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Aim. To conduct a retrospective analysis and evaluate the morphological methods for HPV-related intraepithelial lesions detection in women of reproductive age. Materials and methods. The data of cytological diagnosis, as well as the results of histological reports were analyzed for the period from 2018 to 2019. A comparative analysis was performed in 415 patients with HPV-related intraepithelial lesions, who applied to the scientific and polyclinic department of the Kulakov National Research Medical Center at the age of 19 to 45 years. Morphological examination was carried out by specialists of the 1st pathology department of the Center. Results. According to the results of a comparative analysis of cytological and histological conclusions, 3 groups were formed: 1 the group of coincidence (agree) of cytological and histological conclusions; 2 group of minor discrepancies (minor under/ over) between cytological and histological finding; 3 group of major discrepancies (major under/ over) between cytological and histological findings. Cytological and histological compliance was achieved in 194 (46.74%) patients. The total number of minor nonconformities was 192 (46%) cases. The total number of significant discrepancies between cytological and histological findings was 29 (6.9%) patients: 20 (4.8%) cases were found in the group NILM, hr. cervicitis HSIL and 9 (2.1%) cases in the group HSIL hr. cervicitis according to the results of histological examination. Conclusion. Cervical screening reduces the risk of breast cancer due to cytological examination of the cervix, but histological examination is crucial in making a correct diagnosis, since its result determines the choice of treatment method. The comparative analysis showed that in all groups there were cases of hypo- and hyperdiagnostics during cytological examination although the major discrepancies which can change treatment algorithm, were found only in 6.8% cases.

BACKGROUND: The association of Helicobacter pylori-negative gastritis with lymphoid follicles (LFs) in children is still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the natural history and significance of H. pylori-negative gastritis with LFs in children. METHODS: We identified children with histologically proven H. pylori-negative gastritis with LFs between June 2014 and January 2017. The children were invited for a follow-up examination. The clinical, endoscopic, and histological findings of the index esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) were revised and compared to the follow-up findings. RESULTS: A total of 754 children underwent EGD. Among the 48 children diagnosed with H. pylori-negative gastritis, 17 (35.41%) had gastric LFs. Eight agreed to participate in the study. The mean follow-up was 25.58 ± 4.52 (range, 20.53-35.73) months. Three children still had histologic findings of chronic gastritis with LFs. Four children had resolution of the gastritis but still had LFs, and 1 patient had resolution of both the gastritis and LFs. CONCLUSION: LFs were still present in children with H. pylori-negative gastritis after a mean follow-up of 2 years, and in some children, despite resolution of the gastritis. Therefore, this histological finding might be a non-pathological feature in children and does not need any contribution or follow-up.

Eccrine squamous syringometaplasia (ESS) is a histological term describing a mature squamous metaplasia of the eccrine ducts. Eccrine squamous syringometaplasia is not an infrequent histological finding and may be associated with chemotherapy or with a variety of non-specific conditions including infections, neoplastic conditions, and inflammatory skin diseases. We report a 75-year-old man who developed ESS within lesions of leukemia cutis (LC). The patient had an inaugural diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and he was not on chemotherapy when the biopsy was performed.

Primary cardiac tumors are rare in pediatrics age group. Germ cell tumor although relatively common in mediastenum, but intracardiac mature teratoma with PDA are extremely rare histological finding reported in our department of pathology in 9 days old full term neonate.

Background: Cutaneous reactions, mostly on injection site after mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, have been reported but not with detailed histopathological characterization.Objectives: Characterization and classification of these reactions in a clinical and pathological point of view.Methods: Monocentric case series of 11 patients with cutaneous manifestations, clinically and histologically characterized after COVID-19 vaccination.Results: From January to June 2021, we recorded 11 cutaneous reactions to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines from BNT162b2 (n = 8) and mRNA-1273 (n = 3). Generalized reactions showing erythematous rash or purpura were the most common clinical presentation, and drug-reaction-like pattern was the most common histological finding.Conclusions: A proper clinicopathological classification will be helpful in the early diagnosis and management of the cutaneous reactions to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines.

Choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) is a predominately pediatric CNS tumor with a variety of histologic features, with hyaline globules only reported once previously. Case report: A two-year-old male ch...

In this case report of bilateral fibroadenomas of the breast in a 17-year-old male, we add to the relatively small number of reported cases. Initially assumed to be Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART)-associated gynecomastia, our patient with congenital HIV, had normal hormone levels and was otherwise of normal secondary sexual development, except for an uncomplicated undescended testis. The conjunction of clinical finding, imaging and histological finding confirmed a fibroadenoma with gynecomastia. Only a small number of bilateral fibroadenomas in male have been reported in the literature. The finding of co-occurring gynecomastia strengthens the argument for gynecomastia as a necessary prerequisite for the development of fibroadenoma in male due to the quasi inexistent glandular tissue in a normal male breast (the so called sequential theory). The finding suggest that despite the scarcity of fibroadenoma in male, this condition can still be found in the spectrum of male breast pathologies.

Endocervical microglandular hyperplasia (MGH) is a reactive type of glandular lesion that may be confused with endocervical adenocarcinoma from the macroscopic and the colposcopic findings, as well as from a histological. Differential diagnosis is very important. Here, we report a case of a 21 years-old women with a challenging differential diagnosis in the colposcopy and a MGH as histological finding.

Background/Aims: Pouchitis is one of the main complications after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in patients with ulcerative colitis. The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of colonic histological criteria can predict the development of pouchitis. Methodology: We retrospectively reviewed 147 patients' clinical data and performed a histological evaluation of the resected total colon using Tanaka's criteria, which comprise the following 6 factors: ulceration (H1), crypt abscesses (H2), degree of mononuclear cell infiltration (MNCI) (H3), segmental distribution of MNCI (H4), eosinophil infiltration (H5), and extent of disease of resected colon (H6). Results: The development of pouchitis and chronic pouchitis within 3 years after restoration of gastrointestinal continuity was recognized in 52 (35.4%) and 26 (17.7%) of the 147 patients, respectively. Using various combinations of each score, the H3 + H4 - H5 scores of patients with pouchitis or chronic pouchitis were significantly higher than those of patients without. A H3 + H4 - H5 score of >0.4 was a statistically significant risk factor for the development of both pouchitis and chronic pouchitis. Conclusions: The combination of the degree of MNCI, segmental distribution of MNCI, and eosinophil infiltration from histological criteria has utility in predicting the future development of pouchitis, especially chronic pouchitis.

• The aim of this case report was to evaluate the treatment of vulvar lymphangioma applying photodynamic therapy (PDT). Patient aged 61 years, complained of vulvar region burning, local pain, which caused intense discomfort for over 5 years. She had developed vulvar edema, papules and vesicles that drained clear exudate, in which histological finding confirmed the vulvar lymphangioma. A red diode laser (Photon Lase III, DMC, Brazil) was applied locally after a 2% methylene blue aqueous solution (MB) in the vulvar target area. It was used a 660 nm wavelength light source, irradiance- 100 mW/cm2, radiant energy-20 J/cm2, exposer time-40 s, applied weekly at 10 points onto vulvar area in a total of 5 sessions. A clinical improvement post PDT was observed as well as a better quality of life. Post 3 years follow up no recurrence was observed. The clinical response followed MB- mediated PDT suggested a non-invasive, secure and low-cost treatment.

Background: In the cholesteatoma surgery ossicles can be replaced to reconstruct middle ear function. It is important that these ossicles are free of squamous epithelium, to prevent residual disease. This study focuses on the histological findings of the malleus and incus harvested during cholesteatoma surgery. Materials and Methods: Eighty middle ears ossicles were examined in vivo and histologically to consider the relationship of cholesteatoma to ossicles, grade of bone destruction and invasion of cholesteatoma to deeper layers of bone. Results: Serious ossicular destruction was observed more frequently in incus compared to malleus (p = 0.0065). Difference of ossicles destruction between children and adults was not significant (p = 0.3032). Deep invasion of cholesteatoma into the vascular spaces or inner core of the bone was not observed. Conclusions: Autograft ossicles from cholesteatomatous ears should not necessarily be rejected for reconstruction of the ossicular chain. Regarding the histological finding, the authors suggest mechanical cleaning of the ossicle surface to eliminate residual disease.

Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a self-limiting inflammatory condition of the thyroid gland in which multinucleated giant cells constitute a key histological finding. SAT is generally a clinical diagnosis and consequently its histological features are rarely encountered by pathologist. Herein, we present a case that exemplifies the characteristic clinical and pathological features of this entity. In addition, we compare SAT to other thyroid disorders characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells.

La calcinose scrotale est une maladie rare, benigne, de pathogenie incertaine caracterisee par de nombreux nodules indolores, durs du scrotum en absence de tout trouble metabolique systemique. Nous rapportons le cas d’un patient âge de 57 ans qui presente une calcinose scrotale de decouverte histologique fortuite associee a un eczema chronique et une hernie inguinale gauche. Nous discutons apres une revue de la litterature, les aspects pathogeniques, cliniques, therapeutiques et anatomopathologiques de cette pathologie mal comprise. Mots Cles: Calcinose; scrotum; kyste epidermique; reaction granulomateuse English Title: Bringing Histopathology in the Diagnosis of Scrotal Calcinosis: About a Case English Abstract Scrotal calcinosis is a rare, benign condition of uncertain pathogenesis characterized by multiple painless, hard lumps in the scrotum, without any systemic metabolic disorder. We report on the case of a patient aged 57 years who presented with scrotal calcinosis as an incidental histological finding associated with chronic eczema and a left inguinal hernia. We discuss, after reviewing the literature, the pathogenic, clinical, therapeutic, and pathologic aspects of this poorly understood condition. Keywords: Calcinosis; scrotum; epidermal cyst granulomatous reaction

Hepatic steatosis is a common histological finding in obese patients. Even mild steatosis is associated with delayed hepatic regeneration and poor outcomes following liver resection or transplantation. We sought to identify and target molecular pathways that mediate this dysfunction. Lean mice and mice made obese through feeding of a high-fat, hypercaloric diet underwent 70 or 80% hepatectomy. After 70% resection, obese mice demonstrated 100% survival but experienced increased liver injury, reduced energy stores, reduced mitoses, increased necroapoptosis, and delayed recovery of liver mass. Increasing liver resection to 80% was associated with mortality of 40% in lean and 80% in obese mice ( P < 0.05). Gene expression profiling showed decreased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in fatty liver. Meta-analysis of expression studies in mice, rats, and patients also demonstrated reduction of EGFR in fatty liver. In mice, both EGFR and phosphorylated EGFR decreased with increasing percent body fat. Hydrodynamic transfection of EGFR plasmids in mice corrected fatty liver regeneration, reducing liver injury, increasing proliferation, and improving survival after 80% resection. Loss of EGFR expression is rate limiting for liver regeneration in obesity. Therapies directed at increasing EGFR in steatosis might promote liver regeneration and survival following hepatic resection or transplantation.

Objectives: We aimed to determine the value and accuracy of ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in diagnosis of parotid masses. Material and Methods: Data from patients who were operated for parotid masses at our clinic and performed preoperative ultrasound guided FNAB were analyzed retrospectively between 2003-2009. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy as a diagnostic test specificity, sensitivity values were calculated. Results: Thirty-eight of the patients (58%) were male and 28 (42%) were female with a mean age of 48 (18-81). FNAB was benign at 54 patients and malign at 12 patients. We did not have any nondiagnostic values. Fifty-five of the 66 patients (83%) were reported as benign and 11 of the patients (17%) were reported as malign at postoperatif postoperative pathological examination. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive rates were 64% , 91%, 58%, 93%. Conclusion: Ultrasound guided FNAB is a reliable method of preoperatively assessing parotid masses.

Background/aim The vast majority of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) evolve from mucosa not associated to lymphoid tissues aggregates via the adenoma-carcinoma sequence or via the serrated pathway. Rarely CRCs evolve from gut mucosa associated to lymphoid tissue (GALT). Materials and methods Based on the presence of a circumscribed elevation in the colorectal mucosa, GALT carcinomas are also referred to as dome carcinomas (DC). Descriptions of the surface mucosa covering 21 GALT-CRCs appearing in pathological reports were reviewed. Results Three of the 21 GALT-CRCs fulfilled the criteria of dome carcinoma. Of the remaining 18 GALT-CRCs, nine were described as polypoid lesions, five as plaque-like lesions, two as sessile elevated lesions or mass, one as ulcerated and one as histological finding. Hence, only 14.3% (n=3) of the 21 GALT-CRCs displayed a dome configuration, whereas the majority, 85.7% (n=18), exhibited structures other than dome shapes at gross or at histologic examination. Conclusion It becomes apparent that by using "dome" in addressing carcinomas in the colorectal mucosa, many cases of GALT carcinomas might be overlooked. Another drawback of using the "dome" nomenclature is that dome-like outlines may be detected in small metastatic tumors in the submucosa or in small colorectal carcinomas not arising from GALT mucosa. Instead, by using "GALT carcinoma", that is the histologic diagnosis in addressing these neoplasias, all cases of GALT-CRCs will be included.

The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of Kamino bodies in Reed nevus, since most studies to date show conflicting data on this issue. This was a retrospective observational study, in which the histopathology of 19 Reed nevus lesions were reviewed. The slides were stained by hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-Schiff, with a special focus placed on the identification of Kamino bodies. Some clinical data were also collected. The median patient age was 12 years (range of 2 to 58). The women to men ratio was 5:4. Lesions were located on different parts of the body. Kamino bodies were found in eleven lesions (57.89%). five showed pigmented Kamino bodies (26.31%), four non-pigmented Kamino bodies (21,05%), and 2 (10.52%) had both. Kamino bodies, pigmented or not, are a common histological finding in Reed nevus and may well represent a good marker to differentiate these from malignant melanomas.

Urothelial bladder tumours in childhood are extremely rare, with most cases being low grade, superficial disease of the papillary subtype with favourable outcomes. Urothelial (clear cell variant) carcinoma of bladder (UCCVCB) is an exceptional histological finding in both the adult and paediatric population. Herein we describe the first case of UCCVCB diagnosed in childhood. With this case being only the fourth report of confirmed muscle invasion in childhood, we discuss the entity of UCCVCB, and furthermore review all previously reported confirmed cases of childhood muscle invasive urothelial bladder cancer, in general.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The histological finding of pleural inflammation (pleuritis/fibrosis) is frequently found in pleural biopsies taken at thoracoscopy. This is a nonspecific finding, representing a common endpoint of many pleural conditions. Additional features, such as malignant cells, caseating granulomas and evidence of vasculitis, are required to make an aetiological histological diagnosis; in the absence of these features, the term 'nonspecific pleuritis/fibrosis' (NSP) is used. The cause of NSP is obscure and presents a particular dilemma: whether this apparently benign result represents a 'false-negative' sampling error in malignancy. RECENT FINDINGS: In a recent longitudinal follow-up study of 142 patients undergoing thoracoscopy, NSP was found in 31%. Of these, a likely cause for the NSP was found in 38% and malignancy occurred in 12%. These data were consistent with previous studies. SUMMARY: NSP is a histological diagnosis made in approximately 30-40% of patients with an undiagnosed exudative pleural effusion. The majority of cases adopt a benign course, although 8-12% may be subsequently found to have malignancy, particularly mesothelioma. In 25-91% no cause for the NSP is found; these patients are considered to have 'idiopathic pleuritis'. Prolonged follow-up, with occasionally further (usually more invasive) biopsies, is essential to rule out malignancy. © 2011 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Inc.

This study aimed to assess the qualitative changes in the amount of acid mucin in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) compared to normal colon. A total number of 100 samples were examined, 50 were colorectal cancer samples (cases) and 50 were normal (controls), all were stained with Alcian blue method. Acid mucin increased, in different levels, in 30 (60%) of the cases compared to only six (12%) of controls (P

Objectives: A persistent problem in generating a functional myocardial patch is maintaining contractions in a thicker construct. Thus far, we have successfully created contracting constructs with a defined directionality by seeding neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (CMs) on decellularised porcine small-intestinal submucosa (SIS). Here, we report our efforts in generating a thicker contracting construct by combining CM cell sheets with CM-seeded SIS. Methods: Porcine SIS was decellularised, opened along the longitudinal axis, fixed in a metal frame (45 mm � 25 mm) and seeded onto the submucosal side with neonatal rat CMs at a density of 1.8 � 10 5 cells cm � 2 . CM sheets were prepared using temperatureresponsive dishes by seeding CMs at a density of 4.0 � 10 5 cells cm � 2 . Three days after CM seeding, one- or three-layered CMs sheet(s) were stacked onto seeded SIS. Construct contraction was observed for an additional 10 days followed by histological analysis. Results: Stacked CM sheets contracted spontaneously and synchronously with seeded SIS after adherence. A large portion of analysed constructs showed a defined contraction direction, parallel to the longitudinal axis (seeded SIS: 83%, seeded SIS + 1 sheet: 70%, seeded SIS + 3 layered sheets: 71%). This finding was in agreement to the histological finding of aligned CMs parallel to the longitudinal axis. The thickness of seeded SIS with and without three-layered sheets was approximately 800 mm and 500 mm, respectively. Conclusions: By combining layered CM sheets with CM-seeded SIS, a three-dimensional myocardial patch with contraction in a defined direction was successfully generated. This may represent an intermediate step to a multiple layered, vascularised contractile myocardial graft. # 2010 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Galli-Galli disease is a rare genodermatosis currently regarded as an acantholytic variant of Dowling-Degos disease. The 2 diseases have the same clinical features: reticular hyperpigmented macules in the great skin folds, erythematous scaly papules and plaques, comedo-like lesions, and pitted perioral scars, and the only differentiating characteristic is the histological finding of acantholysis, usually without dyskeratosis. We describe the case of a patient with hyperpigmented papules in the skin folds as the only sign of Galli-Galli disease, and we present a review of the literature.

Congenital pouch colon (CPC) is an unusual abnormality in which the colon ends in a pouch-like dilatation and there is generally an associated anorectal malformation. The condition varies from complete absence of normal colon to a nearly normal length of proximal colon with only recto-sigmoid involvement. There is a paucity of data on histological findings in cases of pouch colon. Resected specimens of five cases of CPC were taken. Microscopic sections were stained for H&E and Masson’s trichrome stains. We present here an interesting histological finding, namely an unusual muscle layer, inner to the circular muscle layer, in five cases of complete or almost complete CPC and discuss the clinical significance of this finding.

Fox-Fordyce disease is a rare skin condition characterized by the presence of multiple pruritic follicular papules in areas rich in apocrine glands, such as the axillae, mammary areolae, or genital regions. There is a high degree of variability in the histological findings seen in Fox-Fordyce disease. In addition to those described as typical of this entity, such as dilation of the infundibulum and hyperkeratosis and spongiosis of the infundibular epithelium, many other histological changes can be observed. We report the case of a 21-year-old woman with Fox-Fordyce disease and highlight the importance of perifollicular xanthomatosis as a key histological finding in the diagnosis of the disease.

Fox-Fordyce disease is a rare skin condition characterized by the presence of multiple pruritic follicular papules in areas rich in apocrine glands, such as the axillae, mammary areolae, or genital regions. There is a high degree of variability in the histological findings seen in Fox-Fordyce disease. In addition to those described as typical of this entity, such as dilation of the infundibulum and hyperkeratosis and spongiosis of the infundibular epithelium, many other histological changes can be observed. We report the case of a 21-year-old woman with Fox-Fordyce disease and highlight the importance of perifollicular xanthomatosis as a key histological finding in the diagnosis of the disease.

The present study was carried out to examine the bone healing effect of a magnet as the feasibility test for clinical application. The surgical technique of tibia puncture was performed with male Sprague Dawley rats for investigating radiological and histological findings. The treated group was attached the magnet, and control group was attached the placebo magnet for 4, 6, and 8 weeks respectively. The rats were taken a radiograph for examining radiological findings on 2-weekly interval for 8 weeks. Also, the rats were partly euthanized for investigating histological findings on 2-weekly interval from 4 week to 8 week. In the magnet treated rats, the healing process of bone trauma was positively stimulated to compare with control rats.

Multinucleated keratinocytes (also known as multinucleated epidermal giant cells) are a frequently overlooked histological finding in noninfectious inflammatory dermatoses. They are sometimes found in conditions characterized by chronic rubbing and pruritus, such as lichen simplex chronicus or prurigo nodularis, and may be a helpful clue in making the clinical diagnosis. This finding must be differentiated from other conditions characterized by multinucleated keratinocytes on histopathology, specifically herpes simplex, varicella zoster, or measles viral infections. The authors present a case series of 2 patients with unique clinical noninfectious diagnoses but similar histopathologic findings on biopsy. The histopathologic findings on both cases demonstrated multinucleated keratinocytes, which were related to manipulation of the epidermis.

A 54-year-old lady presented with a mass in the left atrium causing an acute mitral valve pseudo-stenosis. The tumour mass was assumed to be a myxoma. The patient was scheduled for tumour mass extirpation to clear the obstruction of the mitral orifice. Histological finding from the acquired specimen showed a leiomyosarcoma, as a rare primary malignant cardiac tumour.

São descritos os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos de um surto de intoxicação por Pteridium arachnoideum e Pteridium caudatum em bovinos no Estado de Mato Grosso. A distribuição dessas plantas no Estado, a intensidade de invasão de pastagens e alguns fatores associados à invasão das pastagens por Pteridium spp. são também descritos. Pteridium spp. foi observada em 83 propriedades de nove municípios de Mato Grosso e deste total, amostras de 22 propriedades foram coletadas para identificação taxonômica. Em 22 propriedades identifica-se P. arachnoideum e em duas dessas havia também P. caudatum. O desmatamento e a realização de queimadas parecem estar relacionados com a invasão de Pteridium spp. nas pastagens. Na propriedade em que ocorreu a doença, 306 bovinos foram introduzidos em uma pastagem formada por Brachiaria brizantha intensamente invadida por P. arachnoideum e P. caudatum e desses 22 bovinos adoeceram e morreram. Os principais sinais clínicos foram febre alta, apatia, fadiga, fraqueza e decúbito. Na necropsia havia graus variáveis de hemorragias em vários órgãos e cavidades e infartos ocasionais. Microscopicamente, a alteração mais importante consistiu em aplasia severa da medula óssea vermelha. Os achados epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos associados à identoificação taxonômica da planta fundamentam o diagnóstico de intoxicação aguda por P. arachnoideum e P. caudatum em bovinos. O crescente desmatamento e a frequente utilização de queimadas em Mato Grosso podem contribuir para que esta doença venha a ser uma importante fonte de prejuízos para a pecuária do Estado.

We report a case of the rare porokeratosis variant porokeratosis ptychotropica (PP). A circumferential perianal plaque and the characteristic histology of multiple cornoid lamellae with underlying dermal amyloid deposition were seen. Amyloid deposition was seen in the biopsied intertriginous area of the plaque only, which, in concordance with other cutaneous amyloid deposition disorders, may suggest a role for friction in the pathogenesis of this histological finding. We review the literature on PP and summarize the poor response seen to treatments.