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Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Obesity has become an important cause of comorbidities, it is important to recognize the diseases associated with this condition early, as well as its treatment. Obese hypoventilation syndrome, also called Pickwick syndrome, has been defined by the triad of obesity, daytime hypoventilation and altered breathing during sleep, in the absence of another disease that explains the respiratory alterations. The case of a 53-years-old patient, white skin color, male, from urban origin, with a personal pathological history of high blood pressure, gouty arthritis, morbid obesity, unstable angina pectoris, previous episodes of atrial fibrillation and Pickwick syndrome without treatment for it, it is presented. On February the 12th, 2023, he was brought by his family to the Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima Hospital in the Cienfuegos province, because he had had difficulty breathing, a fever of 39ºC, for seven days, and the day before he had begun to expectorate blood. The performed procedures and treatments for each complication are described, until his death. Due to the importance of diagnosis, control and follow-up of these obese patients with comorbidities, to avoid fatal outcomes, it was decided to present the case.

Intermittent hypoxia refers to the discontinuous use of low oxygen levels in normobaric environment. These conditions can be reproduced in hypoxic tents or chambers while the individual is training in different physical activity protocols. Intermittent hypoxia can affect several body systems, impacting nutrition, physical performance, health status and body composition. Therefore, it is necessary to assess protocols, regarding time and frequency of exposure, passive exposure or training in hypoxia, and the simulated altitude. At the molecular level, the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α is the primary factor mediating induction of target genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin. The goal of these molecular changes is to preserve oxygen supply for cardiac and neuronal function. In addition, hypoxia produces a sympathetic adrenal activation that can increase the resting metabolic rate. Altogether, these changes are instrumental in protocols designed to improve physical performance as well as functional parameters for certain pathological disorders. In addition, nutrition must adapt to the increased energy expenditure. In this last context, performing physical activity in intermittent hypoxia improves insulin sensitivity by increasing the presence of the glucose transporter GLUT-4 in muscle membranes. These changes could also be relevant for obesity and type 2 diabetes treatment. Also, the anorectic effect of intermittent hypoxia modulates serotonin and circulating leptin levels, which may contribute to regulate food intake and favor body weight adaptation for optimal sport performance and health. All these actions suggest that intermittent hypoxia can be a very effective tool in sports training as well as in certain clinical protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Endocrinología, Metabolismo y Nutrición is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Determining the tolerance of immature tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) to water submersion could have practical application in orchard sanitation for fly management. Herein, we determined the mortality of immature western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, submerged in water by submersing infested cherries for 4, 8, and 12 d. In 2020, 2021, and 2022, infested ripe cherries (mostly sweet cherry Prunus avium L.; Rosaceae) were collected from unmanaged trees outside of orchards in central Washington, U.S.A., submerged in water, and then removed from water to monitor for larval emergence as a measure of immature fly stage survival. Pre-treatment sub-samples estimated that eggs comprised 43.1–62.3% of immature stages in sweet cherries and second or third instars comprised 17.6–26.2%. Water in tests was hypoxic, containing <1–2 ppm dissolved oxygen over the majority of the 4- to 12-d tests. The 4-d submersion treatment did not prevent emergence of larvae from a tart cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) sample, whereas larval emergence was prevented in sweet and tart cherry samples in 8- and 12-d treatments. In the 8-d treatment, an estimated 48,689 immature fly stages did not survive treatment, for an estimated 99.99385% mortality at the 95% confidence level and a probit of 8.8400. These results demonstrate, as a proof of concept, that water submersion could be used as a method for disinfesting fruit in systems where orchard sanitation is a major method for fly management. La determinación de la tolerancia de los inmaduros de las moscas tefrítidas de la fruta (Diptera: Tephritidae) a la inmersión en agua podría tener una aplicación práctica en el saneamiento de huertos para el control de moscas. Determinamos la mortalidad de los estados inmaduros de la mosca occidental de la cereza, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, sumergida en agua al sumergir cerezas infestadas durante 4, 8 y 12 días. En 2020, 2021 y 2022, se recolectaron cerezas maduras infestadas (principalmente cerezas dulces Prunus avium L.; Rosaceae) de árboles no manejados fuera de huertos en el centro de Washington, EE. UU., se las sumergieron en agua y luego se retiraron del agua para monitorear la aparición de larvas. como medida de sobrevivencia del estadio inmaduro. Las submuestras previas al tratamiento estimaron que los huevos comprendían entre el 43,1% y el 62,3% de los estados inmaduros en las cerezas dulces, mientras que el segundo o tercer estadio comprendía entre el 17,6% y el 26,2%. El agua en las pruebas era hipóxica y contenía <1 a 2 ppm de oxígeno disuelto durante la mayoría de las pruebas de 4 a 12 días. El tratamiento de inmersión de 4 días no impidió la aparición de larvas en una muestra de cereza ácida (Prunus cerasus L.), mientras que la aparición de larvas se evitó en muestras de cerezas dulces y ácidas en los tratamientos de 8 y 12 días. En el tratamiento de 8 días, se estima que 48.689 estadios inmaduros de moscas no sobrevivieron al tratamiento, para una mortalidad estimada del 99,99385% con un nivel de confianza del 95% y un probit de 8,8400. Estos resultados demuestran, como prueba de concepto, que la inmersión en agua podría usarse como un método para desinfectar la fruta en sistemas donde el saneamiento de los huertos es un método importante para el control de las moscas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (S.A.O.S.), se caracteriza por obstrucción periódica de la vía aérea superior durante el sueño. Los dispositivos nasofaríngeos, son pequeños tubos de goma que ocupan el espacio nasofaríngeo para permeabilizar el paso de aire a través de los tejidos. Es necesario mejorar la seguridad en sedaciones fuera de quirófano para disminuir riesgos y costos. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad en el uso del dispositivo nasofaríngeo para disminuir los episodios de hipoxia en pacientes con sospecha de S.A.O.S., que ameriten sedación profunda durante procedimientos digestivos. Metodología: Se seleccionó una muestra de 40 pacientes, femeninos y masculinos entre 30 a 65 años, ASA I – III, con sospecha de S.A.O.S. según cuestionario STOP- BANG. Distribuidos aleatoriamente, grupo A (22) recibieron oxígeno por cánula nasal, y grupo B (18), en quienes se utilizó el dispositivo nasofaríngeo más oxígeno por cánula nasal. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 54 ± 9.43 años, del sexo masculino en el 80%, IMC de 31 ± 5kg/m2. En el grupo A, 64% presentó desaturación; y 56% hipoxia. A diferencia del grupo B, donde 27% presentaron desaturación y ninguno presentó hipoxia, p valor = 0,003, y p valor < 0,001 respectivamente. Hubo complicaciones leves en 16,66% del grupo experimental. Conclusión: El uso del dispositivo nasofaríngeo fue bien tolerado y efectivo para disminuir los episodios de hipoxia en pacientes con sospecha de S.A.O.S. sometidos a procedimientos digestivos endoscópicos bajo sedación profunda, con una tasa leve de complicaciones y alto grado de aceptación por parte del médico.

Objective: To classify into clinical syndromes the symptoms of acute and chronic COVID-19 infection among a high-altitude population during the first and second waves. Materials and methods: A prospective and longitudinal study. An online questionnaire was administered to people infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the first and second waves from March 2020 to December 2021. The measures of central tendency were expressed as means and percentages with a 95 % confidence interval. The chi-square test associated the variables and considered a p value ≤ 0.05. IBM SPSS Statistics statistical software V22 was used. Results: A total of 87 women and 63 men with an average age of 44.12 (± 14.56) years participated in the research, out of whom 48.70 % and 51.30 % were infected in the first and second waves, respectively. The 59 reported symptoms were grouped into 19 syndromes for the acute phase and 18 for the chronic phase. The most frequent syndromes in the acute phase were incomplete acute toxic infectious disorders (79.30 %), taste and smell disorders (60.70 %) and anxiety and depressive disorders (56.79 %). Chronic COVID was called post-COVID-19 syndrome and was subdivided into three phases: post-acute, chronic and long-haul. In the post-acute and chronic phases, muscle fatigue and weakness as well as pain and aches appeared, persisting until the long-haul phase, where lingering symptoms were considered sequelae. Post-COVID-19 syndrome occurred in 64.55 % of the participants. Conclusions: This study has shown an increased frequency of symptoms affecting the central and peripheral nervous system in both the acute phase and post-COVID-19 syndrome. It is possible that hypobaric hypoxia, by prolonging inflammation and stimulating oxidative stress, may lead to a longer post-COVID-19 syndrome, with a greater impact on the nervous system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To investigate changes of MMP-9 in the rat spleen and hypoxia-induced microvascular basement membrane under high altitude hypoxia. Thirty male specific pathogen-free Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control and hypoxia groups, with 15 rats in each group. The rats in the control group were placed in Dingxi City, Gansu Province (2080 m above sea level) for 30 days. Rats in the hypoxia group were raised in a hypoxic environment in Maduo County, Qinghai Province (4300 m above sea level), for 30 days to establish a hypoxic rat model. Routine blood tests, MMP-9 mRNA, MMP-9 protein, and the spleen microvascular basement membrane were detected. (1) Compared with the control group, the red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels of the rats in the hypoxia group were all increased; thus, a hypoxia model was successfully established. (2) Compared with the control group, the expression of MMP-9 mRNA and protein was significantly higher in the spleen of rats in the hypoxic group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). (3) Compared with the control group, the blood vessel basement membrane in the spleen of the hypoxia group was degraded. Under natural low air pressure and high altitude conditions, the expression of MMP-9 in rat spleen tissue increases and participates in the degradation of the microvascular basement membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: Clasificar los síntomas de la infección aguda y crónica de la COVID-19 en síndromes clínicos, en un grupo poblacional que vive en altura, durante la primera y segunda ola. Materiales y métodos: Estudio prospectivo y longitudinal. Se aplicó un cuestionario virtual a personas infectadas por el SARS-CoV-2 durante la primera y segunda ola, en el periodo marzo del 2020 a diciembre del 2021. Las medidas de tendencia central se expresaron en promedios y porcentajes, con un intervalo de confianza del 95 %. La prueba de ji al cuadrado asoció variables y consideró un valor p ≤ 0,05. Se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS 22. Resultados: Participaron 87 mujeres y 63 varones, con una edad promedio de 44,12 (±14,56) años. El 48,70 % se contagiaron en la primera ola y 51,30 %, en la segunda. Los 59 síntomas identificados se agruparon en 19 síndromes correspondientes a la fase aguda y 18 correspondientes a la fase crónica. Los síndromes más frecuentes en la fase aguda fueron el tóxico-infeccioso agudo incompleto, con 79,30 %; el de disfunción del gusto y olfato, con 60,70 %, y el ansioso-depresivo, con 56,79 %. La fase crónica se denominó síndrome pos-COVID-19 y fue subdividida en tres fases, la posaguda, la crónica y la de transportador prolongado. En las fases posaguda y crónica aparecen el síndrome de agotamiento muscular y el doloroso, que persisten hasta la fase de transportador prolongado, en donde los síntomas residuales se consideran secuelas. El síndrome pos-COVID-19 se presentó en 64,55 % de los participantes. Conclusiones: Este estudio ha demostrado una frecuencia mayor de síntomas dependientes de la invasión del virus al sistema nervioso central y periférico tanto en la fase aguda como en el síndrome pos-COVID-19. Es posible que la hipoxia hipobárica al prolongar la inflamación y estimular el estrés oxidativo determine un síndrome pos-COVID-19 más prolongado, y que este tenga mayor repercusión en el sistema nervioso.

Background: Coronavirus disease leads to silent hypoxia, ARDS, and organ failure. The saturation and fraction of inspired oxygen have been related to the degree of lung damage, can be considered as a monitoring tool for lung function during hospitalization and a predictor of mortality in patients with pneumonia by COVID-19. Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of the oxygen saturation index and fraction of inspired oxygen as a predictor of mortality in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Material and methods: A retrospective, longitudinal, analytical study. Files of eligible patients with a diagnosis of SARSCoV-2 pneumonia were admitted to HGR No.2, complete file, recording of oxygen saturation and inspired fraction of oxygen, were included. Patients dependent on supplemental oxygen, who did not require supplemental oxygen during their hospitalization, incomplete records, patients who have died from non-pulmonary causes, were excluded. Results: A sample of 175 records of patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia was obtained. A logistic regression model was performed including: age over 60 years, mellitus diabetes, systemic arterial hypertension, SAFI index, and endotracheal intubation. Conclusion: The SpO2/Fio2 index can be used for continuous monitoring of lung function in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, in an accessible, easy and economical way. A relationship with mortality was obtained in patients with SpO2/FiO2 less than 310 associated with other factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agronomía Colombiana is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O treinamento em hipóxia baseia-se na diminuição da quantidade disponível de oxigênio nos tecidos, no qual é realizado em grandes altitudes. Com a finalidade de simular esse método, máscaras estão sendo utilizadas durante o treinamento. Com base nisso o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de sessões de treinamento em condições de hipóxia normobárica intermitente e normóxia sobre os parâmetros hematológicos e aptidão aeróbica. Trata-se de um estudo de campo, caracterizado como experimental do tipo pré e pós-teste, de corte longitudinal, de natureza intervencionista-descritiva com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra foi composta por 18 homens, relacionados por adesão, distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos, no qual foram submetidos ao teste de aptidão aeróbica e hemograma antes e após as sessões de treinamento com máscara. O tratamento foi composto por 12 sessões, concentração de 15% de oxigênio (30 min/dia, 3x/sem). As análises estatísticas, feitas através do teste t de Student para amostras pareadas (p

Objectives: mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are characterized by their anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive activity, and their ability to differentiate. This makes them an interesting therapeutic tool in cell therapy and regenerative medicine. In part, the therapeutic effect of MSC is mediated by the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EV). The preconditioning of MSC in hypoxia can enhance the regenerative capacity of the secreted EV. In this context, the aim of the study was to evaluate whether EV derived from human MSC cultured in normoxic and hypoxic conditions affect the osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis of MSC. Material and methods: EV were isolated from MSC maintained for 48 hours in normoxic or hypoxic conditions (3 % O2) using ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography. The EV were characterized by Western blot, electron microscopy, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. In MSC cultures, the effect of the EV on viability was evaluated using an MTT assay, migration was assessed with the Oris assay while differentiation into osteoblasts and adipocytes was also studied. Results: the EV increased viability and migration, but no differences were seen between those derived from normoxic and hypoxic culture conditions. The EV, mainly those derived from hypoxia, increased both mineralization, and the expression of osteoblastic genes. However, they did not affect adipogenesis significantly. Conclusions: the EV derived from MSC in hypoxia do not affect adipogenesis but have a greater ability to induce osteoblastogenesis. Therefore, they could potentially be used in bone regeneration therapies and treatments for bone conditions like osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica is the property of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivos: Verificar a prevalência de casos de asfixia perinatal admitidos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) do Hospital Universitário do Oeste do Paraná (HUOP) e investigar o seguimento do número de casos ao longo dos anos. Materiais e métodos: A população do estudo foi constituída por neonatos com asfixia perinatal internados na UTIN do HUOP de janeiro do ano de 2017 a dezembro do ano de 2021. Os dados foram coletados por meio da verificação dos livros de registros do setor e dos prontuários. A identificação de asfixia perinatal foi feita com base na pontuação do Apgar, sendo considerado asfixia ao nascimento escores ≤6 no quinto minuto de vida. Resultados: No período do estudo, 15,15% dos neonatos admitidos na UTIN do HUOP apresentavam índice de Apgar ≤6 no quinto minuto de vida. Um acréscimo significativo no número de casos foi observado apenas no ano de 2019 comparado aos anos anteriores. Não houve diferenças ao longo dos cinco anos no número de óbitos. Conclusão: A prevalência de asfixia perinatal na UTIN do HUOP foi semelhante à de outros países. O aumento de neonatos asfixiados com diagnóstico associado de aspiração de líquido meconial e malformações congênitas em 2019 é uma das hipóteses para a ascensão no número de casos neste ano.

Background: The brachycephalic dog breeds have been increasing in Brazil, and these animals are predisposed to present the brachycephalic dog syndrome, consisting of anatomical defects that lead to physiological changes and clinical signs such as wheezing, dyspnea, and hypoxia. Electrocardiography (ECG) is a simple test that can detect disturbances in the electrical activity of the heart, including changes present in hypoxia. The brachycephalic dog syndrome can lead to pulmonary hypertension due to hypoxia. Based on this, the present work aimed to evaluate the ECG of brachycephalic dogs in search of significant changes in heart rhythm, ECG waves, and cardiac axis. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty-nine dogs were evaluated in this study, 19 brachycephalic and 10 mesaticephalic, after approval by an ethics committee the animals were selected. Electrocardiographic examinations were performed in 2 stages, at rest and immediately after a 3-min trot. The exam was performed with a computerized electrocardiograph, with a standard time of 5 min. The standard positioning for performing the examination was the right lateral decubitus position. To improve the electrical conductivity, 70% alcohol was used between the animal's skin and the electrodes. In statistical analysis, paired t test was performed for comparison of the same group before and after exercise and unpaired t test between groups at the same moments, considering P < 0.05 as significant. Nineteen brachycephalic animals were evaluated, 10 Pugs and 9 French Bulldogs, 9 males and 10 females. The mean age was 3.4 ± 1.8 years; and the mean weight was 12.5 kg ± 2.7 kg. In the control group, consisting of ten mesaticephalic animals, all were non-breed, three males and seven females; the mean age and weight in this group were 4.4 ± 1.5 years and 7.5 kg ± 0.5 kg, respectively. There was a significant increase in heart rate (bpm) after exercise in brachycephalic dogs (baseline: 119.3 ± 4.3; after exercise: 135.1 ± 4.9; P = 0.0005). The same occurred for P wave amplitude (mV) (baseline: 0.20 ± 0.01; after exercise: 0.22 ± 0.01; P = 0.0001). These differences were not found in the control group. There were no alterations in the duration of the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, and QT interval, and all were within normal values for the species in both groups. The R-wave amplitude remained unaltered and within normal values in both the control and brachycephalic groups. Discussion: The elevation in heart rate may be associated with the chemoreflex secondary to the increased demand for oxygenation during exercise and the hypoxia generated by it. The increase in P amplitude suggests right atrial overload. The P wave corresponds to the atrial depolarization and its amplitude corresponds to the electrical activity in the right atrium. Thus, it is possible to relate the increase in P amplitude and heart rate to the hypoxia caused by exercise in brachycephalic, since this hypoxia results in chemoreceptor activation that increases chronotropism and heart rate. Also, there may be increased pressure in the pulmonary trunk, this increased pressure occurs due to vasoconstriction generated as a reflex to hypoxia in the pulmonary alveoli, leading to a possible picture of acute pulmonary hypertension that, in a cascade effect, leads to hypertrophy and dilation of the right ventricle, increased strength of contractility and ejection affecting the tricuspid valve causing a reflux and consequent overload of the right atrium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The early postnatal period is characterized by rapid brain growth, possibly related to variations in tissue oxygen. This has motivated the study of protocols that supply different intermittent oxygen concentrations, to observe their morphological and cerebral effects. Fifty-two pups Sprague-Dawley rats were distributed in equal numbers into four experimental groups, Control (C, 21 %O2 ), Intermittent Hypoxia (HI, 11 %O2 ), Intermittent Hyperoxia (HOI, 30 %O2 ) and Intermittent Hypoxia Hyperoxia (HHI, 11 % - 30 %O2 ). The protocols considered 5 cycles of 5 min of dosing, for 50 min diary. It was performed in a semihermetic chamber between 5 to 11postnatal days. The evaluations of body growth and neuronal quantification were analyzed in male pups, on postnatal day 28. Body weight in the intermittent hypoxia group showed significant differences compared to the intermittent hyperoxia group (HI vs HOI, p<0.01) and the intermittent hypoxiahyperoxia group (HI vs HHI, p<0.001). Body size decreased in the Intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia group with significant differences compared to the control group (C vs HHI, p<0.05) and with respect to the intermittent hypoxia group (HHI vs HI, p<0.01). The neuronal count in the area CA1 of the hippocampus increased in the intermittent hypoxia group with significant differences compared to the control groups (C vs HI; p<0.05), to the intermittent hyperoxia group (HI vs HOI; p< 0.001) and the intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia group (HI vs HHI; p<0.001). Finally, the intermittent hypoxiahyperoxia group decreased significantly in the number of neurons compared with the intermittent hyperoxia group (HHI vs HOI; p<0.001). Intermittent hypoxia showed beneficial results in body growth and the number of neurons in the CA1 area of the hippocampus, in contrast, intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia experienced adverse results with a decrease in these variables, in the early postnatal period of the rat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Biologia Marina y Oceanografía (RBMO) is the property of Universidad de Valparaiso, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El propósito del artículo es revisar la patogenia y manejo de la hipertensión pulmonar de altura (HPA), que es una enfermedad producto de la exposición crónica a la altitud y, en la actualidad, no está definido si es problema de salud pública o una enfermedad rara. La prevalencia de la HPA es variable según la localización geográfica, ambiental y genética. La población que vive en altura está expuesta crónicamente a una hipoxia alveolar; este hecho ocasiona vasoconstricción y después una remodelación vascular pulmonar. La HPA generalmente es asintomática; recién en estadios avanzados produce sintomatología caracterizada por disnea de esfuerzo y fatiga. El diagnóstico preciso es cateterismo cardiaco derecho con valores de presión arterial media mayores a 30 mmHg o presión arterial pulmonar sistólica mayor a 50 mmHg. El tratamiento ideal es el descenso del poblador a lugares bajos. Su pronóstico es bueno en la mayoría de los casos.

Objective. To identify the clinical and epidemiological characteristics related to lethality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at the Simón Bolívar Hospital in Cajamarca, during June-August 2020. Materials and Methods. This was a retrospective cohort, that used information collected from clinical records and official epidemiological surveillance systems (NOTIWEB, SISCOVID and SINADEF), on hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. Information was collected on sociodemographic and clinical factors, considering discharge (death/survival) and days of hospitalization as outcomes. Results. The in-hospital fatality rate was 39.6%, and significant differences were found between hospitalization time and status at discharge in people over 60 years of age (p0.001). Age older than 60 years (HR: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.76-4.68),) unattended ICU bed request (HR: 3.49; 95% CI: 2.02-6.05), oxygen saturation less than 80% at admission (HR: 2.73; 95% CI: 1.35-5.53) and the use of ivermectin (HR: 1.68; 95%CI 1.06-2.68) were factors associated with lethality. The chosen ML model considered that the most important variables were oxygen saturation, age over 60 years, time of hospitalization and time of the onset of symptoms. Conclusion. The factors that could increase lethality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 were age, oxygen saturation less than 80%, use of ivermectin as part of hospital treatment and unattended request for ICU beds. Future studies with better representativeness could confirm these possible relationships at the regional or national level.

La hipoxia es un factor fundamental en el proceso de génesis tumoral, así como en patologías precursoras de cáncer, como es el Liquen Plano Oral (LPO). Objetivo: Determinar si es posible establecer una correlación entre las alteraciones que sufren queratinocitos normales en un microambiente hipóxico in vitro y alteraciones que aparecen en los queratinocitos en el epitelio de la mucosa oral en el contexto de la patología LPO. Métodos: Se estudiaron los cambios morfológicos mediante microscopía de contraste de fases, y la detección de marcadores asociados a hipoxia de queratinocitos humanos (HaCaT), como modelo celular oral, en un microambiente hipóxico generado por la variante del método “Hipoxia inducida por cubreobjetos”. Resultados: Mediante microscopía confocal se observó la presencia de los marcadores de hipoxia GLUT-1 y aductos de pimonidazol (Hipoxyprobe) en los cultivos celulares de HaCaT expuestos a un microambiente hipóxico. Además, se observó la presencia del marcador GLUT-1 mediante inmunohistoquímica en tejido epitelial humano derivado de biopsias de la patología LPO. Conclusiones: Se estableció una correlación entre las alteraciones detectadas en queratinocitos humanos inducidos a un microambiente hipóxico in vitro y las alteraciones detectadas in vivo en tejido epitelial de la mucosa oral.

Objetivos: Evaluar los cambios morfológicos, proteicos y metabólicos presentados en líneas de COCE sometida a dos modelos de hipoxia celular. Métodos: Utilizaremos el método de hipoxia química inducida por cloruro de cobalto (CoCl2) y el modelo variante de hipoxia por el cubreobjetos. líneas celulares (HACAT, Cal 27, SCC9 e SCC25). 3 grupos experimentales para cada línea celular. Grupo control (normoxia), Grupo CoCl2 y Grupo modelo variante por el cubreobjetos. Los análisis serán realizados después de 24h de hipoxia. Los cambios morfológicos serán evaluados por análisis microscópico, se evaluarán comportamientos dinámicos de extensión, retracción y protrusiones, ondulaciones de membrana, formación de lamelolipodios. Niveles de marcación de la proteína asociada a hipoxia (HIF-1α) por inmunocitoquimica, cambios metabólicos de las gotitas lipídicas por el marcador Nile red. stress oxidativo por ROS tracker. Resultados esperados: Ambos modelos inducirán profundos cambios en la fisiología celular en líneas celulares de carcinoma oral, y la caracterización de los cambios nos permitirá una mejor comprensión de cómo responden y se adaptan a la hipoxia las células de carcinoma oral. Determinaran un aumento del HIF-1α; de gotitas lipídicas; disminución del stress oxidativo; aumento del potencial mitocondrial, así como cambios morfológicos en células de COCE cultivadas.

Introducción: La Neumonía Adquirida en la Comunidad (NAC) es considerada un problema de salud pública, afecta especialmente a niños menores de 5 años. Los episodios que requieren hospitalización generan importantes gastos económicos institucionales. El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir los resultados clínicos y el costo directo del tratamiento de la NAC en dos hospitales de referencia de Quito-Ecuador. Métodos: El presente estudio transversal, se realizó en niños >28 días y < 5 años, hospitalizados en dos instituciones de salud pública en la ciudad de Quito, Ecuador, con NAC. Variables fueron: descripciones demográficas, resultado clínico, costo del tratamiento. Se presentan los datos con estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Se analizan 355 casos, 190 hombres (53.5%). Lactantes menores 95 casos (26.8%), lactantes mayores 130 casos (36.6%) y escolares 130 casos (36.6%). Los síntomas principales fueron la hipoxemia 353 casos (99.4%), taquipnea 239 casos (67.3%) y taquicardia 177 casos (49.9%). Con dificultas respiratoria leve 268 casos (75.5%). El tratamiento principalmente fue con analgésicos 345 casos (97.2%), antibióticos 335 casos (94.4%), nebulización con bronco dilatador 207 casos (58.3), líquidos parenterales 203 casos (57.2%) y oxígeno en 107 casos (30.1%). El costo promedio de la atención hospitalaria de una NAC fue de 736.18 ± 320.51 USD. No existió diferencia de costos entre instituciones (P >0.05). Conclusión: El costo sanitario de la atención médica en Ecuador es de aproximadamente 2 salarios mínimos vitales. Los tratamientos están ajustados a las guías de práctica médica vigentes.

Introducción: Hasta el 20% de pacientes que acuden a emergencias pediátricas presentan alza térmica, al cual tiene efectos fisiológicos sobre la frecuencia cardiaca, respiratoria y presión arterial. El objetivo del presente estudio fue medir la influencia de la temperatura sobre la saturación de oxígeno en niños con fiebre, que viven en Quito (2800 msnm), atendidos en un hospital de segundo nivel. Métodos: El presente estudio observacional-cruzado, se realizó en el Hospital Pablo Arturo Suárez, en el período Julio a diciembre del 2019. Con muestra no probabilística se incluyeron niños con fiebre y se registraron edad, temperatura, frecuencia cardíaca, frecuencia respiratoria, tensión arterial, saturación de oxígeno al ingreso y 1 hora luego del tratamiento antipirético. Se comparan promedios con T de student; la asociación se presenta con el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman (R) y Odds ratio. Resultados: Se incluyeron 196 pacientes. Hubo una disminución de la saturación ante el aumento de la temperatura en niños lactantes menores, lactantes mayores y pre-escolares. Este efecto no ocurre en niños escolares y tampoco en pre-adolescentes o ado-lescentes. El punto de corte a partir del cual ocurre este evento es 38.35°C con un OR de 3.33 y un OR de 22 cuando la hipertermia ocurre en etapa pre-escolar. El cambio de disminución -1.26±0.03°C, incrementa 1.28 ±0.98% la saturación de oxígeno. Conclusión: La temperatura >38.4°C disminuye la saturación de oxígeno en niños pre-escolares, lactantes menores y mayores.

Objective: To characterize the pressures, resistances, oxygenation, and decarboxylation efficacy of two oxygenators associated in series or in parallel during venous-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Methods: Using the results of a swine severe respiratory failure associated with multiple organ dysfunction venousvenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support model and mathematical modeling, we explored the effects on oxygenation, decarboxylation and circuit pressures of in-parallel and in-series associations of oxygenators. Results: Five animals with a median weight of 80kg were tested. Both configurations increased the oxygen partial pressure after the oxygenators. The return cannula oxygen content was also slightly higher, but the impact on systemic oxygenation was minimal using oxygenators with a high rated flow (~ 7L/minute). Both configurations significantly reduced the systemic carbon dioxide partial pressure. As the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation blood flow increased, the oxygenator resistance decreased initially with a further increase with higher blood flows but with a small clinical impact. Conclusion: Association of oxygenators in parallel or in series during venous-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support provides a modest increase in carbon dioxide partial pressure removal with a slight improvement in oxygenation. The effect of oxygenator associations on extracorporeal circuit pressures is minimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To describe the predictors of mortality in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to COVID-19 presenting with silent hypoxemia., Material and Methods: Retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients with SARS due to COVID-19 and silent hypoxemia at admission, in Brazil, from January to June 2021. The primary outcome of interest was in-hospital death. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed., Results: Of 46,102 patients, the mean age was 59 ± 16 years, and 41.6% were female. During hospitalization, 13,149 patients died. Compared to survivors, non-survivors were older (mean age, 66 vs. 56 years; P < 0.001), less frequently female (43.6% vs. 40.9%; P < 0.001), and more likely to have comorbidities (74.3% vs. 56.8%; P < 0.001). Non-survivors had higher needs for invasive mechanical ventilation (42.4% vs. 6.6%; P < 0.001) and intensive care unit admission (56.9% vs. 20%; P < 0.001) compared to survivors. In the multivariable regression analysis, advanced age (OR 1.04; 95%CI 1.037-1.04), presence of comorbidities (OR 1.54; 95%CI 1.47-1.62), cough (OR 0.74; 95%CI 0.71-0.79), respiratory distress (OR 1.32; 95%CI 1.26-1.38), and need for non-invasive respiratory support (OR 0.37; 95%CI 0.35-0.40) remained independently associated with death., Conclusions: Advanced age, presence of comorbidities, and respiratory distress were independent risk factors for mortality, while cough and requirement for non-invasive respiratory support were independent protective factors against mortality in hospitalized patients due to SARS due to COVID-19 with silent hypoxemia at presentation., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI). All rights reserved.)

Introducción: en la actualidad, los entrenadores buscan la manera de mejorar las capacidades físicas de los atletas mediante diferentes estrategias de entrenamiento, como la exposición constante o intermitente a la altitud y el entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad. Objetivo: Revisar la literatura actual y describir los efectos sobre el organismo del entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad en altitud simulada en sujetos sedentarios, físicamente activos y entrenados. Resultados: el número de artículos revisados evidencia que, en hipoxia simulada en cámara hipobárica o normobárica (n=13) o máscara de simulación de altitud (n=1), todos utilizaron intensidades altas (n=13) a submáximas (n=1). Los participantes de las investigaciones fueron mujeres con obesidad sedentarias (n=3), hombres y mujeres físicamente activos (n=9) y sujetos entrenados (n=3). El tiempo de intervención de los estudios fue de 3 a 12 semanas, con una altitud simulada de 1824 a 4500 m.s.n.m. Se observaron efectos beneficiosos sobre la composición corporal, aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, aumentos en hemoglobina, eritropoyetina, consumo energético, fuerza máxima concéntrica e isométrica, fuerza absoluta y mejor tolerancia al ejercicio (percepción del esfuerzo). Conclusiones: La combinación de entrenamientos de intervalos de alta intensidad, combinado con una exposición en altitud simulada, puede evidenciar mejoras significativas en el rendimiento cardiorrespiratorio, así como en aspectos de composición corporal, lo que permitiría una mejor predisposición a intensidades más elevadas de actividad y ejercicio físico.

Introducción: La hipoxia es una condición de deficiencia de oxígeno en las células de los tejidos que puede ocurrir en situaciones fisiopatológicas, como el cáncer (1,2). Por otro lado, el estrés oxidativo también es una característica frecuente del microambiente tisular, y juega un papel clave en la fisiología de las células tumorales a medida que crecen y avanzan hacia el estroma (3). Ambos procesos están íntimamente relacionados, por lo tanto, ensayos que permitan visualizar simultáneamente el estado hipóxico y oxidativo de las células en condiciones de bajo nivel de oxígeno, podrían contribuir a modelar la interacción entre la hipoxia y el estrés oxidativo in vitro. Objetivos: Estudiar los niveles de hipoxia y estrés oxidativo simultáneamente en células HaCaT transducidas con los oncogenes del VPH-18 (HaCaT E5/E6/E7-18) (4) mediante la variante del método de hipoxia inducida por cubreobjetos (5). Evaluar el metabolismo de dichas células en condiciones de normoxia e hipoxia. Métodos: Se utiliza la variante del método de hipoxia inducida por cubreobjetos para generar gradientes de hipoxia intracelular en HaCaT E5/E6/E7-18. Para visualizar este gradiente se utiliza una sonda que detecta la hipoxia en células vivas. A su vez, es posible detectar en simultáneo niveles de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) mediante el empleo de una sonda específica. Con el fin de medir la respiración y la acidificación en las células HaCaT E5/E6/E7-18 en relación a las células control, se utiliza el equipo “Seahorse XF24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer” de la Facultad de Medicina. Además, para estudiar los cambios metabólicos en condiciones de hipoxia en relación a normoxia, se miden cambios de pH y producción de CO2 mediante el Radiómetro ABL800 Flex del Hospital de Clínicas. Resultados y Discusión: Observamos niveles más altos de hipoxia en células alejadas de una fuente de oxígeno y un descenso en los niveles de estrés oxidativo. Además, observamos que las células HaCaT E5/E6/E7-18 presentan una mayor tasa de acidificación extracelular, y un mayor consumo de oxigeno en relación a las células control. Además, observamos que HaCaT E5/E6/ E7-18 en condiciones de hipoxia presentan una disminución de pH y un aumento en la presión de CO2 en relación a normoxia.

La retinopatía del prematuro (RDP) es la causa principal de ceguera en pacientes pediátricos. Se trata de una patología multifactorial del desarrollo de los vasos sanguíneos retinales en niños prematuros. Los factores de riesgo pueden clasificar en 3 grupos: factores maternos, factores infantiles y factores peri y prenatales. De los neonatos nacidos con bajo peso o muy bajo peso, hasta un 60% desarrollarán algún grado de retinopatía del prematuro, de los cuales hasta un 8% será severa y hasta un 6% requerirá tratamiento. Su diagnóstico se basa en el tamizaje a la hora del nacimiento. Actualmente se recomienda un tamizaje no solo de RDP, sino también de sus factores de riesgo. La RDP debería tener un seguimiento multidisciplinario que incluya un tamizaje sistemático, tratamiento individualizado y un seguimiento a largo plazo. Su fisiopatología ocurre en dos etapas. La primera, la fase isquémica, se caracteriza por la interrupción de la progresión del lecho capilar. La segunda fase, llamada fase proliferativa, se secretan factores vasculogénicos en respuesta a la hipoxia neuronal. Pueden ocurrir complicaciones que comprometen el pronóstico visual del paciente, como desprendimiento de retina y hemorragias retinianas. Su presentación clínica comprende 5 estadios, desde la regresión espontánea de las alteraciones encontradas a nivel retiniano hasta el desprendimiento completo que se muestra clínicamente como ceguera. Pueden ocurrir complicaciones que comprometen el pronóstico visual del paciente, como desprendimiento de retina y hemorragias retinianas.

A concentração de lactato sanguíneo é utilizada frequentemente em pacientes críticos para identificar hipóxia tecidual, e seus valores têm sido referenciados como marcadores prognósticos em diversos cenários, sendo que o lactato sanguíneo em Tucanos Toco nunca foi descrito anteriormente. A hiperlactatemia é relacionada como sinal de hipoperfusão sistêmica e local e como indicador prognostico, sendo associada com a morte de pacientes enfermos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os níveis de lactato sérico em tucanos toco (Ramphastos toco) visando iniciar uma linha de pesquisa utilizando esta análise como marcador biológico prognóstico nesta espécie. Utilizou-se 17 tucanos toco (Ramphastos toco) de vida livre, mantidos temporariamente em cativeiro no Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa de Animais Selvagens (LAPAS) da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Todos foram capturados pela Polícia Ambiental ou IBAMA e encaminhados ao LAPAS para tratamento, reabilitação e posterior soltura. A coleta foi realizada para acompanhamento clínico dos animais e, no caso do lactato, autorizada pelo Parecer no 365-2016 da Comissão de Ética, Bioética e Bem-Estar Animal da Universidade de Vila Velha. Em Tucanos Toco (Ramphastos toco), os valores do lactato sanguíneo está entre 4,2 e 6,7 mMol/L, porém, sendo ainda necessários mais estudos comparando estes resultados com outros obtidos em animais portadores de patologias específicas, para caracterizar sua utilização como indicador prognóstico e também de momento de soltura.

El cáncer gástrico (CG) continúa siendo un grave problema oncológico, ocupando el tercer lugar en la estructura de mortalidad por neoplasias malignas. Mejorar los resultados del tratamiento para esta patología, depende en gran medida, de la comprensión de la patogenia y de las características biológicas del CG; incluida la identificación y caracterización de los biomarcadores de diagnóstico, pronóstico, predicción y biomarcadores terapéuticos. Se conoce que la principal causa de muerte por neoplasias malignas y CG, en particular, es la metástasis tumoral. Dado que la angiogénesis es un proceso crítico para el crecimiento tumoral y la metástasis, ahora se considera un marcador importante del pronóstico de la enfermedad y la sensibilidad a la terapia contra el cáncer. En la revisión presentada, se consideran los conceptos modernos de los mecanismos de formación de vasos tumorales y las peculiaridades de su morfología; se resumen datos sobre numerosos factores que influyen en la formación de microvasos tumorales y su papel en la progresión de GC; y se destacan varios enfoques para la clasificación de los vasos tumorales, así como los métodos para evaluar la actividad de la angiogénesis en un tumor. Aquí, también se discuten los resultados de los estudios sobre el significado pronóstico y predictivo de los microvasos tumorales en GC, y se propone para su consideración, una nueva clasificación de microvasos tumorales en GC, basada en su morfología y significado clínico.

The study of oxygen consumption rate under" in vivo" human cornea during contact lens wear has been technically a challenge and several attempts have been made in the last 20 years to model the physiology of the human cornea during contact lens wear. Unfortunately, some of these models, based on a constant corneal oxygen consumption rate, produce areas on the cornea where the oxygen tension is negative, which has no physical sense. In order to avoid such inconsistency, different researchers have developed alternative models of oxygen consumption, which predict the likely oxygen metrics available at the interface cornea/post lens tear film by determination of oxygen flux, oxygen consumption, and oxygen tension through the different layers (endothelium, stroma, and epithelium). Although oxygen deficiency produces corneal edema, corneal swelling, hypoxia, acidosis, and other abnormalities, the estimation of the oxygen distribution below the impact of a contact lens wear is interesting to know which lens transmissibility was adequate to maintain the cornea and avoid epithelial and stromal anoxia. The estimation of minimum transmissibility for a lens for extended wear applications will be very useful for both clinicians and manufacturers. The aim of this work is to present a complete discussion based on Monod kinetics model that permits give an estimation of oxygen partial pressure distribution, the profile distribution of corneal flux and oxygen consumption rate, and finally the estimation of the relaxation mechanism of the cornea depending on the oxygen tension at the interface cornea/post lens tear film. Relaxation time in this context can quantify the capability of the corneal tissue to adapt to increasing concentrations of oxygen. It is proposed this parameter as a biological meaningful indicator of the interaction between contact lens polymers and living tissues such as the corneal cellular layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Hypoxia-induced factor 1 (HIF-1) plays a fundamental role in the response to low oxygen tension, since it regulates the expression of a wide variety of genes, whose products participate in processes such as angiogenesis, energy metabolism, erythropoiesis, and cell proliferation as well as in the process of neurogenesis, which involves various stages, such as proliferation of neuronal stem cells, migration, differentiation, survival of new neurons, and integration of the same. Among the many intrinsic and extrinsic molecular signals that regulate the production of new neurons from progenitor cells in the adult in the central nervous system (CNS), hypoxic damage plays an important role in the maintenance and function of stem cells in development and disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Propósito: El propósito del artículo es determinar la efectividad del uso de vehículos de gas perfluorocarbonado en la anemia aguda y severa en animales causada por pérdida de sangre externa y hemólisis intravascular autoinmune. Metodología: La efectividad del uso de agentes transportadores de gas perfluorocarbonado en la anemia aguda severa en animales causada por hemorragia externa y hemólisis intravascular autoinmune, se llevó a cabo en base a la evaluación de la letalidad en grupos, criterios bioquímicos que se determinaron utilizando una sangre bioquímica automática, y una evaluación del hematocrito, que se determinó utilizando un analizador automático de análisis clínico general de sangre con un sistema de recuento de impedancia. Resultados: La alta eficiencia del uso del fármaco de transporte de gas perfluorocarbonado - Perftoran en la anemia aguda y grave causada por la pérdida de sangre externa y la hemólisis intravascular autoinmune se reveló sobre la base de una evaluación de la letalidad de los animales en grupos, en comparación con una preparación de sangre - masa de eritrocitos del donante. La letalidad en los grupos de animales que usaron el agente de transporte de gas perfluorocarbonado fue significativamente menor que en los animales que usaron la masa de eritrocitos, especialmente en la anemia aguda y severa causada por hemólisis intravascular autoinmune.

INTRODUCCIÓN: COVID-19 es la enfermedad causada por un nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Las complicaciones que conducen a la muerte incluyen síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda e insuficiencia respiratoria con hipoxemia refractaria. La cánula nasal de alto flujo (CNAF) se convirtió en un sistema de soporte respiratorio destacado en el tratamiento de esta enfermedad. OBJETIVO: describir nuestra experiencia con CNAF en la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda hipoxémica COVID-19. MATERIALYMÉTODO: Se realizó estudio analítico retrospectivo desde marzo del 2020 abril del 2021. Se incluyeron adultos con insuficiencia respiratoria COVID-19 tratados con CNAF. Se midió el índice ROX (iROX) al inicio, a las 4-6, 12 y 24 horas del inicio de CNAF. Se evaluó la gravedad mediante la escala 4C y CURB-65. El fracaso se definió como necesidad de Ventilación Mecánica. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron datos de 99 pacientes que requirieron CNAF. 67,3% (IC95% 34.6-102.8) respondieron al tratamiento. Estos tuvieron mejor condición clínica: menor 4C, CURB-65 y estada [ 7(IC95%6-8) vs 23 (IC95%18-28) días, p