Provincial Hospital-based descriptive surveillance study in adults and children at thirteen hospitals in central and southern Viet Nam between August 2007– April 2010. The pathogens of CNS infection were confirmed in CSF and blood samples by using classical microbiology, molecular diagnostics and serology. Results We recruited 1241 patients with clinically suspected infection of the CNS. An aetiological agent was identified in 640/1241 (52%) of the patients. The most common pathogens were Streptococcus suis serotype 2 in patients older than 14 years of age (147/617, 24%) and Japanese encephalitis virus in patients less than 14 years old (142/624, 23%). Mycobacterium tuberculosis was confirmed in 34/617 (6%) adult patients and 11/624 (2%) paediatric patients. The acute case fatality rate (CFR) during hospital admission was 73/617 (12%) in adults and to 42/624 (7%) in children. Conclusions Zoonotic bacterial and viral pathogens are the most common causes of CNS infection in adults and children in Viet Nam.

Published
2012
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32. A Randomised Trial Evaluating the Safety and Immunogenicity of the Novel Single Oral Dose Typhoid Vaccine M01ZH09 in Healthy Vietnamese Children

Author

Hien, Tran Tinh, primary, Dung, Nguyen Thi, additional, Truong, Nguyen Thanh, additional, Van, Ninh Thi Thanh, additional, Bich Chau, Tran Nguyen, additional, Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh, additional, Nga, Tran Thi Thu, additional, Thuy, Cao Thu, additional, Minh, Pham Van, additional, Binh, Nguyen Thi Cam, additional, Ha, Tran Thi Diem, additional, Toi, Pham Van, additional, Song Diep, To, additional, Campbell, James I., additional, Stockwell, Elaine, additional, Schultsz, Constance, additional, Simmons, Cameron P., additional, Glover, Clare, additional, Lam, Winnie, additional, Marques, Filipe, additional, May, James P., additional, Upton, Anthony, additional, Budhram, Ronald, additional, Dougan, Gordon, additional, Farrar, Jeremy, additional, Vinh Chau, Nguyen Van, additional, and Dolecek, Christiane, additional

Published
2010
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33. A changing picture of shigellosis in southern Vietnam: shifting species dominance, antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical presentation

Author

Vinh, Ha, primary, Nhu, Nguyen Thi Khanh, additional, Nga, Tran Vu Thieu, additional, Duy, Pham Thanh, additional, Campbell, James I, additional, Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh, additional, Boni, Maciej F, additional, My, Phan Vu Tra, additional, Parry, Christopher, additional, Nga, Tran Thi Thu, additional, Van Minh, Pham, additional, Thuy, Cao Thu, additional, Diep, To Song, additional, Phuong, Le Thi, additional, Chinh, Mai Thu, additional, Loan, Ha Thi, additional, Tham, Nguyen Thi Hong, additional, Lanh, Mai Ngoc, additional, Mong, Bui Li, additional, Anh, Vo Thi Cuc, additional, Bay, Phan Van Be, additional, Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh, additional, Farrar, Jeremy, additional, and Baker, Stephen, additional

Published
2009
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35. Azithromycin Resistance in Shigella spp. in Southeast Asia

Author

Darton, Thomas C, Tuyen, Ha Thanh, The, Hao Chung, Newton, Paul N, Dance, David AB, Phetsouvanh, Rattanaphone, Davong, Viengmon, Campbell, James I, Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh, Thwaites, Guy E, Parry, Christopher M, Thanh, Duy Pham, and Baker, Stephen

Subjects
azithromycin, Shigella sonnei, breakpoints, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Southeast Asia, 3. Good health, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Shigella flexneri, resistance, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Shigella, Asia, Southeastern, Phylogeny, genome analysis, Dysentery, Bacillary
Abstract

Infection by Shigella spp. is a common cause of dysentery in Southeast Asia. Antimicrobials are thought to be beneficial for treatment; however, antimicrobial resistance in Shigella spp. is becoming widespread. We aimed to assess the frequency and mechanisms associated with decreased susceptibility to azithromycin in Southeast Asian Shigella isolates and use these data to assess appropriate susceptibility breakpoints. Shigella isolates recovered in Vietnam and Laos were screened for susceptibility to azithromycin (15 μg) by disc diffusion and MIC. Phenotypic resistance was confirmed by PCR amplification of macrolide resistance loci. We compared the genetic relationships and plasmid contents of azithromycin-resistant Shigella sonnei isolates using whole-genome sequences. From 475 available Shigella spp. isolated in Vietnam and Laos between 1994 and 2012, 6/181 S. flexneri isolates (3.3%, MIC ≥ 16 g/liter) and 16/294 S. sonnei isolates (5.4%, MIC ≥ 32 g/liter) were phenotypically resistant to azithromycin. PCR amplification confirmed a resistance mechanism in 22/475 (4.6%) isolates (mphA in 19 isolates and ermB in 3 isolates). The susceptibility data demonstrated the acceptability of the S. flexneri (MIC ≥ 16 g/liter, zone diameter ≤ 15 mm) and S. sonnei (MIC ≥ 32 g/liter, zone diameter ≤ 11 mm) breakpoints with a

36. Azithromycin Resistance in Shigellaspp. in Southeast Asia

Author

Darton, Thomas C., Tuyen, Ha Thanh, The, Hao Chung, Newton, Paul N., Dance, David A. B., Phetsouvanh, Rattanaphone, Davong, Viengmon, Campbell, James I., Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh, Thwaites, Guy E., Parry, Christopher M., Thanh, Duy Pham, and Baker, Stephen

Abstract

ABSTRACTInfection by Shigellaspp. is a common cause of dysentery in Southeast Asia. Antimicrobials are thought to be beneficial for treatment; however, antimicrobial resistance in Shigellaspp. is becoming widespread. We aimed to assess the frequency and mechanisms associated with decreased susceptibility to azithromycin in Southeast Asian Shigellaisolates and use these data to assess appropriate susceptibility breakpoints. Shigellaisolates recovered in Vietnam and Laos were screened for susceptibility to azithromycin (15 μg) by disc diffusion and MIC. Phenotypic resistance was confirmed by PCR amplification of macrolide resistance loci. We compared the genetic relationships and plasmid contents of azithromycin-resistant Shigella sonneiisolates using whole-genome sequences. From 475 available Shigellaspp. isolated in Vietnam and Laos between 1994 and 2012, 6/181 S. flexneriisolates (3.3%, MIC ≥ 16 g/liter) and 16/294 S. sonneiisolates (5.4%, MIC ≥ 32 g/liter) were phenotypically resistant to azithromycin. PCR amplification confirmed a resistance mechanism in 22/475 (4.6%) isolates (mphAin 19 isolates and ermBin 3 isolates). The susceptibility data demonstrated the acceptability of the S. flexneri(MIC ≥ 16 g/liter, zone diameter ≤ 15 mm) and S. sonnei(MIC ≥ 32 g/liter, zone diameter ≤ 11 mm) breakpoints with a <3% discrepancy. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that decreased susceptibility has arisen sporadically in Vietnamese S. sonneiisolates on at least seven occasions between 2000 and 2009 but failed to become established. While the proposed susceptibility breakpoints may allow better recognition of resistant isolates, additional studies are required to assess the impact on the clinical outcome. The potential emergence of azithromycin resistance highlights the need for alternative options for management of Shigellainfections in countries where Shigellais endemic.

Published
2018
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37. Identification of possible virulence marker from Campylobacter jejuni isolates.

Author

Harrison JW, Dung TT, Siddiqui F, Korbrisate S, Bukhari H, Tra MP, Hoang NV, Carrique-Mas J, Bryant J, Campbell JI, Studholme DJ, Wren BW, Baker S, Titball RW, and Champion OL

Subjects
Animals, Asia epidemiology, Bacterial Secretion Systems genetics, Campylobacter Infections microbiology, Campylobacter Infections transmission, Campylobacter jejuni classification, Campylobacter jejuni isolation & purification, Chickens, Diarrhea microbiology, Humans, Phylogeny, Sequence Analysis, DNA, United Kingdom epidemiology, Virulence, Campylobacter Infections epidemiology, Campylobacter jejuni genetics, Campylobacter jejuni pathogenicity, Diarrhea epidemiology, Genome, Bacterial, Meat microbiology
Abstract

A novel protein translocation system, the type-6 secretion system (T6SS), may play a role in virulence of Campylobacter jejuni. We investigated 181 C. jejuni isolates from humans, chickens, and environmental sources in Vietnam, Thailand, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom for T6SS. The marker was most prevalent in human and chicken isolates from Vietnam.

Published
2014
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38. Risk factors of Streptococcus suis infection in Vietnam. A case-control study.

Author

Nghia HD, Tu le TP, Wolbers M, Thai CQ, Hoang NV, Nga TV, Thao le TP, Phu NH, Chau TT, Sinh DX, Diep TS, Hang HT, Truong H, Campbell J, Chau NV, Chinh NT, Dung NV, Hoa NT, Spratt BG, Hien TT, Farrar J, and Schultsz C

Subjects
Adult, Age Distribution, Animals, Carrier State microbiology, Case-Control Studies, Female, Hospitals, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Risk Factors, Streptococcal Infections microbiology, Streptococcus suis genetics, Sus scrofa microbiology, Vietnam epidemiology, Streptococcal Infections epidemiology, Streptococcus suis physiology
Abstract

Background: Streptococcus suis infection, an emerging zoonosis, is an increasing public health problem across South East Asia and the most common cause of acute bacterial meningitis in adults in Vietnam. Little is known of the risk factors underlying the disease., Methods and Findings: A case-control study with appropriate hospital and matched community controls for each patient was conducted between May 2006 and June 2009. Potential risk factors were assessed using a standardized questionnaire and investigation of throat and rectal S. suis carriage in cases, controls and their pigs, using real-time PCR and culture of swab samples. We recruited 101 cases of S. suis meningitis, 303 hospital controls and 300 community controls. By multivariate analysis, risk factors identified for S. suis infection as compared to either control group included eating "high risk" dishes, including such dishes as undercooked pig blood and pig intestine (OR(1) = 2.22; 95%CI = [1.15-4.28] and OR(2) = 4.44; 95%CI = [2.15-9.15]), occupations related to pigs (OR(1) = 3.84; 95%CI = [1.32-11.11] and OR(2) = 5.52; 95%CI = [1.49-20.39]), and exposures to pigs or pork in the presence of skin injuries (OR(1) = 7.48; 95%CI = [1.97-28.44] and OR(2) = 15.96; 95%CI = [2.97-85.72]). S. suis specific DNA was detected in rectal and throat swabs of 6 patients and was cultured from 2 rectal samples, but was not detected in such samples of 1522 healthy individuals or patients without S. suis infection., Conclusions: This case control study, the largest prospective epidemiological assessment of this disease, has identified the most important risk factors associated with S. suis bacterial meningitis to be eating 'high risk' dishes popular in parts of Asia, occupational exposure to pigs and pig products, and preparation of pork in the presence of skin lesions. These risk factors can be addressed in public health campaigns aimed at preventing S. suis infection.

Published
2011
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