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Western influences have had a significant impact on Gulf cities in the early periods. With rapid modernization, cultures have been affected and planning ideologies have expanded to a global scale. As a result, it has affected the development in the global cities, the significant historic locations and the aspects of city identity. This paper analyzes the impact of globalization on historic cities in the Gulf. This is approached by exploring a number of case studies in the Gulf. The research implies the need for a thorough investigative method to these conflictual circumstances and that their misleading antinomy is still ambiguous than the literature proposes. More than the result of two opposite or even contradictory patterns, conservation of the historic cities and modern development is, in fact, the illustration of the call for similar "global urban product. Both approaches focus on generating an attractive image that lures the transnational elites and encourages the investment for better outcomes. It also states that the development and expansion of global interdependence, coupled with the right policies, management approaches and actions, affect the macro- and micro-urban changes by effecting essential components that ensure the continuity of historic sites while not stifling their urban growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Western influences have had a significant impact on Gulf cities in the early periods. With rapid modernization, cultures have been affected and planning ideologies have expanded to a global scale. As a result, it has affected the development in the global cities, the significant historic locations and the aspects of city identity. This paper analyzes the impact of globalization on historic cities in the Gulf. This is approached by exploring a number of case studies in the Gulf. The research implies the need for a thorough investigative method to these conflictual circumstances and that their misleading antinomy is still ambiguous than the literature proposes. More than the result of two opposite or even contradictory patterns, conservation of the historic cities and modern development is, in fact, the illustration of the call for similar “global urban product. Both approaches focus on generating an attractive image that lures the transnational elites and encourages the investment for better outcomes. It also states that the development and expansion of global interdependence, coupled with the right policies, management approaches and actions, affect the macro- and micro-urban changes by effecting essential components that ensure the continuity of historic sites while not stifling their urban growth.

This article analysed the implications of gentrification processes in the historical centres of Querétaro and Campeche, Mexico, designated UNESCO World Heritage sites, and their relationship with food practices. From these case studies, we observed tourist offerings' impact on residents' daily lives, as they disrupt a set of procedures and knowledge linked to local food consumption and preparation modes. In the analysed streets, we observed how the food offerings, primarily directed at visitors, present an experience of cosmopolitanism and status focused on the global palate; consequently, the prices of ingredients and food increase, limiting accessibility for residents. The research design employed in this study to analyse gentrification and its impact on food practices was based on ethnography, a strategy derived from anthropology, where participant observation and in situ relationships with interlocutors have been fundamental. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Perspectives on Culture / Perspektywy Kultury is the property of Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In many historic and post-industrial cities, tourism is often positioned as an important component for urban regeneration. Yet, the promise of sustainability and social transformation is often empty as policymakers focus on sustaining tourism over supporting greater social, economic, and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the pandemic has drawn attention to the unsustainable nature of the neoliberal model of tourism engagement. Due to the paucity of research exploring spatial injustice in urban tourism, this study examines the impact policymaking and governance structures have on urban destinations and the potential inequalities this creates. Drawing on Edward Soja’s approach to Lefebvre’s The Right to the City (1968), this research explores how lessons learned during the pandemic in the tourist-historic city of York, UK, could transform tourism in historic urban spaces. Taking an interpretive case study approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with leading stakeholders to understand the spatial dimensions of the lived experiences of policymaking. The hopeful signs emerging from York’s response to the pandemic demonstrate how communities can reclaim voice to build sustainable and purposeful models of engagement. This paper contributes to our understanding by demonstrating the transformative potential that future policymaking could have for reducing the negative impacts of tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Authenticity and integrity are accepted qualifiers for cultural sites for inscription on UNESCO's World Heritage List. Mentioned in various principles and frameworks, they have significant implications for heritage management guidelines and strategies. In Living historic cities, which are dynamic and subject to change applying these qualifiers is very complex. The paper critically discusses the challenges of defining authenticity and integrity within policies and their application on the ground. It argues that authenticity and integrity must embrace change as a constant factor and that a third qualifier – sustainability – must be incorporated into the management of historic cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The paper aims to investigate the approach and tools adopted by an Italian city, included amongst the UNESCO World Heritage sites (WHS), to involve different stakeholders in the protection and valorisation of its historical centre to achieve the goals of sustainable development. The paper focusses on the role of local authorities as the key actors that should engage different city users to jointly achieve heritage conservation and socio-economic development. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected, thanks to the researchers' direct participation in a project launched by the municipality of Urbino, which involved several local stakeholders and lasted about a year. Participant observation allowed the authors to collect informal interviews, join collective discussions and reflect on the direct observation of the activities undertaken. Findings: The case study analysed suggests how participatory governance may be effective in fostering responsible principles in "asset usage" by any type of city users and how citizens actively co-design and co-implement initiatives of heritage revitalisation when engaged in cultural heritage (CH) policies. Originality/value: The paper addresses a long-standing problem that has never been solved: how to enhance the consciousness of the CH amongst stakeholders and reconcile their different and conflicting needs in the historical urban environment in the process of revitalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The historic centers of cities have shifted during the last period into economic and commercial centers; this change has made them lose their distinct urban identity since these commercial centers need a flow of traffic, and these fabrics cannot absorb such an intensity of traffic. The objective of the research is to assess the possibility of possessing the historic urban fabric of the city of Mosul with the capabilities and urban features to accommodate sustainable transportation systems within, reduce dependence on individual vehicles, and give the fabric capabilities for preservation and development. The study uses an analytical comparison of international sustainable transportation evaluation systems to identify the most vital indicators: accessibility, permeability, and internal connectivity. The spatial structure of Mosul's historic city center is analyzed using space syntax theory, UCL Depthmap 10, AutoCAD 2016, and ArcMap 10.8 to evaluate how it performs on these indicators. The results showed a high internal connectivity values for the fabric reaching 344 intersections/km², with high integration values for the main circulation axes reaching (1.89) and their local control values reaching (2), with high coverage rates for service as crossing axes for the fabric reaching (83%). In conclusion, the study concluded that the historical urban fabric of the city of Mosul possesses the necessary urban structure and features that qualify it for sustainable transportation systems to work effectively within it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine how local socioeconomic, institutional and political factors shape climate transformation pathways in 23 mid-sized German cities. We group our cities into three types: industrial cities (which may have experienced recent structural change), historic cities (in which a significant proportion of the buildings or landscape is under monument protection) and university cities (in which academic or research institutions play a major role in the local community). Drawing on document analysis and expert interviews, we find that budgetary constraints, weaker civil societies and lower levels of political support result in unfavourable structural conditions for successful transformations in industrial cities. Historic cities have often only limited options to change their built environments, but many have identified climate change as a major threat to their built heritage and are therefore keen to take action in climate adaptation. Lastly, university cities are further along the transformation pathways than the other city types, largely due to having more favourable economic conditions as well as greater support from civil society, politics and the local research community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the imbalance between their historic physical buildings and the requirements of its residents, heritage sites are subject to several urban pressures. However, the major potential for urban growth in such locations is in their historic assets.The purpose of this research is to provide an approach for conserving and enhancing urban history in a manner that is beneficial to the environment, society, culture, and economics. Heritage conservation is attempting to distinguish itself. This is due to the fact that conservation and sustainability objectives do not always coincide. The findings are based on research conducted in Mosul and a study of sustainable development's concepts and pillars. With the use of UNDP reports, the present condition in Mosul was determined. The results demonstrate the need of devising a strategy to safeguard historic cities while allowing residents to continue to reside there. This plan should include objectives, strategies, and instruments to ensure that the “historic living city” can adapt and evolve in accordance with the sustainable development principles and the sustainability cycles.The paper uses an inductive methodology to apply sustainable development to historic city centers worldwide.

Visiting historic cities has gained in popularity in recent years due to an increasing proclivity for urban travel (so-called city breaks) and the interest in exploring the charms of historic districts. The rise in the number of tourists in historic city spaces has resulted in both positive developments for cities and their inhabitants (economic growth, accelerated regeneration processes) and negative consequences (deterioration of quality of life, overtourism). The crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to severe travel restrictions, has led to a discussion about the future of historic districts and the changes that should be made to reduce the negative effects of tourism on local communities. The city of Florence and its UNESCO World Heritage area were analysed using existing data, academic literature and information from in-depth interviews conducted by the author in 2022. In Florence during the pandemic, there was an intensive debate about the possible directions for addressing the challenges of the post-pandemic reality. This discussion resulted, among other, in a joint effort of the city authorities and its inhabitants to develop a new management plan for the UNESCO area. The challenges faced by the historic district, accentuated by the pandemic, have become a driving force to initiate a process of change. Some proposed solutions are already present in local urban documents and are gradually being implemented. However, the effectiveness of the instruments introduced by local authorities to manage the district of the city centre remains a topic of discussion, as does the actual impact on the functioning of the historic city centre under post-pandemic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, for the first time in human history, more than half of the world's population lives in cities. Coincidentally, within the field of cultural heritage conservation, increasing international interest and attention over the past two decades has been focused on urban areas. This is timely because the pressure for economic development and for the prioritizing of engagement with the global economy have accompanied rapid urbanization. In many societies, economic development has privileged modernization efforts leading to the loss of traditional communities. Accompanying this has been a concentration in the field of urban conservation on famous buildings and monuments rather than seeing cities as communities of people with values and belief systems that are reflected in a city's overall setting: its cultural landscape. The Historic Urban Landscape approach is intended to address this distinction by critically discussing city communities, and how they are reservoirs of human memory and identity. This raises the question of the role of nostalgia in the field of urban conservation studies: is nostalgia an important phenomenon in understanding how the past is both brought to bear on the present and on the development of social and political agendas for the future? This article explores alternative ways of seeing cities particularly through the Historic Urban Landscape paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the condition of universal mobility, in the centers of historic Indian cities, has been critically analyzed. Implementing universal design guidelines (especially universal mobility standards) in the centers of historic Indian cities is comparatively challenging, due to the high-density, ever-increasing population, and organic urban development. The rising number of elderly and specially abled people also add a demographic challenge to universal mobility. The focus of this research is to understand the extent to which universal mobility guidelines can be implemented in the centers of historic Indian cities. The dataset for this research is derived from a field survey of 69 footpath stretches from the centers of 5 historic cities in India, namely Jaipur, Jodhpur, Nagpur, Hyderabad, and Chennai. Footpath stretches in the centers of these historic cities were evaluated based on several factors pertaining to universally designed infrastructure and universal mobility features. Such comprehensive research on universal mobility in footpaths of historic Indian cities has not been previously conducted. The findings of this research indicate the poor condition of universal mobility in the studied areas. Furthermore, the results can be useful for assessing the extent of implementation of universal mobility in the centers of other historic Indian cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the imbalance between their historic physical buildings and the requirements of its residents, heritage sites are subject to several urban pressures. However, the major potential for urban growth in such locations is in their historic assets. The purpose of this research is to provide an approach for conserving and enhancing urban history in a manner that is beneficial to the environment, society, culture, and economics. Heritage conservation is attempting to distinguish itself. This is due to the fact that conservation and sustainability objectives do not always coincide. The findings are based on research conducted in Mosul and a study of sustainable development's concepts and pillars. With the use of UNDP reports, the present condition in Mosul was determined. The results demonstrate the need of devising a strategy to safeguard historic cities while allowing residents to continue to reside there. This plan should include objectives, strategies, and instruments to ensure that the "historic living city" can adapt and evolve in accordance with the sustainable development principles and the sustainability cycles. The paper uses an inductive methodology to apply sustainable development to historic city centers worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concepts of resistance to unforeseen disasters and rapid post-disaster recovery of historic cities are necessary due to the earthquakes that have profoundly influenced their evolution. The improvement of this property strongly depends on the effectiveness of the preventive tools. In this work, an operational framework for the resilience assessment of a historical city characterized by high cultural and historical elements is developed, which corresponds to the main contribution of this research. The research includes multicriteria analysis based on the in-depth knowledge of the city's historical development, the study of the effects of past earthquakes, structural vulnerability analysis of pombalino buildings, architectural types and socio-economic aspects. The aim is to obtain the necessary elements to guide an aware plan for improving resilience and the reduction of vulnerability through a GIS tool aimed at preventing and defining urban intervention priorities. The framework proposed is applied to Lisbon downtown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present investigation, we study the influence of conventual foundations on the origin of the urban layout of two of the first cities in the Spanish colonization of America: Santo Domingo (1502) and Panama Viejo (1519), examples of early colonial urbanism. Starting with cartography and historical bibliography, as well as recent studies on their urban evolution and using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for graphic representation, a comparative study is carried out between both cities divided into stages of urban expansion until their consolidation (or disappearance in the case of Panama in 1671). We have been able to verify how, in Santo Domingo, the religious orders settled on the outskirts of the city, marking the axes of expansion as an instrument of control and consolidation of an urban layout closer to the idea of a grid, which will materialize more precisely in later cities. Meanwhile, in Panama Viejo, the city was formed longitudinally on the streets occupied by the convents, which served as the main axes that defined the urban design of the city. This article aims to demonstrate the importance of the role of religious power in the formation of the cities presented here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to ranking conducted by TripAdvisor in 2019, Poznan is the fifth most popular city for tourists coming to Poland. Tourists mainly focus on the very center of Poznan – the Old Town, which is one of the most historic districts of the city. The aim of this research was to show whether Poznan is a place potentially threatened by overtourism, which affects the quality of life of its residents and negatively influences their experience of living in the city. The paper also attempts to prove that as a result of gentrification and the city's revitalization of social spaces and socio-spatial processes, the indigenous cultural and social fabric of the city is being destroyed. The research used a comparative method, source analysis and uncategorized in-depth interviews with snowball sampling. The study showed that overtourism is not yet present in Poznan, but if the direction of tourism development in the city does not change in the coming years, overtourism could be a threat. The case of Poznan shows that its residents perceive the phenomenon of losing the benefits of everyday life in the city center and increasingly feel alien in a space with which they have been associated for years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public spaces are essential for any city as they define place character; they are the meeting point for social and cultural actions. Place attachment is moulded by the tie between individuals and places. The research examines the historic streets, which are remainders of their period when the pedestrian flow was predominant and had exceptional qualities that supported social action. The changed settings nowadays might have changed people’s views and the investigation was made to question and check individual’s common memory and their sensitive ties to the historic streets. The four streets from the Walled City of Lahore were selected upon their significance of history and usage. The questionnaires were prepared and the fieldwork analysis was conducted face to face and selected streets were investigated in the terms of, place attachment, identity, and memory. The outcome proved that there is a promising feeling of attachment towards the selected streets and lacking qualities of a street can be improved if look closely at the worthy streets. The study addressed an important issue of marginalization and the results from the Shah-Almi street shows that their act will create the walled city streets to lose their identity as it is formed by its users.

Urban spaces are the end-product of various power deliberations and different urban processes, mainly the top-down and bottom-up. This study investigates the role of the two urban processes in placemaking in historic Arabic-Islamic cities. The investigation demonstrates each urban process's role in creating the major mosque's spatial context in Mecca, Medina, Cairo, Fes, Damascus, and Tripoli of Libya. Aiming to clear some preconceived ideas -strongly affected by the Renaissance's spectacular values-about Arabic-Islamic urbanism, this article studied major Arab-Islamic cities in qualitative and quantitative approaches. The oldest available cartographic materials are investigated locally concerning political values and changes. Street patterns, space typology, and major mosque spatial context in historic Arabic-Islamic cities are studied, relating each type of urban process to placemaking's symbolic value. Before the end of the 17th century, historic Arabic-Islamic cities adopted a bottom-up process by taking advantage of the community's right to assert the order of their built environment. The top-down process was limited mainly to the architectural level of authoritarian mosques and their context. The ontological freedom and the right to control the place shifted due to exogenous political influences from the public to the authorities. By adopting the Renaissance's urban values, the top-down urban process expanded its domination on architectural and urban levels, shifting the mosque's function from socioeconomic to an artistic value. This adaptation was achieved by promoting the mosque as an artifact and creating a spectacular spatial context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural heritage is not simply the stock of a given culture's material assets, but also the sum of our memory and identity – and this is part of the increasing significance of cultural heritage. Cultural heritage today is not only a resource in need of protection, but also a potential that must be exploited for future development. The three issues of significance for the future condition of our historic resources should be emphasized. The first is the rapidly accelerating process of transformation of the entire built heritage stock. The second is the increasing need for heritage. The third issue is the clear shift in emphasis from the value of the heritage to the needs of society. This breeds an increasing need for us to redefine ourselves and open up to others, so promoting the interaction between social capital and heritage is becoming vital for the rebuilding of social cohesion. Social capital should be nurtured as an opportunity both for the protection of cultural heritage and for its exploitation as a pro-development resource. It is also a big challenge for the Cultural Mega-events that may, and should, be well melded into a policy of building a broad base of heritage awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earth observation (EO) technologies and products are traditionally providing an extremely important contribution to a more efficient management of built areas and people during emergencies. Their employment could be extremely useful in monitoring and risk assessment of protected monument and sites situated in potentially vulnerable areas such as costal zones. Change detection has a crucial role in such activities, especially in case of hazardous events—on one side, this method can provide inputs in the phases of risk assessment and rapid mapping for immediate response; on the other side, over prolonged periods of time after the event, change detection can be used for purposes of option analysis of technical solutions and for overall recovery planning of the site. Workflow proposed is based on the use of Copernicus Sentinel-2 data to provide the comparison of changes occurring during extreme flooding events of river Centa, Liguria. Firstly, an investigation of NDVI and NDWI of the extreme flooding event occurring in November 2019 was conducted. The event was then put in correlation with another previously studied flooding hazard occurring in 2016 in the same area that has caused severe damages to the archaeological remains of the medieval church of San Clemente, situated within the Centa riverbed. In conclusion, the results from both years have been compared with ground truth data of topographic database in order to observe the extension of the flooded area and to provide contribution to the monitoring activities. The aim of the research was to offer some novel insight for a more informed decision-making during the risk assessment, risk management and resilience phases regarding the vulnerable built heritage sites found in coastal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sãojoão dei Rei and Tiradentes, two of the main historic cities in the country, have among them the city of Santa Cruz de Minas, one of the largest population densities and the smallest territorial area in Brazil. Its socioeconomic and cultural characteristics are accentuated. Real estate prices are one of them. In order to analyze the behavior of prices, the Hedonic House Price Models (HPM) with spatial econometry techniques is applied in this study. The results show that the areas of real estate are the main determinant due to space limitations. On the other hand, even if the distance from the boundary of the urban area to the historic center is short, this does not prevent the values in the historic center from being much higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban and regional development have not stopped engaging, troubling, and dividing the international scientific community and national and regional policy-making bodies. The wide range of consequences brought on by the current multifaceted downturn at all geographical scales requires the continuous investigation of practices and the designation of innovative mechanisms or tools to formulate new developmental axes for action, able to respond to contemporary needs and challenges. This holds true particularly in an age, such as the one we are currently experiencing, of network organization of infrastructures and functions dominated by the knowledge economy. Within this framework, we estimate that the response to an attempt to restructure production in Greece and increase support for its cities and regions could be sought by setting up collaboration networks with cultural heritageand support creative entrepreneurship as key developmental “elements”, focusing on strategies for recovery, modernization, and a return to historic cities and regional settlements. Specifically, using inputs from a collaboration project among historic cities in the Mediterranean, and an ongoing research in fragmented insular regions with many historic cities and settlements in the Aegean, we maintain that the goal of restoring local communities could be sought though initiatives or actions to preserve and diffuselocal traditions and know-how in the framework of an overall urban developmental policy capable of ensuring ongoing collaboration and networking at all geographical levels and categories of space. In this rationale, this article attempts to contribute to the debate by stating proposals in the framework of principles and guidelines that should govern the formulation of this urban policy, which is still missing in Greece.

The concepts of resistance to unforeseen disasters and rapid post-disaster recovery of historic cities are necessary due to the earthquakes that have profoundly influenced their evolution. The improvement of this property strongly depends on the effectiveness of the preventive tools. In this work, an operational framework for the resilience assessment of a historical city characterized by high cultural and historical elements is developed, which corresponds to the main contribution of this research. The research includes multicriteria analysis based on the in-depth knowledge of the city’s historical development, the study of the effects of past earthquakes, structural vulnerability analysis of pombalino buildings, architectural types and socio-economic aspects. The aim is to obtain the necessary elements to guide an aware plan for improving resilience and the reduction of vulnerability through a GIS tool aimed at preventing and defining urban intervention priorities. The framework proposed is applied to Lisbon downtown.

In the present investigation, we study the influence of conventual foundations on the origin of the urban layout of two of the first cities in the Spanish colonization of America: Santo Domingo (1502) and Panama Viejo (1519), examples of early colonial urbanism. Starting with cartography and historical bibliography, as well as recent studies on their urban evolution and using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for graphic representation, a comparative study is carried out between both cities divided into stages of urban expansion until their consolidation (or disappearance in the case of Panama in 1671). We have been able to verify how, in Santo Domingo, the religious orders settled on the outskirts of the city, marking the axes of expansion as an instrument of control and consolidation of an urban layout closer to the idea of a grid, which will materialize more precisely in later cities. Meanwhile, in Panama Viejo, the city was formed longitudinally on the streets occupied by the convents, which served as the main axes that defined the urban design of the city. This article aims to demonstrate the importance of the role of religious power in the formation of the cities presented here.

The middle and lower Ganges Valley constitute an important part of the Asian economic and cultural corridor. Multicultural exchanges have had a profound impact on the development of historic cities and towns in the region. Considering the towns and cities of the middle and lower Ganges Valley from the 16th to the mid-18th century, this paper integrates the network theory and the centrifugal and centripetal force theory to explain how factors and forces have driven the spatial evolution of the regional urban system. By extracting spatiotemporal data from multiple sources, using the historical map translation method and spatial calculations based on GIS (Geographical Information System), the spatial pattern evolution of the city networks in this historical period is analyzed. The results show that centripetal and centrifugal forces that are generated by different driving factors combined to produce city networks in the middle and lower Ganges Valley from the 16th to the mid-18th century, forming a polycentric “axis network” spatial pattern with a stable and unified overall structure and dynamic and diverse local structures. The paper also argues that constant cultural and socioeconomic communication between the middle and lower Ganges Valley and the East is the key reason for the continuous expansion of the network.

The streets of the Puebla City Downtown [PCD] are unusually narrow and have lots of misplaced potholes and damaged sewers. In addition, many peddlers occupy the sidewalks and make it difficult for pedestrians to move. This situation hinders mobility in this area. We consider it necessary to promote the common and sustainable use of urban public space. Therefore, we aimed at knowing how some agents manage the use of some of the PCD public spaces. We adopted Actor-Network Theory as a theoretical framework and carried out a quasi-ethnographic approach. We observed and interacted with agents who appropriated the public space and hindered urban mobility in the PCD. We present the "networked actions" deployed by these agents and offer some conceptual elements that must be considered to re-assemble the social and constructing a common world, which we call cosmos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public spaces are essential for any city as they define place character; they are the meeting point for social and cultural actions. Place attachment is moulded by the tie between individuals and places. The research examines the historic streets, which are remainders of their period when the pedestrian flow was predominant and had exceptional qualities that supported social action. The changed settings nowadays might have changed people's views and the investigation was made to question and check individual's common memory and their sensitive ties to the historic streets. The four streets from the Walled City of Lahore were selected upon their significance of history and usage. The questionnaires were prepared and the fieldwork analysis was conducted face to face and selected streets were investigated in the terms of, place attachment, identity, and memory. The outcome proved that there is a promising feeling of attachment towards the selected streets and lacking qualities of a street can be improved if look closely at the worthy streets. The study addressed an important issue of marginalization and the results from the Shah-Almi street shows that their act will create the walled city streets to lose their identity as it is formed by its users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Storia Urbana is the property of FrancoAngeli srl and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Urban growth is typically considered a process of expansion. As population grows and transport costs decrease urban density gradients are expected to gradually flatten. This is a basic feature of cities, explained by urban economic models and empirically supported by a plethora of studies about urban density development from all over the world. However, additional forces, such as changes in demographic composition and locational preferences of the urban population acting at local levels, may counteract the flattening tendency of urban gradients. In this paper, we suggest a methodology to test the impact of local density changes on urban gradients, looking at spatio-temporal developments in terms of housing and population. Using highly detailed data on individual housing units and inhabitants in major Dutch cities, we first assess and compare urban density gradients during the period 2000–2017. In all the analysed Dutch cities, both dwelling and population density gradients are becoming steeper over time, contradicting standard predictions from urban economic literature and empirical reports worldwide. The observed trend of steepening urban gradients is partly explained by the presence of historical monuments and urban amenities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the instruments elaborated for protecting and promoting cultural heritage, the UNESCO World Heritage Convention (WHC) and related policies remain dominant, despite criticism in academia. Studies on the role and influence of WH inscription in urban areas are abundant, although they rarely engage with comparative analysis, preferring to investigate single-site dynamics. This article suggests that comparing the evolution of different WH sites reveals interesting parallels, suggesting that some recurrent patterns are identifiable. Our comparative analysis identifies (a) key ontological complexities emerging from the candidature and inscription phases, and (b) common trends of post-inscription consequences as pertains to urban areas. In particular, our results point to: the limitedness and fixity of 'Outstanding Universal Value' statements; the selective identification of heritage resources, based on exclusive instead of inclusive values; the marginalisation of local traditional expertise by international heritage professionals; the unwillingness of local administrative actors to seek for a holistic revitalisation of historic cities. More broadly, results of this study suggest that national neoliberal agendas based on tourism-driven development treat urban heritage resources as commodities, hindering the possibility of inclusive and participatory urban practices, while policies adopting 'rights-based' approaches are more likely to promote local heritage awareness and to encourage identity construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]