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5. New mycoparasitic species in the genera Niveomyces and Pseudoniveomyces gen. nov. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), with sporothrix-like asexual morphs, from Thailand

Author

Kobmoo, N., Tasanathai, K., Araújo, João P. M., Noisripoom, Wasana, Thanakitpipattana, D., Mongkolsamrit, Suchada, Himaman, Winanda, Houbraken, Jos, Luangsa-ard, Janet Jennifer, Kobmoo, N., Tasanathai, K., Araújo, João P. M., Noisripoom, Wasana, Thanakitpipattana, D., Mongkolsamrit, Suchada, Himaman, Winanda, Houbraken, Jos, and Luangsa-ard, Janet Jennifer

Published
2023

6. Figure 7 from: Mongkolsamrit S, Noisripoom W, Tasanathai K, Kobmoo N, Thanakitpipattana D, Khonsanit A, Petcharad B, Sakolrak B, Himaman W (2022) Comprehensive treatise of Hevansia and three new genera Jenniferia, Parahevansia and Polystromomyces on spiders in Cordycipitaceae from Thailand. MycoKeys 91: 113-149. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.91.83091

Author

Mongkolsamrit, Suchada, primary, Noisripoom, Wasana, additional, Tasanathai, Kanoksri, additional, Kobmoo, Noppol, additional, Thanakitpipattana, Donnaya, additional, Khonsanit, Artit, additional, Petcharad, Booppa, additional, Sakolrak, Baramee, additional, and Himaman, Winanda, additional

Published
2022
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7. Figure 3 from: Mongkolsamrit S, Noisripoom W, Tasanathai K, Kobmoo N, Thanakitpipattana D, Khonsanit A, Petcharad B, Sakolrak B, Himaman W (2022) Comprehensive treatise of Hevansia and three new genera Jenniferia, Parahevansia and Polystromomyces on spiders in Cordycipitaceae from Thailand. MycoKeys 91: 113-149. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.91.83091

Author

Mongkolsamrit, Suchada, primary, Noisripoom, Wasana, additional, Tasanathai, Kanoksri, additional, Kobmoo, Noppol, additional, Thanakitpipattana, Donnaya, additional, Khonsanit, Artit, additional, Petcharad, Booppa, additional, Sakolrak, Baramee, additional, and Himaman, Winanda, additional

Published
2022
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8. Figure 1 from: Mongkolsamrit S, Noisripoom W, Tasanathai K, Kobmoo N, Thanakitpipattana D, Khonsanit A, Petcharad B, Sakolrak B, Himaman W (2022) Comprehensive treatise of Hevansia and three new genera Jenniferia, Parahevansia and Polystromomyces on spiders in Cordycipitaceae from Thailand. MycoKeys 91: 113-149. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.91.83091

Author

Mongkolsamrit, Suchada, primary, Noisripoom, Wasana, additional, Tasanathai, Kanoksri, additional, Kobmoo, Noppol, additional, Thanakitpipattana, Donnaya, additional, Khonsanit, Artit, additional, Petcharad, Booppa, additional, Sakolrak, Baramee, additional, and Himaman, Winanda, additional

Published
2022
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9. Figure 4 from: Mongkolsamrit S, Noisripoom W, Tasanathai K, Kobmoo N, Thanakitpipattana D, Khonsanit A, Petcharad B, Sakolrak B, Himaman W (2022) Comprehensive treatise of Hevansia and three new genera Jenniferia, Parahevansia and Polystromomyces on spiders in Cordycipitaceae from Thailand. MycoKeys 91: 113-149. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.91.83091

Author

Mongkolsamrit, Suchada, primary, Noisripoom, Wasana, additional, Tasanathai, Kanoksri, additional, Kobmoo, Noppol, additional, Thanakitpipattana, Donnaya, additional, Khonsanit, Artit, additional, Petcharad, Booppa, additional, Sakolrak, Baramee, additional, and Himaman, Winanda, additional

Published
2022
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10. Figure 5 from: Mongkolsamrit S, Noisripoom W, Tasanathai K, Kobmoo N, Thanakitpipattana D, Khonsanit A, Petcharad B, Sakolrak B, Himaman W (2022) Comprehensive treatise of Hevansia and three new genera Jenniferia, Parahevansia and Polystromomyces on spiders in Cordycipitaceae from Thailand. MycoKeys 91: 113-149. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.91.83091

Author

Mongkolsamrit, Suchada, primary, Noisripoom, Wasana, additional, Tasanathai, Kanoksri, additional, Kobmoo, Noppol, additional, Thanakitpipattana, Donnaya, additional, Khonsanit, Artit, additional, Petcharad, Booppa, additional, Sakolrak, Baramee, additional, and Himaman, Winanda, additional

Published
2022
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11. Figure 6 from: Mongkolsamrit S, Noisripoom W, Tasanathai K, Kobmoo N, Thanakitpipattana D, Khonsanit A, Petcharad B, Sakolrak B, Himaman W (2022) Comprehensive treatise of Hevansia and three new genera Jenniferia, Parahevansia and Polystromomyces on spiders in Cordycipitaceae from Thailand. MycoKeys 91: 113-149. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.91.83091

Author

Mongkolsamrit, Suchada, primary, Noisripoom, Wasana, additional, Tasanathai, Kanoksri, additional, Kobmoo, Noppol, additional, Thanakitpipattana, Donnaya, additional, Khonsanit, Artit, additional, Petcharad, Booppa, additional, Sakolrak, Baramee, additional, and Himaman, Winanda, additional

Published
2022
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13. Figure 8 from: Mongkolsamrit S, Noisripoom W, Tasanathai K, Kobmoo N, Thanakitpipattana D, Khonsanit A, Petcharad B, Sakolrak B, Himaman W (2022) Comprehensive treatise of Hevansia and three new genera Jenniferia, Parahevansia and Polystromomyces on spiders in Cordycipitaceae from Thailand. MycoKeys 91: 113-149. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.91.83091

Author

Mongkolsamrit, Suchada, primary, Noisripoom, Wasana, additional, Tasanathai, Kanoksri, additional, Kobmoo, Noppol, additional, Thanakitpipattana, Donnaya, additional, Khonsanit, Artit, additional, Petcharad, Booppa, additional, Sakolrak, Baramee, additional, and Himaman, Winanda, additional

Published
2022
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14. Supplementary material 1 from: Mongkolsamrit S, Noisripoom W, Tasanathai K, Kobmoo N, Thanakitpipattana D, Khonsanit A, Petcharad B, Sakolrak B, Himaman W (2022) Comprehensive treatise of Hevansia and three new genera Jenniferia, Parahevansia and Polystromomyces on spiders in Cordycipitaceae from Thailand. MycoKeys 91: 113-149. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.91.83091

Author

Mongkolsamrit, Suchada, primary, Noisripoom, Wasana, additional, Tasanathai, Kanoksri, additional, Kobmoo, Noppol, additional, Thanakitpipattana, Donnaya, additional, Khonsanit, Artit, additional, Petcharad, Booppa, additional, Sakolrak, Baramee, additional, and Himaman, Winanda, additional

Published
2022
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15. Figure 2 from: Mongkolsamrit S, Noisripoom W, Tasanathai K, Kobmoo N, Thanakitpipattana D, Khonsanit A, Petcharad B, Sakolrak B, Himaman W (2022) Comprehensive treatise of Hevansia and three new genera Jenniferia, Parahevansia and Polystromomyces on spiders in Cordycipitaceae from Thailand. MycoKeys 91: 113-149. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.91.83091

Author

Mongkolsamrit, Suchada, primary, Noisripoom, Wasana, additional, Tasanathai, Kanoksri, additional, Kobmoo, Noppol, additional, Thanakitpipattana, Donnaya, additional, Khonsanit, Artit, additional, Petcharad, Booppa, additional, Sakolrak, Baramee, additional, and Himaman, Winanda, additional

Published
2022
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18. Fungal Planet 953 – 18 December 2019

Author

Crous, P.W., Wingfield, M.J., Lombard, L., Roets, F., Swart, W.J., Alvarado, P., Carnegie, A.J., Moreno, G., Luangsaard, J., Thangavel, R., Alexandrova, A.V., Baseia, I.G., Bellanger, J.-M., Bessette, A.E., Bessette, A.R., De la Peña-Lastra, S., García, D., Gené, J., Pham, T.H.G., Heykoop, M., Malysheva, E., Malysheva, V., Martín, M.P., Morozova, O.V., Noisripoom, W., Overton, B.E., Rea, A.E., Sewall, B.J., Smith, M.E., Smyth, C.W., Tasanathai, K., Visagie, C.M., Adamčík, S., Alves, A., Andrade, J.P., Aninat, M.J., Araújo, R.V.B., Bordallo, J.J., Boufleur, T., Baroncelli, R., Barreto, R.W., Bolin, J., Cabero, J., Caboň, M., Cafà, G., Caffot, M.L.H., Cai, L., Carlavilla, J.R., Chávez, R., de Castro, R.R.L., Delgat, L., Deschuyteneer, D., Dios, M.M., Domínguez, L.S., Evans, H.C., Eyssartier, G., Ferreira, B.W., Figueiredo, C.N., Liu, F., Fournier, J., Galli-Terasawa, L.V., Gil-Durán, C., Glienke, C., Gonçalves, M.F.M., Gryta, H., Guarro, J., Himaman, W., Hywel-Jones, N., Iturrieta-González, I., Ivanushkina, N.E., Jargeat, P., Khalid, A.N., Khan, J., Kiran, M., Kiss, L., Kochkina, G.A., Kolařík, M., Kubátová, A., Lodge, D.J., Loizides, M., Luque, D., Manjón, J.L., Marbach, P.A.S., Massola, N.S., Mata, M., Miller, A.N., Mongkolsamrit, S., Moreau, P.-A., Morte, A., Mujic, A., Navarro-Ródenas, A., Németh, M.Z., Nóbrega, T.F., Nováková, A., Olariaga, I., Ozerskaya, S.M., Palma, M.A., Petters-Vandresen, D.A.L., Piontelli, E., Popov, E.S., Rodríguez, A., Requejo, Ó., Rodrigues, A.C.M., Rong, I.H., Roux, J., Seifert, K.A., Silva, B.D.B., Sklenář, F., Smith, J.A., Sousa, J.O., Souza, H.G., De Souza, J.T., Švec, K., Tanchaud, P., Tanney, J.B., Terasawa, F., Thanakitpipattana, D., Torres-Garcia, D., Vaca, I., Vaghefi, N., van Iperen, A.L., Vasilenko, O.V., Verbeken, A., Yilmaz, N., Zamora, J.C., Zapata, M., Jurjević, Ž., Groenewald, J.Z., Crous, Pedro W., van Iperen, Arien L., Groenewald, Johannes Z., Thangavel, Raja, Carnegie, Angus J., Wingfield, Michael J., Roux, Jolanda, Jurjević, Željko, Roets, Francois, Swart, Wijnand J., Smith, Jason A., Lombard, Lorenzo, Moreno, Gabriel, Carlavilla, Juan Ramón, Manjón, José Luis, Bellanger, Jean-Michel, Olariaga, Ibai, Giang, Pham Thi Ha, Alexandrova, Alina V., Morozova, Olga V., Rodrigues, Ana C.M., Baseia, Iuri G., Martín, María P., De la Peña-Lastra, Saúl, Alvarado, Pablo, Requejo, Óscar, Tanchaud, Patrice, Eyssartier, Guillaume, Jargeat, Patricia, Gryta, Hervé, Gil-Durán, Carlos, Chávez, Renato, Vaca, Inmaculada, Loizides, Michael, Moreau, Pierre-Arthur, Zapata, Mario, Palma, María Antonieta, Aninat, María José, Piontelli, Eduardo, Luangsa-ard, Jennifer, Tasanathai, Kanoksri, Noisripoom, Wasana, Hywel-Jones, Nigel, Mongkolsamrit, Suchada, Luangsa-ard, Janet Jennifer, Himaman, Winanda, Garcia, Daniel Torres, Guarro, Josep, Gené, Josepa, Petters-Vandresen, Desirrê Alexia Lourenço, Galli-Terasawa, Lygia Vitória, Terasawa, Francisco, Glienke, Chirlei, Araújo, Ruane V.B., Silva, Bianca D.B., Sousa, Julieth O., Zamora, Juan Carlos, Dios, Maria Martha, Caffot, María Luciana Hernández, Domínguez, Laura S., Kiss, Levente, Vaghefi, Niloofar, Németh, Márk Z., Miller, Andrew N., Fournier, Jacques, Nóbrega, Thaisa F., Ferreira, Bruno W., Barreto, Robert W., Evans, Harry C., Delgat, Lynn, Verbeken, Annemieke, Lodge, D. Jean, Thanakitpipattana, Donnaya, Visagie, Cobus M., Rong, Isabel H., Andrade, Jackeline Pereira, Marbach, Phellippe Arthur Santos, De Souza, Jorge Teodoro, Malysheva, Ekaterina, Malysheva, Vera, Deschuyteneer, Daniel, Heykoop, Michel, Mata, Milagro, Rea, Abigail E., Smyth, Christopher W., Overton, Barrie E., Sewall, Brent J., Smith, Matthew E., Mujic, Alija, Bolin, Jason, Bessette, Arleen, Bessette, Alan, Kiran, Munazza, Khalid, Abdul Nasir, Khan, Junaid, Adamčík, Slavomír, Caboň, Miroslav, Liu, Fang, Cai, Lei, Tanney, Joey B., Seifert, Keith A., Baroncelli, Riccardo, Cafà, Giovanni, de Castro, Renata Rebellato Linhares, Boufleur, Thais, Junior, Nelson Sidnei Massola, Yilmaz, Neriman, Nováková, Alena, Švec, Karel, Sklenář, František, Kolařík, Miroslav, Kubátová, Alena, Rodríguez, Antonio, Navarro-Ródenas, Alfonso, Morte, Asunción, Cabero, Julio, Luque, Diego, Gonçalves, Micael F.M., Alves, Artur, Bordallo, Juan Julián, Pham, Thi Ha Giang, Popov, Eugene S., Iturrieta-González, Isabel, García, Dania, Ivanushkina, Nataliya E., Kochkina, Galina A., Vasilenko, Oleg V., and Ozerskaya, Svetlana M.

Subjects
ITS nrDNA barcodes, LSU, Fungal Planet description sheets, systematics, new taxa, Research Article
Abstract

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antarctica, Apenidiella antarctica from permafrost, Cladosporium fildesense from an unidentified marine sponge. Argentina, Geastrum wrightii on humus in mixed forest. Australia, Golovinomyces glandulariae on Glandularia aristigera, Neoanungitea eucalyptorum on leaves of Eucalyptus grandis, Teratosphaeria corymbiicola on leaves of Corymbia ficifolia, Xylaria eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus radiata. Brazil, Bovista psammophila on soil, Fusarium awaxy on rotten stalks of Zea mays, Geastrum lanuginosum on leaf litter covered soil, Hermetothecium mikaniae-micranthae (incl. Hermetothecium gen. nov.) on Mikania micrantha, Penicillium reconvexovelosoi in soil, Stagonosporopsis vannaccii from pod of Glycine max. British Virgin Isles, Lactifluus guanensis on soil. Canada, Sorocybe oblongispora on resin of Picea rubens. Chile, Colletotrichum roseum on leaves of Lapageria rosea. China, Setophoma caverna from carbonatite in Karst cave. Colombia, Lareunionomyces eucalypticola on leaves of Eucalyptus grandis. Costa Rica, Psathyrella pivae on wood. Cyprus, Clavulina iris on calcareous substrate. France, Chromosera ambigua and Clavulina iris var. occidentalis on soil. French West Indies, Helminthosphaeria hispidissima on dead wood. Guatemala, Talaromyces guatemalensis in soil. Malaysia, Neotracylla pini (incl. Tracyllales ord. nov. and Neotracylla gen. nov.) and Vermiculariopsiella pini on needles of Pinus tecunumanii. New Zealand, Neoconiothyrium viticola on stems of Vitis vinifera, Parafenestella pittospori on Pittosporum tenuifolium, Pilidium novae-zelandiae on Phoenix sp. Pakistan, Russula quercus-floribundae on forest floor. Portugal, Trichoderma aestuarinum from saline water. Russia, Pluteus liliputianus on fallen branch of deciduous tree, Pluteus spurius on decaying deciduous wood or soil. South Africa, Alloconiothyrium encephalarti, Phyllosticta encephalarticola and Neothyrostroma encephalarti (incl. Neothyrostroma gen. nov.) on leaves of Encephalartos sp., Chalara eucalypticola on leaf spots of Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla, Clypeosphaeria oleae on leaves of Olea capensis, Cylindrocladiella postalofficium on leaf litter of Sideroxylon inerme, Cylindromonium eugeniicola (incl. Cylindromonium gen. nov.) on leaf litter of Eugenia capensis, Cyphellophora goniomatis on leaves of Gonioma kamassi, Nothodactylaria nephrolepidis (incl. Nothodactylaria gen. nov. and Nothodactylariaceae fam. nov.) on leaves of Nephrolepis exaltata, Falcocladium eucalypti and Gyrothrix eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Gyrothrix oleae on leaves of Olea capensis subsp. macrocarpa, Harzia metrosideri on leaf litter of Metrosideros sp., Hippopotamyces phragmitis (incl. Hippopotamyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Phragmites australis, Lectera philenopterae on Philenoptera violacea, Leptosillia mayteni on leaves of Maytenus heterophylla, Lithohypha aloicola and Neoplatysporoides aloes on leaves of Aloe sp., Millesimomyces rhoicissi (incl. Millesimomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Rhoicissus digitata, Neodevriesia strelitziicola on leaf litter of Strelitzia nicolai, Neokirramyces syzygii (incl. Neokirramyces gen. nov.) on leaf spots of Syzygium sp., Nothoramichloridium perseae (incl. Nothoramichloridium gen. nov. and Anungitiomycetaceae fam. nov.) on leaves of Persea americana, Paramycosphaerella watsoniae on leaf spots of Watsonia sp., Penicillium cuddlyae from dog food, Podocarpomyces knysnanus (incl. Podocarpomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Podocarpus falcatus, Pseudocercospora heteropyxidicola on leaf spots of Heteropyxis natalensis, Pseudopenidiella podocarpi, Scolecobasidium podocarpi and Ceramothyrium podocarpicola on leaves of Podocarpus latifolius, Scolecobasidium blechni on leaves of Blechnum capense, Stomiopeltis syzygii on leaves of Syzygium chordatum, Strelitziomyces knysnanus (incl. Strelitziomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Strelitzia alba, Talaromyces clemensii from rotting wood in goldmine, Verrucocladosporium visseri on Carpobrotus edulis. Spain, Boletopsis mediterraneensis on soil, Calycina cortegadensisi on a living twig of Castanea sativa, Emmonsiellopsis tuberculata in fluvial sediments, Mollisia cortegadensis on dead attached twig of Quercus robur, Psathyrella ovispora on soil, Pseudobeltrania lauri on leaf litter of Laurus azorica, Terfezia dunensis in soil, Tuber lucentum in soil, Venturia submersa on submerged plant debris. Thailand, Cordyceps jakajanicola on cicada nymph, Cordyceps kuiburiensis on spider, Distoseptispora caricis on leaves of Carex sp., Ophiocordyceps khonkaenensis on cicada nymph. USA, Cytosporella juncicola and Davidiellomyces juncicola on culms of Juncus effusus, Monochaetia massachusettsianum from air sample, Neohelicomyces melaleucae and Periconia neobrittanica on leaves of Melaleuca styphelioides × lanceolata, Pseudocamarosporium eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Pseudogymnoascus lindneri from sediment in a mine, Pseudogymnoascus turneri from sediment in a railroad tunnel, Pulchroboletus sclerotiorum on soil, Zygosporium pseudomasonii on leaf of Serenoa repens. Vietnam, Boletus candidissimus and Veloporphyrellus vulpinus on soil. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.

Published
2019

19. Comprehensive treatise of Hevansia and three new genera Jenniferia, Parahevansia and Polystromomyces on spiders in Cordycipitaceae from Thailand.

Author

Mongkolsamrit, Suchada, Noisripoom, Wasana, Tasanathai, Kanoksri, Kobmoo, Noppol, Thanakitpipattana, Donnaya, Khonsanit, Artit, Petcharad, Booppa, Sakolrak, Baramee, and Himaman, Winanda

Subjects
SPIDERS, PATHOGENIC fungi, ASCOSPORES, SPECIES
Abstract

Collections of pathogenic fungi found on spiders from Thailand were selected for a detailed taxonomic study. Morphological comparison and phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS, LSU, tef1, rpb1 and rpb2 sequence data indicated that these specimens formed new independent lineages within the Cordycipitaceae, containing two new genera occurring on spiders, i.e. Jenniferia gen. nov. and Polystromomyces gen. nov. Two new species in Jenniferia, J. griseocinerea sp. nov. and J. thomisidarum sp. nov., are described. Two strains, NHJ 03510 and BCC 2191, initially named as Akanthomyces cinereus (Hevansia cinerea), were shown to be part of Jenniferia. By including sequences of putative Hevansia species from GenBank, we also revealed Parahevansia as a new genus with the ex-type strain NHJ 666.01 of Pa. koratensis, accommodating specimens previously named as Akanthomyces koratensis (Hevansia koratensis). One species of Polystromomyces, Po. araneae sp. nov., is described. We established an asexual-sexual morph connection for Hevansia novoguineensis (Cordycipitaceae) with ex-type CBS 610.80 and proposed a new species, H. minuta sp. nov. Based on characteristics of the sexual morph, Hevansia and Polystromomyces share phenotypic traits by producing stipitate ascoma with fertile terminal heads; however, they differ in the shape and colour of the stipes. Meanwhile, Jenniferia produces non-stipitate ascoma with aggregated superficial perithecia forming a cushion. A new morphology of ascospores in Jenniferia is described, illustrated and compared with other species in Cordycipitaceae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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20. Behavioral mechanisms and morphological symptoms of zombie ants dying from fungal infection

Author

Himaman Winanda, Hywel-Jones Nigel L, Andersen Sandra B, Hughes David P, Billen Johan, and Boomsma Jacobus J

Subjects
extended phenotype, behavioral manipulation, ants, fungi, convergent evolution, parasites, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Abstract Background Parasites that manipulate host behavior can provide prominent examples of extended phenotypes: parasite genomes controlling host behavior. Here we focus on one of the most dramatic examples of behavioral manipulation, the death grip of ants infected by Ophiocordyceps fungi. We studied the interaction between O. unilateralis s.l. and its host ant Camponotus leonardi in a Thai rainforest, where infected ants descend from their canopy nests down to understory vegetation to bite into abaxial leaf veins before dying. Host mortality is concentrated in patches (graveyards) where ants die on sapling leaves ca. 25 cm above the soil surface where conditions for parasite development are optimal. Here we address whether the sequence of ant behaviors leading to the final death grip can also be interpreted as parasite adaptations and describe some of the morphological changes inside the heads of infected workers that mediate the expression of the death grip phenotype. Results We found that infected ants behave as zombies and display predictable stereotypical behaviors of random rather than directional walking, and of repeated convulsions that make them fall down and thus precludes returning to the canopy. Transitions from erratic wandering to death grips on a leaf vein were abrupt and synchronized around solar noon. We show that the mandibles of ants penetrate deeply into vein tissue and that this is accompanied by extensive atrophy of the mandibular muscles. This lock-jaw means the ant will remain attached to the leaf after death. We further present histological data to show that a high density of single celled stages of the parasite within the head capsule of dying ants are likely to be responsible for this muscular atrophy. Conclusions Extended phenotypes in ants induced by fungal infections are a complex example of behavioral manipulation requiring coordinated changes of host behavior and morphology. Future work should address the genetic basis of such extended phenotypes.

Published
2011
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23. Behavioral mechanisms and morphological symptoms of zombie ants dying from fungal infection

Author

Hughes, David P, Andersen, Sandra B, Hywel-Jones, Nigel L, Himaman, Winanda, Billen, Johan, Boomsma, Jacobus J, Hughes, David P, Andersen, Sandra B, Hywel-Jones, Nigel L, Himaman, Winanda, Billen, Johan, and Boomsma, Jacobus J

Abstract

Parasites that manipulate host behavior can provide prominent examples of extended phenotypes: parasite genomes controlling host behavior. Here we focus on one of the most dramatic examples of behavioral manipulation, the death grip of ants infected by Ophiocordyceps fungi. We studied the interaction between O. unilateralis s.l. and its host ant Camponotus leonardi in a Thai rainforest, where infected ants descend from their canopy nests down to understory vegetation to bite into abaxial leaf veins before dying. Host mortality is concentrated in patches (graveyards) where ants die on sapling leaves ca. 25 cm above the soil surface where conditions for parasite development are optimal. Here we address whether the sequence of ant behaviors leading to the final death grip can also be interpreted as parasite adaptations and describe some of the morphological changes inside the heads of infected workers that mediate the expression of the death grip phenotype.

Published
2011

24. Graveyards on the Move: The Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Dead Ophiocordyceps-Infected Ants

Author

Pontoppidan, Maj-Britt, Himaman, Winanda, Hywel-Jones, Nigel L., Boomsma, Jacobus Jan, Hughes, David Peter, Pontoppidan, Maj-Britt, Himaman, Winanda, Hywel-Jones, Nigel L., Boomsma, Jacobus Jan, and Hughes, David Peter

Abstract

Udgivelsesdato: March 2009, Parasites are likely to play an important role in structuring host populations. Many adaptively manipulate host behaviour, so that the extended phenotypes of these parasites and their distributions in space and time are potentially important ecological variables. The fungus Ophiocordyceps unilateralis, which is pan-tropical in distribution, causes infected worker ants to leave their nest and die under leaves in the understory of tropical rainforests. Working in a forest dynamic plot in Southern Thailand we mapped the occurrence of these dead ants by examining every leaf in 1,360 m2 of primary rainforest. We established that high density aggregations exist (up to 26 dead ants/m2), which we coined graveyards. We further established that graveyards are patchily distributed in a landscape with no or very few O. unilateralis-killed ants. At some, but not all, spatial scales of analysis the density of dead ants correlated with temperature, humidity and vegetation cover. Remarkably, having found 2243 dead ants inside graveyards we only found 2 live ants of the principal host, ant Camponotus leonardi, suggesting that foraging host ants actively avoid graveyards. We discovered that the principal host ant builds nests in high canopy and its trails only occasionally descend to the forest floor where infection occurs. We advance the hypothesis that rare descents may be a function of limited canopy access to tree crowns and that resource profitability of such trees is potentially traded off against the risk of losing workers due to infection when forest floor trails are the only access routes. Our work underscores the need for an integrative approach that recognises multiple facets of parasitism, such as their extended phenotypes.

Published
2009

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