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1. Observation of disorder-free localization and efficient disorder averaging on a quantum processor

Author

Gyawali, Gaurav, Cochran, Tyler, Lensky, Yuri, Rosenberg, Eliott, Karamlou, Amir H., Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Berndtsson, Julia, Westerhout, Tom, Asfaw, Abraham, Abanin, Dmitry, Acharya, Rajeev, Beni, Laleh Aghababaie, Andersen, Trond I., Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Astrakhantsev, Nikita, Atalaya, Juan, Babbush, Ryan, Ballard, Brian, Bardin, Joseph C., Bengtsson, Andreas, Bilmes, Alexander, Bortoli, Gina, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Browne, David A., Buchea, Brett, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Cabrera, Anthony, Campero, Juan, Chang, Hung-Shen, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Ben, Claes, Jahan, Cleland, Agnetta Y., Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander L., Das, Sayan, Debroy, Dripto M., De Lorenzo, Laura, Barba, Alexander Del Toro, Demura, Sean, Di Paolo, Agustin, Donohoe, Paul, Drozdov, Ilya, Dunsworth, Andrew, Earle, Clint, Eickbusch, Alec, Elbag, Aviv Moshe, Elzouka, Mahmoud, Erickson, Catherine, Faoro, Lara, Fatemi, Reza, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Ganjam, Suhas, Gasca, Robert, Giang, William, Gidney, Craig, Gilboa, Dar, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Graumann, Dietrich, Greene, Alex, Gross, Jonathan A., Habegger, Steve, Hamilton, Michael C., Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Heslin, Stephen, Heu, Paula, Hill, Gordon, Hilton, Jeremy, Hoffmann, Markus R., Huang, Hsin-Yuan, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Ioffe, Lev B., Isakov, Sergei V., Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Jordan, Stephen, Joshi, Chaitali, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, Dvir, Kang, Hui, Khaire, Trupti, Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kieferová, Mária, Kim, Seon, Klimov, Paul V., Klots, Andrey R., Kobrin, Bryce, Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Kurilovich, Vladislav D., Landhuis, David, Lange-Dei, Tiano, Langley, Brandon W., Laptev, Pavel, Lau, Kim-Ming, Guevel, Loïck Le, Ledford, Justin, Lee, Joonho, Lee, Kenny, Lester, Brian J., Li, Wing Yan, Lill, Alexander T., Liu, Wayne, Livingston, William P., Locharla, Aditya, Lundahl, Daniel, Lunt, Aaron, Madhuk, Sid, Maloney, Ashley, Mandrà, Salvatore, Martin, Leigh S., Martin, Steven, Martin, Orion, Maxfield, Cameron, McClean, Jarrod R., McEwen, Matt, Meeks, Seneca, Megrant, Anthony, Mi, Xiao, Miao, Kevin C., Mieszala, Amanda, Molina, Sebastian, Montazeri, Shirin, Morvan, Alexis, Movassagh, Ramis, Neill, Charles, Nersisyan, Ani, Newman, Michael, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Ni, Chia-Hung, Niu, Murphy Yuezhen, Oliver, William D., Ottosson, Kristoffer, Pizzuto, Alex, Potter, Rebecca, Pritchard, Orion, Pryadko, Leonid P., Quintana, Chris, Reagor, Matthew J., Rhodes, David M., Roberts, Gabrielle, Rocque, Charles, Rubin, Nicholas C., Saei, Negar, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin J., Schurkus, Henry F., Schuster, Christopher, Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vladimir, Sivak, Volodymyr, Skruzny, Jindra, Small, Spencer, Smith, W. Clarke, Springer, Sofia, Sterling, George, Suchard, Jordan, Szalay, Marco, Szasz, Aaron, Sztein, Alex, Thor, Douglas, Torunbalci, M. Mert, Vaishnav, Abeer, Vdovichev, Sergey, Vidal, Guifré, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, Waltman, Steven, Wang, Shannon X., White, Theodore, Wong, Kristi, Woo, Bryan W. K., Xing, Cheng, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Ying, Bicheng, Yoo, Juhwan, Yosri, Noureldin, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhang, Yaxing, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zobrist, Nicholas, Boixo, Sergio, Kelly, Julian, Lucero, Erik, Chen, Yu, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Neven, Hartmut, Kovrizhin, Dmitry, Knolle, Johannes, Halimeh, Jad C., Aleiner, Igor, Moessner, Roderich, and Roushan, Pedram

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

One of the most challenging problems in the computational study of localization in quantum manybody systems is to capture the effects of rare events, which requires sampling over exponentially many disorder realizations. We implement an efficient procedure on a quantum processor, leveraging quantum parallelism, to efficiently sample over all disorder realizations. We observe localization without disorder in quantum many-body dynamics in one and two dimensions: perturbations do not diffuse even though both the generator of evolution and the initial states are fully translationally invariant. The disorder strength as well as its density can be readily tuned using the initial state. Furthermore, we demonstrate the versatility of our platform by measuring Renyi entropies. Our method could also be extended to higher moments of the physical observables and disorder learning.

Published
2024

2. Quantum error correction below the surface code threshold

Author

Acharya, Rajeev, Aghababaie-Beni, Laleh, Aleiner, Igor, Andersen, Trond I., Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Astrakhantsev, Nikita, Atalaya, Juan, Babbush, Ryan, Bacon, Dave, Ballard, Brian, Bardin, Joseph C., Bausch, Johannes, Bengtsson, Andreas, Bilmes, Alexander, Blackwell, Sam, Boixo, Sergio, Bortoli, Gina, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Browne, David A., Buchea, Brett, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Cabrera, Anthony, Campero, Juan, Chang, Hung-Shen, Chen, Yu, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Ben, Chik, Desmond, Chou, Charina, Claes, Jahan, Cleland, Agnetta Y., Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander L., Curtin, Ben, Das, Sayan, Davies, Alex, De Lorenzo, Laura, Debroy, Dripto M., Demura, Sean, Devoret, Michel, Di Paolo, Agustin, Donohoe, Paul, Drozdov, Ilya, Dunsworth, Andrew, Earle, Clint, Edlich, Thomas, Eickbusch, Alec, Elbag, Aviv Moshe, Elzouka, Mahmoud, Erickson, Catherine, Faoro, Lara, Farhi, Edward, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Ganjam, Suhas, Garcia, Gonzalo, Gasca, Robert, Genois, Élie, Giang, William, Gidney, Craig, Gilboa, Dar, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Graumann, Dietrich, Greene, Alex, Gross, Jonathan A., Habegger, Steve, Hall, John, Hamilton, Michael C., Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Heras, Francisco J. H., Heslin, Stephen, Heu, Paula, Higgott, Oscar, Hill, Gordon, Hilton, Jeremy, Holland, George, Hong, Sabrina, Huang, Hsin-Yuan, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Ioffe, Lev B., Isakov, Sergei V., Iveland, Justin, Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Jordan, Stephen, Joshi, Chaitali, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, Dvir, Kang, Hui, Karamlou, Amir H., Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Kelly, Julian, Khaire, Trupti, Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kim, Seon, Klimov, Paul V., Klots, Andrey R., Kobrin, Bryce, Kohli, Pushmeet, Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kothari, Robin, Kozlovskii, Borislav, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Kurilovich, Vladislav D., Lacroix, Nathan, Landhuis, David, Lange-Dei, Tiano, Langley, Brandon W., Laptev, Pavel, Lau, Kim-Ming, Guevel, Loïck Le, Ledford, Justin, Lee, Kenny, Lensky, Yuri D., Leon, Shannon, Lester, Brian J., Li, Wing Yan, Li, Yin, Lill, Alexander T., Liu, Wayne, Livingston, William P., Locharla, Aditya, Lucero, Erik, Lundahl, Daniel, Lunt, Aaron, Madhuk, Sid, Malone, Fionn D., Maloney, Ashley, Mandrá, Salvatore, Martin, Leigh S., Martin, Steven, Martin, Orion, Maxfield, Cameron, McClean, Jarrod R., McEwen, Matt, Meeks, Seneca, Megrant, Anthony, Mi, Xiao, Miao, Kevin C., Mieszala, Amanda, Molavi, Reza, Molina, Sebastian, Montazeri, Shirin, Morvan, Alexis, Movassagh, Ramis, Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech, Naaman, Ofer, Neeley, Matthew, Neill, Charles, Nersisyan, Ani, Neven, Hartmut, Newman, Michael, Ng, Jiun How, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Ni, Chia-Hung, O'Brien, Thomas E., Oliver, William D., Opremcak, Alex, Ottosson, Kristoffer, Petukhov, Andre, Pizzuto, Alex, Platt, John, Potter, Rebecca, Pritchard, Orion, Pryadko, Leonid P., Quintana, Chris, Ramachandran, Ganesh, Reagor, Matthew J., Rhodes, David M., Roberts, Gabrielle, Rosenberg, Eliott, Rosenfeld, Emma, Roushan, Pedram, Rubin, Nicholas C., Saei, Negar, Sank, Daniel, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin J., Schurkus, Henry F., Schuster, Christopher, Senior, Andrew W., Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vladimir, Singh, Shraddha, Sivak, Volodymyr, Skruzny, Jindra, Small, Spencer, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Smith, W. Clarke, Somma, Rolando D., Springer, Sofia, Sterling, George, Strain, Doug, Suchard, Jordan, Szasz, Aaron, Sztein, Alex, Thor, Douglas, Torres, Alfredo, Torunbalci, M. Mert, Vaishnav, Abeer, Vargas, Justin, Vdovichev, Sergey, Vidal, Guifre, Villalonga, Benjamin, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, Waltman, Steven, Wang, Shannon X., Ware, Brayden, Weber, Kate, White, Theodore, Wong, Kristi, Woo, Bryan W. K., Xing, Cheng, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Ying, Bicheng, Yoo, Juhwan, Yosri, Noureldin, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhang, Yaxing, Zhu, Ningfeng, and Zobrist, Nicholas

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Quantum error correction provides a path to reach practical quantum computing by combining multiple physical qubits into a logical qubit, where the logical error rate is suppressed exponentially as more qubits are added. However, this exponential suppression only occurs if the physical error rate is below a critical threshold. In this work, we present two surface code memories operating below this threshold: a distance-7 code and a distance-5 code integrated with a real-time decoder. The logical error rate of our larger quantum memory is suppressed by a factor of $\Lambda$ = 2.14 $\pm$ 0.02 when increasing the code distance by two, culminating in a 101-qubit distance-7 code with 0.143% $\pm$ 0.003% error per cycle of error correction. This logical memory is also beyond break-even, exceeding its best physical qubit's lifetime by a factor of 2.4 $\pm$ 0.3. We maintain below-threshold performance when decoding in real time, achieving an average decoder latency of 63 $\mu$s at distance-5 up to a million cycles, with a cycle time of 1.1 $\mu$s. To probe the limits of our error-correction performance, we run repetition codes up to distance-29 and find that logical performance is limited by rare correlated error events occurring approximately once every hour, or 3 $\times$ 10$^9$ cycles. Our results present device performance that, if scaled, could realize the operational requirements of large scale fault-tolerant quantum algorithms., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, Supplementary Information

Published
2024

3. Thermalization and Criticality on an Analog-Digital Quantum Simulator

Author

Andersen, Trond I., Astrakhantsev, Nikita, Karamlou, Amir H., Berndtsson, Julia, Motruk, Johannes, Szasz, Aaron, Gross, Jonathan A., Schuckert, Alexander, Westerhout, Tom, Zhang, Yaxing, Forati, Ebrahim, Rossi, Dario, Kobrin, Bryce, Di Paolo, Agustin, Klots, Andrey R., Drozdov, Ilya, Kurilovich, Vladislav D., Petukhov, Andre, Ioffe, Lev B., Elben, Andreas, Rath, Aniket, Vitale, Vittorio, Vermersch, Benoit, Acharya, Rajeev, Beni, Laleh Aghababaie, Anderson, Kyle, Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Atalaya, Juan, Ballard, Brian, Bardin, Joseph C., Bengtsson, Andreas, Bilmes, Alexander, Bortoli, Gina, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Browne, David A., Buchea, Brett, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Cabrera, Anthony, Campero, Juan, Chang, Hung-Shen, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Ben, Claes, Jahan, Cleland, Agnetta Y., Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander L., Das, Sayan, Debroy, Dripto M., De Lorenzo, Laura, Barba, Alexander Del Toro, Demura, Sean, Donohoe, Paul, Dunsworth, Andrew, Earle, Clint, Eickbusch, Alec, Elbag, Aviv Moshe, Elzouka, Mahmoud, Erickson, Catherine, Faoro, Lara, Fatemi, Reza, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Ganjam, Suhas, Gasca, Robert, Giang, William, Gidney, Craig, Gilboa, Dar, Giustina, Marissa, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Graumann, Dietrich, Greene, Alex, Habegger, Steve, Hamilton, Michael C., Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Heslin, Stephen, Heu, Paula, Hill, Gordon, Hoffmann, Markus R., Huang, Hsin-Yuan, Huang, Trent, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Isakov, Sergei V., Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Jordan, Stephen, Joshi, Chaitali, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, Dvir, Kang, Hui, Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Khaire, Trupti, Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kieferová, Mária, Kim, Seon, Kitaev, Alexei, Klimov, Paul V., Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Landhuis, David, Langley, Brandon W., Laptev, Pavel, Lau, Kim-Ming, Guevel, Loïck Le, Ledford, Justin, Lee, Joonho, Lee, Kenny, Lensky, Yuri D., Lester, Brian J., Li, Wing Yan, Lill, Alexander T., Liu, Wayne, Livingston, William P., Locharla, Aditya, Lundahl, Daniel, Lunt, Aaron, Madhuk, Sid, Maloney, Ashley, Mandrà, Salvatore, Martin, Leigh S., Martin, Orion, Martin, Steven, Maxfield, Cameron, McClean, Jarrod R., McEwen, Matt, Meeks, Seneca, Miao, Kevin C., Mieszala, Amanda, Molina, Sebastian, Montazeri, Shirin, Morvan, Alexis, Movassagh, Ramis, Neill, Charles, Nersisyan, Ani, Newman, Michael, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Ni, Chia-Hung, Niu, Murphy Yuezhen, Oliver, William D., Ottosson, Kristoffer, Pizzuto, Alex, Potter, Rebecca, Pritchard, Orion, Pryadko, Leonid P., Quintana, Chris, Reagor, Matthew J., Rhodes, David M., Roberts, Gabrielle, Rocque, Charles, Rosenberg, Eliott, Rubin, Nicholas C., Saei, Negar, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin J., Schurkus, Henry F., Schuster, Christopher, Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vladimir, Sivak, Volodymyr, Skruzny, Jindra, Small, Spencer, Smith, W. Clarke, Springer, Sofia, Sterling, George, Suchard, Jordan, Szalay, Marco, Sztein, Alex, Thor, Douglas, Torres, Alfredo, Torunbalci, M. Mert, Vaishnav, Abeer, Vdovichev, Sergey, Villalonga, Benjamin, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, Waltman, Steven, Wang, Shannon X., White, Theodore, Wong, Kristi, Woo, Bryan W., Xing, Cheng, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Ying, Bicheng, Yoo, Juhwan, Yosri, Noureldin, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zobrist, Nicholas, Neven, Hartmut, Babbush, Ryan, Boixo, Sergio, Hilton, Jeremy, Lucero, Erik, Megrant, Anthony, Kelly, Julian, Chen, Yu, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Vidal, Guifre, Roushan, Pedram, Lauchli, Andreas M., Abanin, Dmitry A., and Mi, Xiao

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Understanding how interacting particles approach thermal equilibrium is a major challenge of quantum simulators. Unlocking the full potential of such systems toward this goal requires flexible initial state preparation, precise time evolution, and extensive probes for final state characterization. We present a quantum simulator comprising 69 superconducting qubits which supports both universal quantum gates and high-fidelity analog evolution, with performance beyond the reach of classical simulation in cross-entropy benchmarking experiments. Emulating a two-dimensional (2D) XY quantum magnet, we leverage a wide range of measurement techniques to study quantum states after ramps from an antiferromagnetic initial state. We observe signatures of the classical Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition, as well as strong deviations from Kibble-Zurek scaling predictions attributed to the interplay between quantum and classical coarsening of the correlated domains. This interpretation is corroborated by injecting variable energy density into the initial state, which enables studying the effects of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) in targeted parts of the eigenspectrum. Finally, we digitally prepare the system in pairwise-entangled dimer states and image the transport of energy and vorticity during thermalization. These results establish the efficacy of superconducting analog-digital quantum processors for preparing states across many-body spectra and unveiling their thermalization dynamics.

Published
2024

4. Dynamics of magnetization at infinite temperature in a Heisenberg spin chain

Author

Rosenberg, Eliott, Andersen, Trond, Samajdar, Rhine, Petukhov, Andre, Hoke, Jesse, Abanin, Dmitry, Bengtsson, Andreas, Drozdov, Ilya, Erickson, Catherine, Klimov, Paul, Mi, Xiao, Morvan, Alexis, Neeley, Matthew, Neill, Charles, Acharya, Rajeev, Allen, Richard, Anderson, Kyle, Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Atalaya, Juan, Bardin, Joseph, Bilmes, A., Bortoli, Gina, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David, Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Campero, Juan, Chang, Hung-Shen, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Benjamin, Chik, Desmond, Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander, Curtin, Ben, Debroy, Dripto, Barba, Alexander Del Toro, Demura, Sean, Di Paolo, Agustin, Dunsworth, Andrew, Earle, Clint, Farhi, E., Fatemi, Reza, Ferreira, Vinicius, Flores, Leslie, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin, Foxen, Brooks, Garcia, Gonzalo, Genois, Élie, Giang, William, Gidney, Craig, Gilboa, Dar, Giustina, Marissa, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Gross, Jonathan, Habegger, Steve, Hamilton, Michael, Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew, Harrington, Sean, Heu, Paula, Hill, Gordon, Hoffmann, Markus, Hong, Sabrina, Huang, Trent, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William, Ioffe, Lev, Isakov, Sergei, Iveland, Justin, Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, D., Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kieferová, Mária, Kim, Seon, Kitaev, Alexei, Klots, Andrey, Korotkov, Alexander, Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Landhuis, David, Laptev, Pavel, Lau, Kim Ming, Laws, Lily, Lee, Joonho, Lee, Kenneth, Lensky, Yuri, Lester, Brian, Lill, Alexander, Liu, Wayne, Livingston, William P., Locharla, A., Mandrà, Salvatore, Martin, Orion, Martin, Steven, McClean, Jarrod, McEwen, Matthew, Meeks, Seneca, Miao, Kevin, Mieszala, Amanda, Montazeri, Shirin, Movassagh, Ramis, Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech, Nersisyan, Ani, Newman, Michael, Ng, Jiun How, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Niu, M., O'Brien, Thomas, Omonije, Seun, Opremcak, Alex, Potter, Rebecca, Pryadko, Leonid, Quintana, Chris, Rhodes, David, Rocque, Charles, Rubin, N., Saei, Negar, Sank, Daniel, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin, Schurkus, Henry, Schuster, Christopher, Shearn, Michael, Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vladimir, Sivak, Volodymyr, Skruzny, Jindra, Smith, Clarke, Somma, Rolando, Sterling, George, Strain, Doug, Szalay, Marco, Thor, Douglas, Torres, Alfredo, Vidal, Guifre, Villalonga, Benjamin, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, White, Theodore, Woo, Bryan, Xing, Cheng, Yao, Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Yoo, Juhwan, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhang, Yaxing, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zobrist, Nicholas, Neven, Hartmut, Babbush, Ryan, Bacon, Dave, Boixo, Sergio, Hilton, Jeremy, Lucero, Erik, Megrant, Anthony, Kelly, Julian, Chen, Yu, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Khemani, Vedika, Gopalakrishnan, Sarang, Prosen, Tomaž, and Roushan, Pedram

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Understanding universal aspects of quantum dynamics is an unresolved problem in statistical mechanics. In particular, the spin dynamics of the 1D Heisenberg model were conjectured to belong to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class based on the scaling of the infinite-temperature spin-spin correlation function. In a chain of 46 superconducting qubits, we study the probability distribution, $P(\mathcal{M})$, of the magnetization transferred across the chain's center. The first two moments of $P(\mathcal{M})$ show superdiffusive behavior, a hallmark of KPZ universality. However, the third and fourth moments rule out the KPZ conjecture and allow for evaluating other theories. Our results highlight the importance of studying higher moments in determining dynamic universality classes and provide key insights into universal behavior in quantum systems.

Published
2023
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6. Exploring clinical research nurses' experiences of working with clinical nurses

Author

Hill, Gordon

Abstract

Introduction Over the last 10-15 years the role of the clinical research nurse (CRN) has evolved, with many CRNs now participating in the design, planning, analysis and dissemination of research. However, from the literature it is evidenced that despite this, CRNs have difficulties in developing a positive working relationship with clinical (ward-based) nurses. Additionally, previous literature identified that liminality, isolation, perceptions of CRNs and issues related to the transition from a clinical nurse to a CRN appeared to be important. However, the experiences of CRN's have never been fully explored in this context. Research Question How do CRNs make sense of their relationship with clinical nurses? Methodology A qualitative approach, using interpretative phenomenological analysis, was utilised for this research. This approach allowed an exploration of the lived experience of the CRNs interactions with clinical nurses and generated real-life information on their relationships. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten CRNs. The rich data gathered from these informed a deeper understanding of the relationships between CRNs and clinical nurses. Analysis The interviews were transcribed by the researcher and analysed individually. Once this process was completed, the findings were combined to develop over-arching super-ordinate themes. This followed the process suggested by Smith, Flowers and Larkin (2009). Findings New understanding emerged from this study, including perceptions of harm, particular issues relating to CRNs from clinical research facilities, negative impacts of poor relationships with clinical nurse specialists and how relationships with doctors can impact on how CRNs are perceived. Additionally, theoretical constructs including duality, dramaturgy and injurious misconception were also identified and explored. Conclusion The study indicated that CRNs value their relationship with clinical nurses. This relationship assists in conducting successful clinical research and confirming the importance of the CRN role. However, there appear to be some difficulties that should be addressed, to further enhance this relationship for the benefit of patients, CRNs and the clinical nurses.

Published
2018

8. Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering off unpolarised deuterium at HERMES

Author

Hill, Gordon D.

Subjects
531.16, QC Physics
Abstract

The HERMES experiment was a forward angle spectrometer on the HERA storage ring at DESY, Hamburg, Germany. HERMES successfully increased understanding of the “spin puzzle”, the spin structure of the nucleon, by providing high precision measurements of ∆Σ in the Quark Parton Model, the fraction of the spin carried by the current quarks. Following the link of another piece of the puzzle, the orbital angular momentum of quarks and gluons, to the Generalised Parton Distribution (GPD) theoretical framework, HERMES focused on measurements of the Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) process. These measurements are sensitive to GPDs, allowing further experimental constraints to be made on the components of nucleon spin. In the Winter shutdown period 2005-2006 HERMES was upgraded with a Recoil Detector in the target region. This allowed the experiment to make exclusive measurements of the DVCS process for the first time, reducing background and increasing the resolution of various kinematic variables. The method for reconstructing particle tracks in the inhomogeneous magnetic field is investigated here. DVCS off a deuterium target is measured with all available data prior to the installation of the Recoil Detector. A comparison is made to currently available models of spin-1/2 GPDs. This analysis has been approved for publication by the HERMES collaboration. The data is further employed in an investigation of a model dependent constraint of the total angular momentum of up and down quarks in the nucleon.

Published
2008

24. An exploration of issues faced by physically active people with type 1 diabetes

Author

Kilbride, Lynn, Aitken, Gillian, Charlton, Jacqui, Hill, Gordon, Davison, Richard, and McKnight, John

Subjects
Control, Care and treatment, Physiological aspects, Risk factors, Health aspects, Blood glucose -- Control, Exercise -- Physiological aspects -- Health aspects, Type 1 diabetes -- Care and treatment, Hypoglycemia -- Risk factors, Blood sugar -- Control
Abstract

It is commonly believed that fear of hypoglycaemia during or after exercise is a major deterrent to exercise in individuals with type 1 diabetes (Brazeau et al, 2008). Exercise is [...]

Published
2011

26. Professional issues associated with the role of the research nurse

Author

Hill, Gordon and MacArthur, Juliet

Subjects
Practice, Management, Evaluation, Company business management, Professional development -- Evaluation, Nurses -- Practice -- Management, Health services administration -- Evaluation
Abstract

Summary This article presents the findings of two studies undertaken during 2002 and 2003 that aimed to explore a range of professional issues facing research nurses. The results indicated that [...]

Published
2006

41. Nymphomaniac

Author

Hill, Gordon

Subjects
Bait -- Usage, Brown trout fishing -- Methods, Trout fishing -- Methods
Published
2007

46. Chemical Engineering in Medicine

Author

DANIEL D. RENEAU, NORMAN N. LI, WILLIAM J. ASHER, RICHARD G. BUCKLES, E. HARDENBERGH, J. GROTE, H. KREUSCHER, H. J. REULEN, P. VAUPEL, H. GÜNTHER, KENNETH B. BISCHOFF, KENNETH J. HIMMELSTEIN, ROBERT L. DEDRICK, DANIEL S. ZAHARKO, EDWARD D. CRANDALL, ROBERT E. FORSTER, LAWRENCE D. LONGO, ESTHER P. HILL, GORDON G. POWE, Daniel D. Reneau, Robert F. Gould

Published
1973

47. Understanding Nursing Research

Author

Hill, Gordon

Subjects
Understanding Nursing Research (Nonfiction work) -- Macnee, Carol L. -- McCabe, Susan, Books -- Book reviews
Abstract

Understanding Nursing Research Authors: Carol L Macnee and Susan McCabe Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publications Edition: Second Pages: 448 Price: 23.50 £ ISBN: 9780781775588 This book is very readable--I [...]

Published
2009

49. Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering off unpolarised deuterium at HERMES

Author

Hill, Gordon D

Subjects
QC Physics
Abstract

The HERMES experiment was a forward angle spectrometer on the HERA storage ring at DESY, Hamburg, Germany. HERMES successfully increased understanding of the “spin puzzle”, the spin structure of the nucleon, by providing high precision measurements of ∆Σ in the Quark Parton Model, the fraction of the spin carried by the current quarks. Following the link of another piece of the puzzle, the orbital angular momentum of quarks and gluons, to the Generalised Parton Distribution (GPD) theoretical framework, HERMES focused on measurements of the Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) process. These measurements are sensitive to GPDs, allowing further experimental constraints to be made on the components of nucleon spin. In the Winter shutdown period 2005-2006 HERMES was upgraded with a Recoil Detector in the target region. This allowed the experiment to make exclusive measurements of the DVCS process for the first time, reducing background and increasing the resolution of various kinematic variables. The method for reconstructing particle tracks in the inhomogeneous magnetic field is investigated here. DVCS off a deuterium target is measured with all available data prior to the installation of the Recoil Detector. A comparison is made to currently available models of spin-1/2 GPDs. This analysis has been approved for publication by the HERMES collaboration. The data is further employed in an investigation of a model dependent constraint of the total angular momentum of up and down quarks in the nucleon.

Published
2008

50. FV-100 versus valacyclovir for the prevention of post-herpetic neuralgia and the treatment of acute herpes zoster-associated pain: A randomized-controlled trial.

Author

Tyring, Stephen K., Lee, Patricia, Hill, Gordon T., Silverfield, Joel C., Moore, Angela Yen, Matkovits, Theresa, and Sullivan‐Bolyai, John

Abstract

This prospective, parallel-group, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study compared the efficacy and safety of FV-100 with valacyclovir for reducing pain associated with acute herpes zoster (HZ). Patients, ≥50 years of age, diagnosed with HZ within 72 h of lesion appearance who had HZ-associated pain, were randomized 1:1:1 to a 7-day course of either FV-100 200 mg QD ( n = 117), FV-100 400 mg QD ( n = 116), or valacyclovir 1000 mg TID ( n =117). Efficacy was evaluated on the basis of the burden of illness (BOI; Zoster Brief Pain Inventory scores); incidence and duration of clinically significant pain (CSP); pain scores; incidence and severity of post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN); and times to full lesion crusting and to lesion healing. Safety was evaluated on the basis of adverse event (AE)/SAE profiles, changes in laboratory and vital signs values, and results of electrocardiograms. The burden of illness scores for pain through 30 days were 114.5, 110.3, and 118.0 for FV-100 200 mg, FV-100 400 mg, and valacyclovir 3000 mg, respectively. The incidences of PHN at 90 days for FV-100 200 mg, FV-100 400 mg, and valacyclovir 3000 mg were 17.8%, 12.4%, and 20.2%, respectively. Adverse event and SAE profiles of the two FV-100 and the valacyclovir groups were similar and no untoward signals or trends were evident. These results demonstrate a potential for FV-100 as an antiviral for the treatment of shingles that could both reduce the pain burden of the acute episode and reduce the incidence of PHN compared with available treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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