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3. Calorie restriction improves metabolic state independently of gut microbiome composition: a randomized dietary intervention trial

Author

Sowah, Solomon A., Milanese, Alessio, Schübel, Ruth, Wirbel, Jakob, Kartal, Ece, Johnson, Theron S., Hirche, Frank, Grafetstätter, Mirja, Nonnenmacher, Tobias, Kirsten, Romy, López-Nogueroles, Marina, Lahoz, Agustín, Schwarz, Kathrin V., Okun, Jürgen G., Ulrich, Cornelia M., Nattenmüller, Johanna, von Eckardstein, Arnold, Müller, Daniel, Stangl, Gabriele I., Kaaks, Rudolf, Kühn, Tilman, and Zeller, Georg

Published
2022
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5. Propionic Acid Shapes the Multiple Sclerosis Disease Course by an Immunomodulatory Mechanism

Author

Duscha, Alexander, Gisevius, Barbara, Hirschberg, Sarah, Yissachar, Nissan, Stangl, Gabriele I., Dawin, Eva, Bader, Verian, Haase, Stefanie, Kaisler, Johannes, David, Christina, Schneider, Ruth, Troisi, Riccardo, Zent, Daniel, Hegelmaier, Tobias, Dokalis, Nikolaos, Gerstein, Sara, Del Mare-Roumani, Sara, Amidror, Sivan, Staszewski, Ori, Poschmann, Gereon, Stühler, Kai, Hirche, Frank, Balogh, Andras, Kempa, Stefan, Träger, Pascal, Zaiss, Mario M., Holm, Jacob Bak, Massa, Megan G., Nielsen, Henrik Bjørn, Faissner, Andreas, Lukas, Carsten, Gatermann, Sören G., Scholz, Markus, Przuntek, Horst, Prinz, Marco, Forslund, Sofia K., Winklhofer, Konstanze F., Müller, Dominik N., Linker, Ralf A., Gold, Ralf, and Haghikia, Aiden

Published
2020
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18. Calorie restriction improves metabolic state independently of gut microbiome composition: a randomized dietary intervention trial

Author

Sowah, Solomon A, Milanese, Alessio, Schübel, Ruth, Wirbel, Jakob, Kartal, Ece, Johnson, Theron S, Hirche, Frank, Grafetstätter, Mirja, Nonnenmacher, Tobias, Kirsten, Romy, López-Nogueroles, Marina, Lahoz, Agustín, Schwarz, Kathrin V, Okun, Jürgen G, Ulrich, Cornelia M, Nattenmüller, Johanna, von Eckardstein, Arnold; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1666-2266, Müller, Daniel, Stangl, Gabriele I, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kühn, Tilman, Zeller, Georg; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1429-7485, Sowah, Solomon A, Milanese, Alessio, Schübel, Ruth, Wirbel, Jakob, Kartal, Ece, Johnson, Theron S, Hirche, Frank, Grafetstätter, Mirja, Nonnenmacher, Tobias, Kirsten, Romy, López-Nogueroles, Marina, Lahoz, Agustín, Schwarz, Kathrin V, Okun, Jürgen G, Ulrich, Cornelia M, Nattenmüller, Johanna, von Eckardstein, Arnold; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1666-2266, Müller, Daniel, Stangl, Gabriele I, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kühn, Tilman, and Zeller, Georg; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1429-7485

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The gut microbiota has been suggested to play a significant role in the development of overweight and obesity. However, the effects of calorie restriction on gut microbiota of overweight and obese adults, especially over longer durations, are largely unexplored. METHODS: Here, we longitudinally analyzed the effects of intermittent calorie restriction (ICR) operationalized as the 5:2 diet versus continuous calorie restriction (CCR) on fecal microbiota of 147 overweight or obese adults in a 50-week parallel-arm randomized controlled trial, the HELENA Trial. The primary outcome of the trial was the differential effects of ICR versus CCR on gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Changes in the gut microbiome, which are the focus of this publication, were defined as exploratory endpoint of the trial. The trial comprised a 12-week intervention period, a 12-week maintenance period, and a final follow-up period of 26 weeks. RESULTS: Both diets resulted in $\sim$5% weight loss. However, except for Lactobacillales being enriched after ICR, post-intervention microbiome composition did not significantly differ between groups. Overall weight loss was associated with significant metabolic improvements, but not with changes in the gut microbiome. Nonetheless, the abundance of the Dorea genus at baseline was moderately predictive of subsequent weight loss (AUROC of 0.74 for distinguishing the highest versus lowest weight loss quartiles). Despite the lack of consistent intervention effects on microbiome composition, significant study group-independent co-variation between gut bacterial families and metabolic biomarkers, anthropometric measures, and dietary composition was detectable. Our analysis in particular revealed associations between insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) and Akkermansiaceae, Christensenellaceae, and Tanerellaceae. It also suggests the possibility of a beneficial modulation of the latter two intestinal taxa by a diet high in vegetables and fiber, a

Published
2022

20. Additional file 1 of Calorie restriction improves metabolic state independently of gut microbiome composition: a randomized dietary intervention trial

Author

Sowah, Solomon A., Milanese, Alessio, Sch��bel, Ruth, Wirbel, Jakob, Kartal, Ece, Johnson, Theron S., Hirche, Frank, Grafetst��tter, Mirja, Nonnenmacher, Tobias, Kirsten, Romy, L��pez-Nogueroles, Marina, Lahoz, Agust��n, Schwarz, Kathrin V., Okun, J��rgen G., Ulrich, Cornelia M., Nattenm��ller, Johanna, von Eckardstein, Arnold, M��ller, Daniel, Stangl, Gabriele I., Kaaks, Rudolf, K��hn, Tilman, and Zeller, Georg

Abstract

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Identification of possibly swapped samples. In the figure, samples are displayed as subject id and time point. The affected samples are 700119_3 in the top panel, 700053_T3 in the middle panel, 700085_T0 and 700085_T2 in the bottom panel. Figure S2. NMDS plots of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrices did not reveal distinct clustering patterns according to intervention groups at weeks (a) 24 and (b) 50. Figure S3. Prevotella and Bacteroides relative abundance of all 16S amplicon samples (a), and histogram of the distribution of the Prevotella-to-Bacteroides ratio (b). Bar Plot showing the distribution of the P/B ratio per intervention group (c), time point (d) and combination of intervention group and time point (e). Correlation between weight loss and P/B ratio pre-intervention (f), post-intervention (g) and changes in P/B ratio (post- minus pre-intervention) (h). There is a nominal association in panel c which disappears with multiple testing correction. Figure S4. Body weight and energy, fiber, macronutrients, fruits, vegetables and processed meat consumption across timepoints according to intervention groups. Figure S5. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plots of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity distances between samples across all timepoints according to (a) intervention groups and (b) weight loss quartiles. Figure S6. Association of baseline Dorea abundance and gut microbiota plasticity (baseline to week 12) with long-term weight loss i.e. week 24 and week 50. Figure S7. LME plots for all significant associations between bacterial families and anthropometric measures (see Figure 6a in the main text). Figure S8. Body weight and intakes energy, fiber, macronutrients, fruits, vegetables and processed meat across timepoints according to weight loss quartiles.

Published
2022
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26. Increased vitamin D levels at birth and in early infancy increase offspring allergy risk—evidence for involvement of epigenetic mechanisms

Author

Junge, Kristin M., Bauer, Tobias, Geissler, Stefanie, Hirche, Frank, Thürmann, Loreen, Bauer, Mario, Trump, Saskia, Bieg, Matthias, Weichenhan, Dieter, Gu, Lei, Mallm, Jan-Philipp, Ishaque, Naveed, Mücke, Oliver, Röder, Stefan, Herberth, Gunda, Diez, Ulrike, Borte, Michael, Rippe, Karsten, Plass, Christoph, Hermann, Carl, Stangl, Gabriele I., Eils, Roland, and Lehmann, Irina

Published
2016
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41. Thermally oxidized dietary fat upregulates the expression of target genes of PPAR[alpha] in rat liver

Author

Sulzle, Andrea, Hirche, Frank, and Eder, Klaus

Subjects
Rattus -- Research, Rats -- Research, Vitamin E -- Research, Metabolism -- Research, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

Oxidized fats affect animal metabolism in several ways. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of dietary oxidized rats in rats at varying dietary vitamin E concentrations, the gene expression profile of the liver was monitored with an array containing 1176 binding sites for cDNAs. Rats were fed diets with a fresh fat and vitamin E concentrations of 25 or 250 mg [alpha]-tocopherol/kg (FF25, FF250 rats) or a fat heated at 50[degrees]C for 38 d, with vitamin E concentrations of 25 or 250 mg [alpha]-tocopherol/kg (OF25, OF250 rats) for 63 d. Differences in gene expression were considered to be significant at a ratio of at least 1.4. In the OF25 rats, the expression of 47 genes was altered; in the OF250 rats, the expression of 37 genes was altered, and in the FF250 rats, the expression of 21 genes was altered compared with FF25 rats. In both OF25 and OF250 rats, a series of target genes of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [alpha] (PPAR[alpha]) was upregulated. Determination of gene expression of acyl CoA oxidase and activity of catalase confirmed that oxidized fats caused peroxisome proliferation in the liver. In OF25 and OF250 rats, there was also upregulation of 12 and 5 genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism and stress response, of 7 and 7 genes involved in protein metabolism, of 5 and 2 genes encoding intracellular effectors or modulators and of 5 and 6 genes, respectively, encoding activators or repressors of transcription or translation. In conclusion, this study provides indirect evidence that dietary oxidized fats cause an activation of the PPAR[alpha], irrespective of the dietary vitamin E concentration. Identification of several other differentially regulated genes may be helpful to understand the effects of oxidized rats on animal metabolism. KEY WORDS: * rats * oxidized rats * vitamin E * cDNA array * gene expression

Published
2004

43. Thermally oxidized dietary fats increase the susceptibility of rat LDL to lipid peroxidation but not their uptake by macrophages

Author

Eder, Klaus, Keller, Uta, Hirche, Frank, and Brandsch, Corinna

Subjects
Rattus -- Food and nutrition, Rats -- Food and nutrition, Low density lipoproteins -- Physiological aspects, Dietary fat -- Health aspects, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary oxidized fats on the lipoprotein profile and the atherogenicity of LDL. Two experiments with male Sprague-Dawley rats were conducted. In Experiment 1, diets with either fresh fat or oxidized fat, prepared by heating at temperatures of 50, 105 or 190[degrees]C, containing either 25 or 250 mg [alpha]-tocopherol equivalents/kg were used. In Experiment 2, diets with fresh or oxidized fat, heated at a temperature of 55[degrees]C, containing 25 mg [alpha]-tocopherol equivalents/kg, were used. In Experiment 1, rats fed all types of oxidized fats had higher concentrations of HDL cholesterol and lower ratios between plasma and HDL cholesterol than rats fed the diet containing the fresh fat. As determined from the lag time, the susceptibility of LDL to copper-induced lipid peroxidation was higher in rats fed oxidized fats heated at 105 or 190[degrees]C than in rats fed the diets containing the fresh fat or the oxidized fat treated at 50[degrees]C, irrespective of the dietary vitamin E concentration. However, in Experiment 2, the composition of LDL apolipoproteins and uptake of LDL by macrophages were not different between rats fed the fresh fat diet and those fed the oxidized fat diet. We conclude that ingestion of oxidized fats does not adversely affect the lipoprotein profile in the rat model used, and does not cause modifications of apolipoproteins that would lead to enhanced uptake of LDL via macrophage scavenger receptors. KEY WORDS: * antioxidant status * LDL * oxidized fat * rats

Published
2003

45. Excess dietary vitamin E lowers the activities of antioxidative enzymes in erythrocytes of rats fed salmon oil

Author

Eder, Klaus, Flader, Diana, Hirche, Frank, and Brandsch, Corinna

Subjects
Vitamin E -- Physiological aspects, Erythrocytes -- Physiological aspects, Animal nutrition -- Research, Fish oils -- Physiological aspects, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

In vitro studies suggest that high vitamin E supplementation has prooxidative activity, but very few studies have investigated this effect in vivo. We investigated the effect of excess vitamin E on the antioxidative status of rat erythrocytes and indicators of hemolysis. Six groups of growing male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed purified diets with three different vitamin E doses [100, 1000 and 10,000 mg all-rac-[alpha]-tocopheryl acetate (TA)/kg diet] and two different dietary fats (salmon oil and lard) for 8 wk. The rats whose diet contained salmon oil and 10,000 mg TA/kg had lower activities of superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05), glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05), catalase (P < 0.05) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (P < 0.05) and a lower concentration of glutathione (P < 0.05) in the erythrocyte cytosol than rats whose diet contained 100 mg TA/kg. The concentration of free hemoglobin and the binding capacity of haptoglobin in plasma, both indicators of in vivo hemolysis, did not differ between rats fed the salmon oil diet with 100 or 10,000 mg TA/kg. In the rats whose diet contained lard, the activities of antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes and indicators of in vivo hemolysis were independent of the dietary vitamin E concentration. The results of the study suggest that an excessive vitamin E intake, when combined with salmon oil in the diet, lowers the activities of antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes without affecting in vivo hemolysis. KEY WORDS: * rats * erythrocytes * vitamin E * hemolysis * antioxidative enzymes

Published
2002

48. Postprandial Metabolic Response to Rapeseed Protein in Healthy Subjects

Author

Volk, Christin, primary, Brandsch, Corinna, additional, Schlegelmilch, Ulf, additional, Wensch-Dorendorf, Monika, additional, Hirche, Frank, additional, Simm, Andreas, additional, Gargum, Osama, additional, Wiacek, Claudia, additional, Braun, Peggy G., additional, Kopp, Johannes F., additional, Schwerdtle, Tanja, additional, Treede, Hendrik, additional, and Stangl, Gabriele I., additional

Published
2020
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