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the best ways in order to reduce fuel consumption for vehicles. It consists of associating an electric motor next to the classical thermal machine. In this embedded system, the efficiency and the torque per unit mass are very important. So it seems to be a good idea to use a permanent magnet synchronous machine, which is recognized for satisfying these two objectives. Since the allocated volume is rather flat, axial flux topologies are interesting. This paper’s goal is to propose an optimal first design method for such structures, given the allocated volume and the machine requirements. La traction hybride semble actuellement un des moyens les plus prometteurs pour réduire la consommation de carburant des véhicules. Ce procédé consiste à associer un moteur électrique au moteur thermique traditionnel. Pour une telle application embarquée, le rendement, ainsi que le couple massique, sont des critères de conception de première importance. Dans ce contexte, le recours à une machine synchrone à aimants permanents, reconnue pour satisfaire ces deux critères, semble être approprié. Vu que le volume alloué à la machine électrique est de forme discoïde, les topologies à flux axial semblent les plus intéressantes. L’objectif de cet article est de proposer une méthodologie de pré-dimensionnement de tels actionneurs, en ayant fixé au préalable le volume maximal permis ainsi que le cahier des charges de la machine.

Early diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) is necessary to prevent serious complications. The CT is diagnosed by the identification of the parasite in amniotic fluid during pregnancy or at birth by detection of antibodies synthesized by the fetus. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and biological particularities of CT in a cohort of 11 cases observed in Tunisia and to evaluate the performance of the prenatal and neonatal diagnostic techniques that were used. In all patients, the presumed date of maternal contamination was determined based on the mother's serological data. Neonatal serological screening included assays for immunoglobulins (Ig) G and IgM by enzyme-linked-immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA), IgM by immuno-sorbent-agglutination-assay (ISAGA), and comparison of the mother-baby immunological profile by western blot IgG and IgM. Seven out of the 11 cases had been diagnosed prenatally; only 3 (43%) had a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. Ten newborns out of 11 had serological criteria of fetal infection; western blot results were positive in all of them, ISAGA was positive in 2 and ELISA in none. The newborn who had a negative serology had been treated in utero. The date of positivity of the western blot test varied: 6 cases at birth, 2 at 12 days of life and 2 at 1 month of life. The 2 patients who had positive ISAGA results had been contaminated during the 3rd trimester of gestation.

Background: Schistosomia haematobium infection has been eradicated from Tunisia since 1980. Only some imported cases are noted each year., Aim: The authors report nine cases of Schistosomia haematobium infection diagnosed., Methods: The diagnosis was carried out within the framework of a survey carried out by the service of Pediatry of the hospital Mongi Slim of Tunis concerning 20 students of African extraction., Results: Hematuria was found in all cases. Schistosomia haematobium infection is diagnosed in all patients by urinary parasitologic examination. Radiological evaluation had revealed mild uroradiologic abnormalities in five patients. All patients were treated by praziquantel. Remission was confirmed by urinary sterilization. Radiologic abnormilities persisted in 3 patients., Conclusion: Radiological evaluation and regular follow-up after treatment of students with Schistosomia haematobium infection is required.