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PurposeThere are a plethora of putative influencing variables available in the literature for modelling real estate prices using AI. Their choice tends to differ from one researcher to the other, consequently leading to subjectivity in the selection process. Thus, there is a need to seek the viewpoint of practitioners on the applicability and level of significance of these academically established variables.Design/methodology/approachUsing the Delphi technique, this study collated and structured the 35 underlying micro- and macroeconomic parameters derived from literature and eight variables suggested by 11 selected real estate experts. The experts ranked these variables in order of influence using a seven-point Likert scale with a reasonable consensus during the fourth round (Kendall's W = 0.7418).FindingsThe study discovered that 16 variables are very influential with seven being extremely influential. These extremely influential variables include flexibility, adaptability of design, accessibility to the building, the size of office spaces, quality of construction, state of repairs, expected capital growth and proximity to volatile areas.Practical implicationsThe results of this study improve the quality of data available to valuers towards a fortified price prediction for investors, and thereby, restoring the valuers' credibility and integrity.Originality/valueThe “volatility level of an area”, which was revealed as a distinct factor in the survey is used to add to current knowledge concerning office price. Hence, this study offers real estate practitioners and researchers valuable knowledge on the critical variables that must be considered in AI-based price modelling.

The delivery of information or news in a community is very much emphasized so that all announcements related to the community and neighbourhood can be delivered clearly, truthfully and quickly. The selection of delivery system indicators also depends on the level of acceptance of the community in a neighbourhood. This means, sometimes residents ’associations need to think the way of a presentation that can attract the community to read it and take proactive steps so that the community does not drop out of knowing authentic information. The methodology of this paper used in depth interviews with 11 resident’ associations in Johor Bahru. This aims to get information more clearly on how the residents' association conveys all forms of neighbourhood information to the community in it. The findings of the study founded that the popular method used by residents' associations is through the WhatsApp medium and also through the sending of leaflets or memos to the community. This communication medium is very popular because it is faster, easier and cost effective. Overall, the writing of this paper showed the importance of the actions and initiatives of residents' associations as the party that governs the guarded neighbourhood in ensuring that the community receives information from legitimate elements and at the same time can strengthen friendship when all communities are involved in each program that has been planned.

It is widely accepted that risk and uncertainty are integral parts of the property valuation process. Uncertainty in property valuation is derived from the characteristics of property itself. The issue pertaining to risk and uncertainty in property valuations is currently one of the key concerns in global valuation practice to date in addressing the decision of risk and uncertainty in valuation, especially for business purposes or in the current term known as business valuation. The judgment and experience still depend on the expertise of the individual valuers alone. The valuation methods used can cause problems if certain elements in business such as risk are highlighted, especially to determine market value. There is a need for valuers to express assumptions which take into account risk and uncertainties, and then pass on the results of the estimation process to the end user of the valuation report. This research employed Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) to identify the level of risk in business valuation for valuers to identify which risk areas will expose them to professional liabilities, which then leads to mitigation of risk to determine value in business valuations. AHP will also be able to identify the level of risk in each of the approaches in business valuation which could help valuers to determine the value and market value in the valuation process. This paper will propose some practical approaches of how to address the risk and uncertainty of the valuation process, especially for the purpose of business valuation.

Psychological and behavioural dimensions play a vital role in influencing Valuers’ valuation judgements, thus affecting the validity, accuracy and discrepancy(reliability)of property values. However, behavioural uncertainty research,specifically withinthe discipline of property valuation among property Valuers,is still limited, particularly in developing countries with their unique property valuation systems, and has been so farconducted in an independent, separate manner, which looks into the behaviouraluncertainties non-connectedly. Therefore, this study aims to examine the behavioural uncertainties of local Valuers in property valuation, vitally addressing the questions of behavioursinvolved and how abehavioural uncertainty is associated with other behavioural issues. This study adopted a phenomenological design, where a session of focus group discussions with 10 public-private Valuers from Johor Bahru, Malaysia was conducted. Results showthat local Valuers weresubject to various, simultaneous interwoven behavioural uncertainties, which ultimately form a behavioural framework of associations, including biases, client influences, heuristics, professional ethics, and opportunistic behavioursin making their valuation judgement. Biases (subjective preference) and professional ethics (negligence and carelessness) are the two most dominant behaviours involved in local property valuation. These findings provide policy insights to both public and private Valuers, academicians, and the market about the importance of understanding behavioural property economics, that crucially enables them to collectivelycreatea sustainable property valuation environment

In order to fulfil the increasing energy demand, Malaysia aims to reduce carbon emission by 45 percent by 2030, and becomes fully carbon neutral by 2050. However, promoting this energy has inevitably forced this new industry to face some drawbacks particularly related to land matters, especially solar farm development, which is still new in the country and does not have any proper guidance. As the control of land planning and development is under the responsibility of the State Authority as enshrined in Article 74 of the Federal Constitution, the implementation is different in each state due to different land policy known as the State Land Rules. Thus, selected respondents have been interviewed, and the findings have been acquired regarding the elements of solar farm development’s approval consideration from the perspectives of land administrator, planner, and developer. This leads to a direction to standardize a legal framework of the land approval consideration for solar farm development especially in Johor.

Over the past decade, the Malaysian government has put its effort into various programmes to promote solar energy in the country. As for now, Large Scale Solar (LSS) is the biggest programme conducted by Sustainable Energy Development Authority (SEDA) and permitted by Energy Commission (EC). As the large-scale solar does not have any proper guideline, especially in development approval consideration, Johor land administrators have put telecommunication tower development as a benchmark in approving large-scale solar developments that use the Special Permit method. However, the Special Permit fee appears unfitting for the development. Thus, this paper aims to determine the Special Permit rate for large-scale solar development which are profitable to the stakeholders. Its drawback is particularly related to solar radiance, which is the key criterion of site selection to develop the most profitablesite. Selected respondents have been interviewed and the findings have led to a direction to standardise a legal framework for large-scale solar, especially in Johor.

A relatively high level of precision is required in real estate valuation for investment purposes. Such estimates of value which is carried out by real estate professionals are relied upon by the end-users of such financial information having paid a certain fee for consultation hence leaving little room for errors. However, valuation reports are often criticised for their inability to be replicated by two or more valuers. Hence, stirring to a keen interest within the academic cycle leading to the need for exploring avenues to improve the price prediction ability of the professional valuer. This study, therefore, focuses on overcoming these challenges by introducing an integrated approach that combines ANFIS with ANN termed ANFIS-AN, thereby having a reiteration in terms of ANN application to fortify price predictability. Using 255 property data alongside 12 variables, the ANFIS-AN model was adopted and its outcome was compared with that of ANN. Finally, the results were subjected to 3 different error testing models using the same training and learning benchmarks. The proposed model’s RMSE gave 1.413169, while that of ANN showed 9.942206. Similarly, using MAPE, ANN recorded 0.256438 while ANFIS-AN had 0.208324. Hence, ANFIS-AN’s performance is laudable, thus a better tool over ANN.

The aim of this article is to outline the important factor required towards effective Housing finance in Nigeria subject to the operations of the National Housing Fund Scheme. This is presented in a model in their hierarchical order of importance (Credit Policy, Banks’ Financial Structure and Land Accessibility). Data was obtained through questionnaire administration while a two-stage approach in partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was adopted to examine the appropriateness of hierarchical modelling. The findings indicate that the conceptual properties of Credit policy, Financial Structure and Land Accessibility matches with reflective-formative type of second order hierarchical component of the models. The study offers a wholistic understanding of the systematic factors required to aid the Housing finance system in the country. It gives insight to the government on what to consider for proper implementation of Housing finance system in the country, while offering an alternative avenue to researchers intending to introduce hierarchical component in modelling Housing Finance system in other countries.

Meagre discussion on the institutional property-rights structure essence has rudimentarily determined the POS governance and its quality. Thus, two objectives are highlighted; (i) to examine Sabah’s current practice (rights distribution) in urban-rural POS governance and (ii) explore the POS’ social dilemmas that tied in with such institution. Reviews of interdisciplinary analytic perspectives, content analysis on documents and semi-structured interviews were performed. The practice with diverse property-rights structure is indicatively perceived as “property-rights tragedies”, which ensue in sub-optimal POS and quality of life issues. Therefore, re-engineering of POS market via dynamic property-rights re-assignment is postulated as the panacea for improved wellbeing. Keywords: Diverse property-rights structure; POS governance; social dilemmas; quality of life. eISSN 2514-751X © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i10.314

The practice of providing property tax assessment incentives within the green building sector has been empirically documented to encourage the growth of green buildings. However, no definite and uniform basis has been adopted in the development of these incentive models. Additionally, these incentives require local authorities to bear the implementation costs. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to develop property tax assessment incentive models through the evaluation of their effects on the tax revenue of local authorities and the amount of tax imposed on properties for the taxpayers. There are two incentive models developed in this paper, namely the property tax assessment exemption model and the reduction model. Cost-Benefits analysis between the amount of tax assessment increment and the annual energy savings conveyed by the green envelope components were conducted to determine the appropriate percentage of reduction. Through the exemption model, local authorities do not experience any increment on their existing tax revenue, and taxpayers do not have an increased amount of tax imposed on their properties. However, through the reduction model, local authorities do experience a tax increment of $4 to $9 on their existing tax revenue. As for the taxpayers, annual energy savings conveyed by the green envelope components compensate the amount of their tax increment.

The complexity in housing affordability issue requires more consideration beyond mere economic viability. To increase life quality and well-being, the percentage of income spent on rent by individual household is essential for consideration. This study attempts to evaluate low income affordability level in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State Nigeria. A structures questionnaire was used to obtain data while analysis was done through Statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS). The outcome of the analysis indicated that a larger percentage of the targeted population spends above 30% of their monthly earnings on housing services. This relate with the benchmark set by several scholars, where authors maintained that a cost burden will exist where households spend above 30% on their housing services. This paper then concludes that majority of the dwellers in the study area experience a cost burden as they spend a large percentage of their monthly income on house rent. Hence this adversely affect their ability to meet other living expenses like medical bills, education, clothing, food and son on. Some recommendations are been suggested to improve the low-income housing affordability standard both within and outside the study area.

With numerous ecosystem services of urban green spaces (UGS), contributing to sustainability and a better quality of life, UGS provision is perceived as a pivotal role in urban planning. However, concern arises as to what extent local governments have effectively provided good quality and adequate quantity of UGS for the public? Provisioning those UGS aspects has been given a low priority due to insufficient resources and the limited budget allocated by local governments. As such, maintenance and management effectiveness of UGS is detrimentally affected, resulting in disused, overused spaces and thus hot spots for crimes. Therefore, public monetary contribution via taxation is suggested as an alternative to ensuring the continuity and sustainability of UGS services. This review paper is vital to identify and showcase specific factors and mediators, influencing the willingness to pay (WTP) of residents/users for UGS services. Methodologically, after conducting Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) for the purpose of article screening and selection based on the two primary databases (Google Scholar and Elsevier), this paper reviewed 18 journal articles, from the year 2013 to 2020. Along with the indirect sub-factors, namely environmental behaviour/attitude and socioeconomic profiles of users, there are three main spatial and non-spatial variables (factors) identified: (i) accessibility/proximity to the nearest UGS; (ii) quantity/adequacy of UGS; and (iii) quality of UGS within a township area, influencing satisfaction and enjoyment as well as reasons and frequency of park visiting of users (mediators), which consequently affect their WTP for UGS.

Water resource management at public university become a crucial issue when it was allied with water consumption among the students. It was due to an excessive water service charge faced by university and simultaneously effect on optimization of university’s cost. However, an initial effort to reduce the cost is by investigating the water consumption behavioural pattern among the students because there is incipient consensus that huge service charge was coming from student residents in hostel. Then, the management of water should also presumptuous that it is vital as an economic resource. Therefore, the aim of this research is to determine the water behavioural pattern of student residents at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). This research embarked quantitative approach to collect the data from students by distributing questionnaires for those who stayed at hostel in UTM. Descriptive statistics and Standard Deviation Ellipse (SDE) were used as methods to achieve the objective of this study. The findings are beneficial for facilities managers to gain knowledge underpinning water behavioural pattern in water daily usage in UTM as well as assists them to estimate the water potential saving at UTM in future.

Valuation is often said "an art and science". However, it is well known that valuation is more of an "art" than a “science” in which no two valuers could perhaps arrived at the same value. The disparities in the valuation variance pose a point of concern. This research attempts to identify the behavioural uncertainties during valuation decision making process. The finding reveals that there are six (6) elements of valuer's behavioural uncertainties, which include heuristic and bias, ethical conduct, client influence, valuer's experience and knowledge, availability and accuracy of market data, as well as negligence and professionalism.

High-impact floods have become a virtually annual experience in Malaysia, yet flood insurance has remained a grossly neglected part of comprehensive integrated flood risk management. Using discriminant analysis, this study seeks to identify the demand-side variables that best predict flood insurance purchase and risk aversion between two groups of residential homeowners in three districts of Johor State, Malaysia: those who purchased flood insurance and those who did not. Our results revealed an overall 34% purchase rate, with Kota Tinggi district having the highest (44%) and thus the highest degree of flood risk aversion. The Wilks' lambda F test for equality of group means, standardised discriminant function coefficients, structure correlation, and canonical correlation has clearly shown that there are strong significant attribute differences between the two groups of homeowners, based on the measures of objective flood risk exposure, subjective risk perception, and socio-economic cum demographic variables. However, the measures of subjective risk perception were found to be more predictive of flood insurance purchase and flood risk aversion.

Stratified residential property management, one of the sub-sectors of the real estate industry in Malaysia, has been facing the pressures as the awareness amongst buildings occupiers of effective management has increased. In line with recent literature on the increasing awareness of residents and the critically needs of effective property management, efforts are required to identify and clarify the critical activities and its attributes in managing the stratified residential properties that could effects the property management service delivery. This study used the partial least squares (PLS) and structural equation modeling (SEM) and followed by Importance-Performance Matrix Analysis (IPMA) to examine the 11 activities and their attributes. There were 11 activities and each of them consists of attributes that played as measurement variables that were believed could affect the property management. The IPMA results indicated that maintenance and financial is the key activities that critically affect the stratified residential property management service delivery. Interestingly, it is also found that tenancy & marketing negatively affect the property management service as tenancy and marketing services are not major services for the residential property. It is believed that an identification of the critical attributes for stratified residential property management will lead to more effective and efficient in service delivery

Minusculediscussion of research on institutional property-rights structurehasrudimentarilydetermined the POS governance (usage and management) and its quality. Thus, two objectives are highlighted; (i) to examine Sabah's current practice in urban-rural POS governance and (ii) explore the POS’ social dilemma that tied in with such institution. Reviews of interdisciplinary analytic perspectives,case study, documentsand content analysis on semi-structured interviews (governmental opinions)were performed. The practicewith diverse rights structureis perceived as property-rights tragedy by virtue of numerous predicaments, which ensue in sub-optimal POS and quality of life issues. Therefore, re-engineering of urban-rural POS market via dynamic property rights re-assignment and contractual governance are postulated as the panaceato internalise the externalities for improved life quality.

Nowadays, housing index not merely act as housing performance indicator but also been transformed into financial product that based on housing index. There are two issues to be considered in this paper which are temporal aggregation and seasonality problem in housing index. Seasonality appeared in time series when the price or index movement is repetitive around the trend line. If the housing index consists of seasonal effect it will mislead measurement on real housing performance based on economic situation. In other words, cyclical effect should be avoided in measuring housing performance. Temporal aggregation in constructing house price index may lead to missing information for certain periods and variability in house price is smooth. As a result, the evaluation on housing performance becomes unrealistic. In order to investigate these problems quality adjusted index will be developed by hedonic model based on Laspeyres, Paasche, Fisher and time dummy price index formula. The case study to be investigated is housing index of double storey houses in Plentong Johor. This study found that house price index that developed from different level of temporal aggregation will lead to different risk and return and seasonality effect is exist in house price index Plentong.

Securing flood insurance for real estate properties in flood-hit areas is rather uncertain under the Malaysian scenario. This study attempts to identify the demand-side factors of flood insurance in coastal residential areas, and to examine how these factors differentiate between two groups of respondents, namely flood insurance purchasers and non-purchasers, using discriminant analysis. Tests using Wilks' lambda, eigenvalues, canonical correlation, functions at group centroids, and classification accuracy have provided strong evidence of significant differences between the two groups based on physical exposure/susceptibility to flood, resilience/adaptive capacity to flood, and overall perception of vulnerability. The most important variables accounting for group differences were low-elevation house site, flood depth entering house, perception about high-priced flood insurance, and level of income. The likelihood of purchasing flood insurance increased with higher physical exposure/susceptibility and overall perception of vulnerability. Resilience/adaptive capacity to flood event also increased with higher levels of income and education.

This paper discusses real estate management and services related with space management. The discussion is then focused on space utilisation as a tool for measuring the performance of space management in higher education institutes (HEIs). The main objective of this paper is to investigate the use of space utilisation as a tool for measuring space performance. After identifying the method to be used for this research by using Participation Action Research (PAR). Data is collected through interviews and questionnaires for planned timetabling of rooms usage rather than fields survey. The data is then analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis is carried out. Results from the analysis show that UFO rates for Faculty of Geoinformation and Real Estate (FGRE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) is at poor and fair score. Furthermore, this paper also suggest that in order to increase the utilisation rate, the FGRE management team should consider the occupancy rate as it is the determining factor affecting the utilisation rate. Apart from the occupancy rate, the management team should also consider the space audit and strategic space planning in order to increase the utilisation rate.

Islamic Real Estate Investment Trusts (I-REITs) have been established to enhance the Islamic Capital Market. Almost 10 years of establishment of I-REITs, it is interesting to study the performance of this Islamic property investment vehicle because it is a potential and unique asset class that not fully explored. This paper examines the risk-adjusted performance analysis and correlation analysis between I-REITs in a mixed asset portfolio. The time period of study is from November 2008 to December 2014. I-REITs were compare in a mixed asset portfolio consists of shares and bonds. The results show that I-REITs outperform both shares market and bonds market. While I-REITs give high diversification benefits for the share and bond investors with low correlation between I-REITs, shares and bonds.

Malaysian government has introduce public low-cost housing during Malaysian Plan as an initiative to help the low-income household owners and squatters. However, in developing the low-cost housing, the quality and environmental aspects should be emphasized. Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) is an approach in assessing existing building performance and future development of buildings to ascertain feedback from occupants after the building has been occupied for some time. This paper determines the physical environment based on occupants preference by using the POE tools. Physical environment elements obtained through literature review consists of facilities, spaces and services offered in each housing unit. A sum of 13 physical environment elements were measured by 868 occupants in Johor’s Public Low-cost Housing. Convenience sampling technique was the method used to determine the adequacy of sample throughout data collection process, subsequently it has been analyzed using frequency and factor statistics. The study reveals that physical environment elements were playing the crucial role in every housing unit. However, dwelling unit features, housing conditions and location were mainly the highest preference amongst occupants. In fact, physical environment elements plays an entirely crucial role in developing occupant’s comfort and satisfaction. Nevertheless, a few physical elements that show the least preferable amongst occupant such as external utilities and services, management, lighting and ventilation need to be given more attention in order to create a better environment in the future.

This paper presents the development of a space utilization model to accommodate the increasing demand of academic spaces in higher education institutions (HEIs) as well as to overcome the lack of awareness, knowledge and skills towards space utilization. The model developed using interviews and focus group discussions. The system development life cycle (SDLC) model is adapted by applying data flow diagram (DFD) to establish the prototype of space utilization model. The model helps in providing better understanding and promoting space utilization in HEIs as well as further research for implementation purpose.

This study focuses on the development of stratified residential property management services framework by identifying and investigating the management services and their major attributes in providing a well-structured framework of property management service delivery. The methodology towards this study involves the intensive reading and review of various literatures on the subject title and a group discussion. A panel of experts drawn from industry provides advice and evaluates the identified services and attributes and framework development. Based on literature review and focus group discussion, a theoretical framework was developed. The framework was underpinned by eleven core activities and their major attributes that emerged from the research findings. These core activities and attributes have been identified both nationally and internationally as being crucial to the effective stratified residential property management service delivery.

This paper shares the factors that affect space utilization rate in the Malaysian public higher education institutions. The factors, which gathered through a qualitative study involving academics and practitioners are, people, place and process. This helps the Malaysian public universities to understand what they can afford to put forward in order to achieve higher space utilization. Besides, academics and practitioners are encouraged to explore how space utilization can be embraced as a tool in managing space, especially for public higher education institutionsina developing countryy such as Malaysia.

Malaysia's green building development is gaining momentum and green buildings have become a key focus area, especially within the commercial sector with the encouragement of government legislation and policy. Due to the emerging awareness among the market players' views of the benefits associated with the ownership of green buildings in Malaysia, there is a need for valuers to incorporate consideration of sustainability into their assessments of property market value to ensure the green buildings continue to increase in the market. This paper analyses the valuers' current perception on the valuation practices with regard to the green issues in Malaysia. The study was based on a survey of registered real estate valuers and the experts whose work related to valuation in the Klang Valley area to rate their view regarding the perception on valuation of green building. The findings present evidence that even though Malaysian valuers have limited knowledge of green buildings, they recognise the importance of incorporating the green features in the valuation process. The inclusion of incorporating the green features in valuations in practice was hindered by the inadequacy of sufficient transaction data in the market. Furthermore, valuers experienced difficulty in identifying what are the various input parameters of green building and how to adjust it in order to reflect the benefit of sustainability features correctly in the valuation process. This paper focuses on the present challenges confronted by Malaysian valuers with regards to incorporating the green features in their valuation., {"references":["Rahim, (2011). The Value of Going Green. Retrieved at\nwww.thestar.com.my.","Ellis, C. R. (2009). Who Pays for Green? The Economics of Sustainable\nBuildings..","Chua, S. C., & Oh, T. H. (2011). Green Progress and Prospect in\nMalaysia. 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Public universities’ budget constraint faces various challenges in maintaining their building facilities. A cost management solution in based on life-cycle cost through activity-based could provide the systematic approach in organizing, monitoring and analyzing process of facilities' maintenance costs. The aim of this paper is to determine the important facilities’ maintenance activities that should be included in an activity-based life-cycle cost process of public university building maintenance. Descriptive analysis is conducted in determining the important and non-important facilities' maintenance activities. By prioritizing activities through value added and non-value added maintenance activities, cost can be managed and controlled effectively.

The aim of this paper is to identify determinants of Malaysian real estate investment trust (REITs). By identifying the correct combination of these determinants, it able to assist the REITs companies to construct their property allocation strategy (PAS). However, studies on REITs’ performance in Malaysia showed few arguments on Malaysian REITs. Despite the evidence on potential for diversification, Malaysian REITs received inadequate response from institutional investors. Meanwhile the development of REITs in United States (US) started in early 1960s and it underwent significant cyclical performance and structure changes. Therefore, understanding of the literature review on the weaknesses and strengths of US REITs industry is essential. Furthermore, the lack of local study on these determinants, it is a research gap which can be explored in Malaysian REITs. The correct combination of determinants component contribute toward superior performance on REITs. Based on these reasons, REITs determinants that trigger the performance of Malaysian REITs warrant special attention and investigation. Through the literature review done on REITs determinants, this study manage to design the property allocation strategy for Malaysian. This beneficial for both REITs firm to construct their own PAS to maximize distribution as well as institutional investor to evaluate REITs investment. All in all, ramification of Malaysian REITs determinants helps to improve Malaysian REITs industry.

This paper examines the application of property market models in Malaysia. The aim is to determine the relevance, success and trend of models in explaining problems of the property market. The theoretical underpinning of the property market form the foundation of the property market model where models represent the real property market situation. Through the analysis on research applying property market models, this research evaluates the application of property market modelling in Malaysia. The SWOT analysis enables the identification of the problems and the advantages of applying models for understanding property market behaviour. Analysis of the strength, weakness, and issues suggests that the main strength lies on the ability of the models to provide an objective explanation to property market problems and its ability to link to other technological innovations, which are useful for resolving real estate problems. The Malaysian experience in this field is relatively new but nevertheless it has significant contribution towards the application of models in real estate research

This paper addresses the need to develop a Local Geospatial Data Infrastructure (LGDI) for sustainable urban development. This research will highlight the effective and efficient framework for the development of local infrastructure. This paper presents a framework (a combination of domain based and goal based frameworks) for developing a Local Geospatial Data Infrastructure. The basis of this research is on a case study conducted in a Malaysian city. The main focus of the case study was on measuring and assessing sustainability. Six conceptual frameworks were produced based on 6 key dimensions of sustainability. The developed framework consists of 6 conceptual data models and 6 conceptual data structures. It was concluded that 30 spatial data layers are needed of which 12 data layers are categorized as point shape, 17 data layers are categorized as polygon shape and 1 data layer as line shape category.

The development of sustainable buildings continues to gain momentum in Malaysia due to its many benefits. The Kuala Lumpur City Hall stipulated that the construction of every commercial building must meet the requirements of green features with at least ‘GBI Gold’ level or equivalent. With the growing interest in green development, questions were raised on whether there is enhancement to the market value of green-rated properties and vice-versa. As most of the commercial office buildings are used for functions and office spaces by most organisations, they are considered a service oriented entity and can significantly benefit from having sustainability attributes. Hence, green properties are considered to be more marketable and attractive for investment purpose. However, at present, the differences in rental rates in Malaysia between green and non-green commercial office buildings are rather small. The difference is more to supply and demand factors within the specific location rather than green features factor. Therefore, this paper hopes to highlight the possible impact of economics, the environment and social attributes on the value of commercial office building incorporating with the Russian-Doll model. The highlighted sustainable attributes will provide guidance and justification in valuing real estate incorporating sustainability.

Residential segregation could be regarded as a process whereby two or more distinct communities who formerly lived together separate from one another due to many factors. Residential segregation is not only applicable to small communities but rather to a larger region. As a result of the ongoing civil unrest that engulfed the city of Jos, there has been a process of residential mobility and relocation among people of different faith. The paper is aimed at examining the implication of intangible location attributes on residential mobility, segregation and relocation in Jos town. Stratified random sampling technique was employed in order to come up with the sample needed to conduct the research. The data needed for the research were retrieved through structured, semi-structured and unstructured interview method of data collection. A qualitative method and approach of data analysis through the use of a thematic network analysis was incorporated in order to analyse the data gotten from the interview survey. The results uncovered that residential segregation in the study area leads to change in the residential pattern of Jos town. The variations and trends in the sales and rental value of residential properties were greatly affected as a result of the persisting residential segregation. The research concludes that residential segregation has a great implication on land and landed property value as variations in the values of residential properties is noticeable. There is a need for those in authority to take a decisive action in order to overcome and halt the persisting mobility and relocation in the study area.

Nowadays, the indicators used to determine the real estate_s contribution to business activities in most organization are primarily focused on cost reduction or capital minimization. However, what is often not realized is that property can also assist revenue enhancement. This paper highlights the synthesis of previous studies from 1990 to 2010 in relation to the corporate real estate function. The considerations include the task of CRE executives that influence the shareholder_s wealth. The trends of the corporate real estate function are discussed. In summary, by recognizing the important of CRE function, it will provide the greatest support to CRE executives in public listed companies to enhance share price performance and dividend growth.

There have been a plethora of researches on the significance of public open space (POS) in contributing to societies' sustainability. However, by virtue of identified maladaptive policy-based-property rights structure, such a shared good becomes vulnerable to tragedy of the urban commons (overexploitation) that subsequently leads to burgeoning number of mismanaged POS e.g., degraded and unkempt urban public spaces. By scrutinising the literatures within property rights domain and commons resources, an objective is highlighted in this paper which is to insightfully discourse institutional property rights structure pertaining to the mechanism, roles and interrelationship between property-rights regimes, bundle of property rights and resource domains; types of goods on how they act upon and tie in the POS with the social quandary. In summary, urban POS tragedy can potentially be triggered by the institutional structure especially if the ownership is left under open-access resource regime and ill-defined property rights which both successively constitute the natures of Common Pool Resource (CPR) within the commons, POS. Therefore, this paper sparks an idea to policy makers that property rights structure is a determinant in sustainably governing the POS in which adaptive assignment of property regimes and property rights are impelled.

Various measures were undertaken to internalize the state-owned common pool resource (CPR) based public open space’s (POS) externalities which arisen from the perennial commons’ dilemmas, yet, to date, not a single adaptive governance strategy has been discovered. Thus, a review of trans-disciplinary analytic perspectives is required, which thereof, highlights the objective of the paper i.e., to propose Ostrom’s common-property-based self-organizing eight design principles by examining how can they be adaptably applied in governing the residential commons, POS (particularly landed property) in the Malaysian context. Two study areas: states of Sabah and Selangor, of different institutional POS governance, were a priori fleshed out. Succinctly, Ostrom’s principles are basic, insightful, well-defined, organized, and widely-applicable, which have enabled us to consent that there is certainly a void for both states to adapt her oeuvre as a dynamic panacea in POS governance. This paper infers that Ostrom’s principles are a means to improve the status quo of POS’ quality (as POS rejuvenation) which postulates stakeholders to reckon it as a new paradigm in the urban design and planning perspective

Facilities management has been broadly defined by many authors,which each group and individual try to interpret the meaning of facilities to their own understanding and professionalism. In most definitions of facilities management, the importance of space or place always being highlighted as one of the aspects that affects the physical workplace with the people and work organisation. The study explores the process of developing a space management conceptual framework for higher-education institution.

This paper examines an assessments of physical environment elements in public low-cost housing focusing amongst occupants in Johor Bahru consists of facilities, spaces and services offered in each housing unit. The data of study was obtained through questionnaire involved a sum of 868 occupants using convenience sampling. The collected data was analyzed using quantitative approaches, including frequency analysis and relative important index (RII). The study reveals that physical environment elements were the crucial role in every housing unit. However, safety, security and health, utilities, privacy and location were mainly the highest concern amongst occupants towrads the physical environment. In fact, physical environment elements plays crucial role in developing occupant’s comfort and satisfaction. Nevertheless, a few physical elements show least preferable amongst occupant such as temperature and humidity, aesthetic and noise, yet it also need to give much attention in order to form a better quality of environment.