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Nowadays, it is a very essential issue to detect and recognize power quality (PQ) disturbances as soon as possible, because it can give very important information by which various kinds of power quality mitigation devices can respond for each phenomenon quickly and to capture the interested waveform parts instantaneously, and so on. Also, it can be widely used as a trigger or reference signal for data mining to determine the existence of anomalies in the power system. We have studied some applications of Teager Energy Operator (TEO) and its adjunctive techniques known as Discrete Energy Operation Algorithm (DESA) to classify and detect the waveform distortions such as harmonics, inter-harmonics and frequency variation and the voltage synchronization. This paper is written to propose an effective detection method of voltage and frequency fluctuation based on TEO/DESA combined with Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT), which is designed to overcome the drawback of the former study, a combined TEO and STFT method.

An adjunct to assist cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) might improve the quality of CPR performance.This study was conducted to evaluate whether a simple audio-visual prompt device improves CPR performance by emergency medical technicians (EMTs).From June 2008 to October 2008, 55 EMTs (39 men, mean age 34.9±4.8 years) participated in this study. A simple audio-visual prompt device was developed. The device generates continuous metronomic sounds for chest compression at a rate of 100 beats/min with a distinct 30(th) sound followed by two respiration sounds, each for 1 second. All EMTs were asked to perform a 2-min CPR series on a manikin without the device, and one 2-min CPR series with the device.The average rate of chest compressions was more accurate when the device was used than when the device was not used (101.4±12.7 vs. 109.0±17.4/min, respectively, p=0.012; 95% confidence interval [CI] 97.2-103.8 vs. 104.5-113.5/min, respectively), and hands-off time during CPR was shorter when the device was used than when the device was not used (5.4±0.9 vs. 9.2±3.9 s, respectively, p0.001; 95% CI 5.2-5.7 vs. 8.3-10.3 s, respectively). The mean tidal volume during CPR with the device was lower than without the device, resulting in the prevention of hyperventilation (477.6±60.0 vs. 636.6±153.4 mL, respectively, p0.001; 95% CI 463.5-496.2 vs. 607.3-688.9 mL, respectively).A simple audio-visual prompt device can improve CPR performance by emergency medical technicians.

The scott transformer is used to supply single-phase power to the AC railway system. Since the scott transformer is a passive facility, it cannot regulate load-side voltage according to load change. Meanwhile, the Voltage Source Converter (VSC) is able to convert the voltage and control active and reactive power. In this paper, the feasibility of a AC railway system based on Back-to-Back (BTB) VSC which is composed of a rectifier, a DC-DC converter, a inverter, has been proposed. A three-phase to single-phase BTB VSC is modeled. The proposed AC railway system based on BTB VSC is tested on Matlab/Simulink.

In recent years, a lot of research was done for earth fault protection in ungrounded dc power supply system. As a result, selective-breaking integrated protective relaying system is developed in progress and is currently field-testing are planned. Algorithm on a PC using PSCAD done a lot of testing before performing field tests, but in this study developed algorithms and functions needed to determine whether they were operating normally. Therefore, simulated system is similar to the actual situation was required and made. selective-breaking algorithm verification and validation was performed with simulator.

Recently, in field of bridge construction, modular technology has been studied to reduce construction period. However, main stream of the study is limited to the pier, girder and deck of bridge, which are huge or main members. Studies on incidental facilities like concrete barrier is out of sight. Thus, in this study, connection system of concrete barrier was developed to apply to modular bridges and static experiment was performed in order to verify structural capability of proposed system. Variables of experiment are composed of bolt direction such as vertical and horizontal. The experimentation due to the designed variables was conducted by comparison with a standard concrete barrier, which is a traditional barrier. As a result, vertical joint way of the bolt showed nearly identical structural performance and healthy to standard specimen`s. it can be applied to modular bridges.

There are several protective relays used to protect DC traction power supply system for DC railway. These relays, however, are made by different manufactures and they have different ways for their operations. Therefore, there are difficulties for cooperation between the devices or the devices and an upper system. In order to increase interoperability and stability of the system composed of devices made by different manufactures, IEC 61850 international standards are applied to design logical nodes for modeling protective elements used in protective relays.

Probiotics have many effects such as antihypertensive, prevention of cancer, antioxidation, reduction of dermatitis symptoms, improvement of mineral absorption, reduction of allergic symptoms, and decrease of cholesterol, However, the main role of probiotics is that they balance intestinal microbials proportion. L. acidophilus is one of probiotics and microflora in intestine. It has an acidification activ-ity, aroma production, texture formation and probiotics properties. We studied on the roles of L. acid-ophilus in mice. In this study, body weights of mice were decreased when administration of L. acid-ophilus (1×10 10 CFU) and swimming ability has been raised than a normal group after feeding on L. acidophilus (1×10 10 CFU). After taking L. acidophilus (1×10 10 CFU), total white cells were increased than a normal group; hemoglobin and thrombocytes were increased. The level of cholesterol and tri-glyceride were decreased in blood analysis. We knew L. acidophilus is related to innate immune system. We found out the secretion of cationic peptide was increased in the Lysoplate assays as a re-sult of

The fruit of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliate) is widely used for treating allergies including allergenic dermatitis and inflammation in oriental medicine. Increased blood IgE concentration and histamine level following dermatitis, coughing and asthma are the most important clinical symptoms of allergic diseases. Decreases in the elevated serum IgE concentrations are essential in the treatment of allergy because increased IgE blood levels are initiated in allergenic immune disorders. This study was conducted to investigate the activities of an extract of trifoliate orange fruit using 100% methanol followed by extraction with boiling water on the regulation of blood IgE concentration in the U266B1 human myeloma cell line and a 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB) sensitized mouse model. The results revealed that the extracts of trifoliate orange suppressed IgE production in U266B1 cells in a dose dependent manner with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of the cells. In addition, chemically elevated blood IgE concentrations were dramatically decreased by oral administration, ventral injection, and topical application of the trifoliate orange extracts (TOE). The results indicated that the fraction of TOE should contain an important compound of the fruit of trifoliate orange, and TOE had the ability to reduce IgE concentrations in cultured cells and a chemically sensitized in vivo mouse model.

DC traction power system is operated ungrounded so that minimize the stray current. Because the stray current is still present, a rail potential is increased. The ground faults in the DC railway systems are usually detected by a potential relay(64P). Moreover, if the rail potential goes high in the ordinary operating state because of the traction load, the potential relay would be maloperated. A presented protective relaying algorithm that can identify exactly the faulted region and can distinguish a ground fault from the potential rising of the rail is presented in this paper. This paper presents simulation technique that is very similar to the real operation situation using PSCAD/EMTDC.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of duck-meat consumption on adult disease risk factors, including body compositions, hematological variables, and serum metabolic and lipid profiles in adult human males. To obtain results, 20 adult males aged 20 to 25 were subjected to a diet of 600 g/day of duck-meat for 4 wk, after which body composition, hematological variables, and serum metabolic and lipid profiles were investigated to determine if there was a relationship between duck-meat consumption and adult disease risk factors. The results revealed that high amounts of duck-meat intake did not negatively alter body indices such as body weight, fat mass, body mass index (BMI), % body fat or waste-to-hip ratio (WHR). Furthermore, there were statistically insignificant changes in the number of blood cells, although this number did increase significantly following intake of duck-meat. Moreover, general decreases in serum metabolic parameters were observed, but none of these changes were significant with the exception of the concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The serum concentrations of LDL-cholesterol also showed a statistically significant decrease by 5.86%. Therefore, this study suggests that the ingestion of duck-meat not only significantly increased the RBC count but also decreased BUN and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in adult males.

The ice coats are built on 25 kV overhead contact wire when the temperature is lower than . It generates shockwaves at the mechanical interface of the collecting strips of the pantograph and the contact wire. The de-icing processes should be performed to avoid shockwaves which are generated by a pulsed high-voltage arc discharge. This paper presents temperature analysis of the de-icing effects which could be applied to the overhead contact wire of railways using Joule heat. The results show that 350 A is the proper current for conductor according to environmental condition such as velocity of air stream, ambient temperature and moisture.

In this paper, the novel technique for fault location has been investigated on parallel transmission lines using wavelet. Using this technique, we propose two parts for accurate, rapid fault detection and fault location estimation regardless of mutual coupling between parallel lines. The first part is fault detection and extraction of the fundamental signal using wavelet transform. The second part is fault location estimation using least square error method independent of fault resistance, and the remote in feed, etc. The results of extensive simulation showed that it successfully protected the parallel transmission line compared to the traditional techniques more quickly and reliably.

Purpose To report our technique and results with treating fingertip amputations with flaps and simultaneous nailbed grafts. Methods We reconstructed 20 fingertip amputations with loss of bone and nail with flaps combined with nailbed grafts. We reconstructed the volar side of the fingertip with a flap, and the dorsal side of the fingertip with a nailbed grafted to the raw inner surface of the flap. We employed volar V-Y advancement flaps for transverse or dorsal oblique fingertip injuries and generally used abdominal flaps for volar oblique fingertip injuries. We harvested nailbeds from the amputated finger or from the patient's first toe. Results The length of the amputated fingertips was restored with the flaps, and the lost nailbeds were restored to their natural appearance with the nailbed grafts. We classified the results according to the length of the reconstructed fingertip and the appearance of the nail. Excellent or good results were achieved in 16 cases. Three cases had fair results and 1 had a poor result. We observed favorable results for distal fingertip amputations (Allen type II or III). In particular, most cases that were reconstructed with volar V-Y advancement flaps combined with nailbed grafts demonstrated favorable results. Conclusions This method is useful for the restoration of dorsal oblique or transverse type fingertip amputations and is a good alternative when replantation is not an option. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.

The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the effects that natural products have on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to provide insight into the relationship between these natural products and cytokines modulation. More than 100 studies from the past 10 years were reviewed herein on the therapeutic approaches for treating IBD. The natural products having anti-IBD actions included phytochemicals, antioxidants, microorganisms, dietary fibers, and lipids. The literature revealed that many of these natural products exert anti-IBD activity by altering cytokine production. Specifically, phytochemicals such as polyphenols or flavonoids are the most abundant, naturally occurring anti-IBD substances. The anti-IBD effects of lipids were primarily related to the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The anti-IBD effects of phytochemicals were associated with modulating the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and myeloperoxide. The anti-IBD effects of dietary fiber were mainly mediated via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, TNF-α, nitric oxide, and IL-2, whereas the anti-IBD effects of lactic acid bacteria were reported to influence interferon-γ, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and nuclear factor-κ light-chain enhancer of activated B cells. These results suggest that the anti-IBD effects exhibited by natural products are mainly caused by their ability to modulate cytokine production. However, the exact mechanism of action of natural products for IBD therapy is still unclear. Thus, future research is needed to examine the effect of these natural products on IBD and to determine which factors are most strongly correlated with reducing IBD or controlling the symptoms of IBD.

This paper presents a rapid and accurate algorithm for fault location estimation in a power transmission line. This algorithm uses the least square error (LSE) method for fault impedance estimation. After interrupting a fault, an adaptive data window technique using LSE estimates the fault impedance. Since it changes its data length according to the convergence degree of fault impedance, it can find an optimal data window length and estimate fault impedance rapidly. To prove the performance of the algorithm, the authors have tested relaying signals obtained from EMTP simulation. Test results show that the proposed algorithm estimates fault location by calculating fault impedance within a half cycle of the fault, regardless of fault type and various fault conditions. Compared to traditional techniques, it can protect parallel transmission lines more quickly and reliably.

목 적: 여러 가지의 치료 방법에도 불구하고, 근위 경골 골절의 치료는 그 결과가 좋지 못하며, 합병증의 발생률이 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 문제점들을 개선하고자, 저자들은 근위 경골 골절에서 경피적 금속판 고정술을 시행하고, 그 결과를 고찰하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 24례의 근위 경골 골절 (AO 41A; 5례, AO 41C; 12례, AO 42; 7례)에 대하여 내측, 외측 또는 양측성으로 경피적 금속판 고정술 을 시행하였고, 골 이식을 시행한 예는 없었다. 개방성 골절이 1례에서 있었다. 결 과: 전례에서 골 유합을 얻을 수 있었으며, 평균 유합기간은 16.5주 이었다. 1례에서 1 cm의 골단축이 있었고, 6도의 외반변형 1례, 5도의 내반변형 1례를 포함하여 2례에서 부정정렬이 있었다. 1례에서 표재성 감염이 있었으나, 금속판 제거 후 치유되었으며, 심부 감염이 발생한 사 례는 없었다. 임상적 평가는 modified Rasmussen system을 이용하였으며, 전 례에서 우수 혹은 양호를 보였다. 결 론: 최소 침습적 금속판 술식은 근위 경골 골절의 치료에 있어 합병증의 가능성을 줄이고, 우수한 결과를 얻을 수 있는 좋은 술식으로 생각된다.

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare bone mineral den sity (BMD) and biochemical markers of bone metabolism of an osteoporotic hip fracture group with those of a control group. Materials and Methods: The fracture group included 76 patients with hip fractures who were injured by low energy trauma from November, 1999 to August, 2003. The control group consisted of 83 patients recruited over the same period. There were 22 men and 54 women in the fracture group, with an average age of 67.2 years for men and 71.1 years for women. In the control group, there were 22 men and 61 women, of average age 67.9 years for men and 70.1 years for women. There were no siginificant differences in age, height, weight, or body mass index. We analyzed BMD by a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Bone specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP) and osteocalcin were used as markers of bone formation and urine-deoxypyridinoline (DPD) as a maker of bone resorption. Results: B-ALP showed a significant decrease in the fracture group (p