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121 results on '"Hinkov, Borislav"'

1. Shot-noise-limited emission from interband and quantum cascade lasers

Author

Gabbrielli, Tecla, Pelini, Jacopo, Marschick, Georg, Consolino, Luigi, La Penna, Irene, Faist, Jérôme, Bertrand, Mathieu, Kapsalidis, Filippos, Weih, Robert, Höfling, Sven, Akikusa, Naota, Hinkov, Borislav, De Natale, Paolo, Cappelli, Francesco, and Borri, Simone

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

The intensity noise of a laser source represents one of the key factors limiting the ultimate sensitivity in laser-based systems for sensing and telecommunication. For advanced applications based on interferometry, the availability of a shot-noise-limited local oscillator is even more important for the effective feasibility of high-precision measurements. This is particularly crucial in quantum optics applications based on homodyne detection schemes to measure non-classical light states, such as squeezed states. This work deeply investigates and analyzes the intensity noise features of the most widely used mid-infrared semiconductor heterostructured lasers: quantum cascade and interband cascade lasers. For this purpose, a comprehensive comparison of three different continuous-wave lasers operating at room temperature around 4.5 {\mu}m wavelength is presented. First, a thorough electro-optical characterization is given, highlighting the differences and the shared common characteristics of the tested devices. Then, a detailed intensity noise analysis is reported, identifying their different noise operations with a particular reference to shot-noise-limited operations. Finally, some perspectives towards advanced applications are discussed., Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures

Published
2024

2. Mid-Infrared Ring Interband Cascade Laser: Operation at the Standard Quantum Limit

Author

Marschick, Georg, Pelini, Jacopo, Gabbrielli, Tecla, Cappelli, Francesco, Weih, Robert, Knötig, Hedwig, Koeth, Johannes, Höfling, Sven, De Natale, Paolo, Strasser, Gottfried, Borri, Simone, and Hinkov, Borislav

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Many precision applications in the mid-infrared spectral range have strong constraints based on quantum effects that are expressed in particular noise characteristics. They limit, e.g., sensitivity and resolution of mid-infrared imaging and spectroscopic systems as well as the bit-error rate in optical free-space communication. Interband cascade lasers (ICLs) are a class of mid-infrared laser exploiting interband transitions in type-II band alignment geometry. They are currently gaining significant importance for mid-infrared applications from <3 {\mu}m to >6 {\mu}m wavelength, enabled by novel types of high-performance ICLs such as ring-cavity devices. Their noise-behavior is an important feature that still needs to be thoroughly analyzed, including its potential reduction with respect to the shot noise limit. In this work, we provide a comprehensive characterization of {\lambda} = 3.8 {\mu}m-emitting, continuous-wave ring-ICLs operating at room temperature. It is based on an in-depth study of their main physical intensity noise features, such as their bias-dependent intensity noise power spectral density (INPSD) and relative intensity noise (RIN). We obtain shot-noise-limited statistics for Fourier frequencies above 100 kHz. This is an important result for precision applications, e.g. interferometry or advanced spectroscopy, which benefit from exploiting the advantage of using such a shot-noise limited source, enhancing the setup sensitivity. Moreover, it is an important feature for novel quantum optics schemes including testing specific light states below the shot noise level, such as squeezed states.

Published
2023

3. Surface Protection and Activation of Mid-IR Plasmonic Waveguides for Spectroscopy of Liquids

Author

David, Mauro, Doganlar, Ismael C., Nazzari, Daniele, Arigliani, Elena, Wacht, Dominik, Sistani, Masiar, Detz, Hermann, Ramer, Georg, Lendl, Bernhard, Weber, Walter M., Strasser, Gottfried, and Hinkov, Borislav

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Liquid spectroscopy in the mid-infrared spectral range is a very powerful, yet premature technique for selective and sensitive molecule detection. Due to the lack of suitable concepts and materials for versatile miniaturized sensors, it is often still limited to bulky systems and offline analytics. Mid-infrared plasmonics is a promising field of current research for such compact and surface-sensitive structures, enabling new pathways for much-needed photonic integrated sensors. In this work, we focus on extending the concept of Ge/Au-based mid-infrared plasmonic waveguides to enable broadband liquid detection. Through the implementation of high-quality dielectric passivation layers deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD), we cover the weak and water-soluble Ge native oxide. We show that approximately 10 nm of e.g. Al2O3 or ZrO2 can already protect the plasmonic waveguides for up to 90 min of direct water exposure. This unlocks integrated sensing schemes for broadband molecule detection based on mid-infrared plasmonics. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we further demonstrate that the ZrO2 coated waveguides can be activated by surface functionalization, allowing the selective measurement of diethyl ether at a wavelength of 9.38 {\mu}m.

Published
2023

4. Advanced Mid-Infrared Plasmonic Waveguides For On-Chip Integrated Photonics

Author

David, Mauro, Disnan, Davide, Arigliani, Elena, Lardschneider, Anna, Marschick, Georg, Hoang, Hanh T., Detz, Hermann, Lendl, Bernhard, Schmid, Ulrich, Strasser, Gottfried, and Hinkov, Borislav

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Long-wave infrared (LWIR, 8-14 um) photonics is a rapidly growing research field within the mid-IR with applications in molecular spectroscopy and optical free-space communication. LWIR-applications are often addressed using rather bulky tabletop-sized free-space optical systems, preventing advanced photonic applications such as rapid-time-scale experiments. Here, device miniaturization into photonic integrated circuits (PICs) with maintained optical capabilities is key to revolutionize mid-IR photonics. Sub-wavelength mode confinement in plasmonic structures enabled such miniaturization approaches in the visible-to-near-IR spectral range. However, adopting plasmonics for the LWIR needs suitable low-loss and -dispersion materials with compatible integration strategies to existing mid-IR technology. In this work we further unlock the field of LWIR/mid-IR PICs, by combining photolithographic patterning of organic polymers with dielectric-loaded surface plasmon polariton (DLSPP) waveguides. In particular, polyethylene shows favorable optical properties, including low refractive index and broad transparency between ~2-200 um. We investigate the whole value chain, including design, fabrication, and characterization of polyethylene-based DLSPP waveguides and demonstrate their first-time plasmonic operation and mode guiding capabilities along s-bend structures. Low bending losses of ~1.3 dB and straight-section propagation lengths of ~1 mm, pave the way for unprecedented, complex on-chip mid-IR photonic devices. Moreover, DLSPPs allow full control of the mode parameters (propagation length and guiding capabilities) for precisely addressing advanced sensing and telecommunication applications with chip-scale devices.

Published
2023

5. An interband cascade laser based heterodyne detector with integrated optical amplifier and local oscillator

Author

Dal Cin Sandro, Windischhofer Andreas, Pilat Florian, Leskowschek Michael, Pecile Vito F., David Mauro, Beiser Maximilian, Weih Robert, Koeth Johannes, Marschick Georg, Hinkov Borislav, Strasser Gottfried, Heckl Oliver H., and Schwarz Benedikt

Subjects
interband cascade laser, heterodyne, racetrack, bi-functional icl, detector, semicondutor optical amplifier, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Heterodyne detection based on interband cascade lasers (ICL) has been demonstrated in a wide range of different applications. However, it is still often limited to bulky tabletop systems using individual components such as dual laser setups, beam shaping elements, and discrete detectors. In this work, a versatile integrated ICL platform is investigated for tackling this issue. A RF-optimized, two-section ICL approach is employed, consisting of a short section typically used for efficient modulation of the cavity field and a long gain section. Such a laser is operated in reversed mode, with the entire Fabry–Pérot waveguide utilized as a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and the electrically separated short section as detector. Furthermore, a racetrack cavity is introduced as on-chip single-mode reference generator. The field of the racetrack cavity is coupled into the SOA waveguide via an 800 nm gap. By external injection of a single mode ICL operating at the appropriate wavelength, a heterodyne beating between the on-chip reference and the injected signal can be observed on the integrated detector section of the SOA-detector.

Published
2024
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8. Excess frequency noise in interband cascade lasers: towards narrower-linewidth operation

Author

Insero, Giacomo, primary, Cappelli, Francesco, additional, Siciliani de Cumis, Mario, additional, Pelini, Jacopo, additional, Gabbrielli, Tecla, additional, Marschick, Georg, additional, Weih, Robert, additional, Koeth, Johannes, additional, Höfling, Sven, additional, Strasser, Gottfried, additional, De Natale, Paolo, additional, Hinkov, Borislav, additional, and Borri, Simone, additional

Published
2024
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10. Intensity noise of mid-infrared semiconductor cascade lasers: exploring shot-noise-limited operation

Author

Gabbrielli, Tecla, primary, Pelini, Jacopo, additional, Marschick, Georg, additional, Consolino, Luigi, additional, La Penna, Irene, additional, Faist, Jérôme, additional, Bertrand, Mathieu, additional, Kapsalidis, Filippos, additional, Weih, Robert, additional, Höfling, Sven, additional, Akikusa, Naota, additional, Hinkov, Borislav, additional, Cappelli, Francesco, additional, De Natale, Paolo, additional, and Borri, Simone, additional

Published
2024
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17. A novel miniaturized mid-IR sensor for glucose detection using on-chip plasmonics and quantum cascade detectors (Conference Presentation)

Author

Arigliani, Elena, primary, David, Mauro, additional, Hinkelmann, Erik, additional, Knötig, Hedwig, additional, Butera, Valeria, additional, Konecny, Adam, additional, Pilat, Florian, additional, Schwarz, Benedikt, additional, Strasser, Gottfried, additional, Detz, Hermann, additional, and Hinkov, Borislav, additional

Published
2023
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18. Beyond Karl Fischer titration: a monolithic quantum cascade sensor for monitoring residual water concentration in solvents

Author

Pilat, Florian, Schwarz, Benedikt, Baumgartner, Bettina, Ristanic, Daniela, Detz, Hermann, Andrews, Aaron Maxwell, Lendl, Bernhard, Strasser, Gottfried, Hinkov, Borislav, Pilat, Florian, Schwarz, Benedikt, Baumgartner, Bettina, Ristanic, Daniela, Detz, Hermann, Andrews, Aaron Maxwell, Lendl, Bernhard, Strasser, Gottfried, and Hinkov, Borislav

Abstract

Quality control of liquids is an important part of analytical chemistry. The gold standard for measuring residual water in organic solvents and pharmaceutical applications is Karl Fischer titration. It has a high sensitivity, selectivity and accuracy. The downsides are a time-consuming offline analysis, together with the need for toxic reagents producing waste, and it suffers from poor inter-laboratory reproducibility. In this work, we present a high-performance lab-on-a-chip sensor exploiting mid-IR spectroscopy for liquid sensing. It is operating at 6.1 mu m wavelength and is suitable for robust and flexible real-time in situ analysis of the residual water concentration in isopropyl alcohol. This is demonstrated in two experiments. A custom-made 60 mu L flow cell is employed to measure only minute amounts of analyte in an inline configuration. In a second approach, the whole sensor is immersed into the analyte to demonstrate sensitive and rapid in situ operation on the millisecond time scale. This is confirmed by the ability for time resolved single water-droplet monitoring, while they are mixed into the liquid sample. We obtain a limit of detection between 120 ppm and 150 ppm with a concentration coverage spanning three orders of magnitude from 1.2 x 10(-2)%(vol) to 25%(vol) for the flow cell and 1.5 x 10(-2)%(vol) to 19%(vol) in the in situ configuration, respectively.

Published
2023

19. Surface Protection and Activation of Mid-IR Plasmonic Waveguides for Spectroscopy of Liquids

Author

David, Mauro, Doganlar, Ismael C., Nazzari, Daniele, Arigliani, Elena, Wacht, Dominik, Sistani, Masiar, Detz, Hermann, Ramer, Georg, Lendl, Bernhard, Weber, Walter M., Strasser, Gottfried, and Hinkov, Borislav

Abstract

Liquid spectroscopy in the mid-infrared spectral range is a very powerful, yet premature technique for selective and sensitive molecule detection. Due to the lack of suitable concepts and materials for versatile miniaturized sensors, it is often still limited to bulky systems and offline analytics. Mid-infrared plasmonics is a promising field of current research for such compact and surface-sensitive structures, enabling new pathways for much-needed photonic integrated sensors. In this work, we focus on extending the concept of Ge/Au-based mid-infrared plasmonic waveguides to enable broadband liquid detection. Through the implementation of high-quality dielectric passivation layers deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD), we cover the weak and water-soluble Ge native oxide. We show that approximately 10 nm of e.g. Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$ or ZrO$_{2}$ can already protect the plasmonic waveguides for up to 90 min of direct water exposure. This unlocks integrated sensing schemes for broadband molecule detection based on mid-infrared plasmonics. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we further demonstrate that the ZrO$_{2}$ coated waveguides can be activated by surface functionalization, allowing the direct measurement of diethyl ether at a wavelength of 9.38 $\mu$m.

Published
2024
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20. On-chip liquid sensing using mid-IR plasmonics

Author

Hinkov, Borislav, primary, David, Mauro, additional, Pilat, Florian, additional, Schwaighofer, Andreas, additional, Marschick, Georg, additional, Arigliani, Elena, additional, Souza, Patricia Lustoza, additional, Doganlar, Ismail C., additional, Gsodam, Xaver, additional, Dabrowska, Alicja, additional, Wacht, Dominik, additional, Sistani, Masiar, additional, Nazzari, Daniele, additional, Disnan, Davide, additional, Detz, Hermann, additional, Andrews, Aaron M., additional, Schmid, Ulrich, additional, Weber, Walter M., additional, Schwarz, Benedikt, additional, Lendl, Bernhard, additional, and Strasser, Gottfried, additional

Published
2023
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24. Structure and mid-infrared optical properties of spin-coated polyethylene films developed for integrated photonics applications

Author

David, Mauro, Disnan, Davide, Lardschneider, Anna, Wacht, Dominik, Hoang, Hanh T., Ramer, Georg, Detz, Hermann, Lendl, Bernhard, Schmid, Ulrich, Strasser, Gottfried, Hinkov, Borislav, David, Mauro, Disnan, Davide, Lardschneider, Anna, Wacht, Dominik, Hoang, Hanh T., Ramer, Georg, Detz, Hermann, Lendl, Bernhard, Schmid, Ulrich, Strasser, Gottfried, and Hinkov, Borislav

Abstract

Polyethylene is a promising polymer for mid-infrared integrated optics due to its broad transparency and optimal refractive index. However, simple fabrication protocols that preserve its optical characteristics are needed to foster a wide range of applications and unlock its full potential. This work presents investigations of the optical and structural properties of spin-coated linear low-density polyethylene films fabricated under humidity-controlled conditions. The film thickness on polymer concentration dependence shows a non-linear behavior, in agreement with previously reported theoretical models and allowing predictive concentration-dependent thickness deposition with high repeatability. The surface roughness is on the nanometer-scale for all investigated concentrations between 1% and 10%. The crystallinity of the films was studied with the Raman spectroscopy technique. Mid-infrared ellipsometry measurements show a broad transparency range as expected for bulk material. Layer exposure to solvents revealed good stability of the films, indicating that the fabricated layers can outlast further fabrication steps. These investigations confirm the excellent properties of spin-coated thin films fabricated with our novel method, creating new opportunities for the use in photonic integrated circuits Published by Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

Published
2022

26. Mid-infrared lab-on-a-chip for protein sensing in real-time

Author

Hinkov, Borislav, primary, Pilat, Florian, additional, Lux, Laurin, additional, Souza, Patricia L., additional, Schwaighofer, Andreas, additional, Schwarz, Benedikt, additional, Detz, Hermann, additional, Andrews, Aaron M., additional, Baumgartner, Bettina, additional, Lendl, Bernhard, additional, Strasser, Gottfried, additional, and David, Mauro, additional

Published
2022
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29. Mesoporous Zirconia Coating for Sensing Applications Using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) Spectroscopy

Author

Wacht, Dominik, David, Mauro, Hinkov, Borislav, Detz, Hermann, Schwaighofer, Andreas, Baumgartner, Bettina, and Lendl, Bernhard

Subjects
sensor, thin film, functional coatings, infrared spectroscopy, Instrumentation, porous materials, Spectroscopy
Abstract

Mid-infrared attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for in situ monitoring of various processes. Mesoporous silica, an extensively studied material, has already been applied in sensing schemes due to its high surface area and tunable surface chemistry. However, its poor chemical stability in aqueous solutions at pH values higher than 8 and strong absorption below 1250 cm−1 limits its range of applications. To circumvent these problems, a mesoporous zirconia coating on ATR crystals was developed. Herein, the synthesis, surface modification, and characterization of ordered mesoporous zirconia films on Si wafers and Si-ATR crystals are presented. The modified coating was applied in sensing schemes using aromatic and aliphatic nitriles in aqueous solution as organic pollutants. The mesoporous zirconia coating shows strong chemical resistance when kept in alkaline solution for 72 h. The success of surface modification is confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and contact angle measurements. Benzonitrile and valeronitrile in water are used as model analytes to evaluate the enrichment performance of the film. The experimental results are fitted using Freundlich isotherms, and enrichment factors of 162 and 26 are calculated for 10 mg L−1 benzonitrile and 25 mg L−1 valeronitrile in water, respectively. Limits of detection of 1 mg L−1 for benzonitrile and 11 mg L−1 for valeronitrile are obtained. The high chemical stability of this coating allows application in diverse fields such as catalysis with the possibility of in situ monitoring using FT-IR spectroscopy.

Published
2021

30. Real-time reaction monitoring of liquids based on monolithic mid-IR sensors

Author

Hinkov, Borislav, primary, Pilat, Florian, additional, David, Mauro, additional, Marschick, Georg, additional, Arigliani, Elena, additional, Souza, Patricia L., additional, Schwaighofer, Andreas, additional, Lux, Laurin, additional, Baumgartner, Bettina, additional, Ristanić, Daniela, additional, Schwarz, Benedikt, additional, Detz, Hermann, additional, Andrews, Aaron M., additional, Lendl, Bernhard, additional, and Strasser, Gottfried, additional

Published
2022
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31. A Monolithic Lab-on-a-Chip for Real Time Liquid Spectroscopy

Author

Hinkov, Borislav, primary, Pilat, Florian, additional, Lux, Laurin, additional, Souza, Patricia L., additional, David, Mauro, additional, Schwaighofer, Andreas, additional, Baumgartner, Bettina, additional, Ristanić, Daniela, additional, Schwarz, Benedikt, additional, Detz, Hermann, additional, Andrews, Aaron M., additional, Lendl, Bernhard, additional, and Strasser, Gottfried, additional

Published
2022
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34. Vertically emitting ring interband cascade lasers

Author

Knötig, Hedwig, primary, Hinkov, Borislav, additional, Weih, Robert, additional, Schwarz, Benedikt, additional, Lindner, Stefan, additional, Waclawek, Johannes P., additional, Lendl, Bernhard, additional, Höfling, Sven, additional, Koeth, Johannes, additional, and Strasser, Gottfried, additional

Published
2021
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37. Current- and temperature-induced beam steering in 7.8-[micro]m emitting quantum-cascade lasers

Author

Hinkov, Borislav, Fuchs, Frank, Bronner, Wolfgang, Kohler, Klaus, and Wagner, Joachim

Subjects
Scanning electron microscopes -- Usage, Semiconductor lasers -- Research, Semiconductor lasers -- Spectra, Semiconductor lasers -- Optical properties, Business, Computers, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

A large current- and temperature-induced beam-steering effect, observed in the far-field distribution of InP-based quantum-cascade lasers emitting around 7.8-[micro]m wavelength operated in pulsed mode is reported. The time-resolved spectroscopy of the lasing spectrum for the laser provides insight into the beam steering effect which is linked to changes in the lateral mode distribution.

Published
2008

38. Terahertz Intersubband Electroluminescence from Nonpolar m-Plane ZnO Quantum Cascade Structures

Author

Meng, Bo, primary, Hinkov, Borislav, additional, Biavan, Nolwenn Marie L., additional, Hoang, Hanh T., additional, Lefebvre, Denis, additional, Hugues, Maxime, additional, Stark, David, additional, Franckié, Martin, additional, Torres-Pardo, Almudena, additional, Tamayo-Arriola, Julen, additional, Bajo, Miguel M., additional, Hierro, Adrian, additional, Strasser, Gottfried, additional, Faist, Jérôme, additional, and Chauveau, Jean M., additional

Published
2020
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41. Ring Interband Cascade Lasers for Environmental Monitoring

Author

Knotig, Hedwig, primary, Waclawek, Johannes P., additional, Lendl, Bernhard, additional, Stasser, Gottfried, additional, Hinkov, Borislav, additional, Holzbauer, Martin, additional, Szedlak, Rolf, additional, Detz, Hermann, additional, Weih, Robert, additional, Hofling, Sven, additional, Schrenk, Werner, additional, and Koeth, Johannes, additional

Published
2019
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42. Optoelectronic Devices Based on ZnO/ZnMgO

Author

Hinkov, Borislav, primary, Hoang, Hanh T., additional, Winter, Dominik, additional, Schrenk, Werner, additional, Hugues, Maxime, additional, Chauveau, Jean-Michel, additional, and Strasser, Gottfried, additional

Published
2019
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45. Short infrared wavelength quantum cascade detectors based on non-polar ZnO/ZnMgO quantum wells

Author

Jollivet, Arnaud, primary, Julien, François H., additional, Hinkov, Borislav, additional, Pirotta, Stefano, additional, Derelle, Sophie, additional, Jaeck, Julien, additional, Tchernycheva, Maria, additional, Colombelli, Raffaele, additional, Bousseksou, Adel, additional, Hugues, Maxime, additional, Le Biavan, Nolwenn, additional, Tamayo-Arriola, Julen, additional, Montes Bajo, Miguel, additional, Strasser, Gottfried, additional, Chauveau, Jean-Michel, additional, and Hierro, Adrian, additional

Published
2019
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49. Ring Interband Cascade Lasers

Author

Holzbauer, Martin, primary, Hinkov, Borislav, additional, Szedlak, Rolf, additional, Detz, Hermann, additional, Weih, Robert, additional, Höfling, Sven, additional, Schrenk, Werner, additional, Gornik, Erich, additional, Koeth, Johannes, additional, and Strasser, Gottfried, additional

Published
2018
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