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This study investigates the determinants of consumer satisfaction and behavior in online shopping, specifically within the North Karnataka region of India. In the rapidly growing e-commerce industry, understanding these determinants is critical for businesses to enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty. The research focuses on website usability, trust, convenience, monetary benefits, and payment security, which influence consumer purchase decisions. Additionally, the study explores shopping cart abandonment and the effectiveness of return and replacement policies. The findings provide insights into the unique characteristics of online shoppers in North Karnataka, highlighting the significance of tailored e-commerce strategies for semi-urban and rural areas. The study concludes that secure transactions, user-friendly interfaces, and effective loyalty programs are pivotal in driving consumer satisfaction and online shopping behavior in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Li0.5Ni0.6Zn0.15Fe2O4 (Q), Li0.5Ni0.5Zn0.25Fe2O4 (R) ferrite samples have been synthesized by so-lid state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirms the formation of cubic spinel structure with lattice constants 8.378, 8.397 Å respectively. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show grain size in the range of few micrometres with variety of structures. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum of both samples show two (ν1 and ν2) significant absorption bands, corresponding to metal oxygen vibration at tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) interstitial sites respectively. The Cole-Cole plots show the electrical conductivity is mainly due to grains in both samples.

Phytobezoar is an unusual cause of small bowel obstruction. It accounts for about 0.4%-4% of all mechanical bowel obstruction. However, the symptoms are not very different from those caused by usual aetiologies of small bowel obstruction. The commonest site of obstruction is terminal ileum. Treatment of small bowel obstruction due to Phytobezoar is surgery. Prevention includes avoidance of high fibre diet, prokinetics particularly in patients who have undergone gastric surgery. A 57-year-old male presented with symptoms and signs of small bowel obstruction. On exploratory laparotomy Phytobezoar in the ileum was found to be the cause of obstruction. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology.

In this article, we introduce the notion of the uniquely $I$-clean ring and show that, if $R$ is a ring and $I$ is an ideal of $R$ then $R$ is uniquely $I$-clean if and only if ($R/ I$ is Boolean and idempotents lift uniquely modulo $I$) if and only if (for each $a\in R$ there exists a central idempotent $e\in R$ such that $e- a\in I$ and $I$ is idempotent-free). We examine when ideal extension is uniquely clean relative to an ideal. Also we obtain conditions on a ring $R$ and an ideal $I$ of $R$ under which uniquely $I$-clean rings coincide with uniquely clean rings. Further we prove that a ring $R$ is uniquely nil-clean if and only if ($N(R)$ is an ideal of $R$ and $R$ is uniquely $N(R)$-clean) if and only if $R$ is both uniquely clean and nil-clean if and only if ($R$ is an abelian exchange ring with $J(R)$ nil and every quasiregular element is uniquely clean). We also show that $R$ is a uniquely clean ring such that every prime ideal of $R$ is maximal if and only if $R$ is uniquely nil-clean ring and $N(R)= {\mathrm{Nil} }_{\ast } (R)$. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ayurveda had mentioned various procedures for maintaining oral hygiene. These include procedures like gandusha, kavala, dantadhavana, and jivha lekhana (cleaning tongue). Various plants have been mentioned in Ayurveda for dantakashta. Various Ayurvedic dental formulations are available in market in the form of powders, paste, etc. Present study was conducted for evaluating the effect of one of such Ayurvedic toothpowder named UDM, in controlling plaque and reducing gum inflammation in patients of moderate gingivitis. Scaling, root planning, and polishing were done for all the patients participating in the study. Oral hygiene instructions were given that included brushing twice/day with assigned tooth powder using BASS method for tooth brushing and also massage over gum tissue with finger. All the patients were recalled after 15 days. Scores of plaque index and gingival index was recorded on day 1 and day 15 of treatment. Total of 15 patients were recruited in each group. The mean reduction in gingival index was 1.15 (P<0.05) and 1.26 (P<0.05) in positive control and UDM treatment groups, respectively. However, the mean reduction in plaque indices were found to be 2.03 (P<0.05) and 2.16 (P<0.05) in positive control and UDM groups, respectively. No significant difference was seen in both the parameters between the two groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence, size, shape, and location of torus palatinus (TP) and torus mandibularis (TM), and to assess their sex-related and age-related differences in the Malay population. Sixty-five subjects were assessed for the presence of both tori at the School of Dental Sciences University Sains Malaysia. The prevalence of TP was 38-63% and that of TM was 1-10%. TP was frequently more common in females than males (90.9% versus 9.1%; P < 0.05) and was frequently found in medium sizes, spindle shaped, and was often located at the combined premolar to molar areas. The prevalence of TM was not significantly different in males and females (33.3% versus 66.7%; P = 0.523), occurred most commonly in bilateral multiple form, and was often located at the canine to premolar area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytobezoar is an unusual cause of small bowel obstruction. It accounts for about 0.4%-4% of all mechanical bowel obstruction. However, the symptoms are not very different from those caused by usual aetiologies of small bowel obstruction. The commonest site of obstruction is terminal ileum. Treatment of small bowel obstruction due to Phytobezoar is surgery. Prevention includes avoidance of high fibre diet, prokinetics particularly in patients who have undergone gastric surgery. A 57-year-old male presented with symptoms and signs of small bowel obstruction. On exploratory laparotomy Phytobezoar in the ileum was found to be the cause of obstruction. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quamoclit phoenicea Choisy and Quamoclit coccinea Moench. (Syn. Ipomoea coccinea Linn), belonging to the Convolvulaceae plant family, was found to contain palmitic (22.2%, 33.3%), stearic (11.3%, 1.7%) oleic (13.5%, 14.6%), linoleic (40.1%, 30.8%), vernolic (6.4%, 10.2%), arachidic (3.5%, 6.8%) and behenic (3.8%, 2.6%) acids, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a promising material in dentistry, leveraging its exceptional properties. This study evaluates the physicochemical attributes of GO and elucidates its derived biological properties. These encompass biocompatibility, antibacterial efficacy, as well as its influence on osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation processes. Understanding the intricate interplay between the physicochemical and biological aspects of GO provides valuable insights into its potential applications in various dental contexts. Materials and methods The study group (so; titanium discs surface coated with GO) and the control group (co; plain/uncoated machined titanium discs) were divided based on cell attachment and cell proliferation assays (n=60). These groups were further divided into subgroups (n=30) based on the tested time intervals, specifically 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours. The study and controlgroups were further subdivided into three subgroups (n=10) based on the microorganisms tested i.e Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacteria nucleatum. Results The results of this in vitro study suggest that GO-coated titanium dental implants have both increased osteogenic potential and antimicrobial efficacy. Graphene has good potential as a promising alternative to traditional surface treatments, and a graphene-coated implant can be used for enhanced osseointegration.  Conclusion The osteogenic potential and the cell attachment were higher on titanium surfaces coated with GO nanoparticles when compared to plain titanium discs at 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Rayannavar et al.)

The lack of crystallinity of the aerogel materials has limited their significance which otherwise have found huge potential in wide variety of applications. In current work, we have developed TiO 2 aerogels by solid-state gelation method using commercially available P25 and ST-01 (commercial Ishihara TiO 2 Powder). The lack of crystallinity in the aerogel framework was resolved via utilizing crystalline TiO 2 nanoparticles and the phase transformation was assessed as a function of phase composition. Via controlled solid-state gelation, surface area retention of 88.7% was achieved whereas the rutile-to-anatase weight fraction (W R ) was considerably enhanced to 0.50. Interestingly, the phase transformation occurred only in P25, which suggests the mixed phase (anatase + rutile) composition as prerequisite for successful phase transformation. Favorably, TiO 2 aerogels imbibe high degree of oxygen vacancies (Vo) responsible for photocatalytic applications. Interestingly, Vo induction is higher for the TiO 2 with anatase phase composition (ST-01) followed by the sample with mixed phase composition (P25). The developed TiO 2 aerogel photocatalysts were employed to dye degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) and Methylene Blue (MB). The samples attained 94.8% and 96.8% degradation efficiency within 15 min for RhB and MB with nearly 2-fold improvement in the photocatalytic efficiency compared to parent P25 TiO 2 respectively., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Genetic analysis of gladiolus germplasm using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers is largely missing due to scarce genomic information. Hence, microsatellites identified for related genera or species may be utilized to understand the genetic diversity and assess genetic relationships among cultivated gladiolus varieties., Methods: In the present investigation, we screened 26 genomic SSRs ( Gladiolus palustris, Crocus sativus , Herbertia zebrina , Sysirinchium micranthum ), 14 chloroplast SSRs (Gladiolus spp . , chloroplast DNA regions ) and 25 Iris Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) derived SSRs across the 84 gladiolus ( Gladiolus × grandiflorus L.) genotypes. Polymorphic markers detected from amplified SSRs were used to calculate genetic diversity estimates, analyze population structure, cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA)., Results: A total of 41 SSRs showed reproducible amplification pattern among the selected gladiolus cultivars. Among these, 17 highly polymorphic SSRs revealed a total of 58 polymorphic alleles ranging from two to six with an average of 3.41 alleles per marker. Polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.11 to 0.71 with an average value of 0.48. A total of 4 SSRs were selectively neutral based on the Ewens-Watterson test. Hence, 66.66% of Gladiolus palustris , 48% of Iris spp. EST, 71.42% of Crocus sativus SSRs showed cross-transferability among the gladiolus genotypes. Analysis of genetic structure of 84 gladiolus genotypes revealed two subpopulations; 35 genotypes were assigned to subpopulation 1, 37 to subpopulation 2 and the remaining 12 genotypes could not be attributed to either subpopulation. Analysis of molecular variance indicated maximum variance (53.59%) among individuals within subpopulations, whereas 36.55% of variation among individuals within the total population. The least variation (9.86%) was noticed between two subpopulations. Moderate (F ST = 0.10) genetic differentiation between two subpopulations was observed. The grouping pattern of population structure was consistent with the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram based on simple matching dissimilarity coefficient and PCoA., Conclusion: SSR markers from the present study can be utilized for cultivar identification, conservation and sustainable utilization of gladiolus genotypes for crop improvement. Genetic relationships assessed among the genotypes of respective clusters may assist the breeders in selecting desirable parents for crossing., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2023 Hiremath et al.)