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O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as contribuições da Comissão Camponesa da Verdade (CCV) de 2014 para a história agrária brasileira e, especificamente maranhense durante a ditadura civil-militar, buscando, também, estabelecer relações entre o contexto de atuação do grupo de trabalho sobre violações de direitos humanos relacionadas à luta pela terra e contra populações indígenas, por motivações políticas no período compreendido entre 1946-1988, a memória, a história, a justiça de transição, tanto em âmbito nacional como regional. Aponta-se para a necessidade de uma análise que privilegie tanto a reparação da violação de direitos humanos, como da responsabilização de setores da sociedade, que, com os militares, conspiraram para a interdição da articulação de movimentos sociais, como os que se organizavam no campo brasileiro no pré-1964.

O artigo tem o objetivo de investigar a utilização dos agroquímicos em Soledade/RS entre os anos de 1989 e 1990. O uso intensivo de químicos nas lavouras esteve associado à disseminação do pacote tecnológico da Revolução Verde, adotado no Brasil. Esta tecnologia fez parte do processo de modernização da agricultura que tinha como premissa o aumento da produção e da produtividade. O presente estudo emprega os referenciais conceituais e metodológicos da História Ambiental. Concluiu preliminarmente que problemas ambientais importantes estiveram ligados ao uso intensivo dos agroquímicos como a contaminação de pessoas, animais e mananciais hídricos; assim como, colaborou para estigmatizar o agricultor responsabilizando-o pelos acidentes com químicos.

This article aims to present the contributions of the Peasant Truth Commission (CCV) of 2014 to Brazilian agrarian history, specifically in Maranhão during the civil-military dictatorship. It also seeks to establish connections between the context of the working group on human rights violations related to land struggles and against indigenous populations for political reasons from 1946 to 1988. The focus is on memory, history, transitional justice, both at the national and regional levels. The article highlights the need for an analysis that prioritizes both the reparation of human rights violations and the accountability of sectors of society that, along with the military, conspired to suppress the organization of social movements, such as those in the Brazilian countryside before 1964. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Historia Agraria is the property of Historia Agraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este artículo analiza el lugar de la cuestión agraria en el Partido Comunista de la Argentina a partir, principalmente, de sus publicaciones orgánicas durante los inicios del peronismo. En primer orden, se atiende a la construcción histórica del partido y de su propuesta agraria hasta los orígenes del justicialismo con particular énfasis en los cambios operados a razón de la adopción de su “táctica” de “frente popular”. Seguidamente se expone la postura del partido con relación al naciente movimiento de masas. Por último, son analizadas sus críticas y propuestas respecto de las políticas peronistas para el campo.

The article studies how, between 1950 and 1970, the Office of Special Studies, an institution co-financed by the Mexican government and the Rockefeller Foundation, participated in the formation of an intensive forage agriculture, as well as in the reorganization of the Mexican dairy geography. To do this, we will address the case of the State of Mexico, an entity that until 1936 supplied milk to Mexico City, the capital of the country and the main center of demand. In the following decade, however, drought, foot-and-mouth disease and increased demand created a bottleneck supply. To boost forage and milk production, the Office conducted research on alfalfa and corn in that state. However, the reconversion of the northern economy from cotton to milk in the 1950s, as well as the metropolitan expansion of Mexico City, gave way to the deal with Mexiquense agronomic and productive projects. In the 1970s, milk from the north of the country supplied most of the demand in Mexico City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: In this interview, I propose a journey through the intellectual trajectory of Jairus Banaji. It focuses on different aspects comprising the study of the history of capitalism from a Marxist perspective, delving into the expansion of the monetary economy in the late Roman Empire, the economic dynamism of the Islamic world in medieval times, and the role played by merchants and traders in the emergence of capitalism. Originality: Although Banaji’s contributions to the debate that developed in India on “the transition” from feudalism to capitalism were remarkable, his work is little known in Latin America due to the scarcity of translations of his main works. Conclusions. This interview attempts to outline a synthesis of his intellectual biography, which stems from generating a cross-dialogue between his work and the currents of thought that took place in the Latin American region and that, in many cases, influenced and inspired his own work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the end of the 19th century, various business entities pressed the Chilean State to advance in higher levels of food independence, to maintain the economic progress derived from the nitrate economy. The business groups pointed to a massive concession of public land for the installation of cattle, and one of the areas indicated was the Province of Llanquihue. Using preferentially official documents and publications of business groups, this article aims to delve into both the arguments used by national business groups to carry out livestock concessions and the legal strategies used by the State to implement them, indicating, likewise, the reaction and accommodation of local people to the concessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo estudia cómo entre 1950 y 1970 la Oficina de Estudios Especiales –institución de la Secretaría de Agricultura de México cofinanciada por la Fundación Rockefeller– participó de la formación de una agricultura forrajera intensiva y de la reorganización de la geografía lechera mexicana. Para ello, se analiza el caso del Estado de México, que hasta 1936 abastecía de leche al Distrito Federal, capital del país y principal centro de demanda. En la década siguiente, sin embargo, la sequía, la fiebre aftosa y el aumento de la demanda crearon un cuello de botella en la oferta. Para impulsar la producción de forraje y de leche, la Oficina realizó investigaciones en alfalfa y maíz en dicho estado. No obstante, la reconversión de la economía norteña del algodón hacia la leche en la década de 1950, así como la expansión metropolitana de la ciudad de México, malogró con los proyectos agronómicos y productivos mexiquenses. En la década de 1970, la leche proveniente del norte del país abastecía la mayor parte de la demanda de esa ciudad.

Copyright of Mundo Agrario is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Desde el siglo XVII, el regadío se apunta como una solución para asentar población en el Alentejo debido al aumento de la producción agrícola y la consecuente reforma agraria. Sin embargo, solo desde mediados del siglo XX se produjo un crecimiento de las zonas de regadío. Después de más de seis décadas, este trabajo estudia el impacto de la construcción de la presa de Maranhão, Avis, Alentejo cruzando los objetivos fijados con la respectiva evolución demográfica, económica y social. Del análisis de distintas series estadísticas se concluye que la mayoría de los objetivos no se alcanzaron. Avis es hoy un territorio despoblado, con bajos índices de desarrollo y una estructura agraria latifundista. Además, se ha producido una expansión de los monocultivos intensivos, poniendo en peligro la sostenibilidad medioambiental regional. Esta reflexión basada en el análisis histórico es fundamental en un momento en que se anuncia la construcción de nuevas presas.

En el texto se abordan las transformaciones del tejido productivo agropecuario conforme la adopción de dos elementos que impactaron en la productividad del sector: los planes de tecnificación y control agronómico, y la innovación biotecnológica. Se demuestra con apoyo de archivos regionales y nacionales que la política económica en materia agrícola-ganadera logró mayor consolidación y cobertura territorial al interior del Bajío. Así, pues, los programas de modernización acentuaron la diversificación de la estructura agraria regional, y dieron paso a una complementariedad entre los cultivos básicos (trigo, maíz, frijol) y comerciales (alfalfa, sorgo y hortofrutícolas). Las iniciativas de cambio tecnológico se propusieron como una alternativa a los bajos rendimientos, plagas, y desgaste de suelos.

This research studies in an interdisciplinary way the processes of occupation, settlement and productive development that were generated in a district in the south of the province of Buenos Aires (Argentina) to account for the prolegomena of the Argentine agricultural boom in the context of frontier productive expansion Latin American at the beginning of the First Globalization. From an approach to the frontier as a diverse and complex process that pays special attention to local dynamics in the construction of new territorialities, the process of occupation and access to land in Tres Arroyos is thus described. Secondly, it is studied how the process of agricultural takeoff on "new lands" took place. Finally, the archaeological evidence of these societies is shown based on the information provided by some rural settlements. It is concluded that, as in other regions with 'new settlement' economies, on the eve of the export boom, the south of Buenos Aires after a public land policy that was determined by the need to control the territory in the face of indigenous danger and a series of incentives for production began a path of exponential growth until the beginning of the First World War. With innovative and detailed sources, the work shows how the different socioeconomic sectors of the agricultural and livestock sector performed in this original stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Veredas: Revista Interdisciplinar de Ciências Humanas is the property of Obras Sociais e Educacionais de Luz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Mundo Agrario is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este estudio pretende rescatar de las fuentes medievales una perspectiva panorámica durante la Baja Edad Media de la explotación vitivinícola que se desarrolló en la Ribeira Sacra de la mano de las instituciones monásticas y del campesinado forero vinculado a las mismas. Una línea de investigación en el seno de la Historia Agraria que, en la última década, ha gozado de un notable interés por parte de la historiografía peninsular de base regional. Los siguientes párrafos pretenden contribuir modestamente a esta línea de investigación encaminada a dar más protagonismo al mundo del vino y al paisaje que su cultivo generó. Con el fin de llevar a término esta tarea se ha procedido a examinar las fuentes escritas originadas por siete monasterios localizados en las cercanías de las riberas de un río Sil próximo a desembocar sus aguas en el Miño. Los temas a tratar son los siguientes: la importancia del vino en la Ribeira Sacra durante los siglos XIV y XV, la gran expansión que experimentó el viñedo a costa del baldío en el siglo XV, la fisonomía del paisaje resultante y, por último, las prácticas agrícolas y las cargas señoriales asociadas con la producción vinícola.

Reforçado pela ascensão do Constitucionalismo, o movimento associativo expandiu-se no século XIX nos mais variados campos de atuação. O progresso económico era um dos principais objetivos das associações Oitocentistas que, no contexto ibérico de sociedades essencialmente agrárias, apostaram na evolução da agricultura como motor do desenvolvimento. Neste artigo estuda-se, em perspetiva comparada, a ação do associativismo agrícola em duas das mais extensas regiões agrícolas de Espanha e Portugal, respetivamente Extremadura e Alentejo. Conclui-se que, embora aquém dos objetivos definidos, o associativismo agrícola na região espanhola não só foi mais precoce, como também mais ativo. No entanto, futuras investigações deverão ser conduzidas de forma a cimentar a ideia da existência de um associativismo agrícola espanhol mais dinâmico.

Este artigo busca investigar, a partir de uma abordagem histórica, como o regime jurídico de aquisição de imóveis rurais por estrangeiros evoluiu no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e como ele é regulado atualmente pela legislação brasileira. Objetiva estabelecer bases para o desenvolvimento de futuros estudos que relacionem aquisição de imóveis rurais por estrangeiros no Brasil a temas críticos ao direito agrário, como land grabbing, agrarian extractivism, food sovereignty e climate changes. Trata-se, portanto, de pesquisa de caráter descritivo. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica e documental não sistematizada. Ao final da pesquisa identificou-se que no Brasil o regime de aquisição de imóveis rurais por estrangeiros evoluiu de um paradigma de estímulo à imigração e facilitação à aquisição de propriedade para um regime de restrição.

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Copyright of Revista de Historía da Sociedade e da Cultura is the property of Revista de Historia da Sociedade e da Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Este trabajo analiza la historiografía uruguaya sobre temas agrarios y rurales desde la mitad del siglo XX hasta el presente. Propone una clave de lectura de la historiografía rural uruguaya de los últimos 60 años, al colocarla en el contexto intelectual del ascenso y crisis de lo que aquí se denomina, siguiendo al filósofo de la ciencia Imre Lakatos, el programa de investigación de la cuestión agraria.

El presente artículo reflexiona sobre la problemática de los derechos de propiedad en Salta hacia fines del siglo XIX e inicios del siglo XX desde una perspectiva histórica. Para ello, se analizan las codificaciones legales provinciales sobre la propiedad raíz y expedientes judiciales que refieren a conflictos por la tierra. Este abordaje lleva a considerar que en la provincia del norte de Argentina la extensión de una concepción jurídica liberal de la propiedad, se realiza de manera paulatina y se enfrenta a otros derechos sobre la misma con los cuáles coexiste. Además, considerando las relaciones de propiedad como relaciones sociales, se advierte que detrás de estos enfrentamientos judiciales, se defienden intereses concretos por el control de la tierra y sus recursos.

El presente artículo analiza la política de tierras de los gobiernos de la provincia del Chaco (Argentina) en el período de 1953 a 1983. En ese lapso el Estado aún poseía el dominio legal de amplias superficies, aunque gran parte de ellas ya estaban ocupadas. En la agenda oficial la administración de los terrenos fiscales representaba un instrumento decisivo para superar la crisis por la que atravesaba el sector agrario provincial. Las cuestiones fundamentales que se abordaron fueron la regularización de la tenencia, la reorganización parcelaria y la expansión de la frontera agropecuaria. Mediante el análisis de la información obtenida del Instituto de Colonización del Chaco y de publicaciones oficiales se examinan los proyectos y acciones vinculados con el manejo de las tierras fiscales.

The article analyze the impact in Spain of the International Institute of Agriculture (IIA), from the year of its creation until the advent of the Primo de Rivera dictatorship, through the lens of the "social question" that is a concept that popularized the proposals and disagreements surrounding labor regulation.

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Copyright of Mundo Agrario is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article studies the changes in the agricultural production of the Valencian huerta, one of the largest and most productive orchards in the Mediterranean at the time. Throughout the second half of the 19th century and the first third of the 20th, the crops and rotations that had prevailed for some time were replaced by a new production model. The main change consisted of the relatively rapid disappearance of crops such as mulberry trees and hemp, central to traditional agriculture of the huerta. These textile fibres were displaced by the boom in the production of vegetables, potatoes and onions, while maintaining high-yield wheat cultivation. The change responded to the transformations in the demand for food and the demographic growth of the city of Valencia, which constituted an expanding local market. However, unlike other irrigated areas that supply urban markets, such as the Baix Llobregat and the city of Barcelona, the Valencian orchard also developed export-oriented production lines. Onions, potatoes and tomatoes, above all, found a significant demand in the markets of the United States and Great Britain, where they reached very high export figures. Meanwhile, most of the vegetables were sold in the next city. The new agricultural model was characterized by the diversification of products, the complexity of crops rotations, and the product differentiation based of different internal and external demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faced with the backwardness of the northern Valencian lands, in the last decades of the 19th century a number of people tried to introduce transformations in their agricultural landscape, especially in la Plana, which could mean a socio-economic advance. Among the protagonists of these proposals were technicians who had been trained to analyse what and how it was grown, and proposed what needed to be modified. One of these specialists in agriculture was Fernando Bou i Gascó (1828-1884), who experimented and wrote about the measures that had to be taken to deal with the problems of traditional crops, such as the phylloxera in the vineyard, and on possible new irrigated crops, such as cane and citrus, to replace cereals and hemp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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O artigo trata do papel do Posto Agropecuário de Ijuí, implantado pelo Ministério da Agricultura na década de 1940 para fomentar a modernização agrícola na região noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, a qual se destacou na história da agricultura pelo desenvolvimento das lavouras de trigo e soja. O período de instalação dessa instituição de difusão de tecnologias precede a Revolução Verde no sul do Brasil e significou uma importante colaboração para o posterior desenvolvimento dessa. Interpretamos o conteúdo de documentos arquivados no Museu Antropológico Diretor Pestana, produzidos pelo diretor do Posto Agropecuário e artigos publicados no jornal Correio Serrano. A perspectiva da análise é da história agrária e da história ambiental, com ênfase no papel do Estado como agente de difusão de novas tecnologias e nos impactos socioambientais decorrentes do processo de modernização da agricultura no período de 1940 a 1976.

El presente trabajo aborda la producción de lino en el reino de Valencia desde la conquista cristiana hasta la expulsión de los moriscos. Es desde esta perspectiva que se cuestiona la pretendida especialización de las familias musulmanas de dicho territorio en el cultivo e hilado del lino. También se hace hincapié en la participación de las elites rurales en este ámbito productivo. Para acabar, en el estudio se plantea hasta qué punto se puede considerar esta producción como una industria rural en la medida que no hubo especialización productiva ni tampoco participación del capital comercial. Los protocolos notariales, los registros del justicia así como las cartas de población ya editadas son las principales fuentes documentales que sustentan esta investigación. Abstract This paper is concerned with linen production in the kingdom of Valencia from the Christian conquest to the expulsion of the Moriscos in the seventeenth century. From this perspective we will question the supposed specialization of Muslim families of this territory in the production and spinning of linen. Moreover, this study specifically examines the participation of affluent Christian families in this sector. Finally, the article discusses to what extent this production should be classified as a specifically rural economic sector. The notarial protocols, judicial registers as well as previously published population charters are the main documentary sources on which we base our research.

O presente artigo analisa dois processos da Diretoria da Agricultura envolvendo problemas fundiários oitocentistas. Casos nos quais o escritor Machado de Assis atuou na condição de funcionário público. Ainda que não seja possível inferir destes processos as concepções machadianas sobre a propriedade, defendemos, ao longo da análise que, dada a natureza de sua posição de chefe da segunda seção da Diretoria da Agricultura, tendeu a concordar tácita ou expressamente com os pareceres de seus colegas. Contextualizamos esses processos com a realidade agrária oitocentista, elucidando ao leitor a realidade social interna e externa a essa repartição na qual o Bruxo do Cosme Velho atuou enquanto funcionário do Ministério da Agricultura, Comércio e Obras Públicas.

Nos últimos vinte anos, uma nova geração de investigadores tem se dedicado a discutir as escalas de direitos de propriedades que configuraram a ocupação colonial nas Américas. Desde os estudos produzidos nos anos 1990, as pesquisas têm procurado deslindar a dinâmica de apropriação territorial, a partir de um conceito-chave do direito civil luso-brasileiro. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo analisa o instituto enfitêutico ou os aforamentos das terras, em sua relação com os problemas de percepção da concentração fundiária em Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, em fins do século XVIII. Para tanto, analisa-se o conturbado processo histórico de desparecimento dos direitos dos grupos indígenas sobre aquelas terras e a operacionalização da enfiteuse e seus foros como forma de constituir um direito de propriedade do detentor do domínio direto.

This article studies different territorial conflicts between Arab merchants and neighboring indigenous peoples, creoles, and immigrants in the northwest of the National Territory of Chubut during the first half of the 20th century. Different cases are followedup through documents produced by the Dirección Nacional de Tierras (National Land Directorate) and the Chubut governorate, advancing in generalizations that allow discussing the speeches that have simplified the processes of land appropriation. Based on these cases, we propose to review the usual historiographic periodization about the beginning of the processes of enclosure and the territorial conflicts that staged the Syrian-Lebanese immigrants. It is argued that the Arab merchants, by introducing perimeter fences, broke a previous territorial ordering based on occupations that were not delimited and that were generally regulated by neighborhood agreements. The historiographical reconstruction shows that the Syrian-Lebanese bolicheros managed to maintain and expand their enclosures after long-term administrative processes, gradually imposing a new order marked by private appropriation of land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo realiza un balance de la obra historiográfica de Mario Samper. Su objetivo es analizar la evolución de sus estudios agrarios, brindando una especial atención a su investigación sobre colonización agrícola y campesinado, así como la historia del café en Costa Rica, América Central y América Latina.

Este texto es la respuesta de Eduardo Míguez a las reflexiones críticas de Osvaldo Barsky y Juan Manuel Palacio en torno a “Del feudalismo al capitalismo agrario: ¿el fin de la historia... agraria?”.

Este texto es una reflexión crítica en torno a “Del feudalismo al capitalismo agrario: ¿el fin de la historia... agraria?” por Eduardo Míguez

El presente texto revisita el recorrido de las representaciones historiográficas sobre la economía agraria pampeana argentina durante los siglos XIX y XX. En función de las mismas, estudia su impacto en las políticas públicas y la situación actual de la especialidad.

Este texto es una reflexión crítica en torno a “Del feudalismo al capitalismo agrario: ¿el fin de la historia... agraria?” por Eduardo Míguez.

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En este artículo se estudian diferentes conflictos territoriales entre comerciantes árabes y colindantes indígenas, criollos e inmigrantes en el noroeste del territorio nacional de Chubut durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. Se realiza un seguimiento de distintos casos a partir de documentos que produjeron la Dirección Nacional de Tierras y la Gobernación del Chubut, y se avanza en generalizaciones que permiten discutir los discursos que han simplificado los procesos de apropiación de tierras. A partir de los diferentes casos se propone revisar las periodizaciones historiográficas usuales sobre el inicio de los cercamientos y los conflictos territoriales que protagonizaron los inmigrantes sirio-libaneses. Se argumenta que los comerciantes árabes, al introducir alambrados, quebraron un ordenamiento territorial previo basado en ocupaciones que no estaban delimitadas y que generalmente se regulaban mediante acuerdos vecinales. La reconstrucción historiográfica muestra que los bolicheros sirio-libaneses lograron mantener y ampliar sus cercamientos después de extensos procedimientos administrativos, al mismo tiempo que impusieron gradualmente un nuevo orden signado por la apropiación privada de la tierra.