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2. Tracking of marine predators to protect Southern Ocean ecosystems

Author

Hindell, Mark A, Reisinger, Ryan R, Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Hückstädt, Luis A, Trathan, Philip N, Bornemann, Horst, Charrassin, Jean-Benoît, Chown, Steven L, Costa, Daniel P, Danis, Bruno, Lea, Mary-Anne, Thompson, David, Torres, Leigh G, Van de Putte, Anton P, Alderman, Rachael, Andrews-Goff, Virginia, Arthur, Ben, Ballard, Grant, Bengtson, John, Bester, Marthán N, Blix, Arnoldus Schytte, Boehme, Lars, Bost, Charles-André, Boveng, Peter, Cleeland, Jaimie, Constantine, Rochelle, Corney, Stuart, Crawford, Robert JM, Dalla Rosa, Luciano, de Bruyn, PJ Nico, Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Double, Mike, Emmerson, Louise, Fedak, Mike, Friedlaender, Ari, Gales, Nick, Goebel, Michael E, Goetz, Kimberly T, Guinet, Christophe, Goldsworthy, Simon D, Harcourt, Rob, Hinke, Jefferson T, Jerosch, Kerstin, Kato, Akiko, Kerry, Knowles R, Kirkwood, Roger, Kooyman, Gerald L, Kovacs, Kit M, Lawton, Kieran, Lowther, Andrew D, Lydersen, Christian, Lyver, Phil O’B, Makhado, Azwianewi B, Márquez, Maria EI, McDonald, Birgitte I, McMahon, Clive R, Muelbert, Monica, Nachtsheim, Dominik, Nicholls, Keith W, Nordøy, Erling S, Olmastroni, Silvia, Phillips, Richard A, Pistorius, Pierre, Plötz, Joachim, Pütz, Klemens, Ratcliffe, Norman, Ryan, Peter G, Santos, Mercedes, Southwell, Colin, Staniland, Iain, Takahashi, Akinori, Tarroux, Arnaud, Trivelpiece, Wayne, Wakefield, Ewan, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wienecke, Barbara, Xavier, José C, Wotherspoon, Simon, Jonsen, Ian D, and Raymond, Ben

Subjects
Life Below Water, Climate Action, Animal Identification Systems, Animals, Antarctic Regions, Aquatic Organisms, Biodiversity, Birds, Climate Change, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecosystem, Fishes, Food Chain, Ice Cover, Mammals, Oceans and Seas, Population Dynamics, Predatory Behavior, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Southern Ocean ecosystems are under pressure from resource exploitation and climate change1,2. Mitigation requires the identification and protection of Areas of Ecological Significance (AESs), which have so far not been determined at the ocean-basin scale. Here, using assemblage-level tracking of marine predators, we identify AESs for this globally important region and assess current threats and protection levels. Integration of more than 4,000 tracks from 17 bird and mammal species reveals AESs around sub-Antarctic islands in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and over the Antarctic continental shelf. Fishing pressure is disproportionately concentrated inside AESs, and climate change over the next century is predicted to impose pressure on these areas, particularly around the Antarctic continent. At present, 7.1% of the ocean south of 40°S is under formal protection, including 29% of the total AESs. The establishment and regular revision of networks of protection that encompass AESs are needed to provide long-term mitigation of growing pressures on Southern Ocean ecosystems.

Published
2020

3. The retrospective analysis of Antarctic tracking data project.

Author

Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Van de Putte, Anton P, Reisinger, Ryan R, Bornemann, Horst, Charrassin, Jean-Benoît, Costa, Daniel P, Danis, Bruno, Hückstädt, Luis A, Jonsen, Ian D, Lea, Mary-Anne, Thompson, David, Torres, Leigh G, Trathan, Philip N, Wotherspoon, Simon, Ainley, David G, Alderman, Rachael, Andrews-Goff, Virginia, Arthur, Ben, Ballard, Grant, Bengtson, John, Bester, Marthán N, Blix, Arnoldus Schytte, Boehme, Lars, Bost, Charles-André, Boveng, Peter, Cleeland, Jaimie, Constantine, Rochelle, Crawford, Robert JM, Dalla Rosa, Luciano, Nico de Bruyn, PJ, Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Double, Mike, Emmerson, Louise, Fedak, Mike, Friedlaender, Ari, Gales, Nick, Goebel, Mike, Goetz, Kimberly T, Guinet, Christophe, Goldsworthy, Simon D, Harcourt, Rob, Hinke, Jefferson T, Jerosch, Kerstin, Kato, Akiko, Kerry, Knowles R, Kirkwood, Roger, Kooyman, Gerald L, Kovacs, Kit M, Lawton, Kieran, Lowther, Andrew D, Lydersen, Christian, Lyver, Phil O'B, Makhado, Azwianewi B, Márquez, Maria EI, McDonald, Birgitte I, McMahon, Clive R, Muelbert, Monica, Nachtsheim, Dominik, Nicholls, Keith W, Nordøy, Erling S, Olmastroni, Silvia, Phillips, Richard A, Pistorius, Pierre, Plötz, Joachim, Pütz, Klemens, Ratcliffe, Norman, Ryan, Peter G, Santos, Mercedes, Southwell, Colin, Staniland, Iain, Takahashi, Akinori, Tarroux, Arnaud, Trivelpiece, Wayne, Wakefield, Ewan, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wienecke, Barbara, Xavier, José C, Raymond, Ben, and Hindell, Mark A

Abstract

The Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking Data (RAATD) is a Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research project led jointly by the Expert Groups on Birds and Marine Mammals and Antarctic Biodiversity Informatics, and endorsed by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. RAATD consolidated tracking data for multiple species of Antarctic meso- and top-predators to identify Areas of Ecological Significance. These datasets and accompanying syntheses provide a greater understanding of fundamental ecosystem processes in the Southern Ocean, support modelling of predator distributions under future climate scenarios and create inputs that can be incorporated into decision making processes by management authorities. In this data paper, we present the compiled tracking data from research groups that have worked in the Antarctic since the 1990s. The data are publicly available through biodiversity.aq and the Ocean Biogeographic Information System. The archive includes tracking data from over 70 contributors across 12 national Antarctic programs, and includes data from 17 predator species, 4060 individual animals, and over 2.9 million observed locations.

Published
2020

5. Observing change in pelagic animals as sampling methods shift: the case of Antarctic krill

Author

Hill, Simeon L, Atkinson, Angus, Arata, Javier, Belcher, Anna, Bengtson-Nash, Susan, Bernard, Kim S., Cleary, Alison, Conroy, John, Driscoll, Ryan, Fielding, Sophie, Flores, Hauke, Forcada, Jaume, Halfter, Svenja, Hinke, Jefferson, Hückstädt, Luis, Johnston, Nadine M., Kane, Mary, Kawaguchi, So, Krafft, Bjørn A., Krüger, Lucas, La, Hyoung Sul, Liszka, Cecilia, Meyer, Bettina, Murphy, Eugene, Pakhomov, Evgeny, Perry, Frances, Piñones, Andrea, Polito, Michael J., Reid, Keith, Reiss, Christian, Rombola, Emilce, Saunders, Ryan A., Schmidt, Katrin, Sylvester, Zephryr, Takahashi, Akinori, Tarling, Geraint A., Trathan, Philip N., Veytia, Devi, Watters, George, Xavier, José C., Yang, Guang, Hill, Simeon L, Atkinson, Angus, Arata, Javier, Belcher, Anna, Bengtson-Nash, Susan, Bernard, Kim S., Cleary, Alison, Conroy, John, Driscoll, Ryan, Fielding, Sophie, Flores, Hauke, Forcada, Jaume, Halfter, Svenja, Hinke, Jefferson, Hückstädt, Luis, Johnston, Nadine M., Kane, Mary, Kawaguchi, So, Krafft, Bjørn A., Krüger, Lucas, La, Hyoung Sul, Liszka, Cecilia, Meyer, Bettina, Murphy, Eugene, Pakhomov, Evgeny, Perry, Frances, Piñones, Andrea, Polito, Michael J., Reid, Keith, Reiss, Christian, Rombola, Emilce, Saunders, Ryan A., Schmidt, Katrin, Sylvester, Zephryr, Takahashi, Akinori, Tarling, Geraint A., Trathan, Philip N., Veytia, Devi, Watters, George, Xavier, José C., and Yang, Guang

Abstract

Understanding and managing the response of marine ecosystems to human pressures including climate change requires reliable large-scale and multi-decadal information on the state of key populations. These populations include the pelagic animals that support ecosystem services including carbon export and fisheries. The use of research vessels to collect information using scientific nets and acoustics is being replaced with technologies such as autonomous moorings, gliders, and meta-genetics. Paradoxically, these newer methods sample pelagic populations at ever-smaller spatial scales, and ecological change might go undetected in the time needed to build up large-scale, long time series. These global-scale issues are epitomised by Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), which is concentrated in rapidly warming areas, exports substantial quantities of carbon and supports an expanding fishery, but opinion is divided on how resilient their stocks are to climatic change. Based on a workshop of 137 krill experts we identify the challenges of observing climate change impacts with shifting sampling methods and suggest three tractable solutions. These are to: improve overlap and calibration of new with traditional methods; improve communication to harmonise, link and scale up the capacity of new but localised sampling programs; and expand opportunities from other research platforms and data sources, including the fishing industry. Contrasting evidence for both change and stability in krill stocks illustrates how the risks of false negative and false positive diagnoses of change are related to the temporal and spatial scale of sampling. Given the uncertainty about how krill are responding to rapid warming we recommend a shift towards a fishery management approach that prioritises monitoring of stock status and can adapt to variability and change.

Published
2024

6. Observing change in pelagic animals as sampling methods shift: the case of Antarctic krill

Author

World Wildlife Fund, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), National Science Foundation (US), European Commission, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía (Chile), Korea Polar Research Institute, Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (South Korea), Helmholtz Association, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Chile), Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, University of Tasmania, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Hill, Simeon L., Atkinson, Angus, Arata, Javier A., Belcher, Anna, Bengtson Nash, Susan, Bernard, Kim S., Cleary, Alison, Conroy, John A., Driscoll, Ryan, Fielding, Sophie, Flores, Hauke, Forcada, Jaume, Halfter, Svenja, Hinke, Jefferson T., Hückstädt, Luis, Johnston, Nadine M., Kane, Mary, Kawaguchi, So, Krafft, Bjørn A., Krüger, Lucas, La, Hyoung Sul, Liszka, Cecilia M., Meyer, Bettina, Murphy, Eugene J., Pakhomov, Evgeny A., Perry, Frances, Piñones, Andrea, Polito, Michael J., Reid, Keith, Reiss, Christian, Rombola, Emilce, Saunders, Ryan A., Schmidt, Katrin, Sylvester, Zephyr T., Takahashi, Akinori, Tarling, Geraint A., Trathan, Phil N., Veytia, Devi, Watters, George M., Xavier, José C., Yang, Guang, World Wildlife Fund, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), National Science Foundation (US), European Commission, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía (Chile), Korea Polar Research Institute, Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (South Korea), Helmholtz Association, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Chile), Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, University of Tasmania, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Hill, Simeon L., Atkinson, Angus, Arata, Javier A., Belcher, Anna, Bengtson Nash, Susan, Bernard, Kim S., Cleary, Alison, Conroy, John A., Driscoll, Ryan, Fielding, Sophie, Flores, Hauke, Forcada, Jaume, Halfter, Svenja, Hinke, Jefferson T., Hückstädt, Luis, Johnston, Nadine M., Kane, Mary, Kawaguchi, So, Krafft, Bjørn A., Krüger, Lucas, La, Hyoung Sul, Liszka, Cecilia M., Meyer, Bettina, Murphy, Eugene J., Pakhomov, Evgeny A., Perry, Frances, Piñones, Andrea, Polito, Michael J., Reid, Keith, Reiss, Christian, Rombola, Emilce, Saunders, Ryan A., Schmidt, Katrin, Sylvester, Zephyr T., Takahashi, Akinori, Tarling, Geraint A., Trathan, Phil N., Veytia, Devi, Watters, George M., Xavier, José C., and Yang, Guang

Abstract

Understanding and managing the response of marine ecosystems to human pressures including climate change requires reliable large-scale and multi-decadal information on the state of key populations. These populations include the pelagic animals that support ecosystem services including carbon export and fisheries. The use of research vessels to collect information using scientific nets and acoustics is being replaced with technologies such as autonomous moorings, gliders, and meta-genetics. Paradoxically, these newer methods sample pelagic populations at ever-smaller spatial scales, and ecological change might go undetected in the time needed to build up large-scale, long time series. These global-scale issues are epitomised by Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), which is concentrated in rapidly warming areas, exports substantial quantities of carbon and supports an expanding fishery, but opinion is divided on how resilient their stocks are to climatic change. Based on a workshop of 137 krill experts we identify the challenges of observing climate change impacts with shifting sampling methods and suggest three tractable solutions. These are to: improve overlap and calibration of new with traditional methods; improve communication to harmonise, link and scale up the capacity of new but localised sampling programs; and expand opportunities from other research platforms and data sources, including the fishing industry. Contrasting evidence for both change and stability in krill stocks illustrates how the risks of false negative and false positive diagnoses of change are related to the temporal and spatial scale of sampling. Given the uncertainty about how krill are responding to rapid warming we recommend a shift towards a fishery management approach that prioritises monitoring of stock status and can adapt to variability and change.

Published
2024

7. A method to estimate prey density from single-camera images: A case study with chinstrap penguins and Antarctic krill.

Author

Hermanson, Victoria R., Cutter, George R., Hinke, Jefferson T., Dawkins, Matthew, and Watters, George M.

Subjects
EUPHAUSIA superba, ARTIFICIAL neural networks, PREDATORY aquatic animals, PREDATION, KRILL
Abstract

Estimating the densities of marine prey observed in animal-borne video loggers when encountered by foraging predators represents an important challenge for understanding predator-prey interactions in the marine environment. We used video images collected during the foraging trip of one chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarcticus) from Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island, Antarctica to develop a novel approach for estimating the density of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) encountered during foraging activities. Using the open-source Video and Image Analytics for a Marine Environment (VIAME), we trained a neural network model to identify video frames containing krill. Our image classifier has an overall accuracy of 73%, with a positive predictive value of 83% for prediction of frames containing krill. We then developed a method to estimate the volume of water imaged, thus the density (N·m-3) of krill, in the 2-dimensional images. The method is based on the maximum range from the camera where krill remain visibly resolvable and assumes that mean krill length is known, and that the distribution of orientation angles of krill is uniform. From 1,932 images identified as containing krill, we manually identified a subset of 124 images from across the video record that contained resolvable and unresolvable krill necessary to estimate the resolvable range and imaged volume for the video sensor. Krill swarm density encountered by the penguins ranged from 2 to 307 krill·m-3 and mean density of krill was 48 krill·m-3 (sd = 61 krill·m-3). Mean krill biomass density was 25 g·m-3. Our frame-level image classifier model and krill density estimation method provide a new approach to efficiently process video-logger data and estimate krill density from 2D imagery, providing key information on prey aggregations that may affect predator foraging performance. The approach should be directly applicable to other marine predators feeding on aggregations of prey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Observing change in pelagic animals as sampling methods shift: the case of Antarctic krill.

Author

Hill, Simeon L., Atkinson, Angus, Arata, Javier A., Belcher, Anna, Nash, Susan Bengtson, Bernard, Kim S., Cleary, Alison, Conroy, John A., Driscoll, Ryan, Fielding, Sophie, Flores, Hauke, Forcada, Jaume, Halfter, Svenja, Hinke, Jefferson T., Hückstädt, Luis, Johnston, Nadine M., Kane, Mary, Kawaguchi, So, Krafft, Bjørn A., and Krüger, Lucas

Subjects
EUPHAUSIA superba, SAMPLING methods, RESEARCH vessels, KRILL, FISHERIES, FISHERY management, MARINE ecosystem management
Abstract

Understanding and managing the response of marine ecosystems to human pressures including climate change requires reliable large-scale and multidecadal information on the state of key populations. These populations include the pelagic animals that support ecosystem services including carbon export and fisheries. The use of research vessels to collect information using scientific nets and acoustics is being replaced with technologies such as autonomous moorings, gliders, and meta-genetics. Paradoxically, these newer methods sample pelagic populations at ever-smaller spatial scales, and ecological change might go undetected in the time needed to build up large-scale, long time series. These global-scale issues are epitomised by Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), which is concentrated in rapidly warming areas, exports substantial quantities of carbon and supports an expanding fishery, but opinion is divided on how resilient their stocks are to climatic change. Based on a workshop of 137 krill experts we identify the challenges of observing climate change impacts with shifting sampling methods and suggest three tractable solutions. These are to: improve overlap and calibration of new with traditional methods; improve communication to harmonise, link and scale up the capacity of new but localised sampling programs; and expand opportunities from other research platforms and data sources, including the fishing industry. Contrasting evidence for both change and stability in krill stocks illustrates how the risks of false negative and false positive diagnoses of change are related to the temporal and spatial scale of sampling. Given the uncertainty about how krill are responding to rapid warming we recommend a shift towards a fishery management approach that prioritises monitoring of stock status and can adapt to variability and change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Global phenological insensitivity to shifting ocean temperatures among seabirds

Author

Keogan, Katharine, Daunt, Francis, Wanless, Sarah, Phillips, Richard A., Walling, Craig A., Agnew, Philippa, Ainley, David G., Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Ballard, Grant, Barrett, Robert T., Barton, Kerry J., Bech, Claus, Becker, Peter, Berglund, Per-Arvid, Bollache, Loïc, Bond, Alexander L., Bouwhuis, Sandra, Bradley, Russell W., Burr, Zofia M., Camphuysen, Kees, Catry, Paulo, Chiaradia, Andre, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Cuthbert, Richard, Dehnhard, Nina, Descamps, Sébastien, Diamond, Tony, Divoky, George, Drummond, Hugh, Dugger, Katie M., Dunn, Michael J., Emmerson, Louise, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Fort, Jérôme, Fraser, William, Genovart, Meritxell, Gilg, Olivier, González-Solís, Jacob, Granadeiro, José Pedro, Grémillet, David, Hansen, Jannik, Hanssen, Sveinn A., Harris, Mike, Hedd, April, Hinke, Jefferson, Igual, José Manuel, Jahncke, Jaime, Jones, Ian, Kappes, Peter J., Lang, Johannes, Langset, Magdalene, Lescroël, Amélie, Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon, Lyver, Phil O’B., Mallory, Mark, Moe, Børge, Montevecchi, William A., Monticelli, David, Mostello, Carolyn, Newell, Mark, Nicholson, Lisa, Nisbet, Ian, Olsson, Olof, Oro, Daniel, Pattison, Vivian, Poisbleau, Maud, Pyk, Tanya, Quintana, Flavio, Ramos, Jaime A., Ramos, Raül, Reiertsen, Tone Kirstin, Rodríguez, Cristina, Ryan, Peter, Sanz-Aguilar, Ana, Schmidt, Niels M., Shannon, Paula, Sittler, Benoit, Southwell, Colin, Surman, Christopher, Svagelj, Walter S., Trivelpiece, Wayne, Warzybok, Pete, Watanuki, Yutaka, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wilson, Peter R., Wood, Andrew G., Phillimore, Albert B., and Lewis, Sue

Published
2018
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27. Standing stock of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana, 1850) (Euphausiacea) in the Southwest Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, 2018–19

Author

Krafft, Bjørn Arne, Macaulay, Gavin, Skaret, Georg, Knutsen, Tor, Bergstad, Odd A, Lowther, Andrew, Huse, Geir, Fielding, Sophie, Trathan, Philip, Murphy, Eugene, Choi, Seok-Gwan, Chung, Sangdeok, Han, Inwoo, Lee, Kyounghoon, Zhao, Xianyong, Wang, Xinliang, Ying, Yiping, Yu, Xiaotao, Demianenko, Kostiantyn, Podhornyi, Viktor, Vishnyakova, Karina, Pshenichnov, Leonid, Chuklin, Andrii, Shyshman, Hanna, Cox, Martin J, Reid, Keith, Watters, George M, Reiss, Christian S, Hinke, Jefferson T, Arata, Javier, Godø, Olav R, and Hoem, Nils

Abstract

Estimates of the distribution and density of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana, 1850) were derived from a large-scale survey conducted during the austral summer in the Southwest Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean and across the Scotia Sea in 2018–19, the ‘2018–19 Area 48 Survey’. Survey vessels were provided by Norway, the Association of Responsible Krill harvesting companies and Aker BioMarine AS, the United Kingdom, Ukraine, Republic of Korea, and China. Survey design followed the transects of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources synoptic survey, carried out in 2000 and from regular national surveys performed in the South Atlantic sector by the U.S., China, Republic of Korea, Norway, and the U.K. The 2018–19 Area 48 Survey represents only the second large-scale survey performed in the area and this joint effort resulted in the largest ever total transect line (19,500 km) coverage carried out as one single exercise in the Southern Ocean. We delineated and integrated acoustic backscatter arising from krill swarms to produce distribution maps of krill areal biomass density and standing stock (biomass) estimates. Krill standing stock for the Area 48 was estimated to be 62.6 megatonnes (mean density of 30 g m–2 over 2 million km2) with a sampling coefficient variation of 13%. The highest mean krill densities were found in the South Orkney Islands stratum (93.2 g m–2) and the lowest in the South Georgia Island stratum (6.4 g m–2). The krill densities across the strata compared to those found during the previous survey indicate some regional differences in distribution and biomass. It is currently not possible to assign any such differences or lack of differences between the two survey datasets to longer term trends in the environment, krill stocks or fishing pressure.

Published
2021

28. Corrigenda to: Standing stock of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana, 1850) (Euphausiacea) in the Southwest Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, 2018–19

Author

Krafft, Bjørn A, primary, Macaulay, Gavin, additional, Skaret, Georg, additional, Knutsen, Tor, additional, Bergstad, Odd A, additional, Lowther, Andrew, additional, Huse, Geir, additional, Fielding, Sophie, additional, Trathan, Philip, additional, Murphy, Eugene, additional, Choi, Seok-Gwan, additional, Chung, Sangdeok, additional, Han, Inwoo, additional, Lee, Kyounghoon, additional, Zhao, Xianyong, additional, Wang, Xinliang, additional, Ying, Yiping, additional, Yu, Xiaotao, additional, Demianenko, Kostiantyn, additional, Podhornyi, Viktor, additional, Vishnyakova, Karina, additional, Pshenichnov, Leonid, additional, Chuklin, Andrii, additional, Shyshman, Hanna, additional, Cox, Martin J, additional, Reid, Keith, additional, Watters, George M, additional, Reiss, Christian S, additional, Hinke, Jefferson T, additional, Arata, Javier, additional, Godø, Olav R, additional, and Hoem, Nils, additional

Published
2021
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29. Using Forecasting Methods to Incorporate Social, Economic, and Political Considerations Into Marine Protected Area Planning

Author

Sykora-Bodie, Seth T., primary, Álvarez-Romero, Jorge G., additional, Arata, Javier A., additional, Dunn, Alistair, additional, Hinke, Jefferson T., additional, Humphries, Grant, additional, Jones, Christopher, additional, Skogrand, Pål, additional, Teschke, Katharina, additional, Trathan, Philip N., additional, Welsford, Dirk, additional, Ban, Natalie C., additional, Murray, Grant, additional, and Gill, David A., additional

Published
2021
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31. Figures S1 - S3 from Coastal regions of the northern Antarctic Peninsula are key for gentoo populations

Author

Korczak-Abshire, Malgorzata, Hinke, Jefferson T., Milinevsky, Gennadi, Juáres, Mariana A., and Watters, George M.

Abstract

Supplement material content: Distribution of gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) breeding sites within the western Antarctic Peninsula region and CCAMLR Statistical Area (a) current breeding sites with newly established colonies (b) active sites and the estimated numbers of breeding pairs (c) populations trends. Location estimates for adult and fledgling gentoo penguins tracked from five investigated breeding colonies. Monthly distributions of physical habitat variables encountered by all-aged gentoo penguins originating from the five investigated colonies.

Published
2021
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32. Using forecasting methods to incorporate social, economic, and political considerations into marine protected area planning

Author

Sykora-Bodie, Seth, Álvarez-Romero, Jorge G., Arata, Javier A., Dunn, Alistair, Hinke, Jefferson T., Humphries, Grant, Jones, Christopher, Skogrand, Pål, Teschke, Katharina, Trathan, Philip N., Welsford, Dirk, Ban, Natalie C., Murray, Grant, Gill, David A., Sykora-Bodie, Seth, Álvarez-Romero, Jorge G., Arata, Javier A., Dunn, Alistair, Hinke, Jefferson T., Humphries, Grant, Jones, Christopher, Skogrand, Pål, Teschke, Katharina, Trathan, Philip N., Welsford, Dirk, Ban, Natalie C., Murray, Grant, and Gill, David A.

Abstract

As the global environmental crisis grows in scale and complexity, conservation professionals and policymakers are increasingly called upon to make decisions despite high levels of uncertainty, limited resources, and insufficient data. Global efforts to protect biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction require substantial international cooperation and negotiation, both of which are characterized by unpredictability and high levels of uncertainty. Here we build on recent studies to adapt forecasting techniques from the fields of hazard prediction, risk assessment, and intelligence analysis to forecast the likelihood of marine protected area (MPA) designation in the Southern Ocean. We used two questionnaires, feedback, and a discussion round in a Delphi-style format expert elicitation to obtain forecasts, and collected data on specific biophysical, socioeconomic, geopolitical, and scientific factors to assess how they shape and influence these forecasts. We found that areas further north along the Western Antarctic Peninsula were considered to be less likely to be designated than areas further south, and that geopolitical factors, such as global politics or events, and socioeconomic factors, such as the presence of fisheries, were the key determinants of whether an area was predicted to be more or less likely to be designated as an MPA. Forecasting techniques can be used to inform protected area design, negotiation, and implementation in highly politicized situations where data is lacking by aiding with spatial prioritization, targeting scarce resources, and predicting the success of various spatial arrangements, interventions, or courses of action.

Published
2021

33. Using forecasting methods to incorporate social, economic, and political considerations into Marine Protected Area planning

Author

Sykora-Bodie, Seth T., Álvarez-Romero, Jorge G., Arata, Javier A., Dunn, Alistair, Hinke, Jefferson T., Humphries, Grant, Jones, Christopher, Skogrand, Pål, Teschke, Katharina, Trathan, Philip N., Welsford, Dirk, Ban, Natalie C., Murray, Grant, Gill, David A., Sykora-Bodie, Seth T., Álvarez-Romero, Jorge G., Arata, Javier A., Dunn, Alistair, Hinke, Jefferson T., Humphries, Grant, Jones, Christopher, Skogrand, Pål, Teschke, Katharina, Trathan, Philip N., Welsford, Dirk, Ban, Natalie C., Murray, Grant, and Gill, David A.

Abstract

As the global environmental crisis grows in scale and complexity, conservation professionals and policymakers are increasingly called upon to make decisions despite high levels of uncertainty, limited resources, and insufficient data. Global efforts to protect biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction require substantial international cooperation and negotiation, both of which are characterized by unpredictability and high levels of uncertainty. Here we build on recent studies to adapt forecasting techniques from the fields of hazard prediction, risk assessment, and intelligence analysis to forecast the likelihood of marine protected area (MPA) designation in the Southern Ocean. We used two questionnaires, feedback, and a discussion round in a Delphi format expert elicitation to obtain forecasts, and collected data on specific biophysical, socioeconomic, geopolitical, and scientific factors to assess how they shape and influence these forecasts. We found that areas further north along the Western Antarctic Peninsula were considered to be less likely to be designated than areas further south, and that geopolitical factors, such as global politics or events, and socioeconomic factors, such as the presence of fisheries, were the key determinants of whether an area was predicted to be more or less likely to be designated as an MPA. Forecasting techniques can be used to inform protected area design, negotiation, and implementation in highly politicized situations where data is lacking by aiding with spatial prioritization, targeting scarce resources, and predicting the success of various spatial arrangements, interventions, or courses of action.

Published
2021

34. Marine Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas for Penguins in Antarctica, Targets for Conservation Action

Author

Handley, Jonathan, Rouyer, Marie-Morgane, Pearmain, Elizabeth J., Warwick-Evans, Victoria, Teschke, Katharina, Hinke, Jefferson T., Lynch, Heather, Emmerson, Louise, Southwell, Colin, Griffith, Gary, Cárdenas, César A., Franco, Aldina M. A., Trathan, Phil N., Dias, Maria P., Handley, Jonathan, Rouyer, Marie-Morgane, Pearmain, Elizabeth J., Warwick-Evans, Victoria, Teschke, Katharina, Hinke, Jefferson T., Lynch, Heather, Emmerson, Louise, Southwell, Colin, Griffith, Gary, Cárdenas, César A., Franco, Aldina M. A., Trathan, Phil N., and Dias, Maria P.

Abstract

Global targets for area-based conservation and management must move beyond threshold-based targets alone and must account for the quality of such areas. In the Southern Ocean around Antarctica, a region where key biodiversity faces unprecedented risks from climate change and where there is a growing demand to extract resources, a number of marine areas have been afforded enhanced conservation or management measures through two adopted marine protected areas (MPAs). However, evidence suggests that additional high quality areas could benefit from a proposed network of MPAs. Penguins offer a particular opportunity to identify high quality areas because these birds, as highly visible central-place foragers, are considered indicator species whose populations reflect the state of the surrounding marine environment. We compiled a comprehensive dataset of the location of penguin colonies and their associated abundance estimates in Antarctica.We then estimated the at-sea distribution of birds based on information derived from tracking data and through the application of a modified foraging radius approach with a density decay function to identify some of the most important marine areas for chick-rearing adult penguins throughout waters surrounding Antarctica following the Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA) framework. Additionally, we assessed how marine IBAs overlapped with the currently adopted and proposed network of key management areas (primarily MPAs), and how the krill fishery likely overlapped with marine IBAs over the past five decades. We identified 63 marine IBAs throughout Antarctic waters and found that were the proposed MPAs to be adopted, the permanent conservation of high quality areas for penguin species would increase by between 49 and 100% depending on the species. Furthermore, our data show that, despite a generally contracting range of operation by the krill fishery in Antarctica over the past five decades, a consistently disproportionate amount o

Published
2021

36. The Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking Data from the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research

Author

Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Van de Putte, Anton P., Reisinger, Ryan R., Bornemann, Horst, Charrassin, Jean-Benoît, Costa, Daniel P., Danis, Bruno, Hückstädt, Luis A., Jonsen, Ian D., Lea, Mary-Anne, Thompson, David, Torres, Leigh G., Trathan, Philip N., Wotherspoon, Simon, Ainley, David G., Alderman, Rachael, Andrews-Goff, Virginia, Arthur, Ben, Ballard, Grant, Bengtson, John, Bester, Marthán N., Blix, Arnoldus Schytte, Boehme, Lars, Bost, Charles-André, Boveng, Peter, Cleeland, Jaimie, Constantine, Rochelle, Crawford, Robert J. M., Dalla Rosa, Luciano, Nico de Bruyn, P. J., Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Double, Mike, Emmerson, Louise, Fedak, Mike, Friedlaender, Ari, Gales, Nick, Goebel, Mike, Goetz, Kimberly T., Guinet, Christophe, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Harcourt, Rob, Hinke, Jefferson T., Jerosch, Kerstin, Kato, Akiko, Kerry, Knowles R., Kirkwood, Roger, Kooyman, Gerald L., Kovacs, Kit M., Lawton, Kieran, Lowther, Andrew D., Lydersen, Christian, Lyver, Phil O’B., Makhado, Azwianewi B., Márquez, Maria E. I., McDonald, Birgitte I., McMahon, Clive R., Muelbert, Monica, Nachtsheim, Dominik, Nicholls, Keith W., Nordøy, Erling S., Olmastroni, Silvia, Phillips, Richard A., Pistorius, Pierre, Plötz, Joachim, Pütz, Klemens, Ratcliffe, Norman, Ryan, Peter G., Santos, Mercedes, Southwell, Colin, Staniland, Iain, Takahashi, Akinori, Tarroux, Arnaud, Trivelpiece, Wayne, Wakefield, Ewan, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wienecke, Barbara, Xavier, José C., Raymond, Ben, Hindell, Mark A., NERC, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, and University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, GC, QH301 Biology, NERC, DAS, Library and Information Sciences, Computer Science Applications, Education, QH301, SDG 13 - Climate Action, GC Oceanography, QA Mathematics, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, QA, Information Systems
Abstract

The Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking Data (RAATD) is a Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research project led jointly by the Expert Groups on Birds and Marine Mammals and Antarctic Biodiversity Informatics, and endorsed by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. RAATD consolidated tracking data for multiple species of Antarctic meso- and top-predators to identify Areas of Ecological Significance. These datasets and accompanying syntheses provide a greater understanding of fundamental ecosystem processes in the Southern Ocean, support modelling of predator distributions under future climate scenarios and create inputs that can be incorporated into decision making processes by management authorities. In this data paper, we present the compiled tracking data from research groups that have worked in the Antarctic since the 1990s. The data are publicly available through biodiversity.aq and the Ocean Biogeographic Information System. The archive includes tracking data from over 70 contributors across 12 national Antarctic programs, and includes data from 17 predator species, 4060 individual animals, and over 2.9 million observed locations. Publisher PDF

Published
2020

38. Reference points for predators will progress ecosystem‐based management of fisheries

Author

Hill, Simeon L., Hinke, Jefferson, Bertrand, Sophie, Fritz, Lowell, Furness, Robert W., Ianelli, James N., Murphy, Matthew, Oliveros‐ramos, Ricardo, Pichegru, Lorien, Sharp, Rowland, Stillman, Richard A., Wright, Peter J., Ratcliffe, Norman, Hill, Simeon L., Hinke, Jefferson, Bertrand, Sophie, Fritz, Lowell, Furness, Robert W., Ianelli, James N., Murphy, Matthew, Oliveros‐ramos, Ricardo, Pichegru, Lorien, Sharp, Rowland, Stillman, Richard A., Wright, Peter J., and Ratcliffe, Norman

Abstract

Ecosystem‐based management of fisheries aims to allow sustainable use of fished stocks while keeping impacts upon ecosystems within safe ecological limits. Both the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets promote these aims. We evaluate implementation of ecosystem‐based management in six case‐study fisheries in which potential indirect impacts upon bird or mammal predators of fished stocks are well publicized and well studied. In particular, we consider the components needed to enable management strategies to respond to information from predator monitoring. Although such information is available in all case‐studies, only one has a reference point defining safe ecological limits for predators and none has a method to adjust fishing activities in response to estimates of the state of the predator population. Reference points for predators have been developed outside the fisheries management context, but adoption by fisheries managers is hindered a lack of clarity about management objectives and uncertainty about how fishing affects predator dynamics. This also hinders the development of adjustment methods because these generally require information on the state of ecosystem variables relative to reference points. Nonetheless, most of the case‐studies include precautionary measures to limit impacts on predators. These measures are not used tactically and therefore risk excessive restrictions on sustainable use. Adoption of predator reference points to inform tactical adjustment of precautionary measures would be an appropriate next step towards ecosystem‐based management.

Published
2020
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39. Tracking of marine predators to protect Southern Ocean ecosystems

Author

Hindell, Mark A., Reisinger, Ryan R., Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Hückstädt, Luis A., Trathan, Philip N., Bornemann, Horst, Charrassin, Jean-Benoît, Chown, Steven L., Costa, Daniel P., Danis, Bruno, Lea, Mary-Anne, Thompson, David, Torres, Leigh G., Van de Putte, Anton P., Alderman, Rachael, Andrews-Goff, Virginia, Arthur, Ben, Ballard, Grant, Bengtson, John, Bester, Marthán N., Blix, Arnoldus Schytte, Boehme, Lars, Bost, Charles-André, Boveng, Peter, Cleeland, Jaimie, Constantine, Rochelle, Corney, Stuart, Crawford, Robert J. M., Dalla Rosa, Luciano, de Bruyn, P. J. Nico, Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Double, Mike, Emmerson, Louise, Fedak, Mike, Friedlaender, Ari, Gales, Nick, Goebel, Michael E., Goetz, Kimberly T., Guinet, Christophe, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Harcourt, Rob, Hinke, Jefferson T., Jerosch, Kerstin, Kato, Akiko, Kerry, Knowles R., Kirkwood, Roger, Kooyman, Gerald L., Kovacs, Kit M., Lawton, Kieran, Lowther, Andrew D., Lydersen, Christian, Lyver, Phil O’B., Makhado, Azwianewi B., Márquez, Maria E. I., McDonald, Birgitte I., McMahon, Clive R., Muelbert, Monica, Nachtsheim, Dominik, Nicholls, Keith W., Nordøy, Erling S., Olmastroni, Silvia, Phillips, Richard A., Pistorius, Pierre, Plötz, Joachim, Pütz, Klemens, Ratcliffe, Norman, Ryan, Peter G., Santos, Mercedes, Southwell, Colin, Staniland, Iain, Takahashi, Akinori, Tarroux, Arnaud, Trivelpiece, Wayne, Wakefield, Ewan, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wienecke, Barbara, Xavier, José C., Wotherspoon, Simon, Jonsen, Ian D., Raymond, Ben, Hindell, Mark A., Reisinger, Ryan R., Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Hückstädt, Luis A., Trathan, Philip N., Bornemann, Horst, Charrassin, Jean-Benoît, Chown, Steven L., Costa, Daniel P., Danis, Bruno, Lea, Mary-Anne, Thompson, David, Torres, Leigh G., Van de Putte, Anton P., Alderman, Rachael, Andrews-Goff, Virginia, Arthur, Ben, Ballard, Grant, Bengtson, John, Bester, Marthán N., Blix, Arnoldus Schytte, Boehme, Lars, Bost, Charles-André, Boveng, Peter, Cleeland, Jaimie, Constantine, Rochelle, Corney, Stuart, Crawford, Robert J. M., Dalla Rosa, Luciano, de Bruyn, P. J. Nico, Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Double, Mike, Emmerson, Louise, Fedak, Mike, Friedlaender, Ari, Gales, Nick, Goebel, Michael E., Goetz, Kimberly T., Guinet, Christophe, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Harcourt, Rob, Hinke, Jefferson T., Jerosch, Kerstin, Kato, Akiko, Kerry, Knowles R., Kirkwood, Roger, Kooyman, Gerald L., Kovacs, Kit M., Lawton, Kieran, Lowther, Andrew D., Lydersen, Christian, Lyver, Phil O’B., Makhado, Azwianewi B., Márquez, Maria E. I., McDonald, Birgitte I., McMahon, Clive R., Muelbert, Monica, Nachtsheim, Dominik, Nicholls, Keith W., Nordøy, Erling S., Olmastroni, Silvia, Phillips, Richard A., Pistorius, Pierre, Plötz, Joachim, Pütz, Klemens, Ratcliffe, Norman, Ryan, Peter G., Santos, Mercedes, Southwell, Colin, Staniland, Iain, Takahashi, Akinori, Tarroux, Arnaud, Trivelpiece, Wayne, Wakefield, Ewan, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wienecke, Barbara, Xavier, José C., Wotherspoon, Simon, Jonsen, Ian D., and Raymond, Ben

Abstract

Southern Ocean ecosystems are under pressure from resource exploitation and climate change. Mitigation requires the identification and protection of Areas of Ecological Significance (AESs), which have so far not been determined at the ocean-basin scale. Here, using assemblage-level tracking of marine predators, we identify AESs for this globally important region and assess current threats and protection levels. Integration of more than 4,000 tracks from 17 bird and mammal species reveals AESs around sub- Antarctic islands in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and over the Antarctic continental shelf. Fishing pressure is disproportionately concentrated inside AESs, and climate change over the next century is predicted to impose pressure on these areas, particularly around the Antarctic continent. At present, 7.1% of the ocean south of 40°S is under formal protection, including 29% of the total AESs. The establishment and regular revision of networks of protection that encompass AESs are needed to provide long-term mitigation of growing pressures on Southern Ocean ecosystems.

Published
2020

41. Marine Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas for Penguins in Antarctica, Targets for Conservation Action

Author

Handley, Jonathan, primary, Rouyer, Marie-Morgane, additional, Pearmain, Elizabeth J., additional, Warwick-Evans, Victoria, additional, Teschke, Katharina, additional, Hinke, Jefferson T., additional, Lynch, Heather, additional, Emmerson, Louise, additional, Southwell, Colin, additional, Griffith, Gary, additional, Cárdenas, César A., additional, Franco, Aldina M. A., additional, Trathan, Phil, additional, and Dias, Maria P., additional

Published
2021
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43. Over-winter behavior and annual survival of Pygoscelid penguins in the South Shetland Islands

Author

Hinke, Jefferson Thomas

Subjects
Dissertations, Academic Marine Biology. (Discipline) UCSD
Abstract

Pygoscelid penguin populations throughout the Antarctic Peninsula region have changed rapidly in recent decades. Ongoing climate change is thought to underpin these changes through bottom-up effects on habitat suitability and prey availability, ultimately affecting penguin behavior, survival and reproduction. To quantify winter behavior and energetic requirements required to support winter activity and to estimate population-level consequences of variation in survival rates under conditions of rapid climate change, this dissertation investigates two projects, each using a different penguin species. Daily activity and energetic demands during winter were estimated for gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) using data from archival temperature tags. Foraging trip frequencies ranged from 0.85 to 1.0 trips day⁻¹ and total trip durations were positively correlated with day length. Mean daily food requirements, based on a mixed diet of fish and krill (Euphausia superba) were estimated at 0.70 ± 0.12 kg day⁻¹. Early winter foraging trips matched day length better than late winter foraging trips, suggesting that individuals maximized foraging time during the early winter period to recover body mass following the breeding season and molt. The attenuated response of foraging trip durations to increasing day length in late winter may be related to differences in local resource availability or individual behaviors prior to the upcoming breeding season. To investigate population-level consequences of variation in survival rates, data from long-term mark-recapture studies of Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) were integrated in a stochastic population model to estimate the risk of local extirpation. No trends in survival rates were evident, and variability in survival rates was poorly explained by the selected suite of environmental covariates. Stochastic projections based on the extant variability of survival rates suggests that small increases in the frequency of years with poor survival result in a rapid increase in risk of near-term local extirpation. Compared to other populations of Adélie penguins around the Antarctic continent, survivorship and population growth rates were lowest in the northern Antarctic Peninsula region. Despite no simple correlations with environmental indices, it is readily apparent that Adélie penguins are vulnerable to the rapid environmental changes that are occurring in the Antarctic Peninsula region

Published
2012

45. Reference points for predators will progress ecosystem‐based management of fisheries

Author

Hill, Simeon L., primary, Hinke, Jefferson, additional, Bertrand, Sophie, additional, Fritz, Lowell, additional, Furness, Robert W., additional, Ianelli, James N., additional, Murphy, Matthew, additional, Oliveros‐Ramos, Ricardo, additional, Pichegru, Lorien, additional, Sharp, Rowland, additional, Stillman, Richard A., additional, Wright, Peter J., additional, and Ratcliffe, Norman, additional

Published
2020
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46. Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking Data to identify areas of ecological significance in the Southern Ocean

Author

Ropert-Coudert, Y., Van de Putte, Anton P., Reisinger, Ryan R., Bornemann, Horst, Charassin, J.-B., Costa, Dan, Danis, Bruno, Hückstädt, Luis A., Jonson, Ian, Lea, Mary-Anne, Thompson, David, Torres, Leigh G., Trathan, Phil N., Wotherspoon, Simon, Ainley, David G., Aldermann, R, Andrews-Goff, Virginia, Arthur, Ben, Ballard, Grant, Bengtson, John, Bester, Marthán N., Blix, Arnoldus Schytte, Boehme, Lars, Bost, Charles-André, Boveng, Peter, Cleeland, Jaimie, Constantine, Rochelle, Crawford, R., Dalla Rosa, Luciano, de Bruyn, P. J. Nico, Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Double, Mike, Emmerson, L., Fedak, Mike A., Friedlander, A. S., Gales, Nick, Goebel, Mike, Goetz, Kimberly T., Guinet, Christophe, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Harcourt, Rob, Hinke, Jefferson T., Jerosch, Kerstin, Kato, Akiko, Kerry, Knowles R., Kirkwood, Roger, Kooyman, Gerald L., Kovacs, Kit M., Lawton, Kieran, Lowther, Andrew, Lydersen, Christian, Lyver, P., Makhado, Azwianewi B., Márquez, Maria E. I., McDonald, Birgitte I., McMahon, Clive, Muelbert, Monica, Nachtsheim, Dominik, Nicholls, Keith W., Nordøy, Erling S., Olmastroni, Silvia, Phillips, Richard A., Pistorius, Pierre, Plötz, Joachim, Pütz, Klemens, Ratcliffe, Norman, Ryan, Peter G., Santos, Mercedes, Southwell, Colin, Staniland, Iain, Takahashi, Akinori, Tarroux, Arnaud, Trivelpiece, Wayne, Wakefield, Ewan, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wienecke, Barbara, Xavier, José C., Raymond, Ben, Hindell, Mark A., Ropert-Coudert, Y., Van de Putte, Anton P., Reisinger, Ryan R., Bornemann, Horst, Charassin, J.-B., Costa, Dan, Danis, Bruno, Hückstädt, Luis A., Jonson, Ian, Lea, Mary-Anne, Thompson, David, Torres, Leigh G., Trathan, Phil N., Wotherspoon, Simon, Ainley, David G., Aldermann, R, Andrews-Goff, Virginia, Arthur, Ben, Ballard, Grant, Bengtson, John, Bester, Marthán N., Blix, Arnoldus Schytte, Boehme, Lars, Bost, Charles-André, Boveng, Peter, Cleeland, Jaimie, Constantine, Rochelle, Crawford, R., Dalla Rosa, Luciano, de Bruyn, P. J. Nico, Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Double, Mike, Emmerson, L., Fedak, Mike A., Friedlander, A. S., Gales, Nick, Goebel, Mike, Goetz, Kimberly T., Guinet, Christophe, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Harcourt, Rob, Hinke, Jefferson T., Jerosch, Kerstin, Kato, Akiko, Kerry, Knowles R., Kirkwood, Roger, Kooyman, Gerald L., Kovacs, Kit M., Lawton, Kieran, Lowther, Andrew, Lydersen, Christian, Lyver, P., Makhado, Azwianewi B., Márquez, Maria E. I., McDonald, Birgitte I., McMahon, Clive, Muelbert, Monica, Nachtsheim, Dominik, Nicholls, Keith W., Nordøy, Erling S., Olmastroni, Silvia, Phillips, Richard A., Pistorius, Pierre, Plötz, Joachim, Pütz, Klemens, Ratcliffe, Norman, Ryan, Peter G., Santos, Mercedes, Southwell, Colin, Staniland, Iain, Takahashi, Akinori, Tarroux, Arnaud, Trivelpiece, Wayne, Wakefield, Ewan, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wienecke, Barbara, Xavier, José C., Raymond, Ben, and Hindell, Mark A.

Published
2019

47. Marine mammal tracking to define ecological hotspots in the extended Southern Ocean: Perspectives from the Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking Data project

Author

Reisinger, Ryan R., Hindell, Mark A., Ropert-Coudert, Y., Hückstädt, Luis A., Trathan, Phil N., Bornemann, Horst, Charrassin, Jean-Benoît, Costa, Daniel P., Danis, Bruno, Lea, Mary-Anne, Thompson, David, Torres, Leigh, Van de Putte, Anton P., Ainley, David G., Aldermann, R, Andrews-Goff, Virginia, Arthur, Ben, Ballard, Grant, Bengtson, John L., Bester, Marthán N., Boehme, Lars, Bost, Charles-André, Boveng, Peter, Cleeland, Jaimie, Constantine, Rochelle, Crawford, R.J.M., Dalla Rosa, Luciano, de Bruyn, P. J. Nico, Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Double, Mike, Dugger, K, Emmerson, L., Fedak, Mike A., Friedlander, A. S., Gales, Nick, Goebel, Mike, Goetz, Kimberly T., Guinet, Christophe, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Harcort, Rob, Hinke, Jefferson T., Jerosch, Kerstin, Kato, Akiko, Kerry, Knowles R., Kirkwood, Roger, Kooyman, Gerald L., Kovacs, Kit M., Lawton, K., Lowther, Andrew, Lydersen, Christian, Lyver, P., Makhado, Azwianewi B., Márquez, Maria E. I., McDonald, Birgitte I., McMahon, Clive, Muelbert, Monica, Nachtsheim, Dominik, Nicholls, Keith W., Nordøy, Erling S., Olmastroni, Silvia, Phillips, R.A., Pistorius, Pierre, Plötz, Joachim, Pütz, Klemens, Ratcliffe, Norman, Ryan, Peter G., Santos, Mercedes, Blix, Arnoldus Schytte, Southwell, Colin, Staniland, Iain, Takahashi, Akinori, Tarroux, Arnaud, Trivelpiece, Wayne, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wienecke, Barbara, Wotherspoon, Simon, Jonsen, Ian D., Raymond, Ben, Reisinger, Ryan R., Hindell, Mark A., Ropert-Coudert, Y., Hückstädt, Luis A., Trathan, Phil N., Bornemann, Horst, Charrassin, Jean-Benoît, Costa, Daniel P., Danis, Bruno, Lea, Mary-Anne, Thompson, David, Torres, Leigh, Van de Putte, Anton P., Ainley, David G., Aldermann, R, Andrews-Goff, Virginia, Arthur, Ben, Ballard, Grant, Bengtson, John L., Bester, Marthán N., Boehme, Lars, Bost, Charles-André, Boveng, Peter, Cleeland, Jaimie, Constantine, Rochelle, Crawford, R.J.M., Dalla Rosa, Luciano, de Bruyn, P. J. Nico, Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Double, Mike, Dugger, K, Emmerson, L., Fedak, Mike A., Friedlander, A. S., Gales, Nick, Goebel, Mike, Goetz, Kimberly T., Guinet, Christophe, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Harcort, Rob, Hinke, Jefferson T., Jerosch, Kerstin, Kato, Akiko, Kerry, Knowles R., Kirkwood, Roger, Kooyman, Gerald L., Kovacs, Kit M., Lawton, K., Lowther, Andrew, Lydersen, Christian, Lyver, P., Makhado, Azwianewi B., Márquez, Maria E. I., McDonald, Birgitte I., McMahon, Clive, Muelbert, Monica, Nachtsheim, Dominik, Nicholls, Keith W., Nordøy, Erling S., Olmastroni, Silvia, Phillips, R.A., Pistorius, Pierre, Plötz, Joachim, Pütz, Klemens, Ratcliffe, Norman, Ryan, Peter G., Santos, Mercedes, Blix, Arnoldus Schytte, Southwell, Colin, Staniland, Iain, Takahashi, Akinori, Tarroux, Arnaud, Trivelpiece, Wayne, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wienecke, Barbara, Wotherspoon, Simon, Jonsen, Ian D., and Raymond, Ben

Published
2019

50. Spatial scales of marine conservation management for breeding seabirds

Author

Oppel, Steffen, Bolton, Mark, Carneiro, Ana P. B., Dias, Maria P., Green, Jonathan A., Masello, Juan F., Phillips, Richard A., Owen, Ellie, Quillfeldt, Petra, Beard, Annalea, Bertrand, Sophie, Blackburn, Jez, Boersma, P. Dee, Borges, Alder, Broderick, Annette C., Catry, Paulo, Cleasby, Ian, Clingham, Elizabeth, Creuwels, Jeroen, Crofts, Sarah, Cuthbert, Richard J., Dallmeijer, Hanneke, Davies, Delia, Davies, Rachel, Dilley, Ben J., Dinis, Herculano Andrade, Dossa, Justine, Dunn, Michael J., Efe, Marcio A., Fayet, Annette L., Figueiredo, Leila, Frederico, Adelcides Pereira, Gjerdrum, Carina, Godley, Brendan J., Granadeiro, Jose Pedro, Guilford, Tim, Hamer, Keith C., Hazin, Carolina, Hedd, April, Henry, Leeann, Hernandez-montero, Marcos, Hinke, Jefferson, Kokubun, Nobuo, Leat, Eliza, Tranquilla, Laura Mcfarlane, Metzger, Benjamin, Militao, Teresa, Montrond, Gilson, Mullie, Wim, Padget, Oliver, Pearmain, Elizabeth J., Pollet, Ingrid L., Putz, Klemens, Quintana, Flavio, Ratcliffe, Norman, Ronconi, Robert A., Ryan, Peter G., Saldanha, Sarah, Shoji, Akiko, Sim, Jolene, Small, Cleo, Soanes, Louise, Takahashi, Akinori, Trathan, Phil, Trivelpiece, Wayne, Veen, Jan, Wakefield, Ewan, Weber, Nicola, Weber, Sam, Zango, Laura, Daunt, Francis, Ito, Motohiro, Harris, Michael P., Newell, Mark A., Wanless, Sarah, Gonzalez-solis, Jacob, Croxall, John, Oppel, Steffen, Bolton, Mark, Carneiro, Ana P. B., Dias, Maria P., Green, Jonathan A., Masello, Juan F., Phillips, Richard A., Owen, Ellie, Quillfeldt, Petra, Beard, Annalea, Bertrand, Sophie, Blackburn, Jez, Boersma, P. Dee, Borges, Alder, Broderick, Annette C., Catry, Paulo, Cleasby, Ian, Clingham, Elizabeth, Creuwels, Jeroen, Crofts, Sarah, Cuthbert, Richard J., Dallmeijer, Hanneke, Davies, Delia, Davies, Rachel, Dilley, Ben J., Dinis, Herculano Andrade, Dossa, Justine, Dunn, Michael J., Efe, Marcio A., Fayet, Annette L., Figueiredo, Leila, Frederico, Adelcides Pereira, Gjerdrum, Carina, Godley, Brendan J., Granadeiro, Jose Pedro, Guilford, Tim, Hamer, Keith C., Hazin, Carolina, Hedd, April, Henry, Leeann, Hernandez-montero, Marcos, Hinke, Jefferson, Kokubun, Nobuo, Leat, Eliza, Tranquilla, Laura Mcfarlane, Metzger, Benjamin, Militao, Teresa, Montrond, Gilson, Mullie, Wim, Padget, Oliver, Pearmain, Elizabeth J., Pollet, Ingrid L., Putz, Klemens, Quintana, Flavio, Ratcliffe, Norman, Ronconi, Robert A., Ryan, Peter G., Saldanha, Sarah, Shoji, Akiko, Sim, Jolene, Small, Cleo, Soanes, Louise, Takahashi, Akinori, Trathan, Phil, Trivelpiece, Wayne, Veen, Jan, Wakefield, Ewan, Weber, Nicola, Weber, Sam, Zango, Laura, Daunt, Francis, Ito, Motohiro, Harris, Michael P., Newell, Mark A., Wanless, Sarah, Gonzalez-solis, Jacob, and Croxall, John

Abstract

Knowing the spatial scales at which effective management can be implemented is fundamental for conservation planning. This is especially important for mobile species, which can be exposed to threats across large areas, but the space use requirements of different species can vary to an extent that might render some management approaches inefficient. Here the space use patterns of seabirds were examined to provide guidance on whether conservation management approaches should be tailored for taxonomic groups with different movement characteristics. Seabird tracking data were synthesised from 5419 adult breeding individuals of 52 species in ten families that were collected in the Atlantic Ocean basin between 1998 and 2017. Two key aspects of spatial distribution were quantified, namely how far seabirds ranged from their colony, and to what extent individuals from the same colony used the same areas at sea. There was evidence for substantial differences in patterns of space-use among the ten studied seabird families, indicating that several alternative conservation management approaches are needed. Several species exhibited large foraging ranges and little aggregation at sea, indicating that area-based conservation solutions would have to be extremely large to adequately protect such species. The results highlight that short-ranging and aggregating species such as cormorants, auks, some penguins, and gulls would benefit from conservation approaches at relatively small spatial scales during their breeding season. However, improved regulation of fisheries, bycatch, pollution and other threats over large spatial scales will be needed for wide-ranging and dispersed species such as albatrosses, petrels, storm petrels and frigatebirds.

Published
2018
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