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Aim: To retrospectively evaluate the 1-year outcome of implant therapy involving various types of localised lateral alveolar ridge and/or sinus floor augmentation procedures performed before implant placement. Materials and methods: Forty-seven patients were consecutively treated with oral implants on average 6.5 months after bone grafting. A total of 82 regions were augmented and 151 implants were inserted. All regions were augmented with autogenous bone harvested intraorally. Block grafts (13 regions, 16%), particulate grafts (25 regions, 30%), and a combination of block and particulate grafts (44 regions, 54%) were used. The particulate grafts were sometimes mixed with less than 25% anorganic porous bovine-derived bone mineral (28 regions, 34%). Finally, the grafted areas were in most cases covered by either an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) membrane (58 regions, 71%) or a resorbable collagen membrane (11 regions, 13%). The selection of the performed procedure was based upon the experience of the surgeon and thorough evaluation of each case. All surgical procedures were performed by two oral and maxillofacial surgeons with extensive clinical experience with regenerative procedures. The outcome measures were complications related to the augmentation procedure, prosthesis survival, implant survival and peri-implant marginal bone loss. Results: No dropouts occurred. Complications occurred in eight patients (17%) after bone harvesting: temporary paraesthesia (two patients, 4%), membrane exposure (five patients, 11%) and acute sinusitis (one patient, 2%). Membrane exposure was exclusively observed when an e-PTFE membrane was used. However, the subsequent implant placement was not compromised. Regarding the patient with acute sinusitis, the graft was removed and implant/prosthesis placement was not possible. No further prosthesis failures occurred during the 1-year follow-up period. Thus, the prosthesis survival was 99%. The implant survival involving sinus lift, lateral augmentation, and combined sinus lift and lateral augmentation was 91%, 97%, and 100%, respectively. A total of four patients (9%) experienced implant failure. The mean peri-implant marginal bone loss at patient level involving sinus lift, lateral augmentation, and combined sinus lift and lateral augmentation was 0.60 mm (range:0.31–1.25), 0.31 mm (range: 0.00–0.75) and 0.41 mm (range: 0.00–1.25), respectively. No tech nical complications were observed. Moreover, no episodes of peri-implant mucositis or peri-implantitis were registered. Conclusions: Localised lateral alveolar ridge and/or sinus floor augmentation performed before implant placement seems to be associated with few complications after 1 year. However, it should be emphasised that all surgical procedures were selected and performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons with extensive clinical experience in the field of regenerative procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of particle size of autogenous bone grafts on the early stages of bone regeneration. Materials and Methods: Bicortical skull bone defects were prepared in 15 rabbits (4 in each rabbit). Two defects were filled at random with either small (0.5 to 2 mm³) or large (10 mm³) autogenous bone particles. In addition, 1 defect was left unfilled (control defect). All defects were covered bicortically by expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membranes. The animals were divided randomly into 3 groups and sacrificed after 1, 2, and 4 weeks, respectively. Histologic and stereologic evaluations were performed after the sections were blinded. Results: No significant differences in total vessel surface area could be identified among the 3 groups. The total volume of newly formed bone in defects with small particles was larger and more mature compared to defects with large particles after 2 and 4 weeks. Furthermore, the resorption of small particles was more pronounced after 4 weeks, documenting a higher level of bone substitution compared to large particles. Discussion: The early stages of bone regeneration were influenced by the particle site of autogenous bone grafts. Conclusion: The present study indicated that particles of 0.5 to 2 mm³ in size should be preferred to particles of 10 mm³ in size for bone grafting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to qualitatively and quantitatively compare the tissue reactions around four different bone substitutes used in orthopedic and craniofacial surgery. Cylinders of two bovine bone substitutes (Endobon and Bio-Oss) and two coral-derived bone substitutes (Pro Osteon 500 and Interpore 500 HA/CC) were implanted into 5-mm bur holes in rabbit tibiae. There was no difference in the amount of newly formed bone around the four biomaterials. Interpore 500 HA/CC resorbed completely, whereas the other three biomaterials did not undergo any detectable biodegradation. Bio-Oss was osseointegrated to a higher degree than the other biomaterials. Material characteristics obtained by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectrometry analysis and energy-dispersive spectrometry did not explain the differences in biologic behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After periods of observation from 3 to 36 months, biopsies were obtained from 22 patients in whom porous block and particulate hydroxylapatite ceramic (Interpore 200♠)) had been used for augmentation procedures and in two patients in whom nonporous particulate hydroxylapatite (Calcitite⇔) had been used. Histologic examination of serial sections of decalcified specimens revealed vital bone formation in relation to the blocks, whereas the particulate was encapsulated in fibrous tissue. The differences in biological behavior are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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