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This section presents law enforcement abstracts.

The section presents technical abstracts and updates of issues related to police science as of September 1968. A method for the separation and identification of the alkaloids of Strychnos nux vomica L. by the use of silica gel or alumina columns and their layer plates is described by researchers G.B. Marini-Bettolo et al, published in the January 1968 issue of the Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Infrared spectra of 141 highly purified acyclic, monocyclic, and bicyclic terpene alcohols, their reduced derivatives, and related compounds are presented by researchers V. J. Mancini et al in their study published in the January-February 1968 issue of the journal Applied Spectroscopy. In the study, New Electronic Flash For Infrared (IR), by M. Frei-Sulzer and A. Jotti, published in the January 1968 issue of the journal Kriminalistik, the authors have considered the advantages and disadvantages of currently available options for night-time surveillance photography by infrared. The authors' laboratory therefore developed a special IR electronic flash unit designed to eliminate these shortcomings. This unit, which will be produced by a German firm Firma Impuls-Physik, GmbH under the name LODIF, is said to have the advantage of longer reach with telephoto lenses, shorter exposures, is fully automatic and can be elec-tronically triggered from a distance.

This article presents abstracts of a number of researches on police science. An experimentation, as reported in the "Problems and Advantages of Test Firing Weapons into Water," by Lowell W. Bradford in 1966 issue of the "Journal of the Forensic Science Society" shows that breakdown of lead and soft nose bullets can be minimized by using a powder load which will not exceed a velocity of 1800 feet per minute. The theory and design of pyrolyzers as well as a listing of its use in criminalistics is discussed. Included in the uses are drugs, plastics, paint, wood, plant material, bacteria and hair. The study entitled "The Significance of Chronic Heart Disease, Fatty Liver and Consumption of Barbiturate and Librium on the Tolerance to Ethyl Alcohol, as Judged in a Postmortem Series," by Tom Saldeen and Orien Johansson," published in the "Journal of Forensic Sciences," reported that in a series of 5,100 medico-legal cases, intoxication with alcohol caused causes death in 82 cases. The concentration of alcohol in blood seldom reached high values and deaths from intoxication with alcohol alone therefore appeared to be rare. Other researches deals with the identification from a bite mark in cheese, forgeries in fingerprints and paint flake preparation.

This section presents technical abstracts on police science. In the article, Cleaning, Overhauling and Securing the Fire Scene by C. P. Hill, firemen are cautioned to determine the point of origin of a fire before starting any clean-up of the premises. Once the origin has been established, clean-up can proceed outside of this area. Suggestions are made as to necessary observations and their interpretation. The article, The Shape of the Future by R. Applegate, discussed a variety of ammunition available for the Smith and Wesson Mercox dart projectile gun. The basic propellant is the .22 blank, stud driver cartridge. Darts are available as follows: training dart, tear gas dart hypodermic syringe projectile, dye marker dart, explosive projectile and time delay projectile. Three velocities are possible by means of a selector switch on the gun frame. The article, Electric Wire Identification by B. Gibson, focused on surface striations and matching cut ends. Establishing the Point of Origin and Determining the Cause by W. R. Wetherington, discussed the location and importance of the point or points of origin of a fire. Careful observations of the char, the floor and structural members will assist in locating the origin of a fire. Where total destruction occurs, persons familiar with the building can aid in reconstruction. After the point of origin has been determined, evidence of cause, accelerants, shorts, can be sought.

Present abstracts of several publications related to criminology and criminal law. "Is it Possible to Determine Which Hand a Thumb Print Belongs," by Dewan K. S. Puri; "Analysis of Solvents in Lacquers by a Sealed-Capillary Gas Chromatographic Technique," by J. A. Hudy; "Pyrolysis Reaction Gas Chromatography," by Morton Beroza and Raylene A. Coad.

This article provides abstracts of articles on police science. The report Determination of Diphenhydramine and Certain Related Compounds by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry by Jack F. Wallace, John D. Biggs and Elmer V. Dahl proposes a spectrophotometric method of analysis for di-phenhydramine (Benadryl), [2-(benzohydryloxy)-N, N-dimethylethylamine hydrochloride], bromodiphenyehydramine (Ambodryl), and diphen-ylpyraline (Diafen) in biological materials. The article The Use of Dentistry by Law Enforcement Agencies by L. L. l.untz, states that the Teeth are often available when all other means of personal identification are destroyed. The author suggests the proper procedure for comparing ante-mortem and post-mortem dental charts. In Motorcycle Headlight: On or Off at Time of Accident? by A. Schoentag, traffic accidents occurring during darkness it sometimes becomes critical to determine whether the vehicle lights were on or off. Previous articles by the author have dealt with the examination of lamps and filaments when the lamps were shattered by the collision impact. In this article he discusses the conclusions that can be made on the basis of the lamp and filament condition of intact bulbs.

The article presents several abstracts and notes related to political science. In the article "A Microscopic Examination of a Small Arms Propellant," by J. B. Quinlan, published in the May-June 1965 issue of the periodical "The Microscope," it is stated that by measuring the penetration of deterrents into the periphery of powder grain sections, batches might be differentiated. Carbol-fuchsin or crystal violet can be used as staining agents. In the article "X-Ray Quantitative Analysis by an Emission-Transmission Method," by Jean LeRoux and Mazhar Mahmud, published in the January 1966 issue of the periodical "Analytical Chemistry," the method described is applicable to any type of sample if the element to be tested is homogeneously dispersed in the sample, and the sample does not absorb too much of the analyzed radiation. It describes theory and condition involved. In the article "The Diagnosis of Death From Intravenous Narcotism," by Henry Siegel, Milton Helpern, and Theodore Ehrenreich, published in the January 1966 issue of "Journal of Forensic Sciences," it is discussed that a presumptive diagnosis of death from intravenous narcotism can be made in many cases at the scene where the body is found.

This article presents abstracts of several research studies on political science. The article A Model Forgery, by D. K. S. Puri characterizes forgery by slow, drawn movements, contains retouchings, pen pauses, pen-lifts, blunt terminals, right down slant, and concave alignment. The Means of Interrogation, by G. H. Hatherill gives a general discussion with suggestions on the proper conduct of an interrogation. Moreover, in the article Procedures for the Systematic Identification of Peaks in Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Analysis by R. C. Crippen and C. E. Smith, in order to determine the exact identity of a compound, suitable derivatives may be prepared and chromatographed. Auxiliary detection systems may also be used. The isolated sample may be collected and examined. In the article Criminal Road Conduct, those persons persons committing serious traffic offences need to be given greater attention. Hazardous driving may be performed by an unusually anti-social group. It is suggested that judges examine non-motoring criminal records at the time of sentencing. The article A Scientific Look at Typewriter Ribbon Inks discusses that thin layer chromatography is recommended for analysis and identification of typewriter ribbon inks.

This section presents abstracts of several articles on police science. Science and Law Enforcement Partners in Progress, by Marlin W. Johnson, which appeared in the April 1965 issue of the Journal of Forensic Sciences, dealt with effective ways to combat crime in the modern times. The use of the skills of the forensic scientist by law enforcement is not only desirable, but an absolute necessity. The basic goals of the law enforcement officer conducting a criminal investigation and of the forensic scientist examining evidence are identical to determine the true facts regarding a given situation. In the article Multiple Causes of Death: The Viewpoint of a Forensic Pathologist, which appeared in the April 1965 issue of the Journal of Forensic Sciences, Charles S. Petty discussed theories and experiences in the field of forensic pathology. Multiple causes of death as listed on death certificates are of two general types. Parallel, that is two or more unrelated but simultaneously acting causes. Series, that is two or more related factors resulting in death. The death certificate is better designed to accommodate the latter because of the World Health Organization rules for the classification of causes of death and the prediction of death certificate design on the rules of classification.

This article presents several police science technical abstracts. The Railroad Police article by Thomas F. Coon published in the January 1965 issue of The Bulletin, surveys the activity and the legislative background under which the railroad police operate. The article Tranquilizer Guns-Potential Law Enforcement Equipment by Gustave Ullrich and Irving C. Hansen published in the same periodical of the same issue, describe tranquilizer or knock-out pellets which had been experimented with by various police departments. They describe the usefulness of these weapons in subduing, without bodily harm, suspects who are temporarily berserk. The article Essex Will Film Drinking Driver by Milton Honig featured in December 18, 1965 issue of The New York Times, on the other hand, featured news item describes the use of motion picture cameras while testing coordination of suspected drunken drivers by the Essex County, New Jersey, Police. In addition, the June-July 1964 and August-September 1964 issue of the International Criminal Police Review, presents an extensive discussion on data processing techniques. Basic principles, the use of computers in police work, and record consultation in crime prevention and law enforcement are discussed in the first section.