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本研究は,看護基礎教育課程におけるライフサイクルを重視した看護教育の捉え方について成育看護・母性看護・小児看護の視点から分析し,今後の授業の方向性を明らかにすることを目的とした.研究デザインは,文献研究である.1999年から2008年までの10年間に発表された文献を検索し,「成育」「看護」に関して原著論文27件,「母子保健」「母性看護」「小児看護」に関して原著論文45件を分析対象とした.文献を分析した結果,母性から小児へのライフサイクルの連続性を重視した看護の必要性が明らかになった., The present study aimed to analyze the idea of the growth medical Treatment and the nursing at the nursing at the basic mursing education course from motherhood and infant's aspects,and to clarify the directionality of the class in the future. The study design is a literature Study.The document announced in ten years from 1999 to 2008 was retrieved and 45 original paper was analyzed for "Growth" and "Nursing" for 27 original paper and Maternal and child health, Motherhood nursing, and Children nursing. Thenecessity of nursing that valued The continuousness at The life cycle as a result of analyzing the document was clarified.

本報告は、平成20年度より開始された「質の高い大学教育推進プログラム」に、これまでの本学の国際交流・国際貢献の取組をまとめて応募した申請書の内容を中心としたものである。本学の、オーストラリア研修旅行、アメリカ研修旅行、カンボジア・スタディツアー、新見英語サロン等の実践についての報告である。, This report is based on the application form for the Distinctive University Education Support Program (Good Practice [GP]) of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. We have overviewed the Study Tour to Australia, the Study Tour to the United States of America, the Study Tour to Cambodia, Niimi English Salon and so forth.

本研究の目的は、学生が臨地実習前に感じるストレスの認知的評価とコーピング方略の関連を調査し、今後の実習支援や教育的効果を高めることである。臨地実習開始直前のA短期大学看護学科3年次生を対象に、自記式質問紙法を用いて調査を行った。その結果、認知的評価とコーピング方略尺度の5下位尺度の相関関係をみると、まず「影響性の評価」は、「積極的な問題解決」と「他者からの援助を求める」の間に低い相関が認められた。「脅威性の評価」は、「積極的な問題解決」にのみ低い相関が見られた。最後に「コントロール可能性」は「積極的な問題解決」と「逃避」に低い相関が見られた。「コミットメント」については、相関はみられなかった。よって、学生は実習を重要であり、自分自身に影響を与えるものとして捉えることで、「積極的な問題解決」「他者からの援助を求める」を行うことがわかった。また、「逃避」は一時的な行動であり、大きなストレスに対処するために冷静になる時間を確保するための行動であることがわかった。, This study investigated correlations between students' cognitive evaluation of stress they had felt before nursing practice and their coping strategies, with the aim of supporting the training and enhancing its educational effects in the future. A questionnaire survey was conducted among third-grade nursing students of a junior college immediately before the start of nursing practice. Analysis of their responses revealed certain correlations between 5 subscales of a coping strategy scale and their cognitive evaluation: "impact evaluation," was weakly correlated with "positively solve problems" and "seek help from others;" "threat evaluation," was weakly correlated with "positively solve problems" alone; "controllability" was weakly correlated with "positively solve problems" and "escape;" "Commitment" showed no correlation. These results indicated that students recognized nursing practice as important and influential to them, thus trying to "positively solve problems" and "seek help from others." It was also suggested that "escape" was a temporary behavior for students to refresh themselves in order to better cope with future stress.

新見公立短期大学カンボジア会の活動目的は、「1.開発途上国を知り、国際的視野を身につける」「2.国際協力について考える」「3.専門職としての教養と感性を磨く」である。これらの目的を元に、学内活動およびカンボジアでの活動を行っている。そこで今回、開発途上国との国際交流が看護学生に与えた影響と教育効果を明らかにし、今後のカンボジア会活動への示唆を得ることを目的とした。結果、現地に行くことで学生が持っていたカンボジアのイメージは払拭され、アジア地域ならではの活気あふれる姿に好感を持つようになっていった。また気候や風土の違い、言語や文化の違いによる価値観の異なりを実感していた。そして専門職としての視点を持ちつつ、自分の考える国際協力を実践すること、また、東南アジア地域への関心を持ち続けることを期待できる学生の反応であった。これらのことより、カンボジア研修は活動目的を達成するものであるといえる。, The missions of the Cambodia Circle of Niimi College are: 1) to understand developing countries and acquire global viewpoints, 2) to reflect on international cooperation, and 3) to refine professional intelligence and sensibilities. To achieve these goals, the circle is engaged in activities both on campus and in Cambodia. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts and educational effects of international exchanges with the country on nursing students who participated in a study tour there, and obtain suggestions for future activities of the circle. It was found that the students' previously inaccurate images of Cambodia were dispelled by visiting the country, becoming attracted by active lifestyles characteristic of certain Asian nations. They also became aware of the diversity in values stemming from differences in the climate, language, and culture between both countries. Furthermore, they behaved in a way we would expect of them to practice their own global cooperation from a professional viewpoint, and maintain their interest in Southeast Asia. These observations indicate that the study tour in Cambodia fulfills the circle's missions.

昨年の視察研修から1年が経過した。2007年1月、我我は、学生の国際的ボランティア活動の育成を目指す「新見公立短期大学カンボジア会」として、再びカンボジアを訪れた。内戦の爪跡が残る国を訪れ、人・生活・文化・医療に触れた学生は、何を感じ、学んだのだろうか。本稿では、学生の感想文をいくつか紹介すると共に、我我の「カンボジア会」が成し得る国際貢献のあり方を考える。, We, Cambodia Kai (group), visited Cambodia in 2007, with students of Niimi College, hoping they could understand International contributions for themselves. We reported here what they experienced and learned at Cambodia, then, we attempted to find out how we can carry out International Contributions in our way.

母性看護学は、対象者が妊産褥婦・新生児であり、特別な看護技術を要する。そこで、今回授業「母性看護学II」と実習直前に行っている学内演習が、「母性看護学実習」でどれくらい役立っているのかを検討することを目的に、実習を終えた学生を対象に調査を行った。結果は全ての項目において、「非常に役立った」「役立った」で6割を超えていた。また全体として新生児に関する項目の役立ちが高かった。また、状況を設定しアセスメントができるような学内演習の必要性も感じた。以上のことから、項目の設定は効果的であったが、より実習での学習効果を考えた教授方法の工夫が必要であることがわかった。, Maternal Nursing Science's objects are pregnancy, delivery, childbed women and newborn babies. Therefore we need special nursing care skills. For this research, we analyzed the reports of students after the maternal nursing practice for the purpose of knowing how much "the maternal nursing" and the preliminary nursing practice are useful for maternal nursing practice. As a result, more than sixty percent students answered "very useful" or "useful" in every category. Especially, contents related newborn babies are found useful. Also we felt that we need to have preliminary practice which has students do the assessment in a given condition. We found out that our preliminary practice is very effective, but that we need to improve the way of teaching so that the students can get more practical advantages.

平成19年度特色ある大学教育支援プログラムの「教育方法の工夫改善を主とする取組」に応募したところ、全国から331件の応募があり、本取組が審査によって選定された。短期大学士課程では、70件中12件のみ選定された。そこで、看護学科全員で取組んでいる看護研究について申請内容を中心に報告する。, We applied for Support Program for Distinctive University Education in the category of improvement of teaching methods in 2007, and was selected as one of the "Good Practice (GP)" out of 331 programs nationwide. Only 12 programs were chosen out of 70 applicants in the junior college division. This is a report of the application about the nursing research in which all the faculty members of the Department of Nursing have been engaged

本学の学生が国際ボランティア活動について学ぶことができる研修制度の設立のため、我々は、2006年1月5日～1月9日、カンボジアのシェムリアップ市においてボランティア活動を継続している岡山県に本部を置くNGOを視察した。その団体の活動は、孤児・地雷障害者・母子家庭・エイズ患者の支援プロジェクト、井戸掘り・ジャックフルーツ植樹プロジェクト、および職業訓練施設(子供レストラン技能学校)の運営などである。帰国後、「新見公立短大カンボジア会」を設立して学生メンバーを募った。現在、我々は、支援物資の調達などの国内ボランティア活動、定例ワークショップの開催、開発途上国とそれらの国に係わるNGO (nongovernmental organization:非政府組織)のこと、国際協力に関する啓発・学習などを行っている。本稿では、カンボジアでの現地研修の報告と共に、今後の「新見公立短大カンボジア会」活動について検討する。, We are helping students to learn International Contributions on our own college program. At the beginning of that, we visited The Kingdom of Cambodia to inspect Japanese NGO (nongovernmental organization) for 4days. We have got much experience there and learned how participants in NGO could support a mother-and-child family, orphans and mine disorders. After we came back here, we have established an activity group in our college. We report here the possibility our Cambodia study tour, various activities with our students and how we can make our students understand matters of International Contributions.

新見公立短期大学看護学科では、毎年1年次生の戴帽式の代わりとしてNursing College Seminar(以下、NCSとする)を設けている。これは、看護学生自身が関心をもっているテーマで講演・シンポジウムなどを開き、看護について考えを深めることを目的として1995年より導入しており、学生が主体的に学習していくきっかけ作りとしている。NCSを通して、参加学生は看護の深まりや他職種の連携を学んでおり、また今後の学習への動機付けや進路選択にも役立っていると考えられる。NCSは、運営自体を学生が主体的に行うことにより、テーマに関する知識の学習だけでなく、協調性を身につけたり、講師との交渉や接待など対外的な社会性を身につける機会にもなり、総合的な学習の効果が高いと考える。また、地域の看護職とも連携し共同開催の形式をとっており、実習関係者にとって研修の場としても意義高いと考える。, In the Department of Nursing, Niimi College, a special seminar is planned and carried out by students themselves. Students determine subjects of the lecture and/or symposium according to their own interests in the fields of nursing. The seminar started in 1995 in order to encourage students in their study. The seminar is helpful for students to get motivation to study, to acquire knowledge about the essence of nursing and to make decision on the course to take after graduation. Because the seminar is planned and carried out by the students themselves, they need to cooperate with each other and to confer with speakers about the subjects, and they acquire sociality in the general public. The students also cooperate with nurses who work in local hospitals. The seminar acts as a study occasion for nurses in the local hospitals.

現在、看護研究は臨床現場においても欠かせないものとなってきている。そこで、A短期大学(以下A短大)の看護学科卒業生を対象に、臨床現場での研究の実状を把握し、看護基礎教育としての『看護研究』の、卒業後(以下卒後)の研究活動への役立ちと、今後、学生における『看護研究』への教育指導上の課題を明らかにするために、アンケート調査を行った。その結果、「研究方法」では、事例研究と質問紙による調査研究方法が多く使われていた。これは学生のときの「研究方法」と異なっており、それに伴って「データ分析」方法も異なるため役立ちに結びついていないことがわかった。「論文作成」については、学生時代の研究経験が役立っており、教育効果が認められた。全体として、『看護研究』を経験することについて、「良かった」と回答したものが8割を超えており、卒後の研究活動に役立ったといえる。今後は、研究方法論が多く学べるようなゼミ形式の導入などについての検討を行うこと、また、卒業生が相談できるようなサポート体制などの検討が必要である。, Now nursing research is essential in the clinical practice field as well. A graduate questionnaire was conducted in order to understand how to do nursing research in hospitals, to find out how helpful Nursing Research at college was and to reveal the problems in teaching Nursing Research. The result shows that the research method and data analysis method learned at college were not very helpful, but that what was learned in Nursing Research was very helpful to essay writing. On the whole, more than 80% responded that studying Nursing Research was good and helpful to the research activity after graduation.

3年課程短期大学看護学科の必修科目である「看護研究」について、1997年に学生の取り組みの動向について調査している。その結果、研究テーマが多岐にわたり、研究対象も広範囲に行われており、また、研究動機は臨地実習の直接体験として事例研究が多く実施されている事が明らかになっている。1997年のカリキュラム改正から、「看護研究」の授業展開について修正を加えてきた。今回、現在の「看護研究」の取組みを評価し、指導上の課題を明らかにするために、2000年から5年間の学生の研究論文を分析した。その結果、前回調査と比較して、実習体験から研究動機を得た論文が減少し、また、事例研究より調査研究の方法を選択している学生が増加していた。研究発表の方法も前回調査時と比較して、視覚的な発表方法に変化していることがわかった。これらの結果を基に、「看護研究」指導の課題として、問題の明確化に焦点を当てた指導の必要性や、ITの活用に対する教員の能力開発、倫理委員会の設置、発表方法についてなど検討を要する課題が明確になった。, According to the research conducted in 1997 on students' trends of "Nursing Study," a required subject in the nursing department of three-year college, themes and subjects covered a broad range and many case studies were done. Since curriculum revision in 1997, how to teach "Nursing Study" has been modified. This time, students' research papers during 5 years from 2000 to 2004 were analyzed to evaluate students' approach to "Nursing Study" and clarify the problems in teaching. Compared with the last results, few students gained the motivation of the paper from the experience of practical training and the students who selected the method of survey study rather than that of case study increased in number. Their presentations changed into more visual ways. These results suggest that teachers focus on clarification of the theme, improve IT skills, establish an ethics committee and consider ways of presentation.

母性に関する環境が急激に変化しつつある現在、次世代育成に関する母性意識について学生がどのように考えているのかを知る目的で、看護学科と幼児教育学科の1年次生を対象に、質問紙調査を行った。その結果、1.母性意識の平均値は全体として幼児教育学生に比べ看護学生の方が高かった。2.両学生間で有意差のみられた項目は、「3.女性特有の天分や役割の総称」「12.保護、心配、世話、いたわりなどの行動様式」であった。3.評定段階で肯定する度合いの高かった項目は、「1.子どもとの関係を築き人間として育てていく力」であった。評定段階で否定する度合いの高かった項目は、「16.命も惜しまない母親の性質」であった。4.各学科ともそれぞれの傾向性が見られた。看護学生は母性を妊娠や出産として具体的に認識しやすく、幼児教育学生は育児行動の中に母性を感じている傾向にある。5.母性意識の全項目の平均値の上昇を考慮した授業内容の検討を考えていく。, The authors performed questionnaire targeted at freshmen of nursing department and early childhood education department. The purpose of this investigation is to comprehend how the present students think about motherhood and parenting next generation in the time when our consciousness of motherhood is changing rapidly. We have found the following things: 1. The students in nursing department scored higher average than those in early childhood education department regarding motherhood consciousness. 2. Significant differences are seen in the categories, 3) motherhood as a general term for gifted roles special to female, and 12) motherhood as a behavior pattern of protection, worries, care and nurturing. 3. The item that most students acknowledged as motherhood is 1) the strength with which mothers build relationship with and bring up their children. The item that least students acknowledged as motherhood is 16) the nature of mother who dare to cost her life. 4. Apparent tendencies are seen in answers from each department. The nursing students tend to recognize motherhood physically as pregnancy and delivery. On the other hand, the early childhood education students tend to feel motherhood in child care behaviors. 5. The authors need to review the contents of the lectures to higher the scores of each item.

幼児教育学科の「小児保健実習」の授業内容の評価について、保育者の視点から必要性を検討した。その結果、食事の与え方では、離乳食の項目で全員が必要性を認識していた。健康児への生活援助では、成長・発達の指標となる身長・体重・胸囲測定に関する項目の必要性が高かった。また、健康観察では、子どもの健康状態の把握となる体温・呼吸測定に関する項目の必要性が高かった。次いで病気と異常時の対応では、事故に対する初期手当の方法に関する項目の必要性が高かった。今後の授業内容の方向性として必要性の高い項目については、小児保健の基礎的技術を確実に習得出来るように事例や事故の起こりやすい場面設定を用いた授業方法の検討が必要なことが示唆された。, We have examined the contents of "Child Health Practice" in the Department of Early Childhood Education with the lecture evaluation by the early childhood education students. All the students think it necessary to learn about baby food feeding. Many students feel the necessity of knowing how to measure children's height, weight and the chest circumference which indicates children's growth and development. Many of them also realized the necessity to learn about taking body temperature and counting the respirations which index children's health condition. They also have needs to learn about first aid in accidents. We would like to make the use of this evaluation and better the contents of "Child Health Practice."

The distribution of an antihypertensive dipeptide, Val-Tyr (VY), in the tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was investigated in this study. A single oral administration of VY (10 mg/kg) to 18-week-old SHR resulted in a prolonged reduction of systolic blood pressure (SBP) up to 9 h (SBP0h 198.0+/-3.6 mmHg; SBP9h 154.6+/-3.5 mmHg). As a result of VY determination, a roughly 10-fold higher increment of plasma VY level was observed at 1 h than that at 0 h, whereas thereafter the level declined rapidly. In tissues, VY was widely accumulated in the kidney, lung, heart, mesenteric artery and abdominal aorta with the area under the curve over 9 h of more than 40 pmol h/g tissue; of these a higher VY level was observed in the kidney and lung. In addition, a mean resident time (MRT) for each tissue (>5 h except for liver) revealed that VY preferably accumulated in the tissues rather than in the plasma (MRT 3.8 h). Significant reductions of tissue angiotensin I-converting enzyme activity and angiotensin II level were found in the abdominal aorta as well as in the kidney, suggesting that these organs could be a target site associated with the antihypertensive action of VY.

The energy-transfer luminescence of complexes of Tb3+ with calix- (CAS), thiacalix- (TCAS), and sulfonylcalix[4]arene-p-tetrasulfonates (SO2CAS), in which four p-phenolsulfonates are jointed by –CH2–, –S–, and –SO2–, respectively, was applied to an ultratrace determination of the Tb3+ ion. Based on the complexation behavior of each calix ligand, a determination procedure was established. A time-resolved measurement was conveniently employed to separate the background fluorescence from the luminescence of the calix-Tb3+ complexes. An improved sensitivity was attained by sulfur-bridged calixes, TCAS and SO2CAS, as compared to CAS, owing to the photophysical properties of the Tb3+-complexes. The detection limits for Tb3+ ion by CAS, TCAS, and SO2CAS ligands were estimated to be 8.2×10−10 mol dm−3 (131 ppt), 2.0 × 10−10 mol dm−3 (32 ppt), and 2.3 × 10−10 mol dm−3 (37 ppt) at S/N = 3, respectively. In terms of the selectivity, the effect of diverse coexisting ions on the luminescence intensity of the Tb3+ comp...

New analogues of calix[4]arenetetrasulfonate (1) were prepared, in which the methylene bridges are replaced by S (2) and SO2 (3). The complexation ability of these calixarene ligands 1–3 toward Tb3+ ion and luminescence properties of the resulting complexes were examined. All the ligands formed complexes with lanthanide ions (Pr3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Tb3+ and Dy3+), among which the Tb3+ complex exhibited strong energy transfer luminescence. The pH dependence of the luminescence intensity suggested that the analogues 2 and 3 possess higher complexation ability towards Tb3+ than the parent 1, which should be ascribed to the higher acidity of the phenolic OH groups as well as the coordinating ability of the bridging groups S and SO2. The composition of the complexes of 2 and 3 was determined to be Tb3+·2 and Tb3+·3 by a molar ratio method. The photophysical properties such as emission lifetimes (τ) and quantum yields (Φ) of the complexes were estimated. Both Tb3+·2 and Tb3+·3 gave comparable τ values (0.7 ms), which are larger than that of Tb3+·(1)2 (0.6 ms). Comparison of their lifetimes in D2O solution suggested that Tb3+·2 and Tb3+·3 have four to five coordinated water molecules responsible for quenching. On the other hand, complex Tb3+·2 gave the largest Φ value (0.15), whereas Tb3+·(1)2 and Tb3+·3 gave very close Φ values (0.12 and 0.13, respectively). The results of this study showed that thiacalix[4]arenetetrasulfonate 2 and the sulfonyl analogue 3 are promising candidates for the scaffold to construct luminescence devices from the viewpoint of the higher complexation ability and luminescent performance.

In the presence of metallic strontium, the Barbier-type alkylation of aldehydes with alkyl iodides proceeded smoothly at −15 °C under an argon atmosphere to afford the corresponding alkylated alcoh...

Background Patients with hypoalbuminemia often fail to respond to increased doses of loop diuretics. We therefore performed a post hoc analysis to investigate the pharmacological action of tolvaptan and whether it is dependent on the serum albumin level. Methods This analysis was based on four previous clinical trials of tolvaptan in patients with liver cirrhosis who exhibited insufficient response to conventional diuretics. We analyzed the correlation between the change in the initial 24-h cumulative urine volume from baseline and the serum albumin level at baseline, and assessed potential predictive factors of response to tolvaptan. Results The correlation coefficient was 0.029 in the placebo group and −0.112 in the 7.5 mg tolvaptan group of patients with liver cirrhosis. Administration of tolvaptan provoked a stable response regardless of the serum albumin level. Tolvaptan use was identified as a significant predictor of pharmacological action, and was shown to change the initial urine volume by 885 mL (P