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Ethylene, the main raw material for polyethylene production, is a by-product produced by thermally decomposing naphtha and it contains a small amount of acetylene. The acetylene reacts as a permanent catalyst poison for the ethylene polymerization catalyst. In this study, we wanted to improve the acetylene conversion and the ethylene selectivity by selective hydrogenation of acetylene for removing acetylene contained in ethylene. Catalyst was prepared by loading nanosized gold (Au) and palladium (Pd) particles on support (Al2O3, TiO2). Deposition order Au and Pd particles was changed. The activity of the catalyst was investigated using a flow-typed fixed bed reactor under atmospheric pressure. Au and Pd particles deposited on TiO2 were oxidized to Au2O3 and PdO due to strong metal support interaction (SMSI). It was considered that the Au/Pd/Al2O3 catalyst was more active than the Pd/Au/Al2O3 catalyst due to the formation of the interface between Au particles and Pd particles (or support). But Pd/Au/Al2O3 catalyst is considered to have poor activity because Pd particles cover part of the interface between Au and the support. Au/Pd/Al2O3 catalyst showed the best catalytic activity, and acetylene conversion and ethylene selectivity were 100% and about 80% at 40 °C, respectively.

Styrenated phenol alkoxylates (SP-A) are prepared from styrenated phenols (SP) and ethylene oxide (EO) under a homogeneous base catalyst. However, to use EO that is difficult to handle, a high-pressure reaction device capable of reaction process control should be used. Additionally, the homogeneous base catalyst requires a neutralization process to remove the remaining catalyst after the reaction, and it is difficult to separate the catalysts and the product. Therefore, in this study, the separation of product and catalyst by using KOH/La₂O₃ catalyst was facilitated in the production of SP-A. Also, it was possible to produce SP-A under atmospheric pressure reaction conditions using EC. The mean molecular weight of SP-A varied depending on the reaction conditions, and the size of the mean molecular weight could be arbitrarily controlled by changing the reaction conditions.

Styrenated phenols (SPs) are usually synthesized by the reaction of styrene and phenol under acid catalysts. SPs with a high content of di-styrenated phenol (DSP) can be used to prepare styrenated phenol alkoxylate (SP-A). Therefore, in this study, a scale-up process for synthesizing SPs with high DSP content which can be used for synthesis of SP-A was studied. The solid catalyst used in this study was prepared by impregnation method. SO2-₄ was impregnated on a SO2-₄/ZrO₂ catalyst in an aqueous 1 M H₂SO₄ solution. The prepared catalysts were characterized by NH3-TPD. Catalytic activity was examined by measuring the conversion of phenol and styrene in a liquid-phase batch reactor. Almost 100% conversion of both phenol and styrene over 5-SO2-₄/ZrO₂ catalyst was obtained at a reaction temperature of 80 °C and a reaction time of 6 h. The amount of catalyst to the reactants was 2 wt%. Under the same reaction conditions, the selectivity of MSP, DSP, and TSP was 12.4%, 64.5%, and 23.1% respectively.

Zinc oxide/activated carbon nanocomposites were synthesized by impregnating zinc oxide nanoparticles onto activated carbon powder using liquid phase plasma (LPP) method. Zinc oxide nanoparticles on the surface of activated carbon were fabricated rapidly by the LPP method due to reducing the zinc ion in aqueous solution. The obtained zinc oxide/activated carbon nanocomposites were characterized by XPS, HRTEM, and EDS. The amount of zinc oxide nanoparticles impregnated increased with increasing initial precursor concentration. Approximately 150~300 nm sized spherical shaped nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed on the surface of activated carbon powder.

The liquid phase plasma (LPP) synthetic process has been exploited to synthesize nickel oxide nanoparticles doped TiO2 photocatalyst (NOTP) that can respond to visible light. The physicochemical properties of NOTPs were studied by several analysis instruments. The nickel oxide nanoparticles precipitated uniformly on the TiO2 powder are mostly NiO. The band gap energy of the NOTP measured was 2.99 eV, which was smaller than that of bare TiO2, 3.12 eV. The NOTP synthesized in this work showed high photoactivity under visible blue light.

Styrenated phenol was prepared by an alkylation of phenol using NiCl2 and AlCl3 supported on silica gel. The conversion of phenol and styrene of alkylation reaction, and the selectivity of styrenated phenol were investigated. The Al · Ni/SiO2 Supported catalyst was used, the conversion of phenol was almost 100%. The product was in the form of a mixture of mono-styrenated phenol, di-styrenated phenol and tri-styrenated phenol. The styrenated phenol were selectivity of the varies depending on the reaction conditions.

Styrenated phenols (SPs) involving very small amount of unreacted phenol and high content of di-SP (DSP) were synthesized, which can be used to prepare SP alkoxylate. The solid catalyst was prepared by impregnation method. SO2-4 on SO2-4/MxOy catalyst was introduced from an aqueous 1M-H2SO4 solution. The catalysts were characterized by XRD patterns, and FT-IR spectra. The catalytic activity was examined by measuring conversion of phenol and styrene in a batch liquid-phase reactor. The concentration of phenol, styrene, and SPs were measured by GC with capillary column. The optimum synthesis conditions for concentration of sulfuric acid solution, catalyst amount of reactants, reaction temperature, and reaction time over SO2-4/ZrO2 catalyst were 15 wt%, 15 wt%, 100 °C, and 6 hr, respectively. At these conditions, conversion of both phenol and styrene were almost 100%, and the selectivity of DSP was 52.1%. On the other hand, the optimum synthesis conditions over SO2-4/TiO2 catalyst were 10 wt%, 5 wt%, 100 °C, and 1 hr, respectively, and conversion of both phenol and styrene were almost 100%, and the selectivity of DSP was 66.1%.

Hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO₂) into methanol (CH₃OH) was carried out in the CuO–ZnO based supported gold catalyst prepared by the co-precipitation method. When gold nanoparticles were added to the CuO–ZnO/Al2O₃ catalysts (CuO–ZnO/Au/Al₂O₃), the CO₂ conversion and CH₃OH yield were increased (two times higher than that of CuO–ZnO/Al₂O₃ catalyst) with increasing reaction pressure, but selectivity of CH3OH was decreased. The main reason of this result could suggest the importance gold-oxides interface in CH₃OH formation through hydrogenation of CO₂. Maximum selectivity and yield to CH₃OH over CuO–ZnO/Au/Al₂O₃ were obtained at 250°C and under 15–20 bars.

Styrenated phenols are usually synthesized by the reaction of styrene and phenol under acid catalysts. Styrenated phenol involving high content of di-styrenated phenol (DSP) was synthesized, which can be used to prepare styrenated phenol alkoxylate. The solid catalyst used in this study was prepared by impregnation method. SO4 2- on SO4 2-/ZrO2 catalyst was introduced from an aqueous 1M-H2SO4 solution. The catalysts were characterized by SEM images, XRD patterns, and FT-IR spectra. The catalytic activity was examined by measuring the conversion of phenol and styrene in a liquid-phase batch reactor. Almost 100% conversion of both phenol and styrene over 15-SO4 2-/ZrO2 catalyst were obtained at reaction temperature of 100 °C and reaction time of 6 hr. Amount of catalyst to the reactants was 15 wt%. At same reaction conditions, selectivity of MSP, DSP, and TSP were 23.6%, 52.1%, and 5.4%, respectively. It was known that the selectivity to DSP was increased as IR absorption peak of 1236 cm-1 corresponding to O–S–O bonds was increased.

− In this study, new platinum complexes were synthesized utilizing the ligand of a 2,2'-bispyrimidine (bpim), 2,2'bipyridine (bpy), 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (5,5-mebpy), 5'-bromo-2,2'-bipyridine (5-brbpy), 5,5'-dibromo-2,2'-bipyridine (5,5brbpy), 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (4,4-mebpy), 4, 4'dihexyl-2, 2'Bipyridine (4,4-hebpy), 1, 10'Phenanthroline (phen), 3, 4, 7, 8'tetramethyl-1, 10'Phenanthroline (3,4,7,8-phen). In order to determine chemical structure of Synthesized platinum complexes, H(C)-NMR, UV-vis and FT-IR were used and optical physics and chemical properties were measured PL. In the case of platinum complexes, wavelength has been identified 356~421 nm. Quantum efficiency in DMSO solution was appeared 0.05~0.46.

The TiO2 powder was prepared from the spent titanium chips by applying the sol-gel method. The spent titanium chip was dissolved in HCl solution, and then NH4OH solution was added. The molar concentration of NH4OH solution was 2 M, 4 M, 8 M, and 10 M. Obtained TiO2 powders were calcined at 200 degrees C, 400 degrees C, and 600 degrees C. The prepared TiO2 powder was characterized using a particle size analysis, BET surface area, and XRD analysis. The crystal structure of the TiO2 powder was rutile type and anatase. The highest BET surface area of TiO2 powder was 432.8 m2/g. The photocatalytic property of the TiO2 powder was evaluated as decomposition rate of methylene blue(MB) by using a liquid phase stirred reactor. UV source was a UV-A, and concentration of MB in most experiments was 8 ppm. The concentration of MB was measured by absorbance at 664 nm using UV spectroscopy. Photocatalytic efficiency of prepared TiO2 powder depended highly on concentration of NH4OH solution. The TiO2 powder prepared with 8 M-NH4OH solution showed the highest efficiency, the decomposition efficiency at decomposition time of 2 hr and MB concentration of pH 8 was 98%.

Liquid phase plasma (LPP) process was applied to the impregnation of copper nanoparticles onto graphene sheet. Approximately 30-50 nm sized tetragonal nanoparticles were dispersed uniformly on the surface of the two-dimensional graphene sheet. The amount of copper nanoparticles precipitated increased with increasing LPP process time. When combined with a subsequent process, the synthesized copper/graphene nanocomposites will be able to high-performance Li-ion batteries effectively.

The reaction of platinum 5,5"-(9,9-dioctyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)di-2,2'-bipyridine with 2,2'-bipyridine) PtCI2, (1,10-phenanthroline)PtC2 and (2,2'-bipyrimidine)PtC2: (2,2'-bipyridine)Pt[5,5"-(9,9-dioctyl-9H- fluorene-2,7-diyl)di-2,2'-bipyridine] (1) (2,2'-bipyrimi-dine)Pt[5,5"-(9,9-dioctyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)di- 2,2'-bipyridine] (2) (1,10-Phenantroline)-Pt[5,5"-(9,9-dioctyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)di-2,2'-bipyridine] (3). In the study, new platinum complex compounds were synthesized utilizing the ligand of a 5,5"-(9,9- dioctyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)di-2,2'-bipyridine). Each of the three complexes was obtained through the reaction carried out in this study. These complexes were analyzed using 1H(13C)-NMR, PL, and a UV-vis spectrophotometer. The maximum wavelengths of complexes 1, 2, and 3 appear at 519 nm, 375 nm, and 517 nm, respectively. The quantum yields of these complexes are in the range of 0.35-0.67.

In this study, titanium chips (TC) generated from industrial facilities was utilized as TiO2 support for hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methyl alcohol (CH3OH) over Cu-based catalysts. Nano-sized CuO and ZnO catalysts were deposited on TiO2 support using a co-precipitation (CP) method (CuO-ZnO/TiO2), where the thermal treatment of TC and the particle size of TiC2 are optimized on CO2 conversion under different reaction temperature and contact time. Direct hydrogenation of CO2 to CH3OH over CuO-ZnO/TiO2 catalysts was achieved and the maximum selectivity (22%) and yield (18.2%) of CH3OH were obtained in the range of reaction temperature 210-240 degrees C under the 30 bar. The selectivity was readily increased by increasing the flow rate, which does not affect much to the CO2 conversion and CH3OH yield.

Styrenated phenols (SPs) are usually synthesized by the reaction of styrene and phenol under acid catalysts. SPs with a high content of di-styrenated phenol (DSP) can be used to prepare styrenated phenol alkoxylate (SP-A). Therefore, in this study, a scale-up process for synthesizing SPs with high DSP content which can be used for synthesis of SP-A was studied. The solid catalyst used in this study was prepared by impregnation method. SO

Noble metal/metal oxide nanostructures are an efficient system in photocatalysis. Continuous and scalable production of advanced particle systems will be a requirement for commercial-scale deployment for many applications, including photocatalysis. In this work, Au/ZnO structures were synthesized in a continuous flow micro-reactor at room temperature and the detailed characteristics of the product indicate a specific cotton ball-like core-shell microstructure that showcases specific advantages compared to traditional batch synthesis methods. The formation pathway of the core-shell Au/ZnO structures is discussed with the pH-dependent speciation diagram, and photocatalytic activity was assessed under simulated sunlight, demonstrating the enhanced performance of the cotton ball-like Au/ZnO microstructures in photocatalytic dye degradation. This work describes the application of microreaction technology in the continuous production of metal/metal oxide photocatalysts.

Styrenated phenols are usually synthesized by the reaction of styrene and phenol under acid catalysts. Styrenated phenol involving high content of di-styrenated phenol (DSP) was synthesized, which can be used to prepare styrenated phenol alkoxylate. The solid catalyst used in this study was prepared by impregnation method. SO4 2- on SO4 2-/ZrO2 catalyst was introduced from an aqueous 1M-H2SO4 solution. The catalysts were characterized by SEM images, XRD patterns, and FT-IR spectra. The catalytic activity was examined by measuring the conversion of phenol and styrene in a liquid-phase batch reactor. Almost 100% conversion of both phenol and styrene over 15-SO4 2-/ZrO2 catalyst were obtained at reaction temperature of 100 °C and reaction time of 6 hr. Amount of catalyst to the reactants was 15 wt%. At same reaction conditions, selectivity of MSP, DSP, and TSP were 23.6%, 52.1%, and 5.4%, respectively. It was known that the selectivity to DSP was increased as IR absorption peak of 1236 cm-1 corresponding to O–S–O bonds was increased.

Hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO₂) into methanol (CH₃OH) was carried out in the CuO–ZnO based supported gold catalyst prepared by the co-precipitation method. When gold nanoparticles were added to the CuO–ZnO/Al2O₃ catalysts (CuO–ZnO/Au/Al₂O₃), the CO₂ conversion and CH₃OH yield were increased (two times higher than that of CuO–ZnO/Al₂O₃ catalyst) with increasing reaction pressure, but selectivity of CH3OH was decreased. The main reason of this result could suggest the importance gold-oxides interface in CH₃OH formation through hydrogenation of CO₂. Maximum selectivity and yield to CH₃OH over CuO–ZnO/Au/Al₂O₃ were obtained at 250°C and under 15–20 bars.

The liquid phase plasma (LPP) synthetic process has been exploited to synthesize nickel oxide nanoparticles doped TiO2 photocatalyst (NOTP) that can respond to visible light. The physicochemical properties of NOTPs were studied by several analysis instruments. The nickel oxide nanoparticles precipitated uniformly on the TiO2 powder are mostly NiO. The band gap energy of the NOTP measured was 2.99 eV, which was smaller than that of bare TiO2, 3.12 eV. The NOTP synthesized in this work showed high photoactivity under visible blue light.

Styrenated phenols (SPs) involving very small amount of unreacted phenol and high content of di-SP (DSP) were synthesized, which can be used to prepare SP alkoxylate. The solid catalyst was prepared by impregnation method. SO2-4 on SO2-4/MxOy catalyst was introduced from an aqueous 1M-H2SO4 solution. The catalysts were characterized by XRD patterns, and FT-IR spectra. The catalytic activity was examined by measuring conversion of phenol and styrene in a batch liquid-phase reactor. The concentration of phenol, styrene, and SPs were measured by GC with capillary column. The optimum synthesis conditions for concentration of sulfuric acid solution, catalyst amount of reactants, reaction temperature, and reaction time over SO2-4/ZrO2 catalyst were 15 wt%, 15 wt%, 100 °C, and 6 hr, respectively. At these conditions, conversion of both phenol and styrene were almost 100%, and the selectivity of DSP was 52.1%. On the other hand, the optimum synthesis conditions over SO2-4/TiO2 catalyst were 10 wt%, 5 wt%, 100 °C, and 1 hr, respectively, and conversion of both phenol and styrene were almost 100%, and the selectivity of DSP was 66.1%.

The catalytic activity of a monolithic catalyst with nanosized Pt and Au particles on ZnO/Al2O3 (Pt-Au/ZnO/Al2O3/M) prepared by a wash-coat method was examined, specifically for toluene oxidation. Scanning electron microscopy image showed clearly the formation of a ZnO/Al2O3 layer on the monolith. Nanosized Pt-Au particles on ZnO/Al2O3/M with different sizes could be found in the Pt-Au/ZnO/Al2O3/M catalyst. The conversion of toluene decreased with increasing toluene concentration and was also largely affected by the feed flow rate. The Pt-Au/ZnO/Al2O3/M catalysts prepared in this work have almost the same activity (molecules of toluene per second) compared with a powder Pt-Au/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst with the same loadings of Pt and Au components; thus this catalyst could be used in controlling air pollution with very low concentrations and high flow rate.

Al nanoparticles were synthesized in liquid phase plasma using Al chloride as the precursor. CTAB was used as the surfactant to obtain well dispersed particles. When the surfactant was not added, large aggregated particles were generated. With increasing CTAB dosage, the size of the Al particles decreased and the degree of dispersion of the particles increased. At the initial stage of plasma discharge, dendrite shaped particles were produced. As discharge time evolved, however, particle size decreased and the particle morphology also changed into spherical shape. The solution pH decreased with increasing plasma discharge time.

The TiO2 powder was prepared from the spent titanium chips by applying the sol-gel method with neutralization by NaOH solution. The prepared TiO2 powder was characterized using a particle size analysis, BET surface area, and XRD analysis. The crystal structure of the TiO2 powder was rutile type, and the powder was obtained to be nanosized. BET surface area of TiO2 powder was 118 m2/g, average particle size was 266.5 nm. The photocatalytic property of the TiO2 powder was evaluated as decomposition rate of methylene blue (MB) by using a liquid phase stirred reactor. Decomposition rate on TiO2 powder (P-25) was 1.5 times higher than that of the prepared TiO2 powder. Decomposition rate on the prepared TiO2 powder was linearly increased with increasing the amount of TiO2 powder, and approached to a specific value. MB concentration and decomposition rate was not correlated within the experimental range. The maximum value of decomposition rate at about pH 8 was 62%.

The reaction of platinum [Pt(4-(N,N-bis(piridyl)amino)stilbene)]Cl2 with 5,5"-(9,9-dioctyl-9H-fluorene- 2,7-diyl)di-2,2'-bipyridine, 2,2'-bipyridine, and 1,10-phenathroline affords the following complexes: [(4-(N,N-bis(piridyl)amino)stilbene)Pt(5,5"-(9,9-dioctyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)di-2,2'-bipyridine)] (1), [(4-(N,N-bis(piridyl)amino)stilbene)Pt(2,2'-bipyridine)] (2), and [(4-(N,N-bis(piridyl)amino)stilbene) Pt(1,10-phenathroline)] (3). In this study, new platinum complex compounds were synthesized utilizing the ligand of a 4-(N,N-bis(piridyl)amino)stilbene system. These complexes were analyzed using a 1H(13C)-NMR, UV-vis and PL spectrophotometer. The maximum wavelengths of complexes 1, 2, and 3 appear at 409 nm, 410 nm, and 503 nm, respectively. The quantum yields of these complexes are 0.32-0.92.

The effect of anionic and cationic surfactants on the generation of nickel nanoparticles in a liquid-phase plasma was investigated. The size and morphology of nanoparticles generated under different conditions were observed. When no surfactant was added, more and larger particles were generated under a longer plasma treatment time and a higher electrical conductivity of the solution. When an anionic surfactant SDS was added, spherical nickel nanoparticles with various sizes were generated, with no clear evidence for the effect of SDS observed. When a cationic surfactant CTAB was added, very small nanoparticles (≤ 10 nm) could be obtained with a short reaction time. When the reaction time was too long (≥ 60 minutes), larger polygonal or wisker-shaped particles were generated.

휴대용 고분자전해질 연료전지의 수소발생용으로써 NaBH4는 많은 장점을 갖고 있다. 본 연구에서는 비담지 Co-B, Co-P-B 촉매의 NaBH4 가수분해 특성에 대해 연구하였다. 촉매의 BET 표면적, 수소 수율, NaBH4 농도 영향, 촉매 내구성 등을 실험하였다. 비담지 Co-B 촉매의 BET 표면적은 75.7 m2/g으로 FeCrAlloy에 담지한 Co-B 촉매에 비해 BET면적이 18배 높았다. 회분식 반응기에서 비담지 촉매들은 NaBH4 20~25 wt% 사용조건에서 97.6~98.5%의 높은 수소 수율을 보였다. NaBH4 농도가 30 wt%로 증가하면서 수소수율은 95.3~97.0%로 감소하였다. 비담지 촉매의 촉매 손실 율은 FeCrAlloy에 담지 촉매에 비해 낮았으며, NaBH4 농도가 증가하면서 촉매 손실율도 증가하였다. 연속 반응기에서1.2 g 비담지 Co-P-B 촉매를 사용해서 약 3l/min 발생속도로 가수분해 반응하여 90%의 수소 수율을 얻었다.

The liquid-phase plasma reduction method has been applied to prepare iron nanoparticles from iron chloride solution using a bipolar pulsed electrical discharge system. The excited states of atomic iron, hydrogen, and oxygen as well as the molecular bands of hydroxyl radicals were detected in the emission spectra. The iron nanoclusters formed at the initial stage convert to dispersion of small iron nanoparticles, which then grows slowly to form anisotropic, tetragonal shape. The cationic surfactant of CTAB was shown to exhibit a large influence on the particle generation procedure.

The reaction of styrene with phenol using photoacid catalyst has been investigated. Upon irradiation with 450 nm light, protonated merocyanine photoacid converts into spiropyran form with releasing proton. The reaction of styrene with phenol has been conducted under irradiation with 450 nm light using merocyanine photoacid catalyst at room temperature in comparison with the results using some selected catalysts including or at the reaction temperature of .

and exploring the antibacterial properties of thin films by culturing Streptococus Mutans (KCTC3065), using paper disk techniques. Our results showed no cytotoxic effects in any of the specimens, but the antibacterial effects against Streptococus Mutans appeared only in the 10 wt.% silver content specimens.

Using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method, hydroxyapatite (HAp) material was densified using a hydroxyapatite powder (RND Korea, 45 aŽ›, purity 98 +%). The HAp was nearly completely dense with a relative density of up to 97 % after the simultaneous application of 60 MPa of pressure and about 30 minutes of electric current without significant change in the grain size. The average grain size of HAp that was produced through SPS was approximately 13.2 aŽ›. The hardness and fracture toughness of the HAp sintered-body at 1200 °C were 253 ± 0.5 kg/mm2 and 0.48 ± 0.02 MPam1/2.

In order to reutilize the spent metallic titanium chips, TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared using the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) method, and were characterized by N2 gas adsorption, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope, particle size distribution. Also, their photocatalytic activities were evaluated using methylene blue as a model organic compound. It was confirmed that the crystal structure of TiO2 prepared by SHS method was relatively homogeneous powder of rutile type. Optimum conditions for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under UV-C irradiation were methylene blue 9.5 ppm in solution and at amount of TiO2 added of 0.02 g/L. In addition, it was found that the photocatalytic activity for methylene blue degradation over the prepared TiO2 particles was positively related with BET specific surface area.

The objective of this paper is to investigate the decomposition process of organic pollutants by liquid phase plasma. A bipolar pulsed power supply was used to generate discharges in the aqueous TiO2 nanoparticle dispersions. The applied voltage, pulse width, and frequency were 250 V, 5 micros, and 30 kHz, respectively. Properties of generated plasma were investigated by electrical and optical emission spectroscopy methods. The comparison of properties of the discharge operated with and without oxygen gas bubbling is shown. The results of electrical-discharge degradation of methylene blue showed that the decomposition rate increased with the TiO2 particle dosages. Addition of oxygen gas bubbles also increased the degradation rate of methylene blue.

Methyl alcohol is one of the basic intermediates in the chemical industry and is also being used as a fuel additive and as a clean burning fuel. In this study, conversion of carbon dioxide to methyl alcohol was investigated using catalytic chemical methods. Ceramic monoliths (M) with were used as catalyst supports. Monolith-supported CuO-ZnO catalysts were prepared by wash-coat method. The prepared catalysts were characterized by using ICP analysis, TEM images and XRD patterns. The catalytic activity for carbon dioxide hydrogenation to methyl alcohol was investigated using a flow-type reactor under various reaction temperature, pressure and contact time. In the preparation of monolith-supported CuO-ZnO catalysts by wash-coat method, proper concentration of precursors solution was 25.7% (w/v). The mixed crystal of CuO and ZnO was well supported on monolith. And it was known that more CuO component may be supported than ZnO component. Conversion of carbon dioxide was increased with increasing reaction temperature, but methyl alcohol selectivity was decreased. Optimum reaction temperature was about under 20 atm because of the reverse water gas shift reaction. Maximum yield of methyl alcohol over CuO-ZnO/M catalyst was 5.1 mol% at and 20 atm.

The solid cathode processing is necessary to separate salt from the cathode product for the preparation of a uranium ingot with a high purity in the pyroprocess. The capacity of a salt distiller should be sufficiently large to reach the throughput of uranium electro-refining process. In this study, an assembly composing a liquid separation sieve and a distillation crucible was developed for the sequential operation of a liquid salt separation and a vacuum distillation in the same tower. The feasibility of the sequential salt separation was examined by the rotation test of the sieve-crucible assembly and sequential operation of a liquid salt separation and a vacuum distillation. The adhered salt in the uranium deposits was removed successfully. The salt content in the deposits was below 0.1 wt% after the sequential operation of the liquid salt separation—salt distillation. From the results of this study, it could be concluded that efficient salt separation can be realized by the sequential operation of liquid salt separation and vacuum distillation in one distillation tower since the operation procedures are simplified and no extra operation of cooling and reheating is necessary.

Autothermal reforming of propane was studied with respect to the addition of ceria to the supported Ni catalysts. Ni/Al2O3 catalysts showed a higher activity than Ni/MgAl catalysts. It was related to the ease of the catalyst reduction. Ni/Ce/MgAl and Ni/Ce/Al2O3 catalysts showed higher propane conversions and higher hydrogen yields. These were related to the particle size and the reducibilities of the catalysts. XRD analysis showed that the added CeO2 decreased the particle sizes of the supported Ni, but increased the amount of NiO on the catalyst surface, thus it improved the resistance to coking.

If the surface of the titanium chips (TC) was modified by thermal treatment under air atmosphere, it could be reused as catalyst support or photocatalytic materials. TC-supported CuO and ZnO catalysts were prepared by impregnation (IMP) method and co-precipitation (CP) method using cupric nitrate and zinc nitrate solution as precursors. Loading of CuO and ZnO on TC was 40.6wt% and 50.3wt%, respectively. The catalytic activity for CO2 hydrogenation was investigated using a flow-typed reactor under various pressures. Conversion of carbon dioxide to methyl alcohol over the CuO-ZnO/TC catalyst by CP and IMP methods were ca. 22% and ca. 10%, respectively. Conversion of carbon dioxide over CuO-ZnO/TC catalyst by CP method was increased with increasing reaction temperature in ranging of 15atm to 30 atm. Maximum selectivity and yield to methyl alcohol over CuO-ZnO/TC catalyst at 250°C were ca. 90% at 20 atm and ca. 18.2% at 30 atm, respectively.

The reaction of platinum(II) complexes of [Pt(bpy-R)Cl2] (R = H; 2,2’-bipyridine(bpy), R = 2(CH)3; 4,4’-dimethyl-2,2’-biypridine (DM-bpy), R = 4(CH3); 3,3’-5,5’-tertamethyl-2,2’-bipyridiyl (TM-bpy), (1-3) or [Pt(1,10-phen-R’)Cl2] (R’ = H; 1,10-phenanthroline(1,10-phen), R’= 4(CH3); 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline(3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phen) (4-5) with 1,4-bis(5'-2',2"-bipyridine)benzene(bpy-Ph-bpy) affords the following monomeric platinium(II) complexes: [Pt(bpy)(bpy-Ph-bpy)]2+(1), [Pt(DM-bpy)(bpy-Ph-bpy)](2), and [Pt(TM-bpy)(bpy-ph-bpy)]2+(3), [Pt(1,10-phenanthroline)(bpy-ph-bpy)]2+2+(4), [Pt(3,4,7,82+-tetramethyl-1,10-phen)(bpy-ph-bpy)]2+(5), respectively. These complexes were characterized by NMR, IR, UV/VIS and PL spectroscopy of the complexes were elucidated. The internal quantum yields of these platinum complexes are very high (0.13 ~ 0.99) and they emit light in the blue region (360 ~ 417 nm).

Pyroprocessing is a promising way for the recovery of actinide elements from the used nuclear fuel. Electro-refining is a key technology of pyroprocessing and the electro-refining is generally composed of two recovery steps—deposit of uranium onto a solid cathode and the recovery of actinide elements by a liquid cathode. After the electro-refining process, it is necessary to remove the solutes from the molten salt for the salt regeneration. In this study, it was attempted to clean up a molten salt with a solid cathode- perforated ceramic container assembly and a glassy carbon anode. LiCl–KCl eutectic salt was used as a medium of the electrolytic bath. Uranium and cerium were used as solutes, where uranium was used as a surrogate for the actinide elements. The initial contents of uranium and cerium in the salt were varied in the range of 0–5 wt%. Electrolysis experiments were carried out by passing a constant current between the anode and cathode at 500 °C. The solute contents were measured using ICP-AES spectroscopy. The initial cathode potential was about −1.6 V. This value decreased with increasing time in the salt. The solutes in the saline phase were successfully recovered onto the cathode.

Mordenite and X- or Y-type faujasite were used to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by adsorption at 25 °C. A microwave heating desorption system was applied for pollutant adsorbent regeneration. Studies were focused on the relationship between the adsorption and/or desorption behavior of selected VOCs (benzene, toluene, o-, m-, p-xylene, methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol, and methylethylketone: MEK) and the physicochemical properties of the zeolites (i.e. acidity, Si/Al ratio, crystal structure, pore structure, surface area, and pore volume) in this work. It was shown that the adsorption behavior of mordenite zeolites with low surface area depended on its crystal structure, while the faujasite zeolites with large surface area depended on the mesopore volume. Faujasite zeolites showed the greatest adsorption capacity for the selected VOCs. It was also shown that the mesopore volume with ink-bottle pores was advantageous for adsorption and, contrarily, the mesopore volume with cylindrical mesopores was advantageous for VOC desorption and zeolite regeneration. High efficiency desorption of VOCs was obtained using microwave heating. The highest microwave heating desorption efficiency was obtained with molecular sieve 13X due to the cylindrical pore structure.

In this work, stainless steel wire cloth (SSWC) for metallic support was thermally treated to increase the adhesive strength of Al 2 O 3 by improving superficial roughness. After coating Al 2 O 3 on SSWC, Pt particles as a catalytic component were deposited on the Al 2 O 3 /SSWC. These supports and catalysts were characterized by N 2 gas adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in conjunction with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The catalytic performance was tested in the ethylene oxidation. The effect of space velocity (GHSV = 2000–8000 h −1 ) at different temperatures (190 °C and 210 °C) and reproducibility were investigated. The superficial roughness of SSWC was markedly increased by thermal oxidation at 800 °C for 12 h, and good adherence of Al 2 O 3 to the SSWC was observed. The obtained Pt/Al 2 O 3 /SSWC800 catalyst showed excellent catalytic activity in the ethylene oxidation and showed a good reproducibility and stability even after repeated use.

Gold catalysts with loadings ranging from 0.5 to 7.0 wt% on a ZnO/Al2O3 support were prepared by the deposition–precipitation method (Au/ZnO/Al2O3) with ammonium bicarbonate as the precipitation agent and were evaluated for performance in CO oxidation. These catalysts were characterized by inductively coupled plasma-atom emission spectrometry, temperature programmed reduction, and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The catalytic activity for CO oxidation was measured using a flow reactor under atmospheric pressure. Catalytic activity was found to be strongly dependent on the reduction property of oxygen adsorbed on the gold surface, which related to gold particle size. Higher catalytic activity was found when the gold particles had an average diameter of 3–5 nm; in this range, gold catalysts were more active than the Pt/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst in CO oxidation. Au/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst with small amount of ZnO is more active than Au/Al2O3 catalyst due to higher dispersion of gold particles.

The Nanolayered TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared by thermal treatment of metallic titanium chips. Photocatalytic activity for methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and toluene was investigated using a closed circulating system. The photocatalysts were characterized by SEM and XRD. Surface of the Ti chips changed to be rough with increase of treatment temperature, and severe oxidation over 900 degrees C resulted in TiO2 powder. Uniform TiO2 nanolayer was formed as a rutile type on the metallic chip. Photocatalytic decomposition of MEK over the TiO2 photocatalysts occurred efficiently by UV-C irradiation. The maximum activity for MEK was obtained over Ti Chip treated at 700 degrees C. It was known that the prepared photocatalyts could be applied to remove various VOCs.

The butadienediyl-bridged complexes [eta5-Cs Me5]Fe(CO)(PPh3)]2 (micro-CH=CH-CH=CH) have been prepared and characterized by cyclic voltammetry, NMR, and X-ray crystallography. Compound 3 diastereomers showed two reversible one-electron oxidations at -0.053 approximately -0.056 V and -0.02 approximately 0.03 V, respectively. The comproportionation constant, Kc, was calculated from these measurements. Kc values are very high, 1.0 approximately 3.0 x 10(9). These values are consistent with the Robin-Day Mixed-Valence Class III.

Gold catalysts supported on Co3O4 were prepared by co-precipitation (CP), deposition-precipitation (DP), and impregnation (IMP) methods. The Au/Co3O4 catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and temperature programmed reduction (TPR) to understand the different activities for CO oxidation with different preparation methods. Gold particles below 5 nm supported on Co3O4 by DP method were found to be more exposed to the surface than those by CP and IMP methods, and this catalyst was highly active and stable in CO oxidation. Finally, catalytic activity of Au/Co3O4 catalyst for CO oxidation was strongly dependent on the gold particle size.

It is important to increase a throughput of the salt removal process from uranium deposits which is generated on the solid cathode of electro-refiner in pyroprocess. In this study, it was proposed to increase the throughput of the salt removal process by the separation of the liquid salt prior to the distillation of the LiCl–KCl eutectic salt from the uranium deposits. The feasibility of liquid salt separation was examined by salt separation experiments on a stainless steel sieve. It was found that the amount of salt to be distilled could be reduced by the liquid salt separation prior to the salt distillation. The residual salt remained in the deposits after the liquid salt separation was successfully removed further by the vacuum distillation. It was concluded that the combination of a liquid salt separation and a vacuum distillation is an effective route for the achievement of a high throughput performance in the salt separation process.