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Vint proteins have been identified in unicellular metazoans as a novel hedgehog‐related gene family, merging the von Willebrand factor type A domain and the Hedgehog/INTein (HINT) domains. We present the first three‐dimensional structure of the Vint domain from Tetrahymena thermophila corresponding to the auto‐processing domain of hedgehog proteins, shedding light on the unique features, including an adduct recognition region (ARR). Our results suggest a potential binding between the ARR and sulfated glycosaminoglycans like heparin sulfate. Moreover, we uncover a possible regulatory role of the ARR in the auto‐processing by Vint domains, expanding our understanding of the HINT domain evolution and their use in biotechnological applications. Vint domains might have played a crucial role in the transition from unicellular to multicellular organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curiosity—intrinsic motivation to understand—is an integral part of learning. However, empirical evidence on how and when students' curiosity is piqued is noticeably lacking, especially for boring learning materials. Grounded on the information gap theory, this study examined whether sequentially providing hints on the answer increased students' curiosity for interesting and boring trivia questions. Two experimental studies were conducted with 212 undergraduates. The number of hints was manipulated in the between- (Study 1; hint vs. no-hint) and within-individual (Study 2; 0 ~ 4 hints per question) levels. The results of both experiments showed that hints only incited curiosity when the content was boring. Providing hints also improved students' feeling-of-knowing the answer, performance (accuracy of guess), post-task interest, and willingness to reengage in the task. Encountering prediction errors (i.e., low-confidence correct guess or high-confidence error) triggered students' curiosity about the explanation. These findings contribute to the growing body of curiosity literature and help educators make mundane learning content curious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: For successful hearing aid (HA) use during daily life, an objective parameter reflecting the subjective satisfaction is required. We explored the aided hearing status, hearing in noise test (HINT) scores, and subjective outcomes to predict performance improvements in everyday living. (2) Methods: A total of 406 patients with hearing loss (HL) who were prescribed HAs were included and were divided into two groups according to the symmetricity of HL. The relationship between audiometric data and subjective questionnaires under unaided and aided (3 months) conditions were investigated. (3) Results: Patients with symmetric HL showed a significant HINT signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) change and significant increase in their subjective satisfaction questionnaire score under the bilateral HA condition. On the other hand, the HINT SNR change and subjective questionnaire score showed various significances according to the side of HA (better or worse hearing) in asymmetric HL HINT SNR and was significantly correlated with the subjective questionnaire score in symmetric HL patients and AHL patients with unilateral HA in their better ear. (4) Conclusions: The HINT SNR improvement after long-term HA use could be an effective tool for predicting the subjective satisfaction of HA use and HA validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biological target identification process, a pivotal phase in the drug discovery workflow, becomes particularly challenging when mutations affect proteins' mechanisms of action. COVID-19 Spike glycoprotein mutations are known to modify the affinity toward the human angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE2 and several antibodies, compromising their neutralizing effect. Predicting new possible mutations would be an efficient way to develop specific and efficacious drugs, vaccines, and antibodies. In this work, we developed and applied a computational procedure, combining constrained logic programming and careful structural analysis based on the Structural Activity Relationship (SAR) approach, to predict and determine the structure and behavior of new future mutants. "Mutations rules" that would track statistical and functional types of substitutions for each residue or combination of residues were extracted from the GISAID database and used to define constraints for our software, having control of the process step by step. A careful molecular dynamics analysis of the predicted mutated structures was carried out after an energy evaluation of the intermolecular and intramolecular interactions using the HINT (Hydrophatic INTeraction) force field. Our approach successfully predicted, among others, known Spike mutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1) is the oldest and most widely distributed branch of the histidine triad superfamily of proteins. The HINT1 protein plays an important role in various biological processes and has been found in many species. Here we report the first nearly complete structure of the human HINT1 protein at 1.43 Å resolution obtained from a crystal of the P212121 orthorhombic space group. The final structure has an Rcryst = 22.4% (Rfree = 27.7%) and contains a fragment of the N-terminal part that was not determined in the previously deposited structures. In addition, selective binding of the L-malate ion was detected, which had not been observed previously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of the study was to develop the German Hearing in Noise Test (HINT) with female speaker by fulfilling the recommendations by International Collegium of Rehabilitative Audiology (ICRA) for using a female speaker to create new multilingual speech tests and to determine norms and to compare these norms with German male speech tests—the male speakers HINT and the Oldenburg Sentence Test (OLSA). Methods: The HINT with a female speaker consists of the same speech material as the male speaking HINT. After recording the speech material, 10 normal hearing subjects were included to determine the performance–intensity function (PI function). 24 subjects were part of the measurements to determine the norms and compare them with the norms of male HINT and OLSA. Comparably, adaptive, open-set methods under headphones (HINT) and sound field (OLSA) were used. Results: Acoustic phonetic analysis demonstrated significant difference in mean fundamental frequency, its range and mean speaking rate between both HINT speakers. The calculated norms by three of the tested four conditions of the HINT with a female speaker are not significantly different from the norms with a male speaker. No significant effect of the speaker's gender of the first HINT measurement and no significant correlation between the threshold results of the HINT and the OLSA were determined. Conclusions: The Norms for German HINT with a female speaker are comparable to the norms of the HINT with a male speaker. The speech intelligibility score of the HINT does not depend on the speakers' gender despite significant difference of acoustic–phonetic parameters between the female and male HINT speaker's voice. Instead, the speech intelligibility rating must be seen as a function of the used speech material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ISTEM is the property of ISTEM and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A long-lasting goal of computational biochemists, medicinal chemists, and structural biologists has been the development of tools capable of deciphering the molecule–molecule interaction code that produces a rich variety of complex biomolecular assemblies comprised of the many different simple and biological molecules of life: water, small metabolites, cofactors, substrates, proteins, DNAs, and RNAs. Software applications that can mimic the interactions amongst all of these species, taking account of the laws of thermodynamics, would help gain information for understanding qualitatively and quantitatively key determinants contributing to the energetics of the bimolecular recognition process. This, in turn, would allow the design of novel compounds that might bind at the intermolecular interface by either preventing or reinforcing the recognition. HINT, hydropathic interaction, was a model and software code developed from a deceptively simple idea of Donald Abraham with the close collaboration with Glen Kellogg at Virginia Commonwealth University. HINT is based on a function that scores atom–atom interaction using LogP, the partition coefficient of any molecule between two phases; here, the solvents are water that mimics the cytoplasm milieu and octanol that mimics the protein internal hydropathic environment. This review summarizes the results of the extensive and successful collaboration between Abraham and Kellogg at VCU and the group at the University of Parma for testing HINT in a variety of different biomolecular interactions, from proteins with ligands to proteins with DNA.

The biological target identification process, a pivotal phase in the drug discovery workflow, becomes particularly challenging when mutations affect proteins’ mechanisms of action. COVID-19 Spike glycoprotein mutations are known to modify the affinity toward the human angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE2 and several antibodies, compromising their neutralizing effect. Predicting new possible mutations would be an efficient way to develop specific and efficacious drugs, vaccines, and antibodies. In this work, we developed and applied a computational procedure, combining constrained logic programming and careful structural analysis based on the Structural Activity Relationship (SAR) approach, to predict and determine the structure and behavior of new future mutants. “Mutations rules” that would track statistical and functional types of substitutions for each residue or combination of residues were extracted from the GISAID database and used to define constraints for our software, having control of the process step by step. A careful molecular dynamics analysis of the predicted mutated structures was carried out after an energy evaluation of the intermolecular and intramolecular interactions using the HINT (Hydrophatic INTeraction) force field. Our approach successfully predicted, among others, known Spike mutants.

Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1) is the oldest and most widely distributed branch of the histidine triad superfamily of proteins. The HINT1 protein plays an important role in various biological processes and has been found in many species. Here we report the first nearly complete structure of the human HINT1 protein at 1.43 Å resolution obtained from a crystal of the P212121 orthorhombic space group. The final structure has an Rcryst = 22.4% (Rfree = 27.7%) and contains a fragment of the N-terminal part that was not determined in the previously deposited structures. In addition, selective binding of the L-malate ion was detected, which had not been observed previously.

İslâm dini, barış, adalet ve sevgiyi tevhid temelinde yükselterek insanlar arasında yerleştirmek üzere gönderilen bir dindir. İslâm, tüm insanlığa hitap eder ve ırk, asalet ve cinsiyete bağlı bir üstünlük ve ayrıcalığa yer vermez. Dolayısıyla kadın ve erkek de insanlık düzleminde denktirler. İslâm’dan önceki toplumlarda ise durum bu şekilde değildir, kadının konumu çoğu zaman erkekten aşağıdadır. Kadına hak ettiği yeri İslâm, yeniden kazandırmıştır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle İslâm’ın kadına bakışı söz konusu edilecek, ardından Eski Yunan, Roma, Yahudilik, Hıristiyanlık ve Hint kültürlerinde kadının konumuna değinilecek ve sonrasında İslâm’ın kadına bakışı daha detaylı ele alınarak kadının İslâm’daki ve mezkûr din ve kültürlerdeki konumu kıyaslanacaktır.

Der Beitrag widmet sich den E-Implikaturen in Sprechakten der Andeutung, die verbale Tabus auffangen, sowie ihren Triggern. Diese E-Implikatur stellt die emotionale Bewertung des referentiellen Sachverhaltes als eines tabuisierten dar und wird durch primäre Emotionen wie Ekel/Abscheu und Angst/Furcht in all ihren feinsten Ausprägungen oder Scham als ihre tertiäre Dyade evoziert. Den Prozess der Sinner-schließung erleichtern sowohl verbale (Euphemismen und Aposiopesen) als auch non-verbale Trigger (prosodische, kinetische oder proxemische).// This paper deals with linguistic coping with verbal taboos through hints and focuses on e-implicatures and their triggers. These e-implicatures are based on emotional knowledge and give an affective judgement about the tabooed state-of-affairs. Emotions which evoke e-implicatures include disgust and fear and their tertiary dyad shame. Both verbal (euphemisms and aposiopesis) and non-verbal triggers (prosodic, kinetic and proxemics) ensure felicity of implying.

The aims of this study were to develop a German Hearing In Noise Test (HINT) using the same methodology as with previous HINT tests; to develop sentence lists for measuring speech reception thresholds (SRTs); and to determine test–retest reliability and norms for measures obtained under headphones. The following steps were followed: develop and record sentences, synthesise masking noise, determine the performance-intensity (PI) function, equalise sentence difficulty in the masking noise. Form sentence lists of equal difficulty. Measure SRTs for normal hearing individuals to determine practice/learning effects, test–retest reliability, and norms. Three groups of adults (median age = 25 years) with average better ear pure-tone averages (PTAs) ≤ 5 dB HL participated. The 12 20-sentence lists were well-matched phonemically and did not differ significantly in difficulty. Test–retest reliability 95% confidence intervals ranged from 1.3 to 2.5 dB. Norms in quiet and in noise exhibited the same pattern as those for other HINT languages. German norms were approximately 2 dB lower than other languages in the noise conditions. The German HINT materials are comparable to those for other languages and are partially consistent with recommendations for construction of multilingual speech tests. They can be used for comparing and pooling research results from the international research community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Noisy environments are a part of the daily life of children, just like adults. Children with hearing loss who wear hearing aids are more susceptible to the negative effects of noise than their normalhearing peers. This study aims to evaluate the speech recognition in noise performance of hearing aid users and compare them with their normal-hearing peers. Material and Method: Five children aged 6-12 years with bilateral moderate to severe symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss and using bilateral behind-the-ear hearing aids were included in the study. 4 different conditions of the Turkish HINT-C were applied, and a speech recognition threshold (SRT) is determined for each condition. Results: Regardless of their age, the SRT needed by children with hearing aids to achieve equal performance with their normal-hearing peers was found to be higher for all test conditions. As seen in children with normal hearing in general, the mean noise front score of the children with hearing loss was higher than the mean noise right and noise left scores. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that children with bilaterally symmetrical moderate to severe hearing loss achieved poor speech recognition scores in environments similar to the classroom environment, compared to their normal-hearing peers. Our results guided appropriate rehabilitation and follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CBCT) can cause high-frequency hearing loss, but little is known about the development and clinical relevance of this hearing loss in survivors of adult-onset cancer with very long-term follow-up. This case-control study investigates hearing and speech perception both in quiet and with background noise 30-years after CBCT. One-hundred-and-one patients (Cases) who received CBCT for testicular cancer between 1980 and 1994 were assessed with pure-tone audiometry (.125 − 8 kHz) and speech perception tests including hearing in noise test (HINT). Self-reported hearing and tinnitus was scored by participants. Results were compared with 30 age-matched controls. The median age of Cases and Controls was 60 (46 − 83) and 61 years (51 − 74), respectively. The median observation time for Cases was 30 years (22 − 37). Compared with Controls, Cases had 8 and 19 dB worse age-adjusted high-frequency hearing at 6 and 8 kHz, respectively (p <.05), while thresholds at lower frequencies did not differ. All but four Cases reached 100% speech perception with basic speech audiometry. There was no difference between Cases and Controls in speech perception neither in quiet nor with both speech and background noise from the front, although the within-group variance was greater among Cases. Cases scored slightly worse with speech from front and noise from either side. Self-reported hearing loss (both hearing loss in general and specifically with background noise), and tinnitus were about three times more common among Cases compared with Controls. Cisplatin causes high-frequency hearing loss, but speech perception tests performed both in quiet and in background noise 30 years post-treatment indicate that the clinical relevance is limited for most patients. Few patients develop severe hearing loss that requires rehabilitation but it is important to identify these patients. Self-reported hearing loss and tinnitus were more common among Cases compared with Controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis. Germanica Wratislaviensia is the property of Wroclaw University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT The Escherichia coli microcin C (McC) and related compounds are potent Trojan horse peptide-nucleotide antibiotics. The peptide part facilitates transport into sensitive cells. Inside the cell, the peptide part is degraded by nonspecific peptidases releasing an aspartamide-adenylate containing a phosphoramide bond. This nonhydrolyzable compound inhibits aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. In addition to the efficient export of McC outside the producing cells, special mechanisms have evolved to avoid self-toxicity caused by the degradation of the peptide part inside the producers. Here, we report that histidine-triad (HIT) hydrolases encoded in biosynthetic clusters of some McC homologs or by standalone genes confer resistance to McC-like compounds by hydrolyzing the phosphoramide bond in toxic aspartamide-adenosine, rendering them inactive. IMPORTANCE Uncovering the mechanisms of resistance is a required step for countering the looming antibiotic resistance crisis. In this communication, we show how universally conserved histidine-triad hydrolases provide resistance to microcin C, a potent inhibitor of bacterial protein synthesis.

A mobile agent equipped with a compass and a measure of length has to find an inert treasure in the Euclidean plane. Both the agent and the treasure are modeled as points. In the beginning, the agent is at a distance at most D > 0 from the treasure, but knows neither the distance nor any bound on it. Finding the treasure means getting at distance at most 1 from it. The agent makes a series of moves. Each of them consists in moving straight in a chosen direction at a chosen distance. In the beginning and after each move the agent gets a hint consisting of a positive angle smaller than 2 π whose vertex is at the current position of the agent and within which the treasure is contained. We investigate the problem of how these hints permit the agent to lower the cost of finding the treasure, using a deterministic algorithm, where the cost is the worst-case total length of the agent's trajectory. It is well known that without any hint the optimal (worst case) cost is Θ (D 2) . We show that if all angles given as hints are at most π , then the cost can be lowered to O(D), which is the optimal complexity. If all angles are at most β , where β < 2 π is a constant unknown to the agent, then the cost is at most O (D 2 - ϵ) , for some ϵ > 0 . For both these positive results we present deterministic algorithms achieving the above costs. Finally, if angles given as hints can be arbitrary, smaller than 2 π , then we show that cost complexity Θ (D 2) cannot be beaten. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Develop sentences in Farsi for use in the Hearing In Noise Test (HINT); equalise the difficulty of the sentences; form twelve 20-sentence lists; and determine the reliability and norms for these materials. Design: The same study design as used in the development of HINT in other languages was followed. Sentences were sampled from elementary school reading materials. Sentence difficulty was matched by scaling sentence levels. Equivalent sentence lists were formed. Speech reception thresholds were measured under headphones in quiet and in three noise conditions that differed in the spatial locations of the speech and noise sources. Spatial locations were simulated using head-related transfer functions. Study sample: Subjects were 24 adult native speakers of Farsi with pure-tone thresholds ≤25 dB HL at audiometric frequencies from 0.25 to 8.00 kHz. Results: Reliability, the variability of test-retest score differences, was 1.28 dB in quiet and 1.08 dB in noise. Average speech reception thresholds in Quiet = 19.4 dB(A). Average signal/noise ratios at threshold were Noise Front =-5.4 dB, Noise Right = -13.7 dB, and Noise Left = -13.7. Conclusions: The reliability and norms for the Farsi HINT are comparable to those for other languages, enabling comparison of test results across languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on India in Turkey began with the establishment of the Chair of Indology in 1936 within the structure of the Faculty of Language, History and Geography at Ankara University (DTCF) under the guidance of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. Walter Ruben (1899-1982), the founder of this chair, carried out several studies in the field of Indian literature and history by making great contributions to developing Indology in our country, with the identification and evaluation of sections about Turks in Indian sources. Built on a strong foundation, this field of science provided that a great deal of scientific treatises were presented in the light of Indian sources at great effort by Indologists and historians such as Abidin İtil and Kemal Çağdaş, who had raised been following Ruben. In this regard, studies that are carried out in Turkey on the Turkish period which has left its mark on India are continuing in the context of Indian studies. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate general studies particularly carried out in the area of the History of Turks in India in Turkey and also to present the translated works made in this area, Turkish studies, dissertations for Higher Education and the relevant articles. In the study, we made some determinations and suggestions for the relevant area and we used explanations, comparisons and sampling methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy consumption is one of the most significant aspects of large-scale storage systems where multilevel caches are widely used. In a typical hierarchical storage structure, upper-level storage serves as a cache for the lower level, forming a distributed multilevel cache system. In the past two decades, several classic LRU-based multilevel cache policies have been proposed to improve the overall I/O performance of storage systems. However, few power-aware multilevel cache policies focus on the storage devices in the bottom level, which consume more than 27% of the energy of the whole system [1]. To address this problem, we propose a novel power-aware multilevel cache (PAM) policy that can reduce the energy consumption of high-performance and I/O bandwidth storage devices. In our PAM policy, an appropriate number of cold dirty blocks in the upper level cache are identified and selected to flush directly to the storage devices, providing high probability extension of the lifetime of disks in standby mode. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed policy, we conduct several simulations with real-world traces. Compared to existing popular cache schemes such as PA-LRU, PB-LRU, and Demote, PAM reduces power consumption by up to 15% under different I/O workloads, and improves energy efficiency by up to 50.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Religious Studies / Dini Araştırmalar is the property of Diyanet Isleri Baskanligi Yayinlari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The hearing in noise test (HINT) is the most popular adaptive test used to evaluate speech in noise performance, especially in context of hearing aid features. However, the number of conditions that can be tested on the HINT is limited by a small speech corpus. The American English Matrix test (AEMT) is a new alternative adaptive speech in noise test with a larger speech corpus. The study examined the relationships between the performance of hearing aid wearers on the HINT and the AEMT. Purpose: To examine whether there was a difference in performance of hearing aid wearers on the HINT and the AEMT. A secondary purpose, given the AEMT's steep performance-intensity function, was to determine whether the AEMT is more sensitive to changes in speech recognition resulting from directional (DIR) microphone processing in hearing aids. Research Design: A repeated measures design was used in this study. Multiple measurements were made on each subject. Each measurement involved a different experimental condition. Study Sample: Ten adults with hearing loss participated in this study. Data Collection and Analysis: All participants completed the AEMT and HINT, using adaptive and fixed test formats while wearing hearing aids. Speech recognition was assessed in two hearing aid microphone settings--omnidirectional and fixed DIR. All testing was conducted via sound field presentation. Performance on HINT and AEMT were systematically compared across all test conditions using a linear model with repeated measures. Results: The results of this study revealed that adult hearing aid users perform differently on the HINT and AEMT, with adaptive AEMT testing yielding significantly better (more negative) thresholds than the HINT. Slopes of performance intensity functions obtained by testing at multiple fixed signal-to-noise ratios, revealed a somewhat steeper slope for the HINT compared with the AEMT. Despite this steeper slope, the benefit provided by DIR microphones was not significantly different between the two speech tests. Conclusions: The observation of similar DIR benefits of the HINT and AEMT suggests that the HINT and AEMT are equally sensitive to changes in speech recognition thresholds following intervention. Therefore, the decision to use the AEMT or the HINT will depend on the purpose of the study and/or the technology being investigated. Other test related factors such as available sentence corpus, learning effects and test time will also influence test selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein (HINT) is a member of the histidine triad (HIT) superfamily, which has hydrolase activity owing to a histidine triad motif. The HIT superfamily can be divided to five classes with functions in galactose metabolism, DNA repair, and tumor suppression. HINTs are highly conserved from archaea to humans and function as tumor suppressors, translation regulators, and neuropathy inhibitors. Although the structures of HINT proteins from various species have been reported, limited structural information is available for fungal species. Here, to elucidate the structural features and functional diversity of HINTs, we determined the crystal structure of HINT from the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans (CaHINT) in complex with zinc ions at a resolution of 2.5 Å. Based on structural comparisons, the monomer of CaHINT overlaid best with HINT protein from the protozoal species Leishmania major. Additionally, structural comparisons with human HINT revealed an additional helix at the C-terminus of CaHINT. Interestingly, the extended C-terminal helix interacted with the N-terminal loop (α1-β1) and with the α3 helix, which appeared to stabilize the dimerization of CaHINT. In the C-terminal region, structural and sequence comparisons showed strong relationships among 19 diverse species from archea to humans, suggesting early separation in the course of evolution. Further studies are required to address the functional significance of variations in the C-terminal region. This structural analysis of CaHINT provided important insights into the molecular aspects of evolution within the HIT superfamily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aslında eğlenceli ve gerçek dışı gibi görünseler de masallar, toplumun değer yargıları ile ilgili önemli mesajlar içerir. Kültür aktarımı yaparken, bir yandan da toplumun eğitilmesine katkı sağlar. Nelerin yanlış, nelerin doğru olduğunu öğretir. “Şukasaptati” Hint edebiyatında önemli bir yere sahiptir. “Papağanın Yetmiş Öyküsü” olarak da bilinen bu kitap içinde yetmiş öykü bulunmaktadır. Öykülerin ana temasını “kadın” oluşturmaktadır. Öykülerdeki kadınlar sadakatsiz, kurnaz ve hilebazdırlar. Erkekler kadınlar karşısında hep aciz kalırlar. Eserde, her ilginç, yetmiş tane öykü yer almaktadır. Şukasaptati, “Çerçeve Öykü” olarak adlandırılan bir giriş öyküsüyle başlamaktadır. Çerçeve öyküde, diğer öyküler için giriş teşkil eden genel bilgiler verilmekte, öykünün asıl kahramanı olan papağan ve Prabhavati’nin kim olduğu anlatılmaktadır. Kocasının çok seven Prabhavati, kocasının uzaklara gitmesinin fırsat bilerek sevgilisiyle buluşmak için gece sokağa çıkmak ister. Papağan da öyküler anlatarak onu oyalar ve evden çıkmasını engeller. Papağanın anlattığı öyküler hep kadınların sadakatsizliği ve kurnazlığı ile ilgilidir. Şukasaptati içinde kadınlara öğüt verilir gibi gözükse de gerçekte ders alması gereken erkektir. Bu masalın çıkış nedeni, temiz ve saf Ari erkeklerini kadınlara karşı uyarmaktır.

The article analyzes metaphorical constructions expressing the hint. The study is carried out on the basis of the political article headlines of contemporary prestigious French editions of "Monde diplomatique", "Le Figaro", "Télérama". The hint is regarded as an indirect speech act reflecting the meaning of information implicitly. The classification of article headlines is based on the metaphors types: "Anthropomorphic metaphor", "Metaphor of nature", "Social metaphor", "Artifact metaphor" and "Metaphor of irreality". Each type of metaphor is considered in connection with the conceptual spheres related to it. The study showed that in the language of modern French press there is a great number of headline structures containing: "Anthropomorphic metaphor" with such conceptual spheres as "Anatomy and physiology", "Disease", "Family"; "Metaphor of nature" with such concepts as "Animal world", "Plant world"; "Social metaphor", the sources of this metaphorical expansion are such conceptual spheres as "Crime", "War", "Theater", "Game and sport"; "Artifact metaphor" with the concepts "House" and "Mechanism". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As it is known, literary works called "pendnama" (book of ethics), "siyasatnama" (book of politics) and "ogutnama" (book of advice) has been created in the Eastern culture. These works which have had guided emperors have an important place in Eastern Literature. The Kutadgu Bilig written by the great Turkish scholar Yusuf Khass Hajib Balasaguni is the most important example known of "pendnama"s. Works created in pendnama style can also be found in Indian Literature. These works called "Niti-Shastra"s aim to teach the rules of governing and the moral principles an emperor has to follow to emperors and to those who are going to be emperors. These kind of works have been written as fairy tales and aphorisms to make them more memorable and easier to learn. Hitopadesha, which means "friendly advice" and "useful education", is a pendnama written in Sanskrit language belonging to the Niti-Shastra (political, moral principles) genre in Sanskrit Literature. Even though it is not clear when Hitopadesha, known to be authored by Narayana, was created; in some of copies of the text, the date 1373 has been read. Hitopadesha consists of four parts under the headings: Earning friendships, maintaining friendships, war, and peace. There are about forty tales and about seven hundred fifty aphorisms in Hitopadesha. In this study, we are going to investigate the aphorisms related to women, and discuss the woman motif in Hitopadesha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is not a precise date as to the emergence of the caste system in the Indian subcontinent, yet the system has made a deep impression on society in terms of social and religious aspects. This system is the backbone of Indian society. It is a pyramid that came into being as a result of racial and religious discrimination. The caste system, which is a typical example of closed stratication, reects different ways of life in society. Further, the status of caste members is stable. Mobility in the caste system is banned and so is the marriage between members of different social classes. Using the qualitative research method, this essay examines the ways in which the characteristics of different social ranks determined by the system in Rgveda, the oldest holy book of Hindus, and in dramatic works as well as epics had an impact on society.The work also explores how the religious beliefs of a society inuence the social order and whether this inuence is still ongoing. This essay argues that although the caste system has disintegrated in the course of history, it is believed that it still is an effective way of eliciting social stratication.

In the first part of this study we had a deep look at the morphology and structure of the phrases concerned. This showed a partial misbalance in the direct (or linguistic) meaning and literal translation/interpretation of makura-kotoba (MK) collocations. In an attempt to bridge their semantics and pragmatics, here I will refer to hermeneutics, as a psychological means of interpreting the literal meaning. The results are presented in the conclusions, offering a Western reader a direct and clear definition of makura-kotoba and its main special traces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of „paraliterature" often has a negative connotation, focusing, somehow, on marginal literary creations. It, also, conveys one basic meaning: that of an unconventional literary creation, without questioning its lack of value. The anecdote is a small species of the epic genre, sometimes preachy, sometimes including historical figures, evoking a funny episode. A thousand years old, anecdotes of this type and subsequent political jokes include, discover and embrace a richly colored world. The political joke of the communist era, for example, works by pulling the hypocritical mask of "a multilateral developed communist society", a recurrent formula during Ceausescu's times, representative for the stereotyped language. Surprisingly, the political anecdote sometimes succeeds in ciphering the message, ambiguity being revealed rather to the initiates. Anticommunist humor calls up for the collective mind: people vs. masks, lies vs. truth, reality vs. dreams. The universe of political jokes is funny and tragic, realistic and fabulous, predictable and unexpected, thus, connecting to the mechanism of literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the enormous and increasing user demand, I/O performance is one of the primary considerations to build a data center. Several new technologies in data centers, such as tiered storage, prompt the widespread usage of multilevel cache techniques. In these storage systems, the upper level storage typically serves as a cache for the lower level, which forms a distributed multilevel cache system. However, although many excellent multilevel cache algorithms have been proposed to improve the I/O performance, they still have potential to be enhanced by investigating the history information of hints. To address this challenge, in this paper, we propose a novel hint frequency based approach (HFA), to improve the overall multilevel cache performance of storage systems. The main idea of HFA is using hint frequencies (the total number of demotions/promotions by employing demote/promote hints) to efficiently explore the valuable history information of data blocks among multiple levels. HFA can be applied with several popular multilevel cache algorithms, such as Demote, Promote and Hint-K. Simulation results show that, compared with original multilevel cache algorithms such as Demote, Promote and Hint-K, HFA can improve the I/O performance by up to 20% under different I/O workloads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hacettepe University Journal of Education is the property of Hacettepe University Journal of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A long-lasting goal of computational biochemists, medicinal chemists, and structural biologists has been the development of tools capable of deciphering the molecule-molecule interaction code that produces a rich variety of complex biomolecular assemblies comprised of the many different simple and biological molecules of life: water, small metabolites, cofactors, substrates, proteins, DNAs, and RNAs. Software applications that can mimic the interactions amongst all of these species, taking account of the laws of thermodynamics, would help gain information for understanding qualitatively and quantitatively key determinants contributing to the energetics of the bimolecular recognition process. This, in turn, would allow the design of novel compounds that might bind at the intermolecular interface by either preventing or reinforcing the recognition. HINT, hydropathic interaction, was a model and software code developed from a deceptively simple idea of Donald Abraham with the close collaboration with Glen Kellogg at Virginia Commonwealth University. HINT is based on a function that scores atom-atom interaction using LogP, the partition coefficient of any molecule between two phases; here, the solvents are water that mimics the cytoplasm milieu and octanol that mimics the protein internal hydropathic environment. This review summarizes the results of the extensive and successful collaboration between Abraham and Kellogg at VCU and the group at the University of Parma for testing HINT in a variety of different biomolecular interactions, from proteins with ligands to proteins with DNA., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Kellogg, Marabotti, Spyrakis and Mozzarelli.)

Year-round virological characterization of circulating epidemic influenza viruses is conducted worldwide to detect the emergence of viruses that may escape pre-existing immunity or acquire resistance to antivirals. High throughput phenotypic assays are needed to complement the sequence-based analysis of circulating viruses and improve pandemic preparedness. The recent entry of a polymerase inhibitor, baloxavir, into the global market further highlighted this need. Here, we optimized a cell-based assay that considerably streamlines antiviral and antigenic testing by replacing lengthy immunostaining and imaging procedures used in current assay with measuring the enzymatic activity of nascent neuraminidase (NA) molecules expressed on the surface of virus-infected cells. For convenience, this new assay was named IRINA (I nfluenza R eplication I nhibition N euraminidase-based A ssay). IRINA was successfully validated to assess inhibitory activity of baloxavir on virus replication by testing a large set (>150) of influenza A and B viruses, including drug resistant strains and viruses collected during 2017–2022. To test its versatility, IRINA was utilized to evaluate neutralization activity of a broadly reactive human anti-HA monoclonal antibody, FI6, and post-infection ferret antisera, as well as the inhibition of NA enzyme activity by NA inhibitors. Performance of IRINA was tested in parallel using respective conventional assays. IRINA offers an attractive alternative to current phenotypic assays, while maintaining reproducibility and high throughput capacity. Additionally, the improved turnaround time may prove to be advantageous when conducting time sensitive studies, such as investigating a new virus outbreak. This assay can meet the needs of surveillance laboratories by providing a streamlined and cost-effective approach for virus characterization. • IRINA (Influenza Replication Inhibition Neuraminidase-based Assay) is a single-cycle infection cell-based assay • Readout of virus replication is based on measuring enzymatic activity of neuraminidase expressed on virus-infected cells • Normalization of virus inoculum is achieved using fluorescent signal produced by metabolite of NA substrate (i.e., 4-MU) • IRINA was successfully validated to assess susceptibility of influenza A and B viruses to polymerase inhibitor baloxavir • IRINA can be used to evaluate susceptibility to antivirals with different mechanisms of action (e.g., neutralization by mAb) • IRINA can be applied to conduct antigenic analysis of influenza A(H3N2) hemagglutinin [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents pinch analysis of some heat exchanger networks (HENs) problems using Hint integration (HINT) software. Three examples reported to have been solved using different approaches by various researchers to obtain the least possible total annual cost (TAC) were solved using the Hint software. In this work, the use of remaining problem analysis (RPA) contained in the heat integration software was used to carry out matching and the general optimization of the networks for minimum TAC for the three problems solved. The results obtained after solving the first problem using RPA based heat integration gave a minimum total annual cost (TAC) of $237, 510 /yr. which is the fourth when compared with the lowest solution that shows the minimum TAC of $235.400 /yr. in that example. However, the TAC obtained in solving problem 2 and 3 were $562, 333 /yr. and $2.881 M/yr. respectively and they are the least total annual cost obtained when compared with what have been obtained using mathematical programming and non-RPA based Hint software. The overall assessment of the various approaches used to solve these problems when compared with the results obtained in this study shows that HINT software is able to obtain TAC that are within the same range as those obtained using mathematically based technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal is the property of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to improve students' physics problem solving skills, the points which students have difficulty in during the problem solving process must be identified. In this study, It is aimed to determine the points in which students have difficulty in by using clinic interview method with the help of hint cards. 17 different problems related to 10th class "Force and Motion" unit have been designated and 9-11 different hint cards which have the same titles for each problem have been prepared. 17 problems have been solved by 21 students studying at 2 different schools in Trabzon. Firstly, all students have been asked to solve the given problems by thinking out loud, then, students who were able to solve the problem have been asked to tell the process in details and clearly; the students who have failed to solve the problems were asked to retry solving the same problem by using hint cards. Students have come up with the correct solution for some problems without using hint cards, while for some other problems; they have needed to use the hint cards. Whereas these students, despite using hint cards, could not come up with the correct solution to some problems. It was clearly seen that students have used the hint cards which include formulas and steps of solution mostly. It was determined that there ought to be a hint card about unit conversions and the "sample solution" hint should be expressed more clearly. It was retained that some students have had superficial problem solving approach and they have difficulty in making plan, an important step in problem solving; some students have little awareness about their own problem solving process and that proposing hints can help to solve the problem only to a certain extent. Teachers have been suggested to teach the simplest steps of the problems in a clear way, to give students enough time to solve the problems by themselves, to help students find their own wrong steps in the solution process. Accordingly, researchers have been suggested to determine the difficulties that students who are at different levels have while problem solving on different topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology is the property of Speech-Language & Audiology Canada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)