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3. A roadmap for high-resolution satellite soil moisture applications – confronting product characteristics with user requirements

Author

Peng, Jian, Albergel, Clement, Balenzano, Anna, Brocca, Luca, Cartus, Oliver, Cosh, Michael H., Crow, Wade T., Dabrowska-Zielinska, Katarzyna, Dadson, Simon, Davidson, Malcolm W.J., de Rosnay, Patricia, Dorigo, Wouter, Gruber, Alexander, Hagemann, Stefan, Hirschi, Martin, Kerr, Yann H., Lovergine, Francesco, Mahecha, Miguel D., Marzahn, Philip, Mattia, Francesco, Musial, Jan Pawel, Preuschmann, Swantje, Reichle, Rolf H., Satalino, Giuseppe, Silgram, Martyn, van Bodegom, Peter M., Verhoest, Niko E.C., Wagner, Wolfgang, Walker, Jeffrey P., Wegmüller, Urs, and Loew, Alexander

Published
2021
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4. Introduction

Author

Boyer, Tim, primary, Bartow-Gillies, Ellen, additional, Abida, A., additional, Ades, Melanie, additional, Adler, Robert, additional, Adusumilli, Susheel, additional, Agyakwah, W., additional, Ahmasuk, Brandon, additional, Aldeco, Laura S., additional, Alexe, Mihai, additional, Alfaro, Eric J., additional, Allan, Richard P., additional, Allgood, Adam, additional, Alves, Lincoln. M., additional, Amador, Jorge A., additional, Anderson, John, additional, Andrade, B., additional, Anneville, Orlane, additional, Aono, Yasuyuki, additional, Arguez, Anthony, additional, Arosio, Carlo, additional, Atkinson, C., additional, Augustine, John A., additional, Avalos, Grinia, additional, Azorin-Molina, Cesar, additional, Backensto, Stacia A., additional, Bader, Stephan, additional, Baez, Julian, additional, Baiman, Rebecca, additional, Ballinger, Thomas J., additional, Banwell, Alison F., additional, Bardin, M. Yu, additional, Barichivich, Jonathan, additional, Barnes, John E., additional, Barreira, Sandra, additional, Beadling, Rebecca L., additional, Beck, Hylke E., additional, Becker, Emily J., additional, Bekele, E., additional, Bellido, Guillem Martín, additional, Bellouin, Nicolas, additional, Benedetti, Angela, additional, Benestad, Rasmus, additional, Berne, Christine, additional, Berner, Logan. T., additional, Bernhard, Germar H., additional, Bhatt, Uma S., additional, Bhuiyan, A. E., additional, Bigalke, Siiri, additional, Biló, Tiago, additional, Bissolli, Peter, additional, Bjerke Jarle, W., additional, Blagrave, Kevin, additional, Blake, Eric S., additional, Blenkinsop, Stephen, additional, Blunden, Jessica, additional, Bochníček, Oliver, additional, Bock, Olivier, additional, Bodenstein, Barbara, additional, Bodin, Xavier, additional, Bosilovich, Michael, additional, Boucher, Olivier, additional, Bozkurt, Deniz, additional, Brettschneider, Brian, additional, Bringas, Francis G., additional, Bringas, Francis, additional, Buechler, Dennis, additional, Buehler, Stefan A., additional, Bukunt, Brandon, additional, Calderón, Blanca, additional, Camargo, Suzana J., additional, Campbell, Jayaka, additional, Campos, Diego, additional, Carrea, Laura, additional, Carter, Brendan R., additional, Cetinić, Ivona, additional, Chambers, Don P., additional, Chan, Duo, additional, Chandler, Elise, additional, Chang, Kai-Lan, additional, Chen, Hua, additional, Chen, Lin, additional, Cheng, Lijing, additional, Cheng, Vincent Y. S., additional, Chomiak, Leah, additional, Christiansen, Hanne H., additional, Christy, John R., additional, Chung, Eui-Seok, additional, Ciasto, Laura M., additional, Clarke, Leonardo, additional, Clem, Kyle R., additional, Clingan, Scott, additional, Coelho, Caio A.S., additional, Cohen, Judah L., additional, Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, additional, Colwell, Steve, additional, Cooper, Owen R., additional, Cornes, Richard C., additional, Correa, Kris, additional, Costa, Felipe, additional, Covey, Curt, additional, Coy, Lawrence, additional, Créatux, Jean-François, additional, Crhova, Lenka, additional, Crimmins, Theresa, additional, Cronin, Meghan F., additional, Cropper, Thomas, additional, Crotwell, Molly, additional, Culpepper, Joshua, additional, Cunha, Ana P., additional, Cusicanqui, Diego, additional, Datta, Rajashree T., additional, Davis, Sean M., additional, De Bock, Veerle, additional, de Jeu, Richard A. M., additional, De Laat, Jos, additional, Decharme, Bertrand, additional, Degenstein, Doug, additional, Delaloye, Reynald, additional, Demircan, Mesut, additional, Derksen, Chris, additional, Deus, Ricardo, additional, Dhurmea, K. R., additional, Diamond, Howard J., additional, Dirkse, S., additional, Divine, Dmitry, additional, Dokulil, Martin T., additional, Donat, Markus G., additional, Dong, Shenfu, additional, Dorigo, Wouter A., additional, Drost Jensen, Caroline, additional, Druckenmiller, Matthew L., additional, Drumond, Paula, additional, du Plessis, Marcel, additional, Dugan, Hilary A., additional, Dulamsuren, Dashkhuu, additional, Dunmire, Devon, additional, Dunn, Robert J. H., additional, Durre, Imke, additional, Dusek, Robert, additional, Dutton, Geoff, additional, Duveiller, Gregory, additional, Ekici, Mithat, additional, Elias Chereque, Alesksandra, additional, ElKharrim, M., additional, Epstein, Howard E., additional, Espinoza, Jhan-Carlo, additional, Estilow, Thomas W., additional, Estrella, Nicole, additional, Fauchereau, Nicolas, additional, Fausto, Robert S., additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Fenimore, Chris, additional, Fereday, David, additional, Fettweis, Xavier, additional, Fioletov, vitali E., additional, Flemming, Johannes, additional, Fogarty, Chris, additional, Fogt, Ryan L., additional, Forbes, Bruce C., additional, Foster, Michael J., additional, Franz, Bryan A., additional, Freeman, Natalie M., additional, Fricker, Helen A., additional, Frith, Stacey M., additional, Froidevaux, Lucien, additional, Frost, Gerald V. (JJ), additional, Fuhrman, Steven, additional, Füllekrug, Martin, additional, Ganter, Catherine, additional, Gao, Meng, additional, Gardner, Alex S., additional, Garforth, Judith, additional, Garg, Jay, additional, Gerland, Sebastian, additional, Gibbes, Badin, additional, Gille, Sarah T., additional, Gilson, John, additional, Gleason, Karin, additional, Gobron, Nadine, additional, Goetz, Scott J., additional, Goldenberg, Stanley B., additional, Goni, Gustavo, additional, Goodman, Steven, additional, Goto, Atsushi, additional, Grooß, Jens-Uwe, additional, Gruber, Alexander, additional, Gu, Guojun, additional, Guard, Charles “Chip” P., additional, Hagos, S., additional, Hahn, Sebastian, additional, Haimberger, Leopold, additional, Hall, Bradley D., additional, Hamlington, Benjamin D., additional, Hanna, Edward, additional, Hanssen-Bauer, Inger, additional, Harnos, Daniel S., additional, Harris, Ian, additional, He, Qiong, additional, Heim, Richard R., additional, Hellström, Sverker, additional, Hemming, Deborah L., additional, Hendricks, Stefan, additional, Hicks, J., additional, Hidalgo, Hugo G., additional, Hirschi, Martin, additional, Ho, Shu-peng (Ben), additional, Hobbs, W., additional, Holmes, Robert M., additional, Holzworth, Robert, additional, Hrbáček, Filip, additional, Hu, Guojie, additional, Hu, Zeng-Zhen, additional, Huang, Boyin, additional, Huang, Hongjie, additional, Hurst, Dale F., additional, Ialongo, Iolanda, additional, Inness, Antje, additional, Isaksen, Ketil, additional, Ishii, Masayoshi, additional, Jadra, Gerardo, additional, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, additional, John, Viju O., additional, Johns, W., additional, Johnsen, Bjørn, additional, Johnson, Bryan, additional, Johnson, Gregory C., additional, Jones, Philip D., additional, Jones, Timothy, additional, Josey, Simon A., additional, Jumaux, G., additional, Junod, Robert, additional, Kääb, Andreas, additional, Kabidi, K., additional, Kaiser, Johannes W., additional, Kaler, Robb S.A., additional, Kaleschke, Lars, additional, Kaufmann, Viktor, additional, Kazemi, Amin Fazl, additional, Keller, Linda M., additional, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, additional, Kendon, Mike, additional, Kennedy, John, additional, Kent, Elizabeth C., additional, Kerr, Kenneth, additional, Khan, Valentina, additional, Khiem, Mai Van, additional, Kidd, Richard, additional, Kim, Mi Ju, additional, Kim, Seong-Joong, additional, Kipling, Zak, additional, Klotzbach, Philip J., additional, Knaff, John A., additional, Koppa, Akash, additional, Korshunova, Natalia N., additional, Kraemer, Benjamin M., additional, Kramarova, Natalya A., additional, Kruger, A. C., additional, Kruger, Andries, additional, Kumar, Arun, additional, L’Heureux, Michelle, additional, La Fuente, Sofia, additional, Laas, Alo, additional, Labe, Zachary M., additional, Lader, Rick, additional, Lakatos, Mónika, additional, Lakkala, Kaisa, additional, Lam, Hoang Phuc, additional, Lan, Xin, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Landsea, Chris W., additional, Lang, Timothy, additional, Lankhorst, Matthias, additional, Lantz, Kathleen O., additional, Lara, Mark J., additional, Lavado-Casimiro, Waldo, additional, Lavers, David A., additional, Lazzara, Matthew A., additional, Leblanc, Thierry, additional, Lee, Tsz-Cheung, additional, Leibensperger, Eric M., additional, Lennard, Chris, additional, Leuliette, Eric, additional, Leung, Kinson H. Y., additional, Lieser, Jan L., additional, Likso, Tanja, additional, Lin, I-I., additional, Lindsey, Jackie, additional, Liu, Yakun, additional, Locarnini, Ricardo, additional, Loeb, Norman G., additional, Loomis, Bryant D., additional, Lorrey, Andrew M., additional, Loyola, Diego, additional, Lu, Rui, additional, Lumpkin, Rick, additional, Luo, Jing-Jia, additional, Luojus, Kari, additional, Lyman, John M., additional, Maberly, Stephen C., additional, Macander, Matthew J., additional, MacFerrin, Michael, additional, MacGilchrist, Graeme A., additional, MacLennan, Michelle L., additional, Madelon, Remi, additional, Magee, Andrew D., additional, Magnin, Florence, additional, Mamen, Jostein, additional, Mankoff, Ken D., additional, Manney, Gloria L., additional, Marcinonienė, Izolda, additional, Marengo, Jose A., additional, Marjan, Mohammadi, additional, Martínez, Ana E., additional, Massom, Robert A., additional, Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro, additional, May, Linda, additional, Mayer, Michael, additional, Mazloff, Matthew R., additional, McAfee, Stephanie A., additional, McBride, C., additional, McCabe, Matthew F., additional, McClelland, James W., additional, McPhaden, Michael J., additional, Mcvicar, Tim R., additional, Mears, Carl A., additional, Meier, Walter N., additional, Mekonnen, A., additional, Menzel, Annette, additional, Merchant, Christopher J., additional, Merrifield, Mark A., additional, Meyer, Michael F., additional, Meyers, Tristan, additional, Mikolajczyk, David E., additional, Miller, John B., additional, Miralles, Diego G., additional, Misevicius, Noelia, additional, Mishonov, Alexey, additional, Mitchum, Gary T., additional, Moat, Ben I., additional, Moesinger, Leander, additional, Moise, Aurel, additional, Molina-Carpio, Jorge, additional, Monet, Ghislaine, additional, Montzka, Stephan A., additional, Moon, Twila A., additional, Moore, G. W. K., additional, Mora, Natali, additional, Morán, Johnny, additional, Morehen, Claire, additional, Morice, Colin, additional, Mostafa, A. E., additional, Mote, Thomas L., additional, Mrekaj, Ivan, additional, Mudryk, Lawrence, additional, Mühle, Jens, additional, Müller, Rolf, additional, Nance, David, additional, Nash, Eric R., additional, Nerem, R. Steven, additional, Newman, Paul A., additional, Nicolas, Julien P., additional, Nieto, Juan J., additional, Noetzli, Jeannette, additional, Noll, Ben, additional, Norton, Taylor, additional, Nyland, Kelsey E., additional, O’Keefe, John, additional, Ochwat, Naomi, additional, Oikawa, Yoshinori, additional, Okunaka, Yuka, additional, Osborn, Timothy J., additional, Overland, James E., additional, Park, Taejin, additional, Parrington, Mark, additional, Parrish, Julia K., additional, Pasch, Richard J., additional, Pascual Ramírez, Reynaldo, additional, Pellet, Cécile, additional, Pelto, Mauri S., additional, Perčec Tadić, Melita, additional, Perovich, Donald K., additional, Petersen, Guðrún Nína, additional, Petersen, Kyle, additional, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, additional, Petty, Alek, additional, Pezza, Alexandre B., additional, Pezzi, Luciano P., additional, Phillips, Coda, additional, Phoenix, Gareth K., additional, Pierson, Don, additional, Pinto, Izidine, additional, Pires, Vanda, additional, Pitts, Michael, additional, Po-Chedley, Stephen, additional, Pogliotti, Paolo, additional, Poinar, Kristin, additional, Polvani, Lorenzo, additional, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, additional, Price, Colin, additional, Pulkkanen, Merja, additional, Purkey, Sarah G., additional, Qiu, Bo, additional, Quisbert, Kenny, additional, Quispe, Willy R., additional, Rajeevan, M., additional, Ramos, Andrea M., additional, Randel, William J., additional, Rantanen, Mika, additional, Raphael, Marilyn N., additional, Reagan, James, additional, Recalde, Cristina, additional, Reid, Phillip, additional, Rémy, Samuel, additional, Reyes Kohler, Alejandra J., additional, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, additional, Richardson, Andrew D., additional, Ricker, Robert, additional, Robinson, David A., additional, Robjhon, M., additional, Rocha, Willy, additional, Rodell, Matthew, additional, Rodriguez Guisado, Esteban, additional, Rodriguez-Fernandez, Nemesio, additional, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., additional, Ronchail, Josyane, additional, Rosencrans, Matthew, additional, Rosenlof, Karen H., additional, Rösner, Benjamin, additional, Rösner, Henrieke, additional, Rozanov, Alexei, additional, Rozkošný, Jozef, additional, Rubek, Frans, additional, Rusanovskaya, Olga O., additional, Rutishauser, This, additional, Sabeerali, C. T., additional, Salinas, Roberto, additional, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, additional, Santee, Michelle L., additional, Santini, Marcelo, additional, Sato, Katsunari, additional, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, additional, Sayouri, A., additional, Scambos, Theodore, additional, Schenzinger, Verena, additional, Schimanke, Semjon, additional, Schlegel, Robert W., additional, Schmid, Claudia, additional, Schmid, Martin, additional, Schneider, Udo, additional, Schreck, Carl J., additional, Schultz, Cristina, additional, _, _, additional, Segele, Z. T., additional, Sensoy, Serhat, additional, Serbin, Shawn P., additional, Serreze, Mark C., additional, Setiawan, Amsari Mudzakir, additional, Sezaki, Fumi, additional, Sharma, Sapna, additional, Sharp, Jonathan D., additional, Sheffield, Gay, additional, Shi, Jia-Rui, additional, Shi, Lei, additional, Shiklomanov, Alexander I., additional, Shiklomanov, Nikolay I., additional, Shimaraeva, Svetlana V., additional, Shukla, R., additional, Siegel, David A., additional, Silow, Eugene A., additional, Sima, F., additional, Simmons, Adrian J., additional, Smeed, David A., additional, Smith, Adam, additional, Smith, Matthew M., additional, Smith, Sharon L., additional, Soden, Brian J., additional, Sofieva, Viktoria, additional, Souza, Everaldo, additional, Sparks, Tim H., additional, Spence-Hemmings, Jacqueline, additional, Spencer, Robert G. M., additional, Spillane, Sandra, additional, Sreejith, O. P., additional, Srivastava, A. K., additional, Stackhouse, Paul W., additional, Stammerjohn, Sharon, additional, Stauffer, Ryan, additional, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, additional, Steiner, Andrea K., additional, Stella, Jose L., additional, Stephenson, Tannecia S., additional, Stradiotti, Pietro, additional, Strahan, Susan E., additional, Streletskiy, Dmitry A., additional, Surendran, Divya E., additional, Suslova, Anya, additional, Svendby, Tove, additional, Sweet, William, additional, Takahashi, Kiyotoshi, additional, Takemura, Kazuto, additional, Tank, Suzanne E., additional, Taylor, Michael A., additional, Tedesco, Marco, additional, Thackeray, Stephen J., additional, Thiaw, W. M., additional, Thibert, Emmanuel, additional, Thoman, Richard L., additional, Thompson, Andrew F., additional, Thompson, Philip R., additional, Tian-Kunze, Xiangshan, additional, Timmermans, Mary-Louise, additional, Timofeyev, Maxim A., additional, Tobin, Skie, additional, Tømmervik, Hans, additional, Tourpali, Kleareti, additional, Trescilo, Lidia, additional, Tretiakov, Mikhail, additional, Trewin, Blair C., additional, Triñanes, Joaquin A., additional, Trotman, Adrian, additional, Truchelut, Ryan E., additional, Trusel, Luke D., additional, Tye, Mari R., additional, van der A, Ronald, additional, van der Schalie, Robin, additional, van der Schrier, Gerard, additional, Van Hemert, Caroline, additional, Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J., additional, van vliet, Arnold J.H., additional, Vazife, Ahad, additional, Verburg, Piet, additional, Vernier, Jean-Paul, additional, Vimont, Isaac J., additional, Virts, Katrina, additional, Vivero, Sebastián, additional, Volkov, Denis L., additional, Vömel, Holger, additional, Vose, Russell S., additional, Walker, Donald (Skip) A., additional, Walsh, John E., additional, Wang, Bin, additional, Wang, Hui, additional, Wang, Muyin, additional, Wang, Ray H. J., additional, Wang, Xinyue, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Warnock, Taran, additional, Weber, Mark, additional, Webster, Melinda, additional, Wehrlé, Adrian, additional, Wen, Caihong, additional, Westberry, Toby K., additional, Widlansky, Matthew J., additional, Wiese, David N., additional, Wild, Jeannette D., additional, Wille, Jonathan D., additional, Willems, An, additional, Willett, Kate M., additional, Williams, Earle, additional, Willis, J., additional, Wong, Takmeng, additional, Wood, Kimberly M., additional, Woolway, Richard Iestyn, additional, Xie, Ping-Ping, additional, Yang, Daqing, additional, Yin, Xungang, additional, Yin, Ziqi, additional, Zeng, Zhenzhong, additional, Zhang, Huai-min, additional, Zhang, Li, additional, Zhang, Peiqun, additional, Zhao, Lin, additional, Zhou, Xinjia, additional, Zhu, Zhiwei, additional, Ziemke, Jerry R., additional, Ziese, Markus, additional, Zolkos, Scott, additional, Zotta, Ruxandra M., additional, Zou, Cheng-Zhi, additional, Allen, Jessicca, additional, Camper, Amy V., additional, Haley, Bridgette O., additional, Hammer, Gregory, additional, Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, additional, Ohlmann, Laura, additional, Noguchi, Lukas, additional, Riddle, Deborah B., additional, and Veasey, Sara W., additional

Published
2023
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5. Global Climate

Author

Dunn, Robert J. H., primary, Miller, John B., additional, Willett, Kate M., additional, Gobron, Nadine, additional, Ades, Melanie, additional, Adler, Robert, additional, Alexe, Mihai, additional, Allan, Richard P., additional, Anderson, John, additional, Anneville, Orlane, additional, Aono, Yasuyuki, additional, Arguez, Anthony, additional, Arosio, Carlo, additional, Augustine, John A., additional, Azorin-Molina, Cesar, additional, Barichivich, Jonathan, additional, Barnes, John E., additional, Beck, Hylke E., additional, Bellouin, Nicolas, additional, Benedetti, Angela, additional, Blagrave, Kevin, additional, Blenkinsop, Stephen, additional, Bock, Olivier, additional, Bodin, Xavier, additional, Bosilovich, Michael, additional, Boucher, Olivier, additional, Buechler, Dennis, additional, Buehler, Stefan A., additional, Campos, Diego, additional, Carrea, Laura, additional, Chang, Kai-Lan, additional, Christiansen, Hanne H., additional, Christy, John R., additional, Chung, Eui-Seok, additional, Ciasto, Laura M., additional, Clingan, Scott, additional, Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, additional, Cooper, Owen R., additional, Cornes, Richard C., additional, Covey, Curt, additional, Créatux, Jean-François, additional, Crimmins, Theresa, additional, Cropper, Thomas, additional, Crotwell, Molly, additional, Culpepper, Joshua, additional, Cusicanqui, Diego, additional, Davis, Sean M., additional, de Jeu, Richard A. M., additional, Degenstein, Doug, additional, Delaloye, Reynald, additional, Dokulil, Martin T., additional, Donat, Markus G., additional, Dorigo, Wouter A., additional, Dugan, Hilary A., additional, Durre, Imke, additional, Dutton, Geoff, additional, Duveiller, Gregory, additional, Estilow, Thomas W., additional, Estrella, Nicole, additional, Fereday, David, additional, Fioletov, Vitali E., additional, Flemming, Johannes, additional, Foster, Michael J., additional, Franz, Bryan, additional, Frith, Stacey M., additional, Froidevaux, Lucien, additional, Füllekrug, Martin, additional, Garforth, Judith, additional, Garg, Jay, additional, Gibbes, Badin, additional, Goodman, Steven, additional, Goto, Atsushi, additional, Gruber, Alexander, additional, Gu, Guojun, additional, Hahn, Sebastian, additional, Haimberger, Leopold, additional, Hall, Bradley D., additional, Harris, Ian, additional, Hemming, Deborah L., additional, Hirschi, Martin, additional, Ho, Shu-peng, additional, Holzworth, Robert, additional, Hrbáček, Filip, additional, Hu, Guojie, additional, Hurst, Dale F., additional, Inness, Antje, additional, Isaksen, Ketil, additional, John, Viju O., additional, Jones, Philip D., additional, Junod, Robert, additional, Kääb, Andreas, additional, Kaiser, Johannes W., additional, Kaufmann, Viktor, additional, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, additional, Kent, Elizabeth C., additional, Kidd, Richard, additional, Kipling, Zak, additional, Koppa, Akash, additional, Kraemer, Benjamin M., additional, Kramarova, Natalya, additional, Kruger, Andries, additional, La Fuente, Sofia, additional, Laas, Alo, additional, Lan, Xin, additional, Lang, Timothy, additional, Lantz, Kathleen O., additional, Lavers, David A., additional, Leblanc, Thierry, additional, Leibensperger, Eric M., additional, Lennard, Chris, additional, Liu, Yakun, additional, Loeb, Norman G., additional, Loyola, Diego, additional, Maberly, Stephen C., additional, Madelon, Remi, additional, Magnin, Florence, additional, Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro, additional, May, Linda, additional, Mayer, Michael, additional, McCabe, Matthew F., additional, McVicar, Tim R., additional, Mears, Carl A., additional, Menzel, Annette, additional, Merchant, Christopher J., additional, Meyer, Michael F., additional, Miralles, Diego G., additional, Moesinger, Leander, additional, Monet, Ghislaine, additional, Montzka, Stephan A., additional, Morice, Colin, additional, Mrekaj, Ivan, additional, Mühle, Jens, additional, Nance, David, additional, Nicolas, Julien P., additional, Noetzli, Jeannette, additional, Noll, Ben, additional, O’Keefe, John, additional, Osborn, Timothy J., additional, Park, Taejin, additional, Parrington, Mark, additional, Pellet, Cécile, additional, Pelto, Mauri S., additional, Petersen, Kyle, additional, Phillips, Coda, additional, Pierson, Don, additional, Pinto, Izidine, additional, Po-Chedley, Stephen, additional, Pogliotti, Paolo, additional, Polvani, Lorenzo, additional, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, additional, Price, Colin, additional, Pulkkanen, Merja, additional, Randel, William J., additional, Rémy, Samuel, additional, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, additional, Richardson, Andrew D., additional, Robinson, David A., additional, Rocha, Willy, additional, Rodell, Matthew, additional, Rodriguez-Fernandez, Nemesio, additional, Rosenlof, Karen H., additional, Rozanov, Alexei, additional, Rozkošný, Jozef, additional, Rusanovskaya, Olga O., additional, Rutishauser, This, additional, Sabeerali, C. T., additional, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, additional, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, additional, Schenzinger, Verena, additional, Schlegel, Robert W., additional, Schmid, Martin, additional, Schneider, Udo, additional, Sezaki, Fumi, additional, Sharma, Sapna, additional, Shi, Lei, additional, Shimaraeva, Svetlana V., additional, Silow, Eugene A., additional, Simmons, Adrian J., additional, Smith, Sharon L., additional, Soden, Brian J., additional, Sofieva, Viktoria, additional, Sparks, Tim H., additional, Sreejith, O.P., additional, Stackhouse, Paul W., additional, Stauffer, Ryan, additional, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, additional, Steiner, Andrea K., additional, Stradiotti, Pietro, additional, Streletskiy, Dmitry A., additional, Surendran, Divya E., additional, Thackeray, Stephen J., additional, Thibert, Emmanuel, additional, Timofeyev, Maxim A., additional, Tourpali, Kleareti, additional, Tye, Mari R., additional, van der A, Ronald, additional, van der Schalie, Robin, additional, van der Schrier, Gerard, additional, van Vliet, Arnold J.H., additional, Verburg, Piet, additional, Vernier, Jean-Paul, additional, Vimont, Isaac J., additional, Virts, Katrina, additional, Vivero, Sebastián, additional, Vömel, Holger, additional, Vose, Russell S., additional, Wang, Ray H. J., additional, Wang, Xinyue, additional, Warnock, Taran, additional, Weber, Mark, additional, Wiese, David N., additional, Wild, Jeannette D., additional, Williams, Earle, additional, Wong, Takmeng, additional, Woolway, Richard Iestyn, additional, Yin, Xungang, additional, Zeng, Zhenzhong, additional, Zhao, Lin, additional, Zhou, Xinjia, additional, Ziemke, Jerry R., additional, Ziese, Markus, additional, Zotta, Ruxandra M., additional, Zou, Cheng-Zhi, additional, Allen, Jessicca, additional, Camper, Amy V., additional, Haley, Bridgette O., additional, Hammer, Gregory, additional, Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, additional, Ohlmann, Laura, additional, Noguchi, Lukas, additional, Riddle, Deborah B., additional, and Veasey, Sara W., additional

Published
2023
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6. ESA CCI Soil Moisture for improved Earth system understanding: State-of-the art and future directions

Author

Dorigo, Wouter, Wagner, Wolfgang, Albergel, Clement, Albrecht, Franziska, Balsamo, Gianpaolo, Brocca, Luca, Chung, Daniel, Ertl, Martin, Forkel, Matthias, Gruber, Alexander, Haas, Eva, Hamer, Paul D., Hirschi, Martin, Ikonen, Jaakko, de Jeu, Richard, Kidd, Richard, Lahoz, William, Liu, Yi Y., Miralles, Diego, Mistelbauer, Thomas, Nicolai-Shaw, Nadine, Parinussa, Robert, Pratola, Chiara, Reimer, Christoph, van der Schalie, Robin, Seneviratne, Sonia I., Smolander, Tuomo, and Lecomte, Pascal

Published
2017
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9. Supplementary material to "Detecting the human fingerprint in the summer 2022 West-Central European soil drought"

Author

Schumacher, Dominik L., primary, Zachariah, Mariam, additional, Otto, Friederike, additional, Barnes, Clair, additional, Philip, Sjoukje, additional, Kew, Sarah, additional, Vahlberg, Maja, additional, Singh, Roop, additional, Heinrich, Dorothy, additional, Arrighi, Julie, additional, van Aalst, Maarten, additional, Hauser, Mathias, additional, Hirschi, Martin, additional, Bessenbacher, Verena, additional, Gudmundsson, Lukas, additional, Beaudoing, Hiroko K., additional, Rodell, Matthew, additional, Li, Sihan, additional, Yang, Wenchang, additional, Vecchi, Gabriel A., additional, Harrington, Luke J., additional, Lehner, Flavio, additional, Balsamo, Gianpaolo, additional, and Seneviratne, Sonia I., additional

Published
2023
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10. Detecting the human fingerprint in the summer 2022 western–central European soil drought.

Author

Schumacher, Dominik L., Zachariah, Mariam, Otto, Friederike, Barnes, Clair, Philip, Sjoukje, Kew, Sarah, Vahlberg, Maja, Singh, Roop, Heinrich, Dorothy, Arrighi, Julie, van Aalst, Maarten, Hauser, Mathias, Hirschi, Martin, Bessenbacher, Verena, Gudmundsson, Lukas, Beaudoing, Hiroko K., Rodell, Matthew, Li, Sihan, Yang, Wenchang, and Vecchi, Gabriel A.

Subjects
HUMAN fingerprints, SOIL moisture, GLOBAL warming, ATMOSPHERIC models, DROUGHTS, SOILS, HIGH temperatures
Abstract

In the 2022 summer, western–central Europe and several other regions in the northern extratropics experienced substantial soil moisture deficits in the wake of precipitation shortages and elevated temperatures. Much of Europe has not witnessed a more severe soil drought since at least the mid-20th century, raising the question whether this is a manifestation of our warming climate. Here, we employ a well-established statistical approach to attribute the low 2022 summer soil moisture to human-induced climate change using observation-driven soil moisture estimates and climate models. We find that in western–central Europe, a June–August root zone soil moisture drought such as in 2022 is expected to occur once in 20 years in the present climate but would have occurred only about once per century during preindustrial times. The entire northern extratropics show an even stronger global warming imprint with a 20-fold soil drought probability increase or higher, but we note that the underlying uncertainty is large. Reasons are manifold but include the lack of direct soil moisture observations at the required spatiotemporal scales, the limitations of remotely sensed estimates, and the resulting need to simulate soil moisture with land surface models driven by meteorological data. Nevertheless, observation-based products indicate long-term declining summer soil moisture for both regions, and this tendency is likely fueled by regional warming, while no clear trends emerge for precipitation. Finally, our climate model analysis suggests that under 2 ∘ C global warming, 2022-like soil drought conditions would become twice as likely for western–central Europe compared to today and would take place nearly every year across the northern extratropics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. Characterising recent drought events in the context of dry-season trends using state-of-the-art reanalysis and remote-sensing soil moisture products.

Author

Hirschi, Martin, Crezee, Bas, Stradiotti, Pietro, Dorigo, Wouter, and Seneviratne, Sonia I.

Subjects
SOIL moisture, DROUGHTS, SCIENTIFIC literature, ATMOSPHERIC temperature, SURFACE temperature, AIR shows
Abstract

Drought events have multiple adverse impacts on environment, society, and economy. It is thus crucial to monitor and characterise such events. Here, we compare the ability of selected state-of-the-art long-term reanalysis and remote-sensing products to represent major seasonal and multi-year drought events in the 2000–2020 period globally. We focus on soil moisture (or agroecological) drought and place the results in the context of trends in dry-season soil moisture. We consider surface and root-zone soil moisture from ERA5, the related ERA5-Land, and MERRA-2 reanalysis products, the ESA CCI remote-sensing surface soil moisture products (encompassing an ACTIVE, a PASSIVE and a COMBINED product), as well as its near real-time counterpart produced within C3S. In addition, we use a new root-zone soil moisture dataset derived from the ESA CCI COMBINED product. Except for ESA CCI surface and root-zone soil moisture, the considered products offer opportunities for drought monitoring since they are available in near real-time. We analyse 18 documented drought events within predefined spatial and temporal bounds derived from scientific literature. Based on standardised daily anomalies of surface and root-zone soil moisture, the drought events are characterised by their severity (the time accumulated standardised anomalies), magnitude (the minimum of the standardised anomalies over time), duration, and spatial extent. Product deviations in drought severity and magnitude are then placed in the context of trends in dry-season soil moisture, and potential reasons for diverging global soil moisture trends in the products are further investigated. All investigated products capture the considered drought events. Overall, responses of surface soil moisture tend to be weakest for the ACTIVE remote-sensing products in all metrics, but most pronounced in the drought magnitudes. Also, MERRA‑2 shows lower magnitudes than the other products. Except for the COMBINED products, the remote-sensing products tend to underestimate the spatial extents of larger droughts. Product differences in drought severity and magnitude for single events are consistent with the differences in dry-season soil moisture trends. These trends are globally diverse and partly contradictory between products. ERA5, ERA5-Land and the COMBINED products show larger fractions of drying trends, MERRA-2 and the C3S ACTIVE and PASSIVE products more widespread wetting trends. MERRA-2 surface air temperature shows regionally negative biases in trends compared to a ground observational product, which suggests that this reanalysis product underestimates drought trends. Also, the comparison with trends in selected land-surface characteristics and bioclimatic indicators shows that dry-season soil moisture trends may be affected by retrieval or modelling artifacts in some cases. In the root zone (based on the reanalysis products and the ESA CCI root-zone soil moisture dataset), the droughts are dampened in magnitude and smaller in spatial extent but show a tendency to prolonged durations. Based on the overall observational evidence and the consideration of the respective limitations of the included products, the present analyses suggest a consistent tendency towards drying during the last two decades in some regions, namely in parts of central Europe, in a region north of the Black Sea/Caspian Sea, in southern Africa, and in parts of Australia, Siberia and South America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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14. ESA CCI and C3S Soil Moisture - New developments and recent applications

Author

Preimesberger, Wolfgang, primary, Stradiotti, Pietro, additional, Madelon, Remi, additional, van der Schalie, Robin, additional, Rodriguez-Fernandez, Nemesio, additional, Hirschi, Martin, additional, Pasik, Adam, additional, Gruber, Alexander, additional, Dorigo, Wouter, additional, de Jeu, Richard, additional, Kidd, Richard, additional, and Albergel, Clement, additional

Published
2023
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19. Global Climate:STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2021

Author

Ades, Melanie, Adler, Robert, Aldred, Freya, Allan, R. P., Anderson, John, Anneville, Orlane, Aono, Yasuyuki, Argüez, Anthony, Arosio, Carlo, Augustine, John A., Azorin-Molina, Cesar, Barichivich, Jonathan, Basu, Aman, Beck, Hylke E., Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Blagrave, Kevin, Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bock, Olivier, Bodin, Xavier, Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Bove, Gerald, Buechler, Dennis, Buehler, Stefan A., Carrea, Laura, Chang, Kai Lan, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Chung, Eui Seok, Ciasto, Laura M., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Cooper, Owen R., Cornes, Richard C., Covey, Curt, Cropper, Thomas, Crotwell, Molly, Cusicanqui, Diego, Davis, Sean M., de Jeu, Richard A.M., Degenstein, Doug, Delaloye, Reynald, Donat, Markus G., Dorigo, Wouter A., Dunn, Robert J.H., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Duveiller, Gregory, Elkins, James W., Estilow, Thomas W., Fedaeff, Nava, Fereday, David, Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Foster, Michael J., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Füllekrug, Martin, Garforth, Judith, Garg, Jay, Gentry, Matthew, Gobron, Nadine, Goodman, Steven, Gou, Qiqi, Granin, Nikolay, Guglielmin, Mauro, Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Brad D., Harris, Ian, Hemming, Debbie L., Hirschi, Martin, Ho, Shu Pen, Holzworth, Robert, Hrbáček, Filip, Hubert, Daan, Hulsman, Petra, Hurst, Dale F., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, Ketil, John, Viju O., Jones, Philip D., Junod, Robert, Kääb, Andreas, Kaiser, Johannes W., Kaufmann, Viktor, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, Kent, Elizabeth C., Kidd, Richard, Kim, Hyungiun, Kipling, Zak, Koppa, Akash, L'Abée-Lund, Jan Henning, Lan, Xin, Lantz, Kathleen O., Lavers, David, Loeb, Norman G., Loyola, Diego, Madelon, Remi, Malmquist, Hilmar J., Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Mayer, Michael, McCabe, Matthew F., McVicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Menzel, Annette, Merchant, Christopher J., Miller, John B., Miralles, Diego G., Montzka, Stephen A., Morice, Colin, Mösinger, Leander, Mühle, Jens, Nicolas, Julien P., Noetzli, Jeannette, Nõges, Tiina, Noll, Ben, O'Keefe, John, Osborn, Tim J., Park, Taejin, Pellet, Cecile, Pelto, Maury S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E., Phillips, Coda, Po-Chedley, Stephen, Polvani, Lorenzo, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, Price, Colin, Pulkkanen, Merja, Rains, Dominik G., Randel, William J., Rémy, Samuel, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, Richardson, Andrew D., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rodríguez-Fernández, Nemesio J., Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rozanov, Alexei, Rutishäuser, This, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, Schenzinger, Verena, Schlegel, Robert W., Schneider, Udo, Sharma, Sapna, Shi, Lei, Simmons, Adrian J., Siso, Carolina, Smith, Sharon L., Soden, Brian J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, Tim H., Stackhouse, Paul W., Stauffer, Ryan, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Steiner, Andrea K., Stewart, Kenton, Stradiotti, Pietro, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Telg, Hagen, Thackeray, Stephen J., Thibert, Emmanuel, Todt, Michael, Tokuda, Daisuke, Tourpali, Kleareti, Tye, Mari R., Van Der, A. Ronald, van der Schalie, Robin, van der Schrier, Gerard, van der Vliet, Mendy, van der Werf, Guido R., van Vliet, Arnold, Vernier, Jean Paul, Vimont, Isaac J., Virts, Katrina, Vivero, Sebastiàn, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wang, Ray H.J., Weber, Markus, Wiese, David, Wild, Jeanette D., Willett, Kate M., Williams, Earle, Wong, Takmeng, Woolway, R. I., Yin, Xungang, Yuan, Ye, Zhao, Lin, Zhou, Xinjia, Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus, Zotta, Ruxandra M., Allen, Jessicca, Camper, Amy, Hammer, Gregory, Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, Misch, Deborah J., Ohlmann, Laura, Riddle, Deborah B., Veasey, Sara W., Earth and Climate, Earth Sciences, and Amsterdam Sustainability Institute

Published
2022

20. Global Climate

Author

Dunn, Robert J. H., primary, Aldred, Freya, additional, Gobron, Nadine, additional, Miller, John B., additional, Willett, Kate M., additional, Ades, Melanie, additional, Adler, Robert, additional, Allan, R. P., additional, Anderson, John, additional, Anneville, Orlane, additional, Aono, Yasuyuki, additional, Argüez, Anthony, additional, Arosio, Carlo, additional, Augustine, John A., additional, Azorin-Molina, Cesar, additional, Barichivich, Jonathan, additional, Basu, Aman, additional, Beck, Hylke E., additional, Bellouin, Nicolas, additional, Benedetti, Angela, additional, Blagrave, Kevin, additional, Blenkinsop, Stephen, additional, Bock, Olivier, additional, Bodin, Xavier, additional, Bosilovich, Michael G., additional, Boucher, Olivier, additional, Bove, Gerald, additional, Buechler, Dennis, additional, Buehler, Stefan A., additional, Carrea, Laura, additional, Chang, Kai-Lan, additional, Christiansen, Hanne H., additional, Christy, John R., additional, Chung, Eui-Seok, additional, Ciasto, Laura M., additional, Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, additional, Cooper, Owen R., additional, Cornes, Richard C., additional, Covey, Curt, additional, Cropper, Thomas, additional, Crotwell, Molly, additional, Cusicanqui, Diego, additional, Davis, Sean M., additional, de Jeu, Richard A. M., additional, Degenstein, Doug, additional, Delaloye, Reynald, additional, Donat, Markus G., additional, Dorigo, Wouter A., additional, Durre, Imke, additional, Dutton, Geoff S., additional, Duveiller, Gregory, additional, Elkins, James W., additional, Estilow, Thomas W., additional, Fedaeff, Nava, additional, Fereday, David, additional, Fioletov, Vitali E., additional, Flemming, Johannes, additional, Foster, Michael J., additional, Frith, Stacey M., additional, Froidevaux, Lucien, additional, Füllekrug, Martin, additional, Garforth, Judith, additional, Garg, Jay, additional, Gentry, Matthew, additional, Goodman, Steven, additional, Gou, Qiqi, additional, Granin, Nikolay, additional, Guglielmin, Mauro, additional, Hahn, Sebastian, additional, Haimberger, Leopold, additional, Hall, Brad D., additional, Harris, Ian, additional, Hemming, Debbie L., additional, Hirschi, Martin, additional, Ho, Shu-pen (Ben), additional, Holzworth, Robert, additional, Hrbáček, Filip, additional, Hubert, Daan, additional, Hulsman, Petra, additional, Hurst, Dale F., additional, Inness, Antje, additional, Isaksen, Ketil, additional, John, Viju O., additional, Jones, Philip D., additional, Junod, Robert, additional, Kääb, Andreas, additional, Kaiser, Johannes W., additional, Kaufmann, Viktor, additional, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, additional, Kent, Elizabeth C., additional, Kidd, Richard, additional, Kim, Hyungiun, additional, Kipling, Zak, additional, Koppa, Akash, additional, L’Abée-Lund, Jan Henning, additional, Lan, Xin, additional, Lantz, Kathleen O., additional, Lavers, David, additional, Loeb, Norman G., additional, Loyola, Diego, additional, Madelon, Remi, additional, Malmquist, Hilmar J., additional, Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, additional, Mayer, Michael, additional, McCabe, Matthew F., additional, McVicar, Tim R., additional, Mears, Carl A., additional, Menzel, Annette, additional, Merchant, Christopher J., additional, Miralles, Diego G., additional, Montzka, Stephen A., additional, Morice, Colin, additional, Mösinger, Leander, additional, Mühle, Jens, additional, Nicolas, Julien P., additional, Noetzli, Jeannette, additional, Nõges, Tiina, additional, Noll, Ben, additional, O’Keefe, John, additional, Osborn, Tim J., additional, Park, Taejin, additional, Pellet, Cecile, additional, Pelto, Maury S., additional, Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E., additional, Phillips, Coda, additional, Po-Chedley, Stephen, additional, Polvani, Lorenzo, additional, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, additional, Price, Colin, additional, Pulkkanen, Merja, additional, Rains, Dominik G., additional, Randel, William J., additional, Rémy, Samuel, additional, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, additional, Richardson, Andrew D., additional, Robinson, David A., additional, Rodell, Matthew, additional, Rodríguez-Fernández, Nemesio J., additional, Rosenlof, Karen H., additional, Roth, Chris, additional, Rozanov, Alexei, additional, Rutishäuser, This, additional, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, additional, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, additional, Schenzinger, Verena, additional, Schlegel, Robert W., additional, Schneider, Udo, additional, Sharma, Sapna, additional, Shi, Lei, additional, Simmons, Adrian J., additional, Siso, Carolina, additional, Smith, Sharon L., additional, Soden, Brian J., additional, Sofieva, Viktoria, additional, Sparks, Tim H., additional, Stackhouse, Paul W., additional, Stauffer, Ryan, additional, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, additional, Steiner, Andrea K., additional, Stewart, Kenton, additional, Stradiotti, Pietro, additional, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., additional, Telg, Hagen, additional, Thackeray, Stephen J., additional, Thibert, Emmanuel, additional, Todt, Michael, additional, Tokuda, Daisuke, additional, Tourpali, Kleareti, additional, Tye, Mari R., additional, van der A, Ronald, additional, van der Schalie, Robin, additional, van der Schrier, Gerard, additional, van der Vliet, Mendy, additional, van der Werf, Guido R., additional, van Vliet, Arnold., additional, Vernier, Jean-Paul, additional, Vimont, Isaac J., additional, Virts, Katrina, additional, Vivero, Sebastiàn, additional, Vömel, Holger, additional, Vose, Russell S., additional, Wang, Ray H. J., additional, Weber, Markus, additional, Wiese, David, additional, Wild, Jeanette D., additional, Williams, Earle, additional, Wong, Takmeng, additional, Woolway, R. I., additional, Yin, Xungang, additional, Yuan, Ye, additional, Zhao, Lin, additional, Zhou, Xinjia, additional, Ziemke, Jerry R., additional, Ziese, Markus, additional, and Zotta, Ruxandra M., additional

Published
2022
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21. Detecting the human fingerprint in the summer 2022 West-Central European soil drought.

Author

Schumacher, Dominik L., Zachariah, Mariam, Otto, Friederike, Barnes, Clair, Philip, Sjoukje, Kew, Sarah, Vahlberg, Maja, Singh, Roop, Heinrich, Dorothy, Arrighi, Julie, van Aalst, Maarten, Hauser, Mathias, Hirschi, Martin, Bessenbacher, Verena, Gudmundsson, Lukas, Beaudoing, Hiroko K., Rodell, Matthew, Sihan Li, Wenchang Yang, and Vecchi, Gabriel A.

Subjects
HUMAN fingerprints, GLOBAL warming, ATMOSPHERIC models, SOIL moisture, DROUGHTS, SOILS, SUMMER
Abstract

In the 2022 summer, West-Central Europe and several other northern-hemisphere mid-latitude regions experienced substantial soil moisture deficits in the wake of precipitation shortages and elevated temperatures. Much of Europe has not witnessed a more severe soil drought since at least the mid-20th century, raising the question whether this is a manifestation of our warming climate. Here, we employ a well-established statistical approach to attribute the low 2022 summer soil moisture to human-induced climate change, using observation-driven soil moisture estimates and climate models. We find that in West-Central Europe, a June-August root-zone soil moisture drought such as in 2022 is expected to occur once in 20 years in the present climate, but would have occurred only about once per century during pre-industrial times. The entire northern extratropics show an even stronger global warming imprint with a 20-fold soil drought probability increase or higher, but we note that the underlying uncertainty is large. Reasons are manifold, but include the lack of direct soil moisture observations at the required spatiotemporal scales, the limitations of remotely sensed estimates, and the resulting need to simulate soil moisture with land surface models driven by meteorological data. Nevertheless, observationbased products indicate long-term declining summer soil moisture for both regions, and this tendency is likely fueled by regional warming, while no clear trends emerge for precipitation. Finally, our climate model analysis suggests that in a 2 °C world, 2022-like soil drought conditions would become twice as likely for West-Central Europe compared to today, and would take place nearly every year across the northern extratropics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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22. Independent Quality Assessment of Essential Climate Variables: Lessons learnt from the Copernicus Climate Change Service

Author

Yang, Chunxue, primary, Cagnazzo, Chiara, additional, Artale, Vincenzo, additional, Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno, additional, Buontempo, Carlo, additional, Busatto, Jacopo, additional, Caporaso, Luca, additional, Cesarini, Claudia, additional, Cionni, Irene, additional, Coll, John, additional, Crezee, Bas, additional, Cristofanelli, Paolo, additional, de Toma, Vincenzo, additional, Hesham Essa, Yassmin, additional, Eyring, Veronika, additional, Fierli, Federico, additional, Grant, Luke, additional, Hassler, Birgit, additional, Hirschi, Martin, additional, Huybrechts, Philippe, additional, Le Merle, Eva, additional, Elisa Leonelli, Francesca, additional, Lin, Xia, additional, Madonna, Fabio, additional, Mason, Evan, additional, Massonnet, François, additional, Marcos, Marta, additional, Marullo, Salvatore, additional, Müller, Benjamin, additional, Obregon, Andre, additional, Organelli, Emanuele, additional, Palacz, Artur, additional, Pascual, Ananda, additional, Pisano, Andrea, additional, Putero, Davide, additional, Rana, Arun, additional, Sánchez-Román, Antonio, additional, Seneviratne, Sonia I., additional, Serva, Federico, additional, Storto, Andrea, additional, Thiery, Wim, additional, Throne, Peter, additional, Van Tricht, Lander, additional, Verhaegen, Yoni, additional, Volpe, Gianluca, additional, and Santoleri, Rosalia, additional

Published
2022
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24. Independent Quality Assessment of Essential Climate Variables: Lessons learnt from the Copernicus Climate Change Service

Author

UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Yang, Chunxue, Cagnazzo, Chiara, Artale, Vincenzo, Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno, Buontempo, Carlo, Busatto, Jacopo, Caporaso, Luca, Cesarini, Claudia, Cionni, Irene, Coll, John, Crezee, Bas, Cristofanelli, Paolo, de Toma, Vincenzo, Hesham Essa, Yassmin, Eyring, Veronika, Fierli, Federico, Grant, Luke, Hassler, Birgit, Hirschi, Martin, Huybrechts, Philippe, Le Merle, Eva, Elisa Leonelli, Francesca, Lin, Xia, Madonna, Fabio, Mason, Evan, Massonnet, François, Marcos, Marta, Marullo, Salvatore, Müller, Benjamin, Obregon, Andre, Organelli, Emanuele, Palacz, Artur, Pascual, Ananda, Pisano, Andrea, Putero, Davide, Rana, Arun, Sánchez-Román, Antonio, Seneviratne, Sonia I., Serva, Federico, Storto, Andrea, Thiery, Wim, Throne, Peter, Van Tricht, Lander, Verhaegen, Yoni, Volpe, Gianluca, Santoleri, Rosalia, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Yang, Chunxue, Cagnazzo, Chiara, Artale, Vincenzo, Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno, Buontempo, Carlo, Busatto, Jacopo, Caporaso, Luca, Cesarini, Claudia, Cionni, Irene, Coll, John, Crezee, Bas, Cristofanelli, Paolo, de Toma, Vincenzo, Hesham Essa, Yassmin, Eyring, Veronika, Fierli, Federico, Grant, Luke, Hassler, Birgit, Hirschi, Martin, Huybrechts, Philippe, Le Merle, Eva, Elisa Leonelli, Francesca, Lin, Xia, Madonna, Fabio, Mason, Evan, Massonnet, François, Marcos, Marta, Marullo, Salvatore, Müller, Benjamin, Obregon, Andre, Organelli, Emanuele, Palacz, Artur, Pascual, Ananda, Pisano, Andrea, Putero, Davide, Rana, Arun, Sánchez-Román, Antonio, Seneviratne, Sonia I., Serva, Federico, Storto, Andrea, Thiery, Wim, Throne, Peter, Van Tricht, Lander, Verhaegen, Yoni, Volpe, Gianluca, and Santoleri, Rosalia

Published
2022

25. Independent Quality Assessment of Essential Climate Variables: Lessons learnt from the Copernicus Climate Change Service

Author

Yang, Chunxue, Cagnazzo, Chiara, Artale, Vincenzo, Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno, Buontempo, Carlo, Busatto, Jacopo, Caporaso, Luca, Cesarini, Claudia, Cionni, Irene, Coll, John, Crezee, Bas, Cristofanelli, Paolo, de Toma, Vincenzo, Hesham Essa, Yassmin, Eyring, Veronika, Fierli, Federico, Grant, Luke, Hassler, Birgit, Hirschi, Martin, Huybrechts, Philippe, Le Merle, Eva, Elisa Leonelli, Francesca, Lin, Xia, Madonna, Fabio, Mason, Evan, Massonnet, François, Marcos, Marta, Marullo, Salvatore, Müller, Benjamin, Obregon, Andre, Organelli, Emanuele, Palacz, Artur, Pascual, Ananda, Pisano, Andrea, Putero, Davide, Rana, Arun, Sánchez-Román, Antonio, Seneviratne, Sonia I., Serva, Federico, Storto, Andrea, Thiery, Wim, Thorne, Peter, Van Tricht, Lander, Verhaegen, Yoni, Volpe, Gianluca, Santoleri, Rosalia, Yang, Chunxue, Cagnazzo, Chiara, Artale, Vincenzo, Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno, Buontempo, Carlo, Busatto, Jacopo, Caporaso, Luca, Cesarini, Claudia, Cionni, Irene, Coll, John, Crezee, Bas, Cristofanelli, Paolo, de Toma, Vincenzo, Hesham Essa, Yassmin, Eyring, Veronika, Fierli, Federico, Grant, Luke, Hassler, Birgit, Hirschi, Martin, Huybrechts, Philippe, Le Merle, Eva, Elisa Leonelli, Francesca, Lin, Xia, Madonna, Fabio, Mason, Evan, Massonnet, François, Marcos, Marta, Marullo, Salvatore, Müller, Benjamin, Obregon, Andre, Organelli, Emanuele, Palacz, Artur, Pascual, Ananda, Pisano, Andrea, Putero, Davide, Rana, Arun, Sánchez-Román, Antonio, Seneviratne, Sonia I., Serva, Federico, Storto, Andrea, Thiery, Wim, Thorne, Peter, Van Tricht, Lander, Verhaegen, Yoni, Volpe, Gianluca, and Santoleri, Rosalia

Abstract

If climate services are to lead to effective use of climate information in decision-making to enable the transition to a climate-smart, climate-ready world, then the question of trust in the products and services is of paramount importance. The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) has been actively grappling with how to build such trust: provision of demonstrably independent assessments of the quality of products, which was deemed an important element in such trust-building processes. C3S provides access to essential climate variables (ECVs) from multiple sources to a broad set of users ranging from scientists to private companies and decision-makers. Here we outline the approach ­undertaken to coherently assess the quality of a suite of observation- and reanalysis-based ECV products covering the atmosphere, ocean, land, and cryosphere. The assessment is based on four pillars: basic data checks, maturity of the datasets, fitness for purpose (scientific use cases and climate studies), and guidance to users. It is undertaken independently by scientific experts and presented alongside the datasets in a fully traceable, replicable, and transparent manner. The methodology deployed is detailed, and example assessments are given. These independent scientific quality assessments are intended to guide users to ensure they use tools and datasets that are fit for purpose to answer their specific needs rather than simply use the first product they alight on. This is the first such effort to develop and apply an assessment framework consistently to all ECVs. Lessons learned and future perspectives are outlined to potentially improve future assessment activities and thus climate services.

Published
2022

26. Independent Quality Assessment of Essential Climate Variables: Lessons Learned from the Copernicus Climate Change Service

Author

European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Yang, Chunxue, Cagnazzo, Chiara, Artale, Vincenzo, Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno, Buontempo, Carlo, Busatto, Jacopo, Caporaso, Luca, Cesarini, Claudia, Cionni, Irene, Coll, John, Crezee, Bas, Cristofanelli, Paolo, Toma, Vincenzo de, Hesham, Yassmin, Eyring, Veronika, Fierli, Federico, Grant, Luke, Hassler, Birgit, Hirschi, Martin, Huybrechts, Philippe, Le Merle, Eva, Leonelli, Francisca Elisa, Lin, Xia, Madonna, Fabio, Mason, Evan, Massonet, François, Marcos, Marta, Marullo, Salvatore, Müller, Benjamin, Obregon, André, Organelli, Emanuele, Palacz, Artur, Pascual, Ananda, Pisano, Andrea, Putero, Davide, Rana, Arun, Sánchez-Román, Antonio, Seneviratne, Sonia I., Serva, Federico, Storto, Andrea, Thiery, Wim, Throne, Peter, Tricht, Lander van, Verhaegen, Yoni, Volpe, Gianluca, Santoleri, Rosalia, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Yang, Chunxue, Cagnazzo, Chiara, Artale, Vincenzo, Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno, Buontempo, Carlo, Busatto, Jacopo, Caporaso, Luca, Cesarini, Claudia, Cionni, Irene, Coll, John, Crezee, Bas, Cristofanelli, Paolo, Toma, Vincenzo de, Hesham, Yassmin, Eyring, Veronika, Fierli, Federico, Grant, Luke, Hassler, Birgit, Hirschi, Martin, Huybrechts, Philippe, Le Merle, Eva, Leonelli, Francisca Elisa, Lin, Xia, Madonna, Fabio, Mason, Evan, Massonet, François, Marcos, Marta, Marullo, Salvatore, Müller, Benjamin, Obregon, André, Organelli, Emanuele, Palacz, Artur, Pascual, Ananda, Pisano, Andrea, Putero, Davide, Rana, Arun, Sánchez-Román, Antonio, Seneviratne, Sonia I., Serva, Federico, Storto, Andrea, Thiery, Wim, Throne, Peter, Tricht, Lander van, Verhaegen, Yoni, Volpe, Gianluca, and Santoleri, Rosalia

Abstract

If climate services are to lead to effective use of climate information in decision-making to enable the transition to a climate-smart, climate-ready world, then the question of trust in the products and services is of paramount importance. The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) has been actively grappling with how to build such trust: provision of demonstrably independent assessments of the quality of products, which was deemed an important element in such trust-building processes. C3S provides access to essential climate variables (ECVs) from multiple sources to a broad set of users ranging from scientists to private companies and decision-makers. Here we outline the approach ­undertaken to coherently assess the quality of a suite of observation- and reanalysis-based ECV products covering the atmosphere, ocean, land, and cryosphere. The assessment is based on four pillars: basic data checks, maturity of the datasets, fitness for purpose (scientific use cases and climate studies), and guidance to users. It is undertaken independently by scientific experts and presented alongside the datasets in a fully traceable, replicable, and transparent manner. The methodology deployed is detailed, and example assessments are given. These independent scientific quality assessments are intended to guide users to ensure they use tools and datasets that are fit for purpose to answer their specific needs rather than simply use the first product they alight on. This is the first such effort to develop and apply an assessment framework consistently to all ECVs. Lessons learned and future perspectives are outlined to potentially improve future assessment activities and thus climate services.

Published
2022

27. Global Climate

Author

Natural Environment Research Council (UK), European Commission, Department of Energy (US)an), Estonian Research Council, National Research Foundation of Korea, European Research Council, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Fundación BBVA, Royal Society (UK), NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Dunn, Robert J. H., Aldred, Freya, Gobron, Nadine, Miller, John B., Willett, Kate M., Ades, Melanie, Adler, Robert, Allan, R. P., Anderson, John, Anneville, Orlane, Aono, Yasuyuki, Argüez, Anthony, Arosio, Carlo, Augustine, John A., Azorín-Molina, César, Barichivich, Jonathan, Basu, Aman, Beck, Hylke E., Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Blagrave, Kevin, Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bock, Olivier, Bodin, Xavier, Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Bove, Gerald, Buechler, Dennis, Buehler, Stefan A., Carrea, Laura, Chang, Kai-Lan, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Chung, Eui-Seok, Ciasto, Laura M., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Cooper, Owen R., Cornes, Richard C., Covey, Curt, Cropper, Thomas, Crotwell, Molly, Cusicanqui, Diego, Davis, Sean M., Jeu, Richard A. M. de, Degenstein, Doug, Delaloye, Reynald, Donat, Markus G., Dorigo, Wouter A., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Duveiller, Gregory, Elkins, James W., Estilow, Thomas W., Fedaeff, Nava, Fereday, David, Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Foster, Michael J., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Füllekrug, Martin, Garforth, Judith, Garg, Jay, Gentry, Matthew, Goodman, Steven, Gou, Qiqi, Granin, Nikolay, Guglielmin, Mauro, Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Brad D., Harris, Ian, Hemming, Debbie L., Hirschi, Martin, Ho, Shu-pen (Ben), Holzworth, Robert, Hrbáček, Filip, Hubert, Daan, Hulsman, Petra, Hurst, Dale F., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, Ketil, John, Viju O., Jones, Philip D., Junod, Robert, Kääb, Andreas, Kaiser, Johannes W., Kaufmann, Viktor, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, Kent, Elizabeth C., Kidd, Richard, Kim, Hyungiun, Kipling, Zak, Koppa, Akash, Henning L’Abée-Lund, Jan, Lan, Xin, Lantz, Kathleen O., Lavers, David, Loeb, Norman G., Loyola, Diego, Madelon, Remi, Malmquist, Hilmar J., Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Mayer, Michael, McCabe, Matthew F., McVicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Menzel, Annette, Merchant, Christopher J., Miralles, Diego G., Montzka, Stephen A., Morice, Colin, Mösinger, Leander, Mühle, Jens, Nicolas, Julien P., Noetzli, Jeannette, Nõges, Tiina, Noll, Ben, O’Keefe, John, Osborn, Tim J., Park, Taejin, Pellet, Cecile, Pelto, Maury S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E., Phillips, Coda, Po-Chedley, Stephen, Polvani, Lorenzo, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, Price, Colin, Pulkkanen, Merja, Rains, Dominik G., Randel, William J., Rémy, Samuel, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, Richardson, Andrew D., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rodríguez-Fernández, Nemesio J., Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rozanov, Alexei, Rutishäuser, This, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, Schenzinger, Verena, Schlegel, Robert W., Schneider, Udo, Sharma, Sapna, Shi, Lei, Simmons, Adrian J., Siso, Carolina, Smith, Sharon L., Soden, Brian J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, Tim H., Stackhouse Jr., Paul W., Stauffer, Ryan, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Steiner, Andrea K., Stewart, Kenton, Stradiotti, Pietro, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Telg, Hagen, Thackeray, Stephen J., Thibert, Emmanuel, Todt, Michael, Tokuda, Daisuke, Tourpali, Kleareti, Tye, Mari R., Van der A, Ronald, Schalie, Robin van der, Schrier, Gerard van der, Vliet, Mendy van der, Werf, Guido R. van der, Vliet, Arnold. van, Vernier, Jean-Paul, Vimont, Isaac J., Virts, Katrina, Vivero, Sebastiàn, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wang, Ray H. J., Weber, Markus, Wiese, David, Wild, Jeanette D., Williams, Earle, Wong, Takmeng, Woolway, R. Iestyn, Yin, Xungang, Yuan, Ye, Zhao, Lin, Zhou, Xinjia, Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus, Zotta, Ruxandra M., Natural Environment Research Council (UK), European Commission, Department of Energy (US)an), Estonian Research Council, National Research Foundation of Korea, European Research Council, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Fundación BBVA, Royal Society (UK), NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Dunn, Robert J. H., Aldred, Freya, Gobron, Nadine, Miller, John B., Willett, Kate M., Ades, Melanie, Adler, Robert, Allan, R. P., Anderson, John, Anneville, Orlane, Aono, Yasuyuki, Argüez, Anthony, Arosio, Carlo, Augustine, John A., Azorín-Molina, César, Barichivich, Jonathan, Basu, Aman, Beck, Hylke E., Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Blagrave, Kevin, Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bock, Olivier, Bodin, Xavier, Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Bove, Gerald, Buechler, Dennis, Buehler, Stefan A., Carrea, Laura, Chang, Kai-Lan, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Chung, Eui-Seok, Ciasto, Laura M., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Cooper, Owen R., Cornes, Richard C., Covey, Curt, Cropper, Thomas, Crotwell, Molly, Cusicanqui, Diego, Davis, Sean M., Jeu, Richard A. M. de, Degenstein, Doug, Delaloye, Reynald, Donat, Markus G., Dorigo, Wouter A., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Duveiller, Gregory, Elkins, James W., Estilow, Thomas W., Fedaeff, Nava, Fereday, David, Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Foster, Michael J., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Füllekrug, Martin, Garforth, Judith, Garg, Jay, Gentry, Matthew, Goodman, Steven, Gou, Qiqi, Granin, Nikolay, Guglielmin, Mauro, Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Brad D., Harris, Ian, Hemming, Debbie L., Hirschi, Martin, Ho, Shu-pen (Ben), Holzworth, Robert, Hrbáček, Filip, Hubert, Daan, Hulsman, Petra, Hurst, Dale F., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, Ketil, John, Viju O., Jones, Philip D., Junod, Robert, Kääb, Andreas, Kaiser, Johannes W., Kaufmann, Viktor, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, Kent, Elizabeth C., Kidd, Richard, Kim, Hyungiun, Kipling, Zak, Koppa, Akash, Henning L’Abée-Lund, Jan, Lan, Xin, Lantz, Kathleen O., Lavers, David, Loeb, Norman G., Loyola, Diego, Madelon, Remi, Malmquist, Hilmar J., Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Mayer, Michael, McCabe, Matthew F., McVicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Menzel, Annette, Merchant, Christopher J., Miralles, Diego G., Montzka, Stephen A., Morice, Colin, Mösinger, Leander, Mühle, Jens, Nicolas, Julien P., Noetzli, Jeannette, Nõges, Tiina, Noll, Ben, O’Keefe, John, Osborn, Tim J., Park, Taejin, Pellet, Cecile, Pelto, Maury S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E., Phillips, Coda, Po-Chedley, Stephen, Polvani, Lorenzo, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, Price, Colin, Pulkkanen, Merja, Rains, Dominik G., Randel, William J., Rémy, Samuel, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, Richardson, Andrew D., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rodríguez-Fernández, Nemesio J., Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rozanov, Alexei, Rutishäuser, This, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, Schenzinger, Verena, Schlegel, Robert W., Schneider, Udo, Sharma, Sapna, Shi, Lei, Simmons, Adrian J., Siso, Carolina, Smith, Sharon L., Soden, Brian J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, Tim H., Stackhouse Jr., Paul W., Stauffer, Ryan, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Steiner, Andrea K., Stewart, Kenton, Stradiotti, Pietro, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Telg, Hagen, Thackeray, Stephen J., Thibert, Emmanuel, Todt, Michael, Tokuda, Daisuke, Tourpali, Kleareti, Tye, Mari R., Van der A, Ronald, Schalie, Robin van der, Schrier, Gerard van der, Vliet, Mendy van der, Werf, Guido R. van der, Vliet, Arnold. van, Vernier, Jean-Paul, Vimont, Isaac J., Virts, Katrina, Vivero, Sebastiàn, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wang, Ray H. J., Weber, Markus, Wiese, David, Wild, Jeanette D., Williams, Earle, Wong, Takmeng, Woolway, R. Iestyn, Yin, Xungang, Yuan, Ye, Zhao, Lin, Zhou, Xinjia, Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus, and Zotta, Ruxandra M.

Abstract

In 2021, both social and economic activities began to return towards the levels preceding the COVID-19 pandemic for some parts of the globe, with others still experiencing restrictions. Meanwhile, the climate has continued to respond to the ongoing increase in greenhouse gases and resulting warming. La Niña, a phenomenon which tends to depress global temperatures while changing rainfall patterns in many regions, prevailed for all but two months of the year. Despite this, 2021 was one of the six-warmest years on record as measured by global mean surface temperature with an anomaly of between +0.21° and +0.28°C above the 1991–2020 climatology.

Published
2022

28. Global Climate: STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2021

Author

Ades, Melanie, Adler, Robert, Aldred, Freya, Allan, R. P., Anderson, John, Anneville, Orlane, Aono, Yasuyuki, Argüez, Anthony, Arosio, Carlo, Augustine, John A., Azorin-Molina, Cesar, Barichivich, Jonathan, Basu, Aman, Beck, Hylke E., Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Blagrave, Kevin, Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bock, Olivier, Bodin, Xavier, Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Bove, Gerald, Buechler, Dennis, Buehler, Stefan A., Carrea, Laura, Chang, Kai Lan, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Chung, Eui Seok, Ciasto, Laura M., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Cooper, Owen R., Cornes, Richard C., Covey, Curt, Cropper, Thomas, Crotwell, Molly, Cusicanqui, Diego, Davis, Sean M., de Jeu, Richard A.M., Degenstein, Doug, Delaloye, Reynald, Donat, Markus G., Dorigo, Wouter A., Dunn, Robert J.H., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Duveiller, Gregory, Elkins, James W., Estilow, Thomas W., Fedaeff, Nava, Fereday, David, Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Foster, Michael J., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Füllekrug, Martin, Garforth, Judith, Garg, Jay, Gentry, Matthew, Gobron, Nadine, Goodman, Steven, Gou, Qiqi, Granin, Nikolay, Guglielmin, Mauro, Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Brad D., Harris, Ian, Hemming, Debbie L., Hirschi, Martin, Ho, Shu Pen, Holzworth, Robert, Hrbáček, Filip, Hubert, Daan, Hulsman, Petra, Hurst, Dale F., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, Ketil, John, Viju O., Jones, Philip D., Junod, Robert, Kääb, Andreas, Kaiser, Johannes W., Kaufmann, Viktor, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, Kent, Elizabeth C., Kidd, Richard, Kim, Hyungiun, Kipling, Zak, Koppa, Akash, L'Abée-Lund, Jan Henning, Lan, Xin, Lantz, Kathleen O., Lavers, David, Loeb, Norman G., Loyola, Diego, Madelon, Remi, Malmquist, Hilmar J., Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Mayer, Michael, McCabe, Matthew F., McVicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Menzel, Annette, Merchant, Christopher J., Miller, John B., Miralles, Diego G., Montzka, Stephen A., Morice, Colin, Mösinger, Leander, Mühle, Jens, Nicolas, Julien P., Noetzli, Jeannette, Nõges, Tiina, Noll, Ben, O'Keefe, John, Osborn, Tim J., Park, Taejin, Pellet, Cecile, Pelto, Maury S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E., Phillips, Coda, Po-Chedley, Stephen, Polvani, Lorenzo, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, Price, Colin, Pulkkanen, Merja, Rains, Dominik G., Randel, William J., Rémy, Samuel, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, Richardson, Andrew D., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rodríguez-Fernández, Nemesio J., Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rozanov, Alexei, Rutishäuser, This, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, Schenzinger, Verena, Schlegel, Robert W., Schneider, Udo, Sharma, Sapna, Shi, Lei, Simmons, Adrian J., Siso, Carolina, Smith, Sharon L., Soden, Brian J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, Tim H., Stackhouse, Paul W., Stauffer, Ryan, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Steiner, Andrea K., Stewart, Kenton, Stradiotti, Pietro, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Telg, Hagen, Thackeray, Stephen J., Thibert, Emmanuel, Todt, Michael, Tokuda, Daisuke, Tourpali, Kleareti, Tye, Mari R., Van Der, A. Ronald, van der Schalie, Robin, van der Schrier, Gerard, van der Vliet, Mendy, van der Werf, Guido R., van Vliet, Arnold, Vernier, Jean Paul, Vimont, Isaac J., Virts, Katrina, Vivero, Sebastiàn, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wang, Ray H.J., Weber, Markus, Wiese, David, Wild, Jeanette D., Willett, Kate M., Williams, Earle, Wong, Takmeng, Woolway, R. I., Yin, Xungang, Yuan, Ye, Zhao, Lin, Zhou, Xinjia, Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus, Zotta, Ruxandra M., Allen, Jessicca, Camper, Amy, Hammer, Gregory, Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, Misch, Deborah J., Ohlmann, Laura, Riddle, Deborah B., Veasey, Sara W., Ades, Melanie, Adler, Robert, Aldred, Freya, Allan, R. P., Anderson, John, Anneville, Orlane, Aono, Yasuyuki, Argüez, Anthony, Arosio, Carlo, Augustine, John A., Azorin-Molina, Cesar, Barichivich, Jonathan, Basu, Aman, Beck, Hylke E., Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Blagrave, Kevin, Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bock, Olivier, Bodin, Xavier, Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Bove, Gerald, Buechler, Dennis, Buehler, Stefan A., Carrea, Laura, Chang, Kai Lan, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Chung, Eui Seok, Ciasto, Laura M., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Cooper, Owen R., Cornes, Richard C., Covey, Curt, Cropper, Thomas, Crotwell, Molly, Cusicanqui, Diego, Davis, Sean M., de Jeu, Richard A.M., Degenstein, Doug, Delaloye, Reynald, Donat, Markus G., Dorigo, Wouter A., Dunn, Robert J.H., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Duveiller, Gregory, Elkins, James W., Estilow, Thomas W., Fedaeff, Nava, Fereday, David, Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Foster, Michael J., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Füllekrug, Martin, Garforth, Judith, Garg, Jay, Gentry, Matthew, Gobron, Nadine, Goodman, Steven, Gou, Qiqi, Granin, Nikolay, Guglielmin, Mauro, Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Brad D., Harris, Ian, Hemming, Debbie L., Hirschi, Martin, Ho, Shu Pen, Holzworth, Robert, Hrbáček, Filip, Hubert, Daan, Hulsman, Petra, Hurst, Dale F., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, Ketil, John, Viju O., Jones, Philip D., Junod, Robert, Kääb, Andreas, Kaiser, Johannes W., Kaufmann, Viktor, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, Kent, Elizabeth C., Kidd, Richard, Kim, Hyungiun, Kipling, Zak, Koppa, Akash, L'Abée-Lund, Jan Henning, Lan, Xin, Lantz, Kathleen O., Lavers, David, Loeb, Norman G., Loyola, Diego, Madelon, Remi, Malmquist, Hilmar J., Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Mayer, Michael, McCabe, Matthew F., McVicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Menzel, Annette, Merchant, Christopher J., Miller, John B., Miralles, Diego G., Montzka, Stephen A., Morice, Colin, Mösinger, Leander, Mühle, Jens, Nicolas, Julien P., Noetzli, Jeannette, Nõges, Tiina, Noll, Ben, O'Keefe, John, Osborn, Tim J., Park, Taejin, Pellet, Cecile, Pelto, Maury S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E., Phillips, Coda, Po-Chedley, Stephen, Polvani, Lorenzo, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, Price, Colin, Pulkkanen, Merja, Rains, Dominik G., Randel, William J., Rémy, Samuel, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, Richardson, Andrew D., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rodríguez-Fernández, Nemesio J., Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rozanov, Alexei, Rutishäuser, This, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, Schenzinger, Verena, Schlegel, Robert W., Schneider, Udo, Sharma, Sapna, Shi, Lei, Simmons, Adrian J., Siso, Carolina, Smith, Sharon L., Soden, Brian J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, Tim H., Stackhouse, Paul W., Stauffer, Ryan, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Steiner, Andrea K., Stewart, Kenton, Stradiotti, Pietro, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Telg, Hagen, Thackeray, Stephen J., Thibert, Emmanuel, Todt, Michael, Tokuda, Daisuke, Tourpali, Kleareti, Tye, Mari R., Van Der, A. Ronald, van der Schalie, Robin, van der Schrier, Gerard, van der Vliet, Mendy, van der Werf, Guido R., van Vliet, Arnold, Vernier, Jean Paul, Vimont, Isaac J., Virts, Katrina, Vivero, Sebastiàn, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wang, Ray H.J., Weber, Markus, Wiese, David, Wild, Jeanette D., Willett, Kate M., Williams, Earle, Wong, Takmeng, Woolway, R. I., Yin, Xungang, Yuan, Ye, Zhao, Lin, Zhou, Xinjia, Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus, Zotta, Ruxandra M., Allen, Jessicca, Camper, Amy, Hammer, Gregory, Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, Misch, Deborah J., Ohlmann, Laura, Riddle, Deborah B., and Veasey, Sara W.

Published
2022
Full Text
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29. Global Climate

Author

Dunn, Robert J. H., Aldred, Freya, Gobron, Nadine, Miller, John B., Willett, Kate M., Ades, Melanie, Adler, Robert, Allan, R. P., Anderson, John, Anneville, Orlane, Aono, Yasuyuki, Argüez, Anthony, Arosio, Carlo, Augustine, John A., Azorin-Molina, Cesar, Barichivich, Jonathan, Basu, Aman, Beck, Hylke E., Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Blagrave, Kevin, Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bock, Olivier, Bodin, Xavier, Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Bove, Gerald, Buechler, Dennis, Buehler, Stefan A., Carrea, Laura, Chang, Kai-Lan, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Chung, Eui-Seok, Ciasto, Laura M., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Cooper, Owen R., Cornes, Richard C., Covey, Curt, Cropper, Thomas, Crotwell, Molly, Cusicanqui, Diego, Davis, Sean M., de Jeu, Richard A. M., Degenstein, Doug, Delaloye, Reynald, Donat, Markus G., Dorigo, Wouter A., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Duveiller, Gregory, Elkins, James W., Estilow, Thomas W., Fedaeff, Nava, Fereday, David, Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Foster, Michael J., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Füllekrug, Martin, Garforth, Judith, Garg, Jay, Gentry, Matthew, Goodman, Steven, Gou, Qiqi, Granin, Nikolay, Guglielmin, Mauro, Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Brad D., Harris, Ian, Hemming, Debbie L., Hirschi, Martin, Ho, Shu-pen (Ben), Holzworth, Robert, Hrbáček, Filip, Hubert, Daan, Hulsman, Petra, Hurst, Dale F., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, Ketil, John, Viju O., Jones, Philip D., Junod, Robert, Kääb, Andreas, Kaiser, Johannes W., Kaufmann, Viktor, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, Kent, Elizabeth C., Kidd, Richard, Kim, Hyungiun, Kipling, Zak, Koppa, Akash, L’Abée-Lund, Jan Henning, Lan, Xin, Lantz, Kathleen O., Lavers, David, Loeb, Norman G., Loyola, Diego, Madelon, Remi, Malmquist, Hilmar J., Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Mayer, Michael, McCabe, Matthew F., McVicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Menzel, Annette, Merchant, Christopher J., Miralles, Diego G., Montzka, Stephen A., Morice, Colin, Mösinger, Leander, Mühle, Jens, Nicolas, Julien P., Noetzli, Jeannette, Nõges, Tiina, Noll, Ben, O’Keefe, John, Osborn, Tim J., Park, Taejin, Pellet, Cecile, Pelto, Maury S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E., Phillips, Coda, Po-Chedley, Stephen, Polvani, Lorenzo, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, Price, Colin, Pulkkanen, Merja, Rains, Dominik G., Randel, William J., Rémy, Samuel, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, Richardson, Andrew D., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rodríguez-Fernández, Nemesio J., Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rozanov, Alexei, Rutishäuser, This, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, Schenzinger, Verena, Schlegel, Robert W., Schneider, Udo, Sharma, Sapna, Shi, Lei, Simmons, Adrian J., Siso, Carolina, Smith, Sharon L., Soden, Brian J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, Tim H., Stackhouse, Paul W., Stauffer, Ryan, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Steiner, Andrea K., Stewart, Kenton, Stradiotti, Pietro, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Telg, Hagen, Thackeray, Stephen J., Thibert, Emmanuel, Todt, Michael, Tokuda, Daisuke, Tourpali, Kleareti, Tye, Mari R., van der A, Ronald, van der Schalie, Robin, van der Schrier, Gerard, van der Vliet, Mendy, van der Werf, Guido R., van Vliet, Arnold., Vernier, Jean-Paul, Vimont, Isaac J., Virts, Katrina, Vivero, Sebastiàn, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wang, Ray H. J., Weber, Markus, Wiese, David, Wild, Jeanette D., Williams, Earle, Wong, Takmeng, Woolway, R. I., Yin, Xungang, Yuan, Ye, Zhao, Lin, Zhou, Xinjia, Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus, Zotta, Ruxandra M., Dunn, Robert J. H., Aldred, Freya, Gobron, Nadine, Miller, John B., Willett, Kate M., Ades, Melanie, Adler, Robert, Allan, R. P., Anderson, John, Anneville, Orlane, Aono, Yasuyuki, Argüez, Anthony, Arosio, Carlo, Augustine, John A., Azorin-Molina, Cesar, Barichivich, Jonathan, Basu, Aman, Beck, Hylke E., Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Blagrave, Kevin, Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bock, Olivier, Bodin, Xavier, Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Bove, Gerald, Buechler, Dennis, Buehler, Stefan A., Carrea, Laura, Chang, Kai-Lan, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Chung, Eui-Seok, Ciasto, Laura M., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Cooper, Owen R., Cornes, Richard C., Covey, Curt, Cropper, Thomas, Crotwell, Molly, Cusicanqui, Diego, Davis, Sean M., de Jeu, Richard A. M., Degenstein, Doug, Delaloye, Reynald, Donat, Markus G., Dorigo, Wouter A., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Duveiller, Gregory, Elkins, James W., Estilow, Thomas W., Fedaeff, Nava, Fereday, David, Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Foster, Michael J., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Füllekrug, Martin, Garforth, Judith, Garg, Jay, Gentry, Matthew, Goodman, Steven, Gou, Qiqi, Granin, Nikolay, Guglielmin, Mauro, Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Brad D., Harris, Ian, Hemming, Debbie L., Hirschi, Martin, Ho, Shu-pen (Ben), Holzworth, Robert, Hrbáček, Filip, Hubert, Daan, Hulsman, Petra, Hurst, Dale F., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, Ketil, John, Viju O., Jones, Philip D., Junod, Robert, Kääb, Andreas, Kaiser, Johannes W., Kaufmann, Viktor, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, Kent, Elizabeth C., Kidd, Richard, Kim, Hyungiun, Kipling, Zak, Koppa, Akash, L’Abée-Lund, Jan Henning, Lan, Xin, Lantz, Kathleen O., Lavers, David, Loeb, Norman G., Loyola, Diego, Madelon, Remi, Malmquist, Hilmar J., Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Mayer, Michael, McCabe, Matthew F., McVicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Menzel, Annette, Merchant, Christopher J., Miralles, Diego G., Montzka, Stephen A., Morice, Colin, Mösinger, Leander, Mühle, Jens, Nicolas, Julien P., Noetzli, Jeannette, Nõges, Tiina, Noll, Ben, O’Keefe, John, Osborn, Tim J., Park, Taejin, Pellet, Cecile, Pelto, Maury S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E., Phillips, Coda, Po-Chedley, Stephen, Polvani, Lorenzo, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, Price, Colin, Pulkkanen, Merja, Rains, Dominik G., Randel, William J., Rémy, Samuel, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, Richardson, Andrew D., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rodríguez-Fernández, Nemesio J., Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rozanov, Alexei, Rutishäuser, This, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, Schenzinger, Verena, Schlegel, Robert W., Schneider, Udo, Sharma, Sapna, Shi, Lei, Simmons, Adrian J., Siso, Carolina, Smith, Sharon L., Soden, Brian J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, Tim H., Stackhouse, Paul W., Stauffer, Ryan, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Steiner, Andrea K., Stewart, Kenton, Stradiotti, Pietro, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Telg, Hagen, Thackeray, Stephen J., Thibert, Emmanuel, Todt, Michael, Tokuda, Daisuke, Tourpali, Kleareti, Tye, Mari R., van der A, Ronald, van der Schalie, Robin, van der Schrier, Gerard, van der Vliet, Mendy, van der Werf, Guido R., van Vliet, Arnold., Vernier, Jean-Paul, Vimont, Isaac J., Virts, Katrina, Vivero, Sebastiàn, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wang, Ray H. J., Weber, Markus, Wiese, David, Wild, Jeanette D., Williams, Earle, Wong, Takmeng, Woolway, R. I., Yin, Xungang, Yuan, Ye, Zhao, Lin, Zhou, Xinjia, Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus, and Zotta, Ruxandra M.

Abstract

In 2021, both social and economic activities began to return towards the levels preceding the COVID-19 pandemic for some parts of the globe, with others still experiencing restrictions. Meanwhile, the climate has continued to respond to the ongoing increase in greenhouse gases and resulting warming. La Niña, a phenomenon which tends to depress global temperatures while changing rainfall patterns in many regions, prevailed for all but two months of the year. Despite this, 2021 was one of the six-warmest years on record as measured by global mean surface temperature with an anomaly of between +0.21° and +0.28°C above the 1991–2020 climatology. Lake surface temperatures were their highest on record during 2021. The number of warm days over land also reached a new record high. Exceptional heat waves struck the Pacific Coast of North America, leading to a new Canadian maximum temperature of 49.6°C at Lytton, British Columbia, on 29 June, breaking the previous national record by over 4°C. In Death Valley, California, the peak temperature reached 54.4°C on 9 July, equaling the temperature measured in 2020, and the highest temperature recorded anywhere on the globe since at least the 1930s. Over the Mediterranean, a provisional new European record of 48.8°C was set in Sicily on 11 August. In the atmosphere, the annual mean tropospheric temperature was among the 10 highest on record, while the stratosphere continued to cool. While La Niña was present except for June and July, likely influencing Australia’s coolest year since 2012 and wettest since 2016, other modes of variability played important roles. A negative Indian Ocean dipole event became established during July, associated with a warmer east and cooler west Indian Ocean. Northern Hemisphere winters were affected by a negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation at both the beginning and end of 2021. In the Southern Hemisphere, a very strong positive Southern Annular Mode (also known as the Antarctic Oscillation)

Published
2022

39. Insuring crops from space: the potential of satellite-retrieved soil moisture to reduce farmers’ drought risk exposure

Author

Vroege, Willemijn, Bucheli, Janic, Dalhaus, T.P.F., Hirschi, Martin, Finger, R., Vroege, Willemijn, Bucheli, Janic, Dalhaus, T.P.F., Hirschi, Martin, and Finger, R.

Abstract

Crop producers face significant and increasing drought risks. We evaluate whether insurances based on globally and freely available satellite-retrieved soil moisture data can reduce farms’ financial drought risk exposure. We design farm individual soil moisture index insurances for wheat, maize and rapeseed production using a case study for Eastern Germany. We find that the satellite-retrieved soil moisture index insurances significantly decrease risk exposure for these crops compared to the situation where production is not insured. The satellite-retrieved index also outperforms one based on soil moisture estimates derived from meteorological measurements at ground stations. Important implications for insurers and policy makers are that they could and should develop better suited insurances. Available satellite-retrieved data can be used to increase farmers’ resilience in a changing climate.

Published
2021

42. ESA CCI and C3S Soil Moisture Products: Generation and Quality Assurance

Author

Scanlon, Tracy, primary, Dorigo, Wouter, additional, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, additional, van der Schalie, Robin, additional, Hirschi, Martin, additional, van der Vliet, Mendy, additional, Moesinger, Leander, additional, Rodriguez-Fernandez, Nemesio, additional, Pasik, Adam, additional, Kidd, Richard, additional, and de Jeu, Richard, additional

Published
2021
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45. An inter-comparison of regional climate models for Europe: model performance in present-day climate

Author

Jacob, Daniela, Bärring, Lars, Christensen, Ole Bøssing, Christensen, Jens Hesselbjerg, de Castro, Manuel, Déqué, Michel, Giorgi, Filippo, Hagemann, Stefan, Hirschi, Martin, Jones, Richard, Kjellström, Erik, Lenderink, Geert, Rockel, Burkhardt, Sánchez, Enrique, Schär, Christoph, Seneviratne, Sonia I., Somot, Samuel, van Ulden, Aad, and van den Hurk, Bart

Published
2007
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46. Evaluation of different methods for gap filling of long‐term actual evapotranspiration time series measured by lysimeters

Author

Huang, Yafei, Hendricks-Franssen, Harrie-Jan, Vereecken, Harry, Herbst, Michael, Hirschi, Martin, Michel, Dominik, Seneviratne, Sonia I., Teuling, Adriaan J., Vogt, Roland, Detlef, Schumacher, and Pütz, Thomas

Subjects
Environmental sciences, QE1-996.5, WIMEK, ddc:550, Life Science, GE1-350, Geology, Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management, Hydrologie en Kwantitatief Waterbeheer
Abstract

Terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) is the second largest water flux in the global water cycle. It can be measured with different techniques; weighable lysimeters can provide very accurate measurements, and some very long‐term time series exist. However, these lysimeter time series are affected by data gaps that must be filled to estimate actual ET totals and long‐term trends. In this paper, we explore four different gap‐filling methods: the potential ET‐method, the ratio method, the FAO‐based water balance method, and HYDRUS modeling. These gap‐filling methods were evaluated for three time series of actual ET measured by lysimeters and meteorological data of three European sites. Separate evaluations were made for the five driest and five wettest April–October periods to investigate whether the performance of the gap‐filling methods was affected by hydrological conditions. Series of random gaps were artificially created for the three time series, including gaps of four different lengths. Actual ET was estimated for these gaps with the gap‐filling methods, which were evaluated based on RMSE and mean bias error. The results show that the ratio method outperformed other methods for gap filling of lysimeter data for Basel (Switzerland), whereas the HYDRUS method outperformed other methods for Rheindahlen (Germany). For Rietholzbach (Switzerland), the different methods performed very similarly, except that the FAO method gives slightly larger RMSEs. The gap‐filling methods do not perform very differently for dry and wet conditions. The ratio method is recommended for filling smaller gaps, and the HYDRUS method is recommended for longer gaps of 30 d., Vadose Zone Journal, 19 (1), ISSN:1539-1663

Published
2020

48. Global Contributions of Incoming Radiation and Land Surface Conditions to Maximum Near‐Surface Air Temperature Variability and Trend

Author

Schwingshackl, Clemens, Hirschi, Martin, and Seneviratne, Sonia I.

Subjects
Global Climate Models, Climate, Decadal Ocean Variability, Land/Atmosphere Interactions, Paleoceanography, Oceans, Research Letter, temperature variability, Geodesy and Gravity, Global Change, Climate Change and Variability, Climatology, Climate Variability, Climate and Interannual Variability, Energy Budgets, Research Letters, radiation, Oceanography: General, Mass Balance, temperature trend, Atmospheric Processes, linear regression, Hydrology, soil moisture, Atmospheric, Natural Hazards, Oceanography: Physical, albedo
Abstract

The evolution of near‐surface air temperature is influenced by various dynamical, radiative, and surface‐atmosphere exchange processes whose contributions are still not completely quantified. Applying stepwise multiple linear regression to Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) model simulations and focusing on radiation (diagnosed by incoming shortwave and incoming longwave radiation) and land surface conditions (diagnosed by soil moisture and albedo) about 79% of the interannual variability and 99% of the multidecadal trend of monthly mean daily maximum temperature over land can be explained. The linear model captures well the temperature variability in middle‐to‐high latitudes and in regions close to the equator, whereas its explanatory potential is limited in deserts. While radiation is an essential explanatory variable over almost all of the analyzed domain, land surface conditions show a pronounced relation to temperature in some confined regions. These findings highlight that considering local‐to‐regional processes is crucial for correctly assessing interannual temperature variability and future temperature trends., Key Points The used linear regression model explains about 79% of interannual temperature variability and 99% of multidecadal temperature trendRadiation explains on average about 75% to 85% of the total explained variance, while land surface conditions contribute about 15% to 25%Radiation is essential for explaining temperature variability almost everywhere, land surface conditions in some confined regions

Published
2018

49. Wasserbilanz und Trockenheit

Author

Hirschi, Martin, Davin, Edouard Léopold, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Wartenburger, Richard, Meier, Ronny, Gudmundsson, Lukas, and Seneviratne, Sonia I.

Subjects
climate change, plant physiology, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, water cycle, climate, irrigation
Published
2019
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50. Climate Extremes and Climate Indices

Author

Fischer, Erich M., Schär, Christoph, Ban, Nikolina, Bresch, David N., Casanueva, Ana, Feigenwinter, Iris, Graf, Michael Arthur, Hirschi, Martin, Kotlarski, Sven, Liniger, Mark, Raible, Christoph, Rajczak, Jan, Scherrer, Simon C., Seneviratne, Sonia I., Wartenburger, Richard, Fischer, Andreas M., and Strassmann, Kuno M.

Subjects
530 Physics, 550 Earth sciences & geology, 910 Geography & travel
Published
2018

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