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Background: Assessing the acceptance of vaccinations among vulnerable populations is essential to ensure proper coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) control. This study used the Health Belief Model to examine the intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 among vulnerable populations in Thailand., Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Thailand between October and November 2021. Using multistage random sampling, 945 individuals from vulnerable populations (i.e., older adults, pregnant women, market or street vendors, and individuals with chronic diseases) were selected and invited to complete a self-reported questionnaire. The questionnaire assessed participants' socioeconomic characteristics, COVID-19 preventive measures, knowledge, preventative health beliefs, and vaccine intention. A generalized linear mixed model was used to identify factors associated with the intention to receive the vaccine., Results: The prevalence of intent to accept the COVID-19 vaccine was 75.03% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 72.16-77.68). The Health Belief Model factors associated with vaccine acceptance were cue to action (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.13; 95% CI: 2.07-4.71), perceived benefits (AOR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.38-3.01), and perceived severity (AOR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.18-2.65). Significant other covariates were wearing a face mask in the previous month (AOR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.59-4.31), being 1-2 m away from other people (AOR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.11-2.24), trust in government (AOR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.03-2.02). Additionally, women were more likely to accept the COVID-19 vaccine compared to men (AOR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.02-2.01)., Conclusions: Approximately one quarter of vulnerable individuals do not intend to be vaccinated. Health Belief Models can explain vaccine acceptance, and aid the Ministry of Public Health in planning future efforts to increase vaccine uptake. Healthcare professionals' advice, village health volunteers' information, and partnership collaborations are critical. Facilitating mobile community units, launching educational campaigns, maintaining a distance of 1-2 m from others, and wearing masks may increase COVID-19 vaccine acceptability. This research can help prepare for future pandemics., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Success in eradicating COVID-19 will rely on the rate of vaccination adoption worldwide. Vaccine acceptance among vulnerable groups is critical for preventing the spread of COVID-19 and decreasing unnecessary deaths. The purpose of this study was to report on the willingness to obtain COVID-19 immunization and the factors related to its acceptance among Myanmar migrant workers in southern Thailand. This cross-sectional study consisted of 301 samples collected between October and November 2021 and analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Thirty-nine percent of workers intended to receive the COVID-19 vaccine within a year. The following factors were associated with obtaining the COVID-19 vaccine: a high level of perception of COVID-19 (AOR = 5.43), income less than or equal to 10,000 baht/month (AOR = 6.98), financial status at a sufficient level (AOR = 7.79), wearing a face mask in the previous month almost all the time (AOR =4.26), maintaining 1-2 m of distance from anyone in the last month (AOR =2.51), and measuring temperature in the previous month (AOR = 5.24). High reluctance to accept the COVID-19 vaccine among Myanmar migrant workers can influence efforts to eliminate COVID-19. Collaboration with all stakeholders is critical to helping Myanmar workers understand COVID-19, social measures, and preventive beliefs to increase vaccine uptake.