142 results on '"Hiroko Nishimura"'
Search Results
2. Resemblance in Physiological Systems during Phylogeny and Ontogeny
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Hiroko Nishimura, Hiroshi Kawachi, R. A. Gomez, and Maria Luisa S. Sequeira
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Genetics ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2022
3. Assessing Oral Reading Accuracy and Speed in English as a Foreign Language : An Empirical Investigation of High-School Students in Japan
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Hiroko, Nishimura
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- 2021
4. Impact of Presenting in L2 to Foreign Students on L2 Motivation, Attitudes, and Selves
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Haugh, Samuel, Hiroko, Nishimura, Samuel, Haugh, Yoko, Nakano, and Seishirou, Ibaraki
- Published
- 2020
5. Bird aquaporins: Molecular machinery for urine concentration
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Yimu, Yang and Hiroko, Nishimura
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Subfamily ,urogenital system ,Biophysics ,Aquaporin ,Cell Biology ,Biology ,Aquaporins ,Biochemistry ,Quail ,Cell biology ,Birds ,Kidney Concentrating Ability ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Aquaglyceroporins ,Species Specificity ,Aquaporin 2 ,biology.animal ,medicine ,Animals ,Kidney Tubules, Collecting ,Duct (anatomy) ,Gene ,Function (biology) - Abstract
Water conservation is one of the most challenging processes for terrestrial vertebrates and is necessary for their survival. Birds are the only vertebrate animals other than mammals that have the ability to concentrate their urine. Previously, we identified and characterized aquaporins (AQP)1–4 responsible for urine concentration in Japanese quail kidneys. Today, a total of 13 orthologs for these genes have been reported in birds. Bird AQPs can be classified into four subfamilies: 1) Classical AQPs (AQP0–5 and novel member, AQP4-like) that conserve the selectivity filter; 2) aquaglyceroporins (AQP3, 7, 9 and 10) that retain an aspartic acid residue in the second NPA box and expand the pore to accept larger molecules; 3) unorthodox AQPs (AQP11–12) which structurally resemble their mammalian counterparts; 4) AQP8-type, a subfamily that differs from mammalian AQP8. Interestingly, over the course of time, birds lost their mammalian counterpart AQP6 but obtained a novel AQP4-like aquaporin member. In quail and/or chicken kidneys, at least six AQPs are expressed. Quail AQP1 (qAQP1) is expressed in both cortical and medullary proximal tubules but is absent in the descending limb (DL) and the thick ascending limb (TAL), supporting our previous finding that the DL and TAL are water impermeable. AQP2, an arginine vasotocin (AVT)-sensitive water channel, is exclusively expressed in the principal cells of the collecting duct (CD). AQP4 is unlikely to participate in free water resorption from the collecting duct (CD), and only AQP3 may represent an exit pathway for water reabsorbed apically via AQP2. While AQP9 is not expressed in mammalian kidneys, AQP9 was recently found in chicken kidneys. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the structure, function and expression of bird AQPs.
- Published
- 2021
6. Ontogeny of renin gene expression and juxtaglomerular apparatus in birds
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Robert Ariel Gomez, Hiroko Nishimura, Eishin Yaoita, Jessica Hoy, and Maria Luisa S Sequiera‐Lopez
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medicine.anatomical_structure ,Ontogeny ,Genetics ,medicine ,Renin Gene ,Juxtaglomerular apparatus ,Biology ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Biotechnology ,Cell biology - Published
- 2019
7. Phylogeny and ontogeny of the renin-angiotensin system: Current view and perspectives
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Hiroko Nishimura and Maria Luisa S. Sequeira-Lopez
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0301 basic medicine ,Physiology ,Ontogeny ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Blood Pressure ,Context (language use) ,Kidney ,Biochemistry ,Article ,Renin-Angiotensin System ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Phylogenetics ,biology.animal ,Renin ,Renin–angiotensin system ,Animals ,Homeostasis ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,Molecular Biology ,Phylogeny ,Tissue homeostasis ,biology ,Vertebrate ,Cell Differentiation ,Arteries ,Water-Electrolyte Balance ,Arterioles ,030104 developmental biology ,Evolutionary biology ,Endothelium, Vascular ,WHOLE ANIMAL ,Chickens - Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) evolved early amongst vertebrates and remains functioning throughout the vertebrate phylogeny and has adapted to various environments. The RAS is crucial for the regulation of blood pressure, fluid-electrolyte balance and tissue homeostasis. The RAS is also expressed during early ontogeny in renal and extra-renal tissues, and exerts unique vascular growth and differentiation functions. In this brief review, we describe advances from molecular-genetic and whole animal approaches and discuss similarities and unique aspects of the RAS in the context of embryonic development and vertebrates’ phylogeny.
- Published
- 2021
8. Renin-angiotensin system in vertebrates: phylogenetic view of structure and function
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Hiroko Nishimura
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Angiotensin receptor ,Angiotensins ,Kidney ,Renin-Angiotensin System ,03 medical and health sciences ,Paracrine signalling ,0302 clinical medicine ,Phylogenetics ,biology.animal ,Internal medicine ,Renin ,Renin–angiotensin system ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Receptor ,Phylogeny ,Angiotensin II receptor type 1 ,biology ,Vertebrate ,General Medicine ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,Vertebrates ,Anatomy ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Homeostasis - Abstract
Renin substrate, biological renin activity, and/or renin-secreting cells in kidneys evolved at an early stage of vertebrate phylogeny. Angiotensin (Ang) I and II molecules have been identified biochemically in representative species of all vertebrate classes, although variation occurs in amino acids at positions 1, 5, and 9 of Ang I. Variations have also evolved in amino acid positions 3 and 4 in some cartilaginous fish. Angiotensin receptors, AT1 and AT2 homologues, have been identified molecularly or characterized pharmacologically in nonmammalian vertebrates. Also, various forms of angiotensins that bypass the traditional renin-angiotensin system (RAS) cascades or those from large peptide substrates, particularly in tissues, are present. Nonetheless, the phylogenetically important functions of RAS are to maintain blood pressure/blood volume homeostasis and ion-fluid balance via the kidney and central mechanisms. Stimulation of cell growth and vascularization, possibly via paracrine action of angiotensins, and the molecular biology of RAS and its receptors have been intensive research foci. This review provides an overview of: (1) the phylogenetic appearance, structure, and biochemistry of the RAS cascade; (2) the properties of angiotensin receptors from comparative viewpoints; and (3) the functions and regulation of the RAS in nonmammalian vertebrates. Discussions focus on the most fundamental functions of the RAS that have been conserved throughout phylogenetic advancement, as well as on their physiological implications and significance. Examining the biological history of RAS will help us analyze the complex RAS systems of mammals. Furthermore, suitable models for answering specific questions are often found in more primitive animals.
- Published
- 2016
9. Ontogeny of renin gene expression in the chicken, Gallus gallus
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Hiroko Nishimura, Eishin Yaoita, R. Ariel Gomez, Jess Hoy, Theodore C. Mehalic, Maria Luisa S. Sequeira-Lopez, and Robert L. Paxton
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medicine.medical_specialty ,animal structures ,Organogenesis ,Ontogeny ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Chick Embryo ,In situ hybridization ,Article ,Renin-Angiotensin System ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,biology.animal ,Internal medicine ,Renin ,Renin–angiotensin system ,medicine ,Animals ,RNA, Messenger ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Messenger RNA ,biology ,Vertebrate ,Embryo ,Juxtaglomerular apparatus ,Juxtaglomerular Apparatus ,Real-time polymerase chain reaction ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Gene Expression Regulation ,embryonic structures ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Chickens - Abstract
Renin or a renin-like enzyme evolved in ancestral vertebrates and is conserved along the vertebrate phylogeny. The ontogenic development of renin, however, is not well understood in nonmammalian vertebrates. We aimed to determine the expression patterns and relative abundance of renin mRNA in pre- and postnatal chickens (Gallus gallus, White Leghorn breed). Embryonic day 13 (E13) embryos show renal tubules, undifferentiated mesenchymal structures, and a small number of developing glomeruli. Maturing glomeruli are seen in post-hatch day 4 (D4) and day 30 (D30) kidneys, indicating that nephrogenic activity still exists in kidneys of 4-week-old chickens. In E13 embryos, renin mRNA measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in the adrenal glands is equivalent to the expression in the kidneys, whereas in post-hatch D4 and D30 maturing chicks, renal renin expressions increased 2-fold and 11-fold, respectively. In contrast, relative renin expression in the adrenals became lower than in the kidneys. Furthermore, renin expression is clearly visible by in situ hybridization in the juxtaglomerular (JG) area in D4 and D30 chicks, but not in E13 embryos. The results suggest that in chickens, renin evolved in both renal and extrarenal organs at an early stage of ontogeny and, with maturation, became localized to the JG area. Clear JG structures are not morphologically detectable in E13 embryos, but are visible in 30-day-old chicks, supporting this concept.
- Published
- 2020
10. Restricted nutrition-induced low birth weight, low number of nephrons and glomerular mesangium injury in Japanese quail
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Hiroko Nishimura, Y. Ouchi, Yohei Ikezumi, Masaaki Nameta, M. Sato, Tamaki Sasaki, Eishin Yaoita, Chieko Ihoriya, Naoki Kashihara, Ken'ichi Yamaguchi, Tadashi Yamamoto, Linning Zhao, and Hiroshi Kawachi
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Coturnix ,Egg Proteins, Dietary ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Corticosterone ,biology.animal ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,biology ,Coturnix japonica ,Body Weight ,Malnutrition ,Glomerular mesangium ,Embryo ,Nephrons ,Infant, Low Birth Weight ,biology.organism_classification ,Quail ,Glomerular Mesangium ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Mesangium ,Podocin ,biology.protein ,Female ,Glucocorticoid ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Insufficient nutrition during the perinatal period causes structural alterations in humans and experimental animals, leading to increased vulnerability to diseases in later life. Japanese quail,Coturnix japonica, in which partial (8–10%) egg white was withdrawn (EwW) from eggs before incubation had lower birth weights than controls (CTs). EwW birds also had reduced hatching rates, smaller glomeruli and lower embryo weight. In EwW embryos, the surface condensate area containing mesenchymal cells was larger, suggesting that delayed but active nephrogenesis takes place. In mature EwW quail, the number of glomeruli in the cortical region (mm2) was significantly lower (CT 34.7±1.4, EwW 21.0±1.2); capillary loops showed focal ballooning, and mesangial areas were distinctly expanded. Immunoreactive cell junction proteins,N-cadherin and podocin, and slit diaphragms were clearly seen. With aging, the mesangial area and glomerular size continued to increase and were significantly larger in EwW quail, suggesting compensatory hypertrophy. Furthermore, apoptosis measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling analysis was higher in EwWs than in CTs on embryonic day 15 and postnatal day 4 (D4). Similarly, plasma glucocorticoid (corticosterone) was higher (P
- Published
- 2017
11. Aquaporins in avian kidneys: function and perspectives
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Hiroko Nishimura and Yimu Yang
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Gene isoform ,Kidney ,Physiology ,Ecology ,Water ,Aquaporin ,Epithelial Cells ,Biology ,Aquaporins ,Cell biology ,Birds ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Physiology (medical) ,Osmoregulation ,medicine ,Animals ,Homeostasis ,Humans ,Adaptation ,Gene ,Function (biology) - Abstract
For terrestrial vertebrates, water economy is a prerequisite for survival, and the kidney is their major osmoregulatory organ. Birds are the only vertebrates other than mammals that can concentrate urine in adaptation to terrestrial environments. Aquaporin (AQP) and glyceroporin (GLP) are phylogenetically old molecules and have been found in plants, microbial organisms, invertebrates, and vertebrates. Currently, 13 AQPs/aquaGLPs and isoforms are known to be present in mammals. AQPs 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 11 are expressed in the kidney; of these, AQPs 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 are shown to be involved in fluid homeostasis. In avian kidneys, AQPs 1, 2, 3, and 4 have been identified and characterized. Also, gene and/or amino acid sequences of AQP5, AQP7, AQP8, AQP9, AQP11, and AQP12 have been reported in birds. AQPs 2 and 3 are expressed along cortical and medullary collecting ducts (CDs) and are responsible, respectively, for the water inflow and outflow of CD epithelial cells. While AQP4 plays an important role in water exit in the CD of mammalian kidneys, it is unlikely to participate in water outflow in avian CDs. This review summarizes current knowledge on structure and function of avian AQPs and compares them to those in mammalian and nonmammalian vertebrates. Also, we aim to provide input into, and perspectives on, the role of renal AQPs in body water homeostasis during ontogenic and phylogenetic advancement.
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- 2013
12. Low Birthweight and Premature Birth Are Risk Factors for Podocytopenia and Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
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Hiroya Hasegawa, Hiroko Nishimura, Toshiaki Suzuki, Takeshi Yamada, Yohei Ikezumi, Tamaki Karasawa, and Makoto Uchiyama
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Biopsy ,Nephrosis ,Birth weight ,Gestational Age ,Kidney ,urologic and male genital diseases ,Gastroenterology ,Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis ,Japan ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Birth Weight ,Humans ,Medicine ,Risk factor ,Child ,WT1 Proteins ,reproductive and urinary physiology ,Retrospective Studies ,Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental ,Podocytes ,urogenital system ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Nephrosis, Lipoid ,Infant, Newborn ,Gestational age ,Glomerulosclerosis ,Infant, Low Birth Weight ,medicine.disease ,Immunohistochemistry ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Low birth weight ,Endocrinology ,Nephrology ,Premature birth ,Female ,Kidney Diseases ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Infant, Premature - Abstract
Background: Recent reports suggest that low birthweight (LBW) is a risk factor for kidney diseases, including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), although the underlying pathological mechanism remains unknown. Podocyte loss triggers glomerulosclerosis; however, whether FSGS in LBW children is associated with podocytopenia is unclear. Methods: We reviewed the birthweights and gestational age of all patients who underwent renal biopsies from 1995 to 2011 at our Institute. Sixteen patients had FSGS, of which 6 (37.5%) had LBW; this LBW rate was significantly higher than the overall LBW rate in Japan (9.7%). The incidence of LBW was also high in patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS; 12.5%). The glomerular cell numbers in biopsy sections were calculated using computer image analysis and compared with FSGS of normal birthweight (NBW-FSGS). Biopsy specimens from age-matched patients with MCNS were also compared. Wilms' tumor-1 (WT1) immunohistochemistry was performed to enumerate the podocytes. Results: All patients in the LBW-FSGS group were also preterm, with an average gestational age of 25.8 weeks. The number of podocytes per glomerulus in the LBW-FSGS patients was 34 and 24% lower as compared to that in the MCNS patients (p < 0.01) and the NBW-FSGS patients (p < 0.05), respectively. Similar results were observed for the WT1-positive glomerular cell number. Conclusion: LBW and premature birth were associated with FSGS development. The possibility that LBW and premature birth may be predisposing factors for severe podocytopenia in children with FSGS warrants further investigation.
- Published
- 2013
13. The Women's Status and Roles under the Feudal Lords in the Medieval Japan(2) : Seen from the Stand Point of Frois's History of Japan
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Hiroko, Nishimura
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- 2009
14. Two distinct aquaporin-4 cDNAs isolated from medullary cone of quail kidney
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Yujun Cui, George A. Cook, Zheng Fan, Hiroko Nishimura, and Yimu Yang
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Male ,Gene isoform ,Osmosis ,Cell Membrane Permeability ,DNA, Complementary ,Physiology ,Xenopus ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Coturnix ,Kidney ,Quail ,Biochemistry ,Article ,RNA, Complementary ,Mice ,biology.animal ,Extracellular ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Cloning, Molecular ,Kidney Tubules, Collecting ,Molecular Biology ,Phylogeny ,Aquaporin 4 ,biology ,Adrenal gland ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Water ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Aquaporin 2 ,Oocytes ,Female - Abstract
Water deprivation or arginine vasotocin upregulates aquaporin-2 (AQP2) expression in apical and subapical regions of medullary collecting duct (CD) cells of Coturnix coturnix quail (q) kidneys. We therefore aimed to determine whether the CD has AQPs mediating water exit from the intracellular to the extracellular (interstitial) space. Using a homologue cloning technique, we isolated two distinct qAQP4 cDNAs from quail medullary cones; long (L, open reading frames) and short (S) cDNA encoded 335 (qAQP4-L) and 301 (qAQP4-S) amino acids with, respectively, 80% and 87% identity to human long- and short-form AQP4. qAQP4-S is identical to qAQP4-L from the second initiation site. Both isoforms have two NPA motifs, but lack cysteine at the known mercury-sensitive site. qAQP4-L and qAQP4-S are expressed in membranes of Xenopus laevis oocytes, but both failed to increase the water permeability ( P f ) of oocytes exposed to a hypotonic solution. Glutamate (Q242) replacement with histidine did not increase P f . With conventional RT-PCR and real-time PCR, qAQP4-L/S mRNA signals were detected in the brain, lung, heart, intestine, adrenal gland, skeletal muscle, liver, and kidney (higher in medulla than in cortical region). qAQP4-L mRNA was detected only in the brain and adrenal gland. Orthogonal arrays of intramembranous particles were not detected in quail CDs. The results suggest that although qAQP4-L and qAQP4-S have high homology to mammalian AQP4, their physiological function may be different.
- Published
- 2007
15. Avian Podocytes, Which Lack Nephrin, Use Adherens Junction Proteins at Intercellular Junctions
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Tomizo Oyama, Masaaki Nameta, Bo Xu, Hiroki Takimoto, Sameh Magdeldin, Ying Zhang, Hiroshi Kawachi, Hiroko Nishimura, Yutaka Yoshida, Eishin Yaoita, Tadashi Yamamoto, Fujio Nakamura, and Hidehiko Fujinaka
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Histology ,animal structures ,Renal glomerulus ,Swine ,Immunoelectron microscopy ,Nephron ,Coturnix ,Cell junction ,Nephrin ,Adherens junction ,03 medical and health sciences ,biology.animal ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Rats, Wistar ,biology ,Podocytes ,Membrane Proteins ,Catenins ,Immunogold labelling ,Adherens Junctions ,Articles ,Cadherins ,Quail ,Cell biology ,Rats ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,biology.protein ,Female ,Anatomy ,Chickens - Abstract
Nephrin, a major intercellular junction (ICJ) molecule of mammalian podocytes in the renal glomerulus, is absent in the avian genome. We hypothesized that birds use ICJ molecules other than nephrin in their podocytes. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the possible involvement of adherens junction (AJ) proteins in the ICJs of avian podocytes. We found the AJ proteins N-cadherin and α- and β-catenins in podocytes of quail and chickens but not in those of rats, pigs or humans. The AJ proteins were prominent in avian glomerulus-rich fractions in immunoblot analyses, and in immunofluorescence microscopy analyses, they were localized along glomerular capillary walls appearing in at least two staining patterns: weakly diffuse and distinctly granular. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that the significant accumulation of immunogold particles for the AJ proteins were especially evident in avian slit diaphragms and AJs. Furthermore, N-cadherin was found to be expressed in all nephron cells in the early developmental stage but became confined to podocytes during maturation. These results indicate that avian slit diaphragms clearly express AJ proteins as compared with that in the mammal—where AJ proteins are suppressed to an extremely low level—and that avian podocytes are interconnected by AJs per se in addition to slit diaphragms.
- Published
- 2015
16. Molecular and functional characterization of a vasotocin-sensitive aquaporin water channel in quail kidney
- Author
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Yimu Yang, Wenxia Wang, Sei Sasaki, Yijun Cui, Lin Zhang, L Bufford, Hiroko Nishimura, and Zheng Fan
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Male ,DNA, Complementary ,Physiology ,Xenopus ,Blotting, Western ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Countercurrent multiplication ,Aquaporin ,Vasotocin ,Coturnix ,Biology ,Aquaporins ,Kidney ,Quail ,Permeability ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Osmotic Pressure ,Physiology (medical) ,biology.animal ,medicine ,Animals ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Cloning, Molecular ,DNA Primers ,Water Deprivation ,Osmotic concentration ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Immunohistochemistry ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Water channel ,Oocytes ,RNA ,Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ,Female ,Medullary cone ,Algorithms - Abstract
Both mammals and birds can concentrate urine hyperosmotic to plasma via a countercurrent multiplier mechanism, although evolutionary lines leading to mammals and birds diverged at an early stage of tetrapod evolution. We reported earlier (Nishimura H, Koseki C, and Patel TB. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 271: R1535–R1543, 1996) that arginine vasotocin (AVT; avian antidiuretic hormone) increases diffusional water permeability in the isolated, perfused medullary collecting duct (CD) of the quail kidney. In the present study, we have identified an aquaporin (AQP) 2 homolog water channel in the medullary cones of Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix (qAQP2), by RT-PCR-based cloning techniques. A full-length cDNA contains an 822-bp open reading frame that encodes a 274-amino acid sequence with 75.5% identity to rat AQP2. The qAQP2 has six transmembrane domains, two asparagine-proline-alanine (NPA) sequences, and putative N-glycosylation (asparagine-124) and phosphorylation sites (serine-257) for cAMP-dependent protein kinase. qAQP2 is expressed in the membrane of Xenopus laevis oocytes and significantly increased its osmotic water permeability (Pf), inhibitable ( P < 0.01) by mercury chloride. qAQP2 mRNA (RT-PCR) was detected in the kidney; medullary mRNA levels were higher than cortical levels. qAQP2 protein that binds to rabbit anti-rat AQP2 antibody is present in the apical/subapical regions of both cortical and medullary CDs from normally hydrated quail, and the intensity of staining increased only in the medullary CDs after water deprivation or AVT treatment. The relative density of the ∼29-kDa protein band detected by immunoblot from the medullary cones was modestly higher in water-deprived/AVT-treated quail. The results suggest that 1) medullary CDs of quail kidneys express a mercury-sensitive functioning qAQP2 water channel, and 2) qAQP2 is at least partly regulated by an AVT-dependent mechanism. This is the first clear identification of AQP2 homolog in nonmammalian vertebrates.
- Published
- 2004
17. Age- and sex-dependent changes in pulse pressure in fowl aorta
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Hiroko Nishimura, Ciro A. Ruiz-Feria, and David Zhang
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Male ,Aortic arch ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physiology ,Blood Pressure ,Biochemistry ,Sex Factors ,Heart Rate ,medicine.artery ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Anesthesia ,Aorta, Abdominal ,Molecular Biology ,Aorta ,business.industry ,Abdominal aorta ,Age Factors ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,Pulse pressure ,Blood pressure ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Descending aorta ,Cardiology ,Arterial stiffness ,Female ,business ,Chickens ,Artery - Abstract
Chickens (males more than females) have higher blood pressure (BP) than most mammals and spontaneously develop vascular neointimal plaques (NP) and diffuse subendothelial thickening in the lower segment of the abdominal aorta (AbA, referred to as 'NP-prone area') that partly resemble atherosclerotic lesions in mammals. NP areas, which are larger in males, have a causal relationship with incremental increases in BP during maturation. We hypothesize that decreased wall distensibility and altered hemodynamic forces at the NP-prone area may contribute to the NP formation. We measured pressure pulse wave (PW) and systolic and diastolic BP along the descending aorta in anesthetized chickens at different ages using an intravascular microtip transducer and calculated pulse pressure (PP) as an indicator for artery distensibility. At all ages examined and in both sexes, the PW showed a sharper peak at the more peripheral locations and the amplitude of the PW increased as it descended the aorta. PP, expressed as relative increases from the PP in the aortic arch (%), was 40.4+/-12.6 and 71.4+/-18.6 at the AbA and ischiadic artery, respectively, in young males (24-27 weeks); 23.5+/-8.6 and 43.8+/-16.2 in adults (72-75 weeks); and 5.4+/-3.4 and 9.1+/-4.9 in chicks (5-7 weeks). Location-dependent increases in PP were significantly higher in young males (P0.05). The PP increases in females were not different among the three age groups. The contour of the PW in the proximal aorta changes in older birds, exhibiting steeper increases in the ascending and descending limbs, suggesting that faster wave reflection from the periphery augments peak systolic pressure. NP was most frequently seen in the lower segment of the abdominal aorta in older males. These results suggest that: (1) site-dependent increases in PP amplitude are marked in young males, possibly reflecting a reduction in arterial wall elasticity enhanced by incremental rises in BP, and (2) NP formation may contribute to the stiffness of aortic walls in the NP-prone area.
- Published
- 2004
18. Maturation-dependent changes of angiotensin receptor expression in fowl
- Author
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Karin Ruijtenbeek, Pierre Corvol, H. A. J. Struijker Boudier, J. G. R. De Mey, Yimu Yang, Hiroko Nishimura, C. Hubert, and J.-M. Gasc
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Angiotensin receptor ,Physiology ,Renal glomerulus ,Fowl ,Kidney Glomerulus ,Chick Embryo ,Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 ,Renin-Angiotensin System ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,Adrenal Glands ,Gene expression ,Renin–angiotensin system ,medicine ,Animals ,Vasoconstrictor Agents ,Aorta, Abdominal ,RNA, Messenger ,Receptor ,In Situ Hybridization ,Receptors, Angiotensin ,Angiotensin II receptor type 1 ,biology ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Chemistry ,Angiotensin II ,Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ,biology.organism_classification ,Vasodilation ,Endocrinology ,cardiovascular system ,Chickens ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
An angiotensin (ANG) receptor homologous to the type 1 receptor (AT1) has been cloned in chickens (cAT1). We investigated whether cAT1expression in various tissues shows maturation/age-dependent changes. cAT1mRNA levels detected in renal glomeruli [in situ hybridization (ISH)] and kidney extract (RT-PCR) are significantly ( P < 0.01) higher in 19-day embryos (EB) than in chicks (CH, 2–3 wk) and pullets/cockerels (PL/CK, 14–16 wk). The levels in adrenal glands (concentrated in subcapsular regions) are high in EB and further increased in CH and PL/CK. cAT1mRNA is also detectable in smooth muscle (SM)/adventitia of EB and CH aorta and in the adventitia, but not SM, from PL/CK aortas. The endothelia from small arteries and arterioles, but not from aorta, express cAT1mRNA (ISH). In all age groups, ANG II induces profound endothelium-dependent relaxation of abdominal aorta, partly (37–47%) inhibitable ( P < 0.01) by Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 10-4M), suggesting the presence of ANG receptor in endothelium. l-NAME-resistant ANG II relaxation, examined in a limited number of EB or CH aortas, was reduced by 125 mM K+or apamin plus charybdotoxin. The results suggest that 1) cAT1is present in kidney, adrenal gland, and vascular endothelium (heterogeneity exists among arteries) of EB, CH, and PL/CK, and in aortic SM/adventitia of EB/CH but only in adventitia of PL/CK; 2) levels of cAT1gene expression change during maturation in a tissue-specific manner; and 3) ANG II-induced relaxation may be partly attributable to nitric oxide and potassium channel activation.
- Published
- 2003
19. The Women's Status and Roles under the Feudal Lords in the Medieval Japan (I) : Seen from the Stand Point of Frois's History of Japan
- Author
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Hiroko, NISHIMURA, 白梅学園短期大学, and Shiraume Gakuen College
- Published
- 2002
20. Study of Image Quality(contrast) and Reduction of Patient Dose by Using Heavy Metal Filters
- Author
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Ken-Ichi Yoshida, Taizou Sanada, Hiroko Nishimura, Yona Oishi, Hideyuki Iwanaga, Yuichi Sano, Akiyoshi Otsuka, Kazuo Fujimoto, and Ken-ichiro Yasui
- Subjects
Radiography, Abdominal ,Materials science ,Image quality ,Gadolinium ,media_common.quotation_subject ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Radiation Dosage ,Reduction (complexity) ,Holmium ,Radiation Protection ,Metals, Heavy ,Humans ,Contrast (vision) ,Ytterbium ,media_common ,Lumbar Vertebrae ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Filter (signal processing) ,Radiographic Image Enhancement ,chemistry ,Mockup ,Patient dose ,Nuclear medicine ,business ,Filtration - Abstract
We studied image quality (contrast) and patient dose reduction using heavy metal filters in lumbar spine and abdomen x-ray examination. Heavy metal filters used in this study are gadolinium, holmium and ytterbium and these combinations. These filters have k-absorption edge in the range from 50 to 70 keV. Image quality and patient dose in 70-90 kV tube voltage with heavy metal filters were compared with 80 kV tube voltage without filter. Image quality was improved in four percent and patient dose could be reduced by 30%. However, tube loading increased from 1.6 to 2.2 times. It was found that the best filter choices gave better image and reduced patient dose compared to without filter.
- Published
- 2002
21. Angiotensin receptors — evolutionary overview and perspectives
- Author
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Hiroko Nishimura
- Subjects
Receptors, Angiotensin ,Physiology ,Gene Expression ,Biology ,Biological Evolution ,Biochemistry ,Molecular biology ,Rhodopsin-like receptors ,Cell biology ,Renin-Angiotensin System ,Metabotropic receptor ,Interleukin-21 receptor ,Vertebrates ,Enzyme-linked receptor ,Animals ,Humans ,5-HT5A receptor ,5-HT1 receptor ,Receptor ,Molecular Biology ,Phylogeny ,Protease-activated receptor 2 ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
The structure of the angiotensin molecule has been well preserved throughout the vertebrate scale with some amino acid variations. Specific angiotensin receptors (AT receptors) that mediate important physiological functions have been noted in a variety of tissues and species. Physiological and pharmacological characterization of AT receptors and, more recently, molecular cloning studies have elucidated the presence of AT receptor subtypes. Comparative studies suggest that an AT receptor subtype homologous to the mammalian type 1 receptor subtype (AT 1 ), though pharmacologically distinct, is present in amphibians and birds, whereas AT receptors cloned from teleosts show low homology to both AT 1 and AT 2 receptor subtypes. Furthermore, receptors differing from both the AT 1 -homologue receptor and AT 2 receptor exist in some non-mammalian species. This may suggest that the prototype AT receptor evolved in primitive vertebrates and diverged to more than one type of AT receptor subtype during phylogeny. Furthermore, phenotypic modulation of AT receptors appears to occur during individual development/maturation.
- Published
- 2001
22. A View of the Elderly, and Their Support and Care in the Medieval period of Japan : Especialy of Old Women
- Author
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Hiroko, NISHIMURA, 白梅学園短期大学, and Shiraume Gakuen College
- Published
- 2000
23. Control of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Growth in Fowl
- Author
-
Hong Q. Yan, Hiroko Nishimura, Toshio Shimada, and Matthew J. Fabian
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Angiotensin receptor ,Vascular smooth muscle ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Fowl ,Biology ,Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ,Nitric oxide ,Norepinephrine ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Homeostasis ,Anesthesia ,Receptor ,Cyclic GMP ,Aorta ,Cells, Cultured ,Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ,Cell growth ,Angiotensin II ,Growth factor ,Penicillamine ,DNA ,Fetal Blood ,biology.organism_classification ,chemistry ,cardiovascular system ,biology.protein ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Chickens ,Cell Division ,Platelet-derived growth factor receptor - Abstract
In adult domestic fowl, angiotensin (ANG) receptors are present in the vascular smooth muscles (VSM) and in the endothelium, mediating vasorelaxation via endothelium-derived relaxing factor/cGMP. ANG II-induced relaxation is minor in chicks and becomes more marked as they mature but diminishes in adult birds, whereas ANG II neither relaxes nor contracts endothelium-denuded aortae from mature chickens. The present study examines in cultured fowl aortic SM cells whether (1) ANG II stimulates or inhibits VSM cell growth and, if so, whether this growth-stimulatory or -inhibitory effect changes with maturation/aging, and (2) S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), a nitric oxide donor, and cGMP attenuate the basal or stimulated VSM cell growth. [Asp1, Val5]ANG II (native fowl ANG II, 10(-6) M) markedly increased (increase from vehicle control, 226.5%; P0.01) [3H]thymidine (Thd) incorporation into DNA of quiescent VSM cells (first subculture) from 6-week-old chicks. This growth-stimulating effect was reduced with age (41.4, 29.6, and 3.2% at 9, 19, and 43 weeks of age, respectively). In contrast, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF, 20 ng/ml) increased [3H]Thd incorporation similarly in chicks, pullets, and hens. Furthermore, ANG II significantly (45.9%, P0.01) attenuated the growth-promoting effect of fetal calf serum in cultured VSM cells from 6-week-old chicks. This inhibitory effect also decreased in older birds. ANG II showed neither a growth-stimulatory nor -inhibitory effect in cultured neointimal cells. SNAP attenuated dose dependently (20-60 microM) the basal and PDGF-induced VSM cell growth, whereas cGMP inhibited basal growth only at a high dose (100 microM). These results indicate that in fowl VSM cells, ANG II is mitogenic and antimitogenic in chicks but not in mature birds, suggesting that phenotypic modulation occurs in the ANG receptors/signaling mechanism with maturation/age or in neointimal cells, whereas the mitogenic mechanism via PDGF remains in both young and mature birds.
- Published
- 1998
24. Characteristics of The Library Service in U.S. & Problems of them in Japan : From a Reserach in UCLA Library and L.A. Public Library
- Author
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Hiroko, NISHIMURA, 白梅学園短期大学, and Shiraume Gakuen College
- Published
- 1998
25. Health Consideration and Food Intake Frequency of Adult Aged 25-54
- Author
-
Reiko Takezoe, Kazuko Hirai, Hiroko Nishimura, Hisa Higuchi, and Yoko Aoki
- Subjects
Food intake ,Animal science ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Food science ,business - Abstract
成人男女の健康と食行動に対する認識や排便習慣の実態を検討するために, 25歳から54歳の2, 416名 (男性1, 316名, 女性1, 100名) を対象に質問紙調査を行った.1)「健康と便秘に関連性がある」と答えた割合は, 男性87%で女性の方が93%と多かった (p
- Published
- 1998
26. In great esteem and gratitude for Professor Watanuki(Commemoration of Professor Watanuki Jyouji)
- Author
-
Hiroko, NISHIMURA
- Published
- 2006
27. [Untitled]
- Author
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Hiroshi Kumagai, Hiroki Nikawa, Hiroko Nishimura, Lakshman P. Samaranayake, and Taizo Hamada
- Subjects
Saliva ,biology ,Candida glabrata ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,Biofilm ,Fungi imperfecti ,Carbohydrate ,biology.organism_classification ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Microbiology ,Candida tropicalis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Galactose ,Candida albicans ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
The effect of two dietary sugars, glucose and galactose, on biofilm formation of the oral fungal pathogen Candida on denture acrylic strips coated with saliva and serum pellicles was examined in vitro using Candida albicans (3 isolates), C. glabrata (2 isolates) and C. tropicalis (2 isolates). The degree of biofilm activity was affected by both the dietary sugar and the nature of the pellicle (ANOVA, p < 0.01). With most isolates the glucose grown yeasts demonstrated significantly more bioflim activity than the galactose grown fungi, in the presence of pellicles (ANOVA, p < 0.01 or P < 0.01). In contrast, one isolate of galactose-grown yeast elicited significantly higher biofilm activity than glucose-grown yeasts on the control strips (ANOVA, p < 0.01). Taken together, these results imply that a saliva or a serum pellicle, and the carbon source in the environment, act a complex manner modulating Candida bioflim formation.
- Published
- 1997
28. Enhanced apoptosis may lead to fewer nephrons in Japanese quail subjected to reduced nutrition during development
- Author
-
Kengo Kidokoro, Ken'ichi Yamaguchi, Masaaki Nameta, Hiroko Nishimura, Naoki Kashihara, Minoru Satoh, Yuko Nishi, and Toshio Shimada
- Subjects
Andrology ,Apoptosis ,biology.animal ,Genetics ,Biology ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Quail ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2013
29. A Report on the Symposium about the Japan-China Relationship in History Education(Cultural and Social Science)
- Author
-
Hiroko, NISHIMURA, 報告, 白梅学園短期大学, and Shiraume Gakuen College
- Published
- 1996
30. Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity of Triazole Derivatives Inhibiting Eosinophilia
- Author
-
Chikara Fukaya, T. Okada, Shinji Takeda, Hiroko Nishimura, Masahiko Kajii, Yoshio Kagitani, Masanori Sugiura, Youichiro Naito, and Fumihiko Akahoshi
- Subjects
Male ,Cell Survival ,Stereochemistry ,Guinea Pigs ,Chemical synthesis ,Dexamethasone ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,Eosinophilia ,Drug Discovery ,Respiratory Hypersensitivity ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Anti-Asthmatic Agents ,Pulmonary Eosinophilia ,Rats, Wistar ,Thioamide ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,ANTIASTHMATIC AGENTS ,Molecular Structure ,Ascaris ,Dextrans ,Biological activity ,Triazoles ,Recombinant Proteins ,Rats ,Eosinophils ,chemistry ,Mechanism of action ,Lung disease ,Antigens, Helminth ,Triazole derivatives ,Molecular Medicine ,Interleukin-5 ,medicine.symptom - Abstract
In order to develop novel antiasthmatic agents based on a new mechanism of action, a series of 3-substituted 5-amino-1-[(methylamino)(thiocarbonyl)]-1H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in a model in which eosinophilia was induced in the airway through intravenous (iv) injection of Sephadex particles on days 0, 2, and 5. After screening of several hundred derivatives, we finally identified the highly potent eosinophilia inhibitor 5-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-[(methylamino)(thiocarbonyl)]-1H-tria zole (23c, GCC-AP0341), which had ID50 values of 0.3 and 0.07 mg/kg when administered orally (os) and intraperitoneally (ip), respectively. This compound showed complete inhibition of the hypersensitivity induced by ascaris inhalation at an ip dose of 1 mg/kg as well as low toxicity, with an LD50 value of2.0 g/kg in mice. Extensive study of its mechanism of action revealed that 23c inhibited eosinophil survival induced by interleukin-5 (IL-5), but had little or no effect on leukotriene D4 (LTD4) or platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced responses. Taken together, these results suggest 23c as a novel candidate for the treatment of chronic asthma. Further studies are now underway.
- Published
- 1996
31. Menoto and Menoto : Female Nurse and Male Nurse(Cultural and Social Science)
- Author
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Hiroko, NISHIMURA, 白梅学園短期大学, and Shiraume Gakuen College
- Published
- 1995
32. A Record on the Library Activities of Shiraume Gakuen College : 1987-1993 Academic Years(Cultural and Social Science)
- Author
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Hiroko, NISHIMURA, 白梅学園短期大学図書館, and Shiraume Gakuen College
- Published
- 1995
33. Novel angiotensin receptor subtypes in fowl
- Author
-
O. E. Walker, C. M. Patton, A. B. Madison, J. Keiser, Hiroko Nishimura, and A. T. Chiu
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Angiotensin receptor ,Reserpine ,Pyridines ,Physiology ,Fowl ,Tetrazoles ,Blood Pressure ,In Vitro Techniques ,Losartan ,Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ,Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,Renin–angiotensin system ,medicine ,Animals ,Aorta, Abdominal ,Receptors, Angiotensin ,Angiotensin II receptor type 1 ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,biology ,Chemistry ,Angiotensin II ,Biphenyl Compounds ,Cell Membrane ,Imidazoles ,Models, Cardiovascular ,biology.organism_classification ,Acetylcholine ,Biphenyl compound ,Kinetics ,Endocrinology ,cardiovascular system ,Female ,Endothelium, Vascular ,Chickens ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Muscle Contraction ,medicine.drug - Abstract
We reported previously that blood vessels of domestic fowl contain angiotensin (ANG) receptors on 1) endothelium, mediating vasorelaxation via endothelium-derived relaxing factor and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate; 2) vascular smooth muscles, mediating neither relaxation nor contraction; and 3) presumably adrenergic nerve endings, transmitting vasopressor action via a release of norepinephrine. We aimed in the present study to determine fowl vascular ANG receptor subtypes and relate them to function. [Val5]ANG II (native fowl ANG II) increased mean arterial pressure of anesthetized, ganglion-blocker-treated fowl. The dose-pressor response curve for fowl ANG II was not altered by pretreatment (i.v.) with the ANG receptor subtype 1 (AT1) antagonist Dup-753 (losartan, 10 mg/kg) or the subtype 2 (AT2) antagonist PD-123319 (10 mg/kg). Furthermore, cumulative doses (1-20 mg/kg) of losartan or PD-123319 did not selectively inhibit ANG II-induced pressor responses. In reserpine- and prazosin-treated anesthetized fowl, [Val5]ANG II caused dose-dependent vasodepressor actions inhibited by neither losartan (10 mg/kg) nor PD-123319 (10 mg/kg). Likewise, [Val5]ANG II-induced vasorelaxation of fowl aortic rings in vitro was not inhibitable by PD-123319 or losartan (10(-5) M). Specific binding of 125I-labeled ANG II to the aortic endothelium was markedly displaced by ANG II, but not selectively by PD-123319 or losartan. Specific binding of 125I-ANG II ligand to the membrane fraction of aortic smooth muscles was displaced (50% inhibitory concentration) by [Val5]ANG II (3.3 x 10(-8) M) and slightly by PD-123319 (3.7 x 10(-5) M), but not by losartan or EXP-3174, an active metabolite of losartan.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- Published
- 1994
34. Control of sodium and chloride transport in the thick ascending limb in the avian nephron
- Author
-
Hiroko Nishimura and E. Osono
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Physiology ,Sodium ,Countercurrent multiplication ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Coturnix ,Nephron ,Sodium Chloride ,Models, Biological ,Ouabain ,Kidney Concentrating Ability ,Chlorides ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,biology.animal ,medicine ,Animals ,biology ,Reabsorption ,Osmolar Concentration ,biology.organism_classification ,Quail ,Perfusion ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Loop of Henle ,Energy source ,medicine.drug - Abstract
We previously reported that birds may concentrate urine by a countercurrent multiplier mechanism using single-solute (NaCl) recirculation, in which the thick ascending limb of Henle (TAL) of mammalian-type nephrons provides an energy source. The Japanese quail TAL has a higher lumen-to-bath Cl flux (JCl,lb) than that of mammals; the mechanism for maintaining the osmotic gradient along the medullary cone is unknown. We investigated whether salt delivery alters the NaCl reabsorption rate in the TAL dissected from both normal and salt-loaded Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix, 3-7 wk old. When salt loading to the TAL was increased by increasing the perfusion flow rate (PFR), the lumen-to-bath Na and Cl flux coefficients (KNa,lb or KCl,lb, 10(-7) cm2/s) increased, respectively (P < 0.05), from 5.1 +/- 0.9 to 7.6 +/- 0.7 and from 6.8 +/- 0.9 to 8.9 +/- 1.4. Ouabain addition significantly reduced the KNa,lb. A significant correlation existed between PFR and JCl,lb (r = 0.69, P < 0.01) and PFR and JNa,lb. When the TAL was perfused at a low PFR, increasing Cl concentration in the perfusate and bathing medium from 125 to 175 (P < 0.05) or 225 mM (P < 0.01) increased JCl,lb but not KCl,lb, while decreasing Cl concentration decreased JCl,lb but not KCl,lb. Salt loading of intact birds (0.2 M NaCl drinking water) for 7 days increased the plasma Na level and the cloacal fluid-to-plasma osmolality ratio from 0.28 +/- 0.07 to 1.06 +/- 0.05 (P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- Published
- 1994
35. Social Pathology of Welfare-State in Sweden : On the Criminality
- Author
-
Hiroko, Nishimura
- Published
- 1993
36. Angiotensin II-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of fowl aorta
- Author
-
K. Hasegawa, Hiroko Nishimura, and M. C. Khosla
- Subjects
Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endothelium ,Physiology ,Fowl ,Vasodilation ,Tachyphylaxis ,Arginine ,Poultry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,Renin–angiotensin system ,medicine ,Animals ,Vasoconstrictor Agents ,Aorta ,biology ,Angiotensin II ,Endothelium-derived relaxing factor ,Gossypol ,biology.organism_classification ,Acetylcholine ,Hydroquinones ,NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,cardiovascular system ,Calcium ,Female ,Endothelium, Vascular ,Sodium nitroprusside ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,medicine.drug - Abstract
In the domestic fowl, angiotensin II (ANG II) decreases blood pressure in vivo and causes endothelium-dependent relaxation of aortic smooth muscles in vitro. To characterize ANG II-induced vasorelaxation, we compared endothelium-dependent vasodilatory effects of [Asp1,Val5]-ANG II (fowl ANG II) and acetylcholine (ACh) with the endothelium-independent vasorelaxing effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on isometric tension of fowl aortic rings. Hemoglobin (Hb), gossypol, and N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), inhibitors for endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) in mammalian blood vessels, partially inhibited vasorelaxation induced by ANG II and ACh in fowl. Hb also markedly attenuated SNP-induced vasorelaxation, but not 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-induced relaxation. 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(diethylamino)octyl ester hydrochloride (TMB-8) or the removal of Ca2+ from the bathing medium attenuated the ACh-induced relaxation but did not significantly reduce vasorelaxation induced by ANG II or SNP. In the zero Ca2+ medium, aortic rings showed tachyphylaxis to ACh, while ANG II caused tachyphylaxis regardless of the presence or absence of external Ca2+. Furthermore, pretreatment of the ring with a high dose of ACh abolished the vasorelaxation response to ANG II, suggesting that ACh and ANG II may share a common Ca2+ pool. Calmidazolium, a calmodulin antagonist, abolished the vasorelaxation induced by ANG II and ACh but not that by SNP. Comparison of the vasodilatory effects of several ANG II analogues on fowl aortic rings showed an approximate potency order of [Asp1,Val5]-ANG II = [Asp1,Ile5]-ANG II > [Asn1,Ile5]-ANG II = [Sar1,Ile5]-ANG II > [Val5]-ANG III.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- Published
- 1993
37. Old Age Care in Sweden : How are the Society and the Family Involved? : from a policy perspective
- Author
-
Hiroko, Nishimura
- Published
- 1993
38. Women's Life in Japanese Medieval Novels : The case of Akimichi in Otogi Soushi(Cultural and Social Science)
- Author
-
Hiroko, NISHIMURA, 白梅学園短期大学, and Shiraume Gakuen College
- Published
- 1993
39. Adherens junction proteins in glomerular podocytes of quail kidney
- Author
-
Masaaki Nameta, Eishin Yaoita, Hiroko Nishimura, Tadashi Yamamoto, Makoto Uchiyama, and Tamaki Karasawa
- Subjects
Adherens junction ,Kidney ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,biology ,biology.animal ,Genetics ,medicine ,Anatomy ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Quail ,Biotechnology ,Cell biology - Published
- 2010
40. Women, Between Family and Work in Present-Day Japan
- Author
-
Hiroko, Nishimura
- Published
- 1992
41. Kinetics of the Hydrolysis of Micellar Substrates Catalyzed by Snake Venom Phospholipases A21
- Author
-
Hiroko Nishimura, Keizo Teshima, Tamotsu Omori-Satoh, Kiyoshi Ikeda, Kyozo Hayashi, Yuji Samejima, and Seiji Inoue
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reaction mechanism ,biology ,Chemistry ,Stereochemistry ,Substrate (chemistry) ,General Medicine ,Biochemistry ,Micelle ,Catalysis ,Hydrolysis ,Phospholipase A2 ,Enzyme ,Snake venom ,biology.protein ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Molecular Biology - Abstract
Effects of Ca2+ on the kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of mixed micelles of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (diC16PC) with Triton X-100, catalyzed by a cobra (Naja naja atra) (Group I) and a Habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) (Group II) PLA2s, were studied and compared with the results reported for other Group I and II enzymes. The substrate bindings to Group I enzymes were independent of the Ca2+ binding, whereas the substrate bindings to Group II enzymes were facilitated more than 10 times by the Ca2+ binding to the enzymes. The result for Group II enzymes, but not Group I enzymes, seemed compatible with the hypothesis for interpreting the catalytic mechanism that an intermediate complex should be stabilized by the coordination of the bound Ca2+ with the phosphoryl group and the carbonyl oxygen atom of the ester bond at the sn-2 position of the bound substrate molecule [Verheij et al. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 743-750 and (1981) Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 91, 91-203]. The pH dependence of the kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of the mixed micellar diC16PC, catalyzed by the cobra (N. naja atra) (Group I) and Habu (T. flavoviridis) (Group II) PLA2s, was also studied. The pK values of the catalytic group, His 48, and Tyr 52 for N. naja atra PLA2, shifted from 7.25 to 7.70 and from 10.30 to 10.85, respectively, and the corresponding values for T. flavoviridis PLA2 shifted from 5.80 to 6.95 and from 10.10 to 10.76, respectively, on binding of the micellar substrates to the enzymes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- Published
- 1992
42. Glomerular podocytes in developing quail kidney
- Author
-
Hiroko Nishimura, Tadashi Yamamoto, Hiroshi Kawachi, Masaaki Nameta, Yimu Yang, Makoto Uchiyama, Eishin Yaoita, and Tamaki Karasawa
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Kidney ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,biology ,Internal medicine ,biology.animal ,Genetics ,medicine ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Quail ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2009
43. Control of aquaporin 2 expression in collecting ducts of quail kidneys
- Author
-
Hiroko Nishimura, Robert J. Wyatt, George A. Cook, Yimu Yang, and Keith K. Lau
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Vasopressin ,Aquaporin ,In situ hybridization ,Coturnix ,Quail ,Avian Proteins ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,biology.animal ,Gene expression ,medicine ,Animals ,RNA, Messenger ,Kidney Tubules, Collecting ,In Situ Hybridization ,Aquaporin 2 ,biology ,Water Deprivation ,urogenital system ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Body Weight ,Riboprobe ,biology.organism_classification ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Animal Science and Zoology - Abstract
Birds and mammals are the only vertebrates that can concentrate urine. Avian kidneys contain structurally primitive loopless nephrons and also more advanced looped nephrons, in the cortical and medullary regions, respectively. We have identified the gene sequence of an aquaporin 2 (AQP2)-homologue water channel in collecting ducts of kidneys from adult quail, Coturnix japonica. Although immunoreactive quail AQP2 (qAQP2) was found in both types of nephrons, the expression is enhanced more clearly in the medullary regions after water deprivation. We therefore hypothesized that regulation of qAQP2 expression in quail kidneys via antidiuretic hormone (ADH) may require more advanced nephron structure. In this study, we determined the expression of qAQP2 mRNA in tissues isolated from the cortical and medullary regions before and after water deprivation, by conventional reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR. In both normally hydrated and water-deprived groups, qAQP2 mRNA levels in the medullary regions were significantly higher (P
- Published
- 2008
44. 'Diabetes Insipidus' Strain Quail Show Poorly Developed Medullary Cones and Low Aquaporin 2 Water Channel Expression
- Author
-
Rhonda J. Kuykindoll, Francis Minvielle, Yimu Yang, Jean-Marie Gasc, Hiroko Nishimura, and Tadashi Yamamoto
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Strain (chemistry) ,biology ,Medullary cavity ,medicine.disease ,Biochemistry ,Quail ,Endocrinology ,Water channel ,Aquaporin 2 ,biology.animal ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes insipidus ,Genetics ,medicine ,Molecular Biology ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2008
45. Angiotensin II binding sites in aortic endothelium of domestic fowl
- Author
-
Hiroko Nishimura, A. Nasjletti, and John N. Stallone
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Angiotensin receptor ,Vascular smooth muscle ,Endothelium ,Physiology ,Fowl ,Bradykinin ,Vasodilation ,Binding, Competitive ,Poultry ,Radioligand Assay ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,medicine.artery ,medicine ,Animals ,Aorta ,Binding Sites ,Membranes ,biology ,Angiotensin II ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Prostaglandins ,cardiovascular system ,Female ,Endothelium, Vascular - Abstract
In domestic fowl, angiotensin II (ANG II) produces a unique vasodepressor response in vivo and endothelium-dependent relaxation of aortic rings in vitro that appear to be a direct effect on vascular smooth muscle mediated through vascular angiotensin receptors. To explore the possible role of the endothelium in ANG II-induced vasodilation, ANG II binding to aortic membrane fractions and intact endothelium and prostaglandin (PG) production were examined in fowl aortas. 125I-[Ile5]ANG II binding by endothelium-intact aortic membrane fractions was consistently higher than binding by identically prepared endothelium-deleted membrane fractions at virtually all concentrations of ligand (10 pM-0.20 microM). Incubation of intact aortic rings with 125I-[Ile5]ANG II (0.50 nM) resulted in specific endothelial binding that increased linearly with time from 5.5 +/- 1.7 (SE) fmol/mg protein at 5 min to 13.7 +/- 1.8 at 30 min. Endothelial ANG II binding increased linearly with the dose of ligand, from 2.7 +/- 0.3 fmol/mg protein at 0.1 nM to 21.0 +/- 2.2 at 1.0 nM. Specific ANG II binding to aortic endothelium was competitively displaced 73 +/- 11% by unlabeled ANG II (0.1 microM) but not by bradykinin (0.1 microM). Incubation of intact aortic rings with [14C]arachidonic acid resulted in the formation of radioactive metabolites that comigrated in thin-layer chromatography with authentic PGE2 but not with 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. PGE2 production by aortic rings (44.4 +/- 4.5 ng.mg dry tissue-1.h-1) was not stimulated by addition of ANG II. These results suggest that specific receptors for ANG II exist in fowl aortic endothelium and that PGs are not involved in ANG II-induced vasodilation of the fowl aorta.
- Published
- 1990
46. The Problem of the Aged in Hungary : The Trend and the Background
- Author
-
Hiroko, Nishimura
- Published
- 1990
47. Studies on typification of cosmetics. Relationship between sensory evaluation and pysical measurement of emulsions
- Author
-
Hiroko Nishimura, Yutaka Ikeyama, Toshiei Koyanagi, and Ichiro Iida
- Subjects
Scale (ratio) ,Chemistry ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Skin surface ,Sensory system ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Biological system ,Cosmetics ,Multi point ,media_common ,Degree (temperature) - Abstract
We examined about relation between sensory test values and physical measurement values about properties of emulsions.At first, 22 items were evaluated sensually by some experts, and degree of moisture and lipid quantity of skin surface were measured. The data was analyzed by principle component analisis, and sensory classification scale (light type-rich type) and skin effect classification scale (moist type-oily type) were abstracted. According to the classification by the skin effect scale, the moist feeling was correlated with the degree of moisture on the moist type emulsions.Next, 12 items were measured their physical properties by tensipresser. And the data was correlated with sensory values. The measurement was carried by multi point biting method, and softness and viscosity were abstracted. From these physical parameters, the sensory properties of emulsions such as stickiness were briefly estimated, and it was suggested that automatic evaluation of emulsions would be possible by tensipresser.
- Published
- 1990
48. Urine concentration and avian aquaporin water channels
- Author
-
Hiroko Nishimura
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Osmosis ,Physiology ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Countercurrent multiplication ,Kidney development ,Aquaporin ,Vasotocin ,Biology ,Aquaporins ,Kidney ,Birds ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,biology.animal ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Water transport ,urogenital system ,Kidney metabolism ,Biological Evolution ,Quail ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Aquaporin 2 - Abstract
Although birds and mammals have evolved from primitive tetrapods and advanced divergently, both can conserve water by producing hyperosmotic urine. Unique aspects in the avian system include the presence of loopless and looped nephrons, lack of the thin ascending limb of Henle's loop, a corticomedullary osmotic gradient primarily consisting of NaCl without contribution of urea, and significant postrenal modification of final urine. The countercurrent multiplier mechanism operates between the descending and ascending limbs of Henle via recycling of a single solute (NaCl) with no water accompaniment, forming an osmotic gradient along the medullary cone. Bird kidneys and developing rat kidneys share morphological and functional characteristics. Avian kidneys express aquaporin (AQP) 1, 2, and 4 homologues that share considerable homology with mammalian counterparts, but their distribution and function may not be the same. AQP2 expression in Japanese quail (q) evolves in the collecting duct of early metanephric kidneys and continues to increase in intensity and distribution during nephrogenesis and maturation. qAQP2 mRNA and protein are increased by arginine vasotocin (avian ADH), but vasotocin-induced enhancement of cAMP production and water permeability are less marked than in mammalian kidneys. Nephrogenesis is delayed by insufficient nutrition in avian embryos and newborns and results in fewer nephrons and an impaired water balance in adults. Diabetes insipidus quail with homozygous autosomal recessive mutation and an unaffected vasotocin system have low AQP2 expression, underdeveloped medullary cones. Comparative studies will provide important insight into integrative, cellular, and molecular mechanisms of epithelial water transport and its control by humoral, neural, and hemodynamic mechanisms.
- Published
- 2007
49. Aquaporin-2 water channel in developing quail kidney: possible role in programming adult fluid homeostasis
- Author
-
Yimu Yang, Keith K. Lau, Rhonda J. Kuykindoll, Ken'ichi Yamaguchi, Hiroko Nishimura, Zheng Fan, and Tadashi Yamamoto
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Embryo, Nonmammalian ,Physiology ,Urinary system ,Countercurrent multiplication ,Aquaporin ,Coturnix ,Kidney ,Catheterization ,Electrolytes ,Physiology (medical) ,biology.animal ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Homeostasis ,RNA, Messenger ,In Situ Hybridization ,Aquaporin 2 ,biology ,urogenital system ,Body Weight ,Malnutrition ,Osmolar Concentration ,Embryo ,Nephrons ,Water-Electrolyte Balance ,Quail ,Cell biology ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Animals, Newborn - Abstract
Avian kidneys have loopless and looped nephrons; a countercurrent multiplier mechanism operates in the latter by NaCl recycling. We identified an aquaporin-2 (AQP2) homolog in apical/subapical regions of cortical and medullary collecting duct (CD) cells in kidneys of Japanese quail (q), Coturnix japonica. We investigated whether undernutrition during the embryonic/maturation period retards kidney and AQP2 development in quail and programs impaired volume regulation in adults. Protocols included 1) time course and 2) effects of 5–10% egg white withdrawal (EwW) or 48-h post-hatch food deprivation (FD) on nephron growth and qAQP2 mRNA expression, and 3) effects of EwW and FD on qAQP2 mRNA responses to 72-h water deprivation in adults. In metanephric kidneys, qAQP2 mRNA is expressed in medullary CDs at embryonic day 10; distribution and intensity increase during maturation. The number and size of glomeruli continue to increase after birth, whereas nephrogenic zones decrease. In EwW embryos, qAQP2 mRNA expression is initially delayed, then restored; birth weight and hatching rate are lower than in controls. Adults from EwW embryos and FD chicks have fewer ( P < 0.01) glomeruli. Water deprivation reduces body weight more in EwW birds than in controls. The results suggest that qAQP2 evolved in metanephric kidneys and that undernutrition may retard nephrogenesis, leading to impaired adult water homeostasis.
- Published
- 2007
50. Molecular and functional characterization of aquaporin 1 in Japanese quail kidneys
- Author
-
Hiroko Nishimura and Yimu Yang
- Subjects
biology ,Chemistry ,biology.animal ,Aquaporin 1 ,Genetics ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Quail ,Biotechnology ,Cell biology - Published
- 2007
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