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Biomaterials are essential in medicine because these biological macromolecules have appropriately replaced classical tissue grafting techniques for their valuable features. Bone tissue engineering has persistently developed since "tissue engineering" was suggested. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is the first FDA‐approved water‐soluble derivative of cellulose that could be targeted for desired bone tissue graft. Numerous studies on CMC as a component created for bone tissue have recently been published. Because of its carboxylate groups, CMC is hydrophilic. CMC can crosslink with varied materials, such as synthetic and natural polymers, enabling innovative bone structure biomaterials. These carboxylate groups are responsible for in situ gelations and bio‐adhesion characteristics. In this review, the current progress and inherent characteristics of CMC‐based bone scaffold materials are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The absorption behavior of acid dye on wool fibre has been studied using isotherm, absorption kinetic and law of mass conservation equations. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Freundlich-Langmuir isotherm equations are used to represent the adsorption isotherm of acid dyes on wool. The findings show that the best fit to the adsorption isotherms for acid dyes by wool fibres is obtained by Freundlich-Langmuir model. The pseudo-first and second-order models of absorption kinetics are used to investigate the absorption behavior of acid dye on wool fibre. The obtained result shows good agreement between the practical data and the pseudo- second-order model of absorption kinetic. Also, the law of conservation of mass has been used for modeling the acid dye distribution during dyeing process and the rate of dye uptake by wool fibre. The performance of suggested mathematical model is acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Body temperature control is one of the most interesting fields in the smart sportswear. Increasing the available hydrophilic sites on the fabric surface is one of the proposed methods for better thermal regulation. In this article, the cellulose fabric's moisture absorbance capacity was increased by introducing carboxylate groups on the cellulosic fabric using microwave radiation. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the process conditions. Stoichiometric ratio, microwave power, and duration were taken as independent variables; moisture regain and softness were selected as dependent variables. Results show that modification with 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of the reactant to anhydroglucose unit using 1049 W power for 6 min is the optimum condition for obtaining cellulose fabric with highest hydrophilicity and softness. Water vapor permeability as well as static and dynamic contact angle show that the modified fabric is more hydrophilic and transfers vapor better than unmodified cellulose fabric. Also, tensile test shows that this treatment does not affect the mechanical properties of fabrics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope were used for fabric characterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coconut oil (CO) is a naturally derived bio-oil which exhibits specific characteristics such as biocompatibility and antibacterial activity. In this work, the biological properties of poly(caprolactone)/gelatin (PCL/Gel) nanofibers are improved using CO encapsulation. This bio-oil was added to the PCL/Gel polymer solution with different concentrations (5–40%). Nanofibers were crosslinked using glutaraldehyde vapor. Different types of characterization techniques such as SEM, FTIR, DSC, tensile measurements, water contact angle, and water vapor permeability were used to study the chemical, physical, thermal, and morphological properties of resultant nanofibers. Results showed an average diameter of 300–370 nm for as-spun nanofibers, which increased to 360–470 nm after the crosslinking reaction. The presence of CO was confirmed using FTIR and DSC experiments. Moreover, results indicated that the presence of CO increases the hydrophilicity and water vapor permeability of nanofibers, which are desirable for their final application. Biological tests, such as antibacterial activity, cell viability, and cell morphology tests were performed to evaluate the possible application of the produced nanofibers for wound healing applications. Results indicated that the crosslinked PCL/Gel nanofibers containing 20% CO exhibited the highest cell compatibility and antibacterial activity against gram-positive (S. aureus) and gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, significant progress in tissue engineering, repairing, and replacing organs has been achieved. The design and production of scaffolds for tissue engineering are one of the main areas which have attracted the researcher's interest. In this regard, electrospinning is one of the most popular methods of nanoscale scaffold similar to extracellular matrix production. This paper reports the fabrication of scaffolds consisting of radially aligned PCL nanofibers by utilizing a collector composed of a central point electrode and a peripheral ring electrode. The chemical and physical properties were compared using SEM, FTIR, XRD, and DSC experiments, as well as biological performance using the MTT method and cell morphology with nanofibers with random and unidirectionally morphology. Results of this study showed greater physical and biological properties for radially aligned nanofibers which make them an excellent candidate for wound healing applications due to the guided cell growth on this type of nanofiber., (© TÜBİTAK.)