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Biologically active compounds are highly sought‐after materials for developing novel structures applicable to industry. Cytosine and pyridine‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid (quinolinic acid) are notably significant environmentally. Cytosine, a pyrimidine derivative, features a six‐membered ring with a ketone and an amino group, constituting a fundamental nitrogenous base found in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The present synthesis yielded a salt of dipyridine‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid with cytosine, wherein a proton was transferred from a carboxyl group of quinolinic acid to a ring N atom in the cytosine molecule giving the salt 6‐amino‐2‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydropyrimidin‐1‐ium 3‐carboxypyridine‐2‐carboxylate, C4H6N3O+·C7H4NO4−. A Hirshfeld surface analysis was conducted to examine the contribution of contacts within the salt. The structure of the salt was compared to other structures containing quinolinic acid in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A quinoxaline‐based ligand, 6,7‐dimethyl‐2,3‐di(2‐pyridyl)quinoxaline (Me2dpq), and its unique binuclear Co(II)‐Me2dpq complex were prepared and analyzed using single crystal X‐ray diffraction and several spectroscopy techniques. Hirshfeld surface analyses were also used to clarify the Me2dpq ligand and the Co(II)‐Me2dpq crystal packing. The Co(II)‐Me2dpq complex crystallized in triclinic P‐1 space group and exhibited a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry around the cobalt(II) ion. Each Co(II) ion coordinated to a Me2dpq ligand through two N donor centers from pyridyl and quinoxaline rings along with a terminal Cl and two bridged Cl atoms. The binding properties of the ligand and its complex with CT‐DNA were studied by several techniques, namely UV–Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence quenching, viscosity measurements, thermal denaturation, and gel electrophoresis. The CT‐DNA binding interaction tests demonstrated that both the Co(II)‐Me2dpq complex and its parent ligand bind to DNA in an intercalative way. The antioxidant studies of the novel Co(II)‐Me2dpq complex illustrated significant activity against DPPH• and OH•· radicals. The in vitro cytotoxic effect of Me2dpq ligand and its Co(II)‐complex on MCF‐7 and Hep‐G2 tumor cell lines was evaluated by using the MTT assay. The studies showed that the Co(II)‐Me2dpq complex had superior activity toward the tested cell lines. Molecular docking studies of synthesized compounds were employed to figure out the way they would associate with a biologically macromolecular target B‐DNA (PDB: 1BNA). Thus, this study is anticipated to provide novel opportunities for the successful utilization of the synthesized compounds in many medical domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detailed structural and computational studies of 2-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazineylidene)-2-phenylacetaldehyde oxime (1), using the DFT and molecular docking computations, are reported. The molecular structure of 1 is stabilized by a O–H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bond between the phenolic OH hydrogen atom and the nearest hydrazineylidene nitrogen atom, yielding a six-membered noncovalent ring, which, in turn, was found to be highly aromatic. Intermolecular O–H⋅⋅⋅N and C–H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bonds between molecules of 1 produce a 1D supramolecular polymeric chain of the zig-zag type. These chains are linked into a 2D supramolecular layer due to reciprocal π⋅⋅⋅π interactions formed between the phenylene and six-membered noncovalent rings. The reciprocal H⋅⋅⋅X (X = H, C, N, O) and C⋅⋅⋅Y (Y = C, N) contacts are the most prominent contributors to the crystal packing. The optimized molecule of 1 is a pronounced electrophile with the most nucleophilic sites found on the phenolic oxygen atom, oxime oxygen and nitrogen atoms, and one of the hydrazineylidene nitrogen atoms, while the oxime OH and some of the phenylene hydrogen atoms were revealed as the most eletrophilic sites. The discussed compound was found to be active against all the studied herein SARS-CoV-2 proteins. The best results were revealed against Papain-like protease (PLpro), nonstructural protein 14 (Nsp14_N7-MTase), and nonstructural protein 3 (Nsp3_range 207–379-MES), with the calculated ligand efficiency scores for complex PLpro–1 being within the recommended ranges for a Hit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research was conducted to assess the in silico and in vitro potential of the heterocyclic Schiff base compound (E)-1-(5-nitrothiophen-2-yl)-N-(2- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl) methanimine (N2TPM). This Schiff base was synthesized according to the reported method using ethanol as solvent, and the reaction was monitored on TLC till completion of the reaction. The compound structure was elucidated using spectroscopic techniques such as UV/Vis, FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. Molecular structure was determined using a single XRD, which revealed that the compound was triclinic. Analysis of intermolecular interactions in crystalline compounds was performed using Hirshfeld surface analysis and 2D fingerprint plots. The structure of the compound was optimized using the B3LYP hybrid functional with the basis set 6-31G (d,p). The compound’s theoretical and experimental parameters (bond length, bond angle, molecular orbital energies, electronic transitions, and vibration frequencies) were compared with each other which are in close agreement. R² values were found to be 0.9914 for bond lengths and 0.9859 for bond angles. In vitro, esterase potential of the synthesized compound was checked using a spectrophotometric model, while in silico molecular docking studies were performed with Auto-dock against two enzymes of the esterase family. The docking studies and in vitro assessment predicted that such molecules could be used as enzyme inhibitors against tested enzymes; acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and butyrylcholine esterase (BChE). the compound showed a binding score of -10.4159, a binding energy of -10.2743 with AChE, a binding score of -10.3378 and a binding energy of -9.8889 with BChE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, [Sn(C6H5)Cl3(C12H8N2)], which was obtained by the reaction between 1,10-phenanthroline and phenyltin trichloride in methanol, exhibits intramolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions involving the chlorine and hydrogen atoms. Crystal cohesion is ensured by intermolecular C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, as well as Y—X...π and π-stacking interactions involving three different aromatic rings with centroid–centroid distances of 3.6605 (13), 3.9327 (14) and 3.6938 (12) A˚ ]. Hirshfeld surface analysis and the associated two-dimensional fingerprint plots reveal significant contributions from H...H (30.7%), Cl...H/H...Cl (32.4%), and C...H/H...C (24.0%) contacts to the crystal packing while the C...C (6.2%), C...Cl/Cl...C (4.1%), and N...H/ H...N (1.7%) interactions make smaller contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The asymmetric unit of the title salt, C7H8N3 + ·C7H5O6S- comprises two 1,3- dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-iminium cations and two 2-hydroxy-5-sulfobenzoate anions (Z' = 2). In the crystal, the molecules interact through N—H...O, O—H...O hydrogen bonds and C—O...π contacts. The hydrogen bonding interactions lead to the formation of layers parallel to (101). Hirshfield surface analysis revealed that H...H contacts contribute to most of the crystal packing with 38.9%, followed by H...O contacts with 36.2% [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two molecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C23H24N2O2S, have a structural overlap with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.82 Å. The piperidine rings adopt a distorted boat conformation. Intra- and intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds are responsible for the cohesion of the crystal packing. The intermolecular interactions were quantified and analysed using Hirshfeld surface analysis. The molecular structure optimized by density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6–311++G(d,p) level is compared with the experimentally determined molecular structure in the solid state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crystal structure of the title compound C20H17NO2S features hydrogenbonding and C—H...π interactions. Hirshfeld surface analysis revealed that H...H, C...H/H...C and O...H/H...O interactions make a major contribution to the crystal packing. Docking studies were carried out to determine the binding affinity and interaction profile of the title compound with EGFR kinase, a member of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases, which is crucial for processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation. The title compound shows a strong binding affinity with EGFR kinase, with the most favourable conformation having a binding energy of 8.27 kcal mol 1 and a predicted IC50 of 870.34 nM, indicating its potential as a promising candidate for targeted lung cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the racemic title compound, C28H30O2, the naphthyl ring systems subtend a dihedral angle of 68.59 (1)° and the molecular conformation is consolidated by a pair of intramolecular C—H...π contacts. The crystal packing features a weak C—H...π contact and van der Waals forces. A Hirshfeld surface analysis of the crystal structure reveals that the most significant contributions are from H...H (73.2%) and C...H/H...C (21.2%) contacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, (C9H8NO)[CuCl3(C7H5NO4)]·2H2O, was prepared by reacting CuII acetate dihydrate, solid 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ), and solid pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (H2pydc), in a 1:1:1 molar ratio, in an aqueous solution of dilute hydrochloric acid. The CuII atom exhibits a distorted CuO2NCl3 octahedral geometry, coordinating two oxygen atoms and one nitrogen atom from the tridentate H2pydc ligand and three chloride atoms; the nitrogen atom and one chloride atom occupy the axial positions with Cu—N and Cu—Cl bond lengths of 2.011 (2) A˚ and 2.2067 (9) A˚, respectively. In the equatorial plane, the oxygen and chloride atoms are arranged in a cis configuration, with Cu—O bond lengths of 2.366 (2) and 2.424 (2) A˚, and Cu—Cl bond lengths of 2.4190 (10) and 2.3688 (11) A˚ . The asymmetric unit contains 8- HQ+ as a counter-ion and two uncoordinated water molecules. The crystal structure features strong O—H...O and O—H...Cl hydrogen bonds as well as weak interactions including C—H...O, C—H...Cl, Cu—Cl...π, and π–π, which result in a three-dimensional network. A Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contributions to the crystal packing involving the main residues are from H...Cl/Cl...H interactions, contributing 40.3% for the anion. Weak H...H contacts contribute 13.2% for the cation and 28.6% for the anion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new three‐dimensional (3D) coordination polymer, namely, poly[diaqua[μ5‐2,2′‐(1,3,5,7‐tetraoxo‐1,2,3,5,6,7‐hexahydropyrrolo[3,4‐f]isoindole‐2,6‐diyl)diacetato]barium(II)], [Ba(C14H6N2O8)(H2O)2]n, (I), has been synthesized by the microwave‐irradiated reaction of Ba(NO3)2 with N,N′‐bis(glycinyl)pyromellitic diimide {BGPD, namely, 2,2′‐(1,3,5,7‐tetraoxo‐1,2,3,5,6,7‐hexahydropyrrolo[3,4‐f]isoindole‐2,6‐diyl)diacetatic acid, H2L}. The title compound was structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and powder X‐ray diffraction analysis, as well as IR spectroscopy. In the crystal structure of (I), the BaII ion is nine‐coordinated by six carboxylate O atoms from five symmetry‐related L2− dianions and one imide O atom, as well as two water O atoms. The coordination geometry of the central BaII ion can be described as a spherical capped square antiprism. One carboxylate group of the ligand serves as a μ3‐bridge linking the BaII cations into a one‐dimensional polynuclear secondary building unit (SBU). Another carboxylate group of the ligand acts as a μ2‐bridge connecting the 1D SBUs, thereby forming a two‐dimensional (2D) SBU. The resulting 2D SBUs are extended into a 3D framework via the pyromellitic diimide moiety of the ligand as a spacer. The 3D Ba framework can be simplified as a 5‐connected hexagonal boron nitride net (bnn) topology. The intermolecular interactions in the 3D framework were further investigated by Hirshfeld surface analysis and the results show that the prominent interactions are H...O (45.1%), Ba...O (11.1%) and C...H (11.1%), as well as H...H (11.1%) contacts. The thermal stability, photoluminescence properties and UV–Vis absorption spectra of (I) were also investigated. The coordination polymer exhibits a fluorescence emission with a quantum yield of 0.071 and high thermal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe quantum chemical properties of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural were investigated using Density Functional Theory alongside vibrational spectroscopy. Key outcomes included optimizing molecular structure, vibrational frequencies, and various molecular parameters. By comparing DFT results with experimental infrared spectra, molecular motion was clarified. Reactive sites were identified through Molecular Electrostatic Potential and Fukui function analyses. Hirshfeld surface analysis revealed insights into the crystal structure’s intermolecular interactions and hydrogen bonding. Time-dependent Density Functional Theory combined with the Polarizable Continuum Model provided Ultraviolet spectra, highlighting charge transfer between the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals. The compound’s electronegativity (4.7239) and electron affinity were assessed. Biological studies, including drug-likeness evaluations and molecular docking, also demonstrated potential physiological benefits, mainly through the compound’s low binding energy. A 100-nanosecond molecular dynamics simulation of the 5-HMF-4LB4 complex revealed its stability and dynamic behavior through analyses of Root Mean Square Deviation, Root Mean Square Fluctuation, hydrogen bonding, Solvent Accessible Surface Area, and radius of gyration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel nickel(II) ethylenediamine compound, [Ni(en)3](2-chlorophenylacetate)2, has been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques (UV-vis, FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis, magnetic moment, molar conductivity measurement, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The complex crystallizes in a triclinic crystal system with P 1 ¯ space group with cell dimensions of a = 8.9050(2), b = 12.5620(4), c = 14.0590(4) Å, α = 102.259(2)°, β = 107.172(2)°, and γ = 106.914(2)°. The complex consists of [Ni(en)3]2+ as the cationic part and two discrete 2-chlorophenylacetate ions as anionic counterparts divulging the existence of a second sphere complex with distorted octahedral geometry. Besides electrostatic forces of attraction, non-covalent interactions (hydrogen bonding and C-H...π) sew the second sphere in extended three-dimensional supramolecular architecture and provide robustness to the crystal lattice. Field electron scanning microscope (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectra (EDX) were employed to study the surface morphology of the structure. To explore the structural insights and bonding in the complex theoretical studies, i.e., density functional theory (DFT) and Hirshfeld surface analysis have also been employed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cobalt (II) mononuclear complex was synthesized by two-nitrobenzoic acid and pyrazine-two- carboxamide ligands in the presence of sodium bicarbonate and aqueous solution of cobalt acetate tetrahydrate. The synthesized cobalt(II) complex was characterized by single crystal X-rays diffraction. The coordination geometry of the cobalt complex was octahedral with water molecules occupying the axial sites. A lot of intermolecular interactions were in response to stabilize the supramolecular assembly which were inspected by Hirshfeld surface analysis. Enrichment ratios were calculated to find the pair of atoms having the highest propensity to form crystal packing interactions. Void analysis was conducted to forecast how the crystal would respond to applied stress. Interaction energy calculations were carried out using the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) electron density model to identify which energy types most significantly contributed to the supramolecular assembly. Moreover, the energy data obtained from DFT calculations showed an average level of stability of the molecule. The moderate HOMO-LUMO energy gap suggested reactivity, while a high electrophilicity index indicates a strong tendency for electron-accepting reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 4-(4-pyridinyl)thiazole-2-thiol (HPTT) molecule with biological activities is a sulfur-containing organic ligand. Here, one new sulfur-containing coordination polymer based on HPTT and potassium thiocyanate (KSCN), namely, {[Cd(PTT)(HPTT)(SCN)}n, has been synthesized and characterized by physicochemical methods. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal the compound crystallizes in a monoclinic P21/n space group and features a one-dimensional line structure. The crystal structure is stabilized through intramolecular C–H···N and C–H···S hydrogen bonds and intermolecular N–H···N, C–H···π, and π⋯π interactions, generating a two-dimensional supramolecular layer structure. The interactions are also analyzed using Hirshfeld surface analysis. Moreover, the compound shows a relatively thermal stability and solid-state photoluminescence at room temperature.One new sulfur-containing coordination polymer based on 4-(4-pyridinyl)thiazole-2-thiol and potassium thiocyanate has been synthesized and characterized. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal the compound crystallizes in a monoclinic P21/n space group and features a one-dimensional line structure. The crystal structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonds and π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions, generating a two-dimensional supramolecular layer structure. The interactions are also analyzed using Hirshfeld surface analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractSynthesis of 2-Phenyl imidazole derivative has been carried out for the studies of quantitative non-covalent interactions and anti-inflammatory activity. Hirshfeld surface analysis, crystal structure, and non-covalent interaction computation have all been used to do quantitative investigations of non-covalent interactions. The intermolecular interactions calculations have been done with crystalexplorer 17. Further, anti-inflammatory activities of synthesized molecules were evaluated by molecular docking studies through autodock vina and in-vivo studies through carrageenan rat model. The molecular docking and in-vivo studies revealed that all molecules have shown significant anti-inflammatory activity, compared to standard drugs nimesulide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, [Cd(C14H16N3S)Cl] or [CdLCl] (1), where LH = 2-[bis­(pyridin-2-ylmeth­yl)amino]­ethane-1-thiol, was prepared and structurally characterized. The Cd2+ complex crystallizes in P21/c with a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal metal coordination geometry. Supra­molecular inter­actions in 1 include parallel offset face-to-face inter­actions between inversion-related pyridyl rings and potential hydrogen bonds with chlorine or sulfur as the acceptor. Additional cooperative pyrid­yl-pyridyl inter­actions with roughly 45° tilt angles and centroid-centroid distances of less than 5.5 Å likely also contribute to the overall solid-state stability. Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that H⋯H (51.2%), Cl⋯H/H⋯Cl (13.9%), C⋯H/H⋯C (12.3%) and S⋯H/H⋯S (11.8%) inter­actions are dominant in the solid state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis and crystal structure of benzyl 4-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate are described. Single crystal X-ray diffraction of title molecule was used to investigate the crystal structure. The most stable optimised structure was identified using the B3LYP/6-31 + G(d) method. IR, 1H-NMR and elemental analysis of the title compound were performed. Besides, frontier molecular orbitals, molecular electrostatic potential, and thermodynamic properties were investigated by theoretically. In order to explore the nonlinear optical properties were performed theoretically. Hirshfeld analysis was also performed to determine the interactions of the molecule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, (C9H8NO)[CuCl3(C7H5NO4)]·2H2O, was prepared by reacting CuII acetate dihydrate, solid 8-hy­droxy­quinoline (8-HQ), and solid pyridine-2,6-di­carb­oxy­lic acid (H2pydc), in a 1:1:1 molar ratio, in an aqueous solution of dilute hydro­chloric acid. The CuII atom exhibits a distorted CuO2NCl3 octa­hedral geometry, coordinating two oxygen atoms and one nitro­gen atom from the tridentate H2pydc ligand and three chloride atoms; the nitro­gen atom and one chloride atom occupy the axial positions with Cu--N and Cu--Cl bond lengths of 2.011 (2) Å and 2.2067 (9) Å, respectively. In the equatorial plane, the oxygen and chloride atoms are arranged in a cis configuration, with Cu--O bond lengths of 2.366 (2) and 2.424 (2) Å, and Cu--Cl bond lengths of 2.4190 (10) and 2.3688 (11) Å. The asymmetric unit contains 8-HQ+ as a counter-ion and two uncoordinated water mol­ecules. The crystal structure features strong O--H⋯O and O--H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds as well as weak inter­actions including C--H⋯O, C--H⋯Cl, Cu--Cl⋯π, and π-π, which result in a three-dimensional network. A Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contributions to the crystal packing involving the main residues are from H⋯Cl/Cl⋯H inter­actions, contributing 40.3% for the anion. Weak H⋯H contacts contribute 13.2% for the cation and 28.6% for the anion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, [Sn(C6H5)Cl3(C12H8N2)], which was obtained by the reaction between 1,10-phenanthroline and phenyl­tin trichloride in methanol, exhibits intra­molecular hydrogen-bonding inter­actions involving the chlorine and hydrogen atoms. Crystal cohesion is ensured by inter­molecular C--H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, as well as Y--X⋯π and π-stacking inter­actions involving three different aromatic rings with centroid-centroid distances of 3.6605 (13), 3.9327 (14) and 3.6938 (12) Å]. Hirshfeld surface analysis and the associated two-dimensional fingerprint plots reveal significant contributions from H⋯H (30.7%), Cl⋯H/H⋯Cl (32.4%), and C⋯H/H⋯C (24.0%) contacts to the crystal packing while the C⋯C (6.2%), C⋯Cl/Cl⋯C (4.1%), and N⋯H/H⋯N (1.7%) inter­actions make smaller contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crystal structures of two coordination compounds, (acetato‐κO)(2,2′‐bipyridine‐κ2N,N′)(1,10‐phenanthroline‐κ2N,N′)copper(II) acetate hexahydrate, [Cu(C2H3O2)(C10H8N2)(C12H8N2)](C2H3O2)·6H2O or [Cu(bipy)(phen)Ac]Ac·6H2O, and (acetato‐κO)bis(2,2′‐bipyridine‐κ2N,N′)copper(II) acetate–acetic acid–water (1/1/3), [Cu(C2H3O2)(C10H8N2)2](C2H3O2)·C2H4O2·3H2O or [Cu(bipy)2Ac]Ac·HAc·3H2O, are reported and compared with the previously published structure of [Cu(phen)2Ac]Ac·7H2O (phen is 1,10‐phenanthroline, bipy for 2,2′‐bipyridine, ac is acetate and Hac is acetic acid). The geometry around the metal centre is pentacoordinated, but highly distorted in all three cases. The coordination number and the geometric distortion are both discussed in detail, and all complexes belong to the space group P. The analysis of the geometric parameters and the Hirshfeld surface properties dnorm and curvedness provide information about the metal–ligand interactions in these complexes and allow comparison with similar systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the course of exploring crystallization conditions in generating metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for use in the crystalline sponge method, two discrete metal–organic complexes, namely, aqua[2,4,6‐tris(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine]zinc(II) bromide, [Zn(C18H12N6)(H2O)]Br2, and aqua[2,4,6‐tris(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine]zinc(II) chloride, [Zn(C18H12N6)(H2O)]Cl2, were encountered. Structures in the orthorhombic space group Pnma (No. 62) for the bromide congener at 299 K and the chloride congener at 100 K were obtained. A phase transition for the bromide congener occurred upon cooling from 299 to 100 K, yielding a crystal polymorph with four domains that exhibits monoclinic P21/m space‐group symmetry (No. 11), which arises from conformational changes. The main intramolecular contacts that contribute to the crystal packing in all observed structures are H...H, Halide...H/H...Halide, C...H/H...C, and N...H/H...N. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the Zn‐bound water and non‐Zn‐bound pyridyl N atoms is a prominent feature within the three‐dimensional networks. Aromatic π‐stacking between the non‐Zn‐bound pyridine rings and contacts involving the halide ligands further stabilize the crystal packing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the synthesis and structural characterization of a novel azide-bridged polymeric manganese (III) Schiff base complex, using 2-((allylimino)methyl)-6-ethoxyphenol as a ligand. The crystal structure of the synthesized compound, elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, indicates that it crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c. The complex is found to display an octahedral geometry in which the central manganese Mn(III) coordinates with two bidentate donor Schiff base ligands via oxygen and nitrogen atoms. In addition, the metallic centers are linked together to form a one-dimensional chain bridged by end-to-end azide ligands. To offer a more thorough characterization of the synthesized compound, the study incorporates experimental data from FT-IR, UV-Vis, and cyclic voltammetry, alongside computational results from Hirshfeld surface analysis and DFT calculations conducted for both the ligand and complex. The computational analyses provided valuable insights into the intrachain and interchain interactions within the crystal structure, clarified the conformational characteristics of the isolated ligand molecule, and aided in the interpretation of the experimental IR spectra. Furthermore, an assessment of the compound's drug-like properties was conducted using activity spectra for substances (PASS) predictions, revealing potential pharmacological activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A zinc complex [Zn2 (Hbppc)(bppc)Cl3]·0. 5H2 O was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions using 4-(2,6-di(pyrazin-2-yl)pyridine-4-yl)-benzoic acid (Hbppc) as ligand and ZnCl2 as metal source. The complex was characterized by SXRD, PXRD, IR, FT-IR, etc. X-ray single crystal diffraction shows that the complex crystallized in the orthorhombic, Pbca space group, with a zero-dimensional structure. Moreover, the complex has a two-nuclear structure, and the binuclear units are further connected by hydrogen bonds to form 2D supramolecular network structure. Hirshfeld surface analysis of the complex was performed by Crystal Explorer 21. In addition, fluorescence analysis of ligands and the complex were performed, and the results show that the fluorescence of the complex is significantly enhanced compared with that of the free ligand. Gaussianview 5. 0 and Gaussian 09W were used to calculate the frontier molecular orbital energy of ligand and complex, and to explore the mechanism of fluorescence enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the title compound, C33H29ClN2O2, the two piperidine rings of the diazabicyclo moiety adopt distorted-chair conformations. Intermolecular C—H⋯π interactions are mainly responsible for the crystal packing. The intermolecular interactions were quantified and analysed using Hirshfeld surface analysis, revealing that H⋯H interactions contribute most to the crystal packing (52.3%). The molecular structure was further optimized by density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6–31 G(d,p) level and is compared with the experimentally determined molecular structure in the solid state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, bis[μ-2,2′-(4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diyl)diacetato]bis[diaquacopper(II)] dihydrate, [Cu2(C6H5N3O4)2(H2O)4]·2H2O, is a dinuclear octahedral CuII triazole-based complex. The central copper atoms are hexa-coordinated by two nitrogen atoms in the equatorial positions, two equatorial oxygen atoms of two carboxylate substituents in position 3 and 5 of the 1,2,4-triazole ring, and two axial oxygen atoms of two water molecules. Two additional solvent water molecules are linked to the title molecule by O—H⋯N and O⋯H—O hydrogen bonds. The crystal structure is built up from the parallel packing of discrete supramolecular chains running along the a-axis direction. Hirshfeld surface analysis suggests that the most important contributions to the surface contacts are from H⋯O/O⋯H (53.5%), H⋯H (28.1%), O⋯O (6.3%) and H⋯C/C⋯H (6.2%) interactions. The crystal studied was twinned by a twofold rotation around [100]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the synthesis, characterization and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 1-[6-bromo-2-(3-bromophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-2-one, C19H18Br2N2O. In the title compound, the pyrrolidine ring adopts a distorted envelope configuration. In the crystal, molecules are linked by intermolecular N—H⋯O, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. In addition, pairs of molecules along the c axis are connected by C—H⋯π interactions. According to a Hirshfeld surface study, H⋯H (36.9%), Br⋯H/H⋯Br (28.2%) and C⋯H/H⋯C (24.3%) interactions are the most significant contributors to the crystal packing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the synthesis, characterization and Hirshfeld surface analysis of the title mononuclear complex, [PdCl2(C12H14N4)]·C3H7NO. The compound crystalizes in the P21/c space group of the monoclinic system. The asymmetric unit contains one neutral complex Pd(HLc-Pe)Cl2 [HLc-Pe is 2-(3-cyclopentyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)pyridine] and one molecule of DMF as a solvate. The Pd atom has a square-planar coordination. In the crystal, molecules are linked by intermolecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to the bc plane. A Hirshfeld surface analysis showed that the H⋯H contacts dominate the crystal packing with a contribution of 41.4%. The contribution of the N⋯H/H⋯N and H⋯O/O⋯H interactions is somewhat smaller, amounting to 12.4% and 5%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bis-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium] Oxalate ethanol solvate crystal has been isolated from slow solvent evaporation method and the structure was characterized by FT-IR, NMR and Single crystal XRD. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P 1 ¯ with a = 7.7925(16), b = 10.716(3), c = 13.952(3), α = 106.545(5), β = 97.514(5), γ = 110.152(5), V = 1014.0(4) Å3 and Z = 1. The single crystal X-ray data of the compound confirms two proton transfers from an oxalic acid to the pyrimidine-type-nitrogen of two separate imidazole rings. The structure and symmetry of the Imidazolium Oxalate is dictated by N–H⋯O and O–H⋯O hydrogen bonding interactions and are confirmed by hydrogen bonding analysis and hirshfeld surface analysis. The partial double bond character in the imidazolium ring confirms delocalization across the molecular framework. The partial double bond character of the C–O bonds also confirms delocalization in the oxalate anion. The crystal is 3-dimensional structure, with crystal growth in all the crystallographic axis. Computational analysis [DFT, B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)] reveals close correlation of the constrained optimized structure with the experimental data. Imidazolium oxalate crystal form by the protonation of Imidazole compound and complex formation with oxalate ion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three crystalline organic salts (melamine)2: (itaconic acid): 3H2O [(Hmem)22+·(itca2−)·(H2O)3, itca2− = itaconate] (1), (melamine)2:(2-bromo-but-2-enedioic acid):DMF:2H2O [(Hmem+)2·(bbda2−)·DMF·(H2O)2, bbda2− = 2-bromo-but-2-enedioate] (2) and (melamine):(α-ketoglutaric acid) [(Hmem+)·(Hketglua−), Hketglua− = hydrogen α-ketoglutarate] (3) were featured by X-ray diffraction analysis, IR, mp, and elemental analysis. Significant non-covalent interactions were calculated by means of the Hirshfeld surface analysis. All salts involve extensive N–H···OH-bonds as well as other non-covalent associations. The melamine polymers/dimers were set up at 1–2/3 by the pair of complmentary N–H···NH-bonds. The role of these non-covalent interactions in the crystal packing is ascertained. These weak interactions combined, all salts exhibited 3D framework motifs. The crystal structures of the salts from melamine, itaconic acid, 2-bromo-but-2-enedioic acid and α-ketoglutaric acid are predominantly stabilized by the classical hydrogen bonds as well as CH2···O, CH3···O, Br···Br, C···C, O···C, and π···π interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using 4-carboxyl-1-(3-carboxybenzyl) pyridinium chloride (H2LCl) as the organic ligand, a new complex {[Cd2(L)2Cl2(H2O)4]·3H2O} was self-assembled at room temperature with Cd2+ through ambient temperature volatilization. The structure and properties of the complex 1 were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, Hirshfeld surface and two-dimensional fingerprint, powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and solid-state fluorescence. The study showed that the complex crystallized in the monoclinic P21/c space group, with two Cd2+ metal centers connected by fully deprotonated ligands, forming two mirror-symmetrical "S" shaped double-chain structures. The rich intermolecular forces such as H…H and O…H helped the complex form a stable three-dimensional supramolecular structure. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the complex had a good thermal stability. In addition, room temperature fluorescence testing showed that the complex 1 also had a good fluorescence emission ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The present work describes the facile, fast and economic base‐catalyzed acylation of benzenediols with vinyl acetate. The Hirshfeld surface analysis of benzene‐1,4‐diol O,O′‐diacetate is also described. NaOH, KOH and K2CO3 were the bases used for the catalysis of the acylation of benzene‐1,x‐diols (x = 2, 3, 4) with vinyl acetate to obtain the corresponding O,O′‐diacetyl derivatives. RESULTS: The yields were quite good, up to 99% under solvent‐free conditions. This method represents an alternative 'green' process for the preparation of O‐acetyl derivatives of hydroxyaryls. The benzene‐1,4‐diol O,O′‐diacetate crystal structure was obtained and described using Hirshfeld surface analysis. A noticeable contribution of the C⋯H contacts is shown (16.7%), despite the insignificant area of the Hirshfeld surface occupied by the carbon atoms (9.4%). By using two‐dimensional fingerprint plots, it was proved that C⋯H contacts were due to the presence of π‐stacking. The O⋯H contacts (41.4%) were the most numerous ones, relating mainly to typical hydrogen bonds (de + di ≈ 2.6 Å). The high saturation of the C⋯H and O⋯H contacts (enrichment ratios (E) = 1.30 and 1.36, respectively), despite their smaller contribution to the overall surface as compared to the H⋯H contacts (E = 0.84), is shown. CONCLUSION: The novelty of this work is the development of a method based on an inexpensive, safe and easy‐to‐use catalyst (K2CO3). This method is fast with high yields. Besides, it may be used for acylation at an industrial scale. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structures of the title compounds 2-hydroxy-N′-methylacetohydrazide, 1, and 2-hydroxy-N-methylacetohydrazide, 2, both C3H8N2O2, as regioisomers differ in the position of the methyl group relative to the N atoms in 2-hydroxy-acetohydrazide. In the structure of 1, the 2-hydroxy-acetohydrazide core [OH—C—C(=O)—NH—NH] is almost planar and the methyl group is rotated relative to this plane. As opposed to 1, in the structure of 2 all non-hydrogen atoms lie in the same plane. The hydroxyl and carbonyl groups in structures 1 and 2 are in trans and cis positions, respectively. The methyl amino group and carbonyl group are in the cis position relative to the C—N bond in structure 1, while the amino group and carbonyl group are in the trans position relative to the C—N bond in stucture 2. In the crystal, molecules of 1 are linked by N—H...O and O—H...N intermolecular hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to the ab crystallographic plane. A Hirshfeld surface analysis showed that the H...H contacts dominate the crystal packing with a contribution of 55.3%. The contribution of the H...O/O...H interaction is somewhat smaller, amounting to 30.8%. In the crystal, as a result of the intermolecular O—H...O hydrogen bonds, molecules of 2 form dimers, which are linked by N—H...O hydrogen bonds and a three-dimensional supramolecular network The major contributors to the Hirshfeld surface are H...H (58.5%) and H...O/O...H contacts (31.7%).

In the title salt, C6H16N22+ ·H2P2O72−, the complete dication is generated by a crystallographic centre of symmetry with the methyl groups in equatorial orientations. The complete dianion is generated by a crystallographic twofold axis with the central O atom lying on the axis: the P—O—P bond angle is 135.50 (12)°. In the crystal, the dihydrogen diphosphate anions are linked by O—H...O hydrogen bonds, generating (001) layers. The organic cations bond to the inorganic layers by way of N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds. A Hirshfeld surface analysis shows that the most important contributions for the crystal packing are from O...H/H...O (60.5%) and H...H (39.4%) contacts.

Two new phenylsulfonylindole derivatives, namely, N-{[3-bromo-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]methyl}-N-(4-bromo-3-methoxyphenyl)benzenesulfonamide, C28H22Br2N2O5S2, (I), and N,N-bis{[3-bromo-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]methyl}benzenesulfonamide, C36H27Br2N3O6S3, (II), reveal the impact of intramolecular π–π interactions of the indole moieties as a factor not only governing the conformation of N,N-bis(1H-indol-2-yl)methyl)amines, but also significantly influencing the crystal patterns. For I, the crystal packing is dominated by C—H...π and π–π bonding, with a particular significance of mutual indole–indole interactions. In the case of II, the molecules adopt short intramolecular π–π interactions between two nearly parallel indole ring systems [with the centroids of their pyrrole rings separated by 3.267 (2) Å] accompanied by a set of forced Br...O contacts. This provides suppression of similar interactions between the molecules, while the importance of weak C—H...O hydrogen bonding to the packing naturally increases. Short contacts of the latter type [C...O = 3.389 (6) Å] assemble pairs of molecules into centrosymmetric dimers with a cyclic R22(13) ring motif. These findings are consistent with the results of a Hirshfeld surface analysis and together they suggest a tool for modulating the supramolecular behavior of phenylsulfonylated indoles.

The title compound, [Sn(C6H5)Cl3(C12H8N2)], which was obtained by the reaction between 1,10-phenanthroline and phenyltin trichloride in methanol, exhibits intramolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions involving the chlorine and hydrogen atoms. Crystal cohesion is ensured by intermolecular C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, as well as Y—X...π and π-stacking interactions involving three different aromatic rings with centroid–centroid distances of 3.6605 (13), 3.9327 (14) and 3.6938 (12) Å]. Hirshfeld surface analysis and the associated two-dimensional fingerprint plots reveal significant contributions from H...H (30.7%), Cl...H/H...Cl (32.4%), and C...H/H...C (24.0%) contacts to the crystal packing while the C...C (6.2%), C...Cl/Cl...C (4.1%), and N...H/H...N (1.7%) interactions make smaller contributions.

The asymmetric unit of the title salt, C7H8N3+·C7H5O6S−, comprises two 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-iminium cations and two 2-hydroxy-5-sulfobenzoate anions (Z′ = 2). In the crystal, the molecules interact through N—H...O, O—H...O hydrogen bonds and C—O...π contacts. The hydrogen-bonding interactions lead to the formation of layers parallel to (\overline{1}01). Hirshfeld surface analysis revealed that H...H contacts contribute to most of the crystal packing with 38.9%, followed by H...O contacts with 36.2%.

The title compound, (C9H8NO)[CuCl3(C7H5NO4)]·2H2O, was prepared by reacting CuII acetate dihydrate, solid 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ), and solid pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (H2pydc), in a 1:1:1 molar ratio, in an aqueous solution of dilute hydrochloric acid. The CuII atom exhibits a distorted CuO2NCl3 octahedral geometry, coordinating two oxygen atoms and one nitrogen atom from the tridentate H2pydc ligand and three chloride atoms; the nitrogen atom and one chloride atom occupy the axial positions with Cu—N and Cu—Cl bond lengths of 2.011 (2) Å and 2.2067 (9) Å, respectively. In the equatorial plane, the oxygen and chloride atoms are arranged in a cis configuration, with Cu—O bond lengths of 2.366 (2) and 2.424 (2) Å, and Cu—Cl bond lengths of 2.4190 (10) and 2.3688 (11) Å. The asymmetric unit contains 8-HQ+ as a counter-ion and two uncoordinated water molecules. The crystal structure features strong O—H...O and O—H...Cl hydrogen bonds as well as weak interactions including C—H...O, C—H...Cl, Cu—Cl...π, and π–π, which result in a three-dimensional network. A Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contributions to the crystal packing involving the main residues are from H...Cl/Cl...H interactions, contributing 40.3% for the anion. Weak H...H contacts contribute 13.2% for the cation and 28.6% for the anion.

The crystal structure of the title compound C20H17NO2S features hydrogen-bonding and C—H...π interactions. Hirshfeld surface analysis revealed that H...H, C...H/H...C and O...H/H...O interactions make a major contribution to the crystal packing. Docking studies were carried out to determine the binding affinity and interaction profile of the title compound with EGFR kinase, a member of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases, which is crucial for processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation. The title compound shows a strong binding affinity with EGFR kinase, with the most favourable conformation having a binding energy of −8.27 kcal mol−1 and a predicted IC50 of 870.34 nM, indicating its potential as a promising candidate for targeted lung cancer therapy.

The title compound, [Cd(C14H16N3S)Cl] or [CdLCl] (1), where LH = 2-[bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]ethane-1-thiol, was prepared and structurally characterized. The Cd2+ complex crystallizes in P21/c with a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal metal coordination geometry. Supramolecular interactions in 1 include parallel offset face-to-face interactions between inversion-related pyridyl rings and potential hydrogen bonds with chlorine or sulfur as the acceptor. Additional cooperative pyridyl–pyridyl interactions with roughly 45° tilt angles and centroid–centroid distances of less than 5.5 Å likely also contribute to the overall solid-state stability. Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that H...H (51.2%), Cl...H/H...Cl (13.9%), C...H/H...C (12.3%) and S...H/H...S (11.8%) interactions are dominant in the solid state.

In the racemic title compound, C28H30O2, the naphthyl ring systems subtend a dihedral angle of 68.59 (1)° and the molecular conformation is consolidated by a pair of intramolecular C—H...π contacts. The crystal packing features a weak C—H...π contact and van der Waals forces. A Hirshfeld surface analysis of the crystal structure reveals that the most significant contributions are from H...H (73.2%) and C...H/H...C (21.2%) contacts.

The two molecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C23H24N2O2S, have a structural overlap with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.82 Å. The piperidine rings adopt a distorted boat conformation. Intra- and intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds are responsible for the cohesion of the crystal packing. The intermolecular interactions were quantified and analysed using Hirshfeld surface analysis. The molecular structure optimized by density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6–311++G(d,p)level is compared with the experimentally determined molecular structure in the solid state.

Under hydrothermal conditions, two novel Zn(ii)/Cd(ii) complexes [Cd2(L)4(Cl)2]·(SO4) (1) and {[Zn2(L)2(Sip)(OH)]·H2O}n (2) (L = 2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline, NaH2Sip = 5-sulfoisophthalic acid monosodium salt) were successfully synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and Hirshfeld surface analysis. The study reveals that complex 1 is constructed from the binuclear [Cd2L4Cl2] unit, and the [Cd2L4Cl2] units are linked via C–H⋯π and C–Cl⋯π interactions into 2D supramolecular layers. These 2D layers are further connected to generate 3D structures by N–H⋯O and N–H⋯S hydrogen bonds. Complex 2 exhibits a 1D double-chain structure consisting of a binuclear [Zn2L2(OH)] unit, which is further connected by π–π interaction to shape a 2D supramolecular structure.

In the title compound, C33H29ClN2O2, the two piperidine rings of the diazabicyclo moiety adopt distorted-chair conformations. Intermolecular C—H...π interactions are mainly responsible for the crystal packing. The intermolecular interactions were quantified and analysed using Hirshfeld surface analysis, revealing that H...H interactions contribute most to the crystal packing (52.3%). The molecular structure was further optimized by density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6–31 G(d,p) level and is compared with the experimentally determined molecular structure in the solid state.

The title compound, bis[μ-2,2′-(4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diyl)diacetato]bis[diaquacopper(II)] dihydrate, [Cu2(C6H5N3O4)2(H2O)4]·2H2O, is a dinuclear octahedral CuII triazole-based complex. The central copper atoms are hexa-coordinated by two nitrogen atoms in the equatorial positions, two equatorial oxygen atoms of two carboxylate substituents in position 3 and 5 of the 1,2,4-triazole ring, and two axial oxygen atoms of two water molecules. Two additional solvent water molecules are linked to the title molecule by O—H...N and O...H—O hydrogen bonds. The crystal structure is built up from the parallel packing of discrete supramolecular chains running along the a-axis direction. Hirshfeld surface analysis suggests that the most important contributions to the surface contacts are from H...O/O...H (53.5%), H...H (28.1%), O...O (6.3%) and H...C/C...H (6.2%) interactions. The crystal studied was twinned by a twofold rotation around [100].

This study presents the synthesis, characterization and Hirshfeld surface analysis of the title mononuclear complex, [PdCl2(C12H14N4)]·C3H7NO. The compound crystalizes in the P21/c space group of the monoclinic system. The asymmetric unit contains one neutral complex Pd(HLc-Pe)Cl2 [HLc-Pe is 2-(3-cyclopentyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)pyridine] and one molecule of DMF as a solvate. The Pd atom has a square-planar coordination. In the crystal, molecules are linked by intermolecular N—H...O and C—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to the bc plane. A Hirshfeld surface analysis showed that the H...H contacts dominate the crystal packing with a contribution of 41.4%. The contribution of the N...H/H...N and H...O/O...H interactions is somewhat smaller, amounting to 12.4% and 5%, respectively.

This study presents the synthesis, characterization and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 1-[6-bromo-2-(3-bromophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-2-one, C19H18Br2N2O. In the title compound, the pyrrolidine ring adopts a distorted envelope configuration. In the crystal, molecules are linked by intermolecular N—H...O, C—H...O and C—H...Br hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. In addition, pairs of molecules along the c axis are connected by C—H...π interactions. According to a Hirshfeld surface study, H...H (36.9%), Br...H/H...Br (28.2%) and C...H/H...C (24.3%) interactions are the most significant contributors to the crystal packing.

Perchlorate compounds are well-known for their explosive and hazardous nature. Considering previously reported perchlorate crystals of salen-type manganese (III) complexes, our study aimed to identify the specific molecular/crystal structure responsible for their explosive properties. Employing deep learning, we conducted an analysis of the Hirschfeld surface for salen-type metal complexes within a crystal structure database. The results indicate that the salen-type complex site lacks distinctive structural features, attributing its explosive potential to the chemical bonding of the perchlorate ion and the surrounding intermolecular interactions.

In the title compound, C31H28O4, the phenyl rings of the chalcone unit subtend a dihedral angle of 26.43 (10)°. The phenyl rings of the pendant benzyloxy groups are orientated at 75.57 (13) and 75.70 (10)° with respect to their attached ring. In the crystal, weak C—H...O and C—H...π interactions link the molecules. The intermolecular interactions were quantified and analysed using Hirshfeld surface analysis, which showed a breakdown into H...H (49.8%), H...C/C...H (33.8%) and H...O/O...H (13.6%) interactions with other types making negligible contributions.

Different crystal forms of pharmaceutically important compounds demonstrate non-equivalent physical properties and, thus, bioactivity. Taking into consideration the polymorphism is crucial for many applications due to the prominent variation in properties of solids of the same chemical substance but with different crystal packing. The structure of 4-oxo-4-phenylbutanoic acid, C10H10O3, at 120 K has monoclinic (P21/c) symmetry and is a Z = 8, Z′ = 2 polymorph (γ-form). The previously published two polymorphs with CCDC codes VERMAG (α-form) and VERMAG01 (β-form) crystallize with Z = 4, Z′ = 1 in the monoclinic space groups P21/c [a = 15.071 (10), b = 5.435 (9), c = 16.058 (10), β = 129.57 (10)°] and P21/n [a = 12.728 (6), b = 5.200 (3), c = 14.426 (6), β = 111.33 (3)°], respectively. Reported herein polymorph has a significantly larger cell volume of 1754.51 Å3 [a = 15.2673 (6), b = 5.2028 (2), c = 22.3063 (8), β = 98.0217 (7)°]. Structurally, the γ-form differs from the two other known (RMSD does not exceed 0.2 Å). Only reported herein polymorph contains weak attractive C7—H7A···O3A close contacts between two neighboring molecules, giving some structural variety of the two crystallographically independent molecules as well as slight non-coplanarity between their phenyl rings. The previously reported polymorphs demonstrate carbonyl groups at position 4 unaffected. All polymorphs contain dimers of molecules bounded by two equivalent intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Investigation of three polymorphs of 4-oxo-4-phenylbutanoic acid highlights the importance of understanding the relationship between various parameters such as packing density, presence of different interactions within the crystal, and energy of the crystal lattice. This is of great importance for the development of new materials with specific physical properties and applications in various fields of science and technology, such as dyes and pigments, high-energy materials, and pharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]