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2. Assessing ambitious nature conservation strategies in a below 2 degrees warmer and food-secure world – supplementary spatial data

Author

Kok, M., Meijer, J., Zeist, W.-J., Hilbers, J.P., Immovilli, M., Janse, J.H., Stehfest, E., Bakkenes, M., Tabeau, A., Schipper, A.M., Alkemade, R., Kok, M., Meijer, J., Zeist, W.-J., Hilbers, J.P., Immovilli, M., Janse, J.H., Stehfest, E., Bakkenes, M., Tabeau, A., Schipper, A.M., and Alkemade, R.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 294913.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)

Published
2023

4. Prioritizing global land protection for population persistence can double the efficiency of habitat protection for reducing mammal extinction risk

Author

Wolff, N.H., Visconti, P., Kujala, H., Santini, L., Hilbers, J.P., Possingham, H.P., Oakleaf, J.R., Kennedy, C.M., Kiesecker, J., Fargione, J., Game, E.T., Wolff, N.H., Visconti, P., Kujala, H., Santini, L., Hilbers, J.P., Possingham, H.P., Oakleaf, J.R., Kennedy, C.M., Kiesecker, J., Fargione, J., and Game, E.T.

Abstract

Halting the alarming rate of species extinction, driven primarily by habitat destruction, motivated the international community to adopt the Global Biodiversity Framework (2022) and its targets aimed at reversing habitat and species loss. Because of urgency and resource constraints, a key challenge is meeting targets effectively and efficiently. Here we conduct a global prioritization linking 70,492 unique population maps and life history characteristics for 861 threatened terrestrial mammal species. Incorporating individual population data to identify priority areas for conservation nearly doubled the likely long-term persistence of species for the same amount of land compared with a typical approach based on species distributions alone. We map and rank global mammal persistence priority areas and assess how well the current protected area (PA) system captures these important regions. Our results offer a clearer, quantifiable link between conservation actions and global extinction risk than previously possible at a global scale.

Published
2023
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5. Time-lagged effects of habitat fragmentation on terrestrial mammals in Madagascar

Author

Broekman, Maarten J.E., Hilbers, J.P., Schipper, A.M., Benítez‐López, A., Santini, Luca, Huijbregts, M.A.J., Broekman, Maarten J.E., Hilbers, J.P., Schipper, A.M., Benítez‐López, A., Santini, Luca, and Huijbregts, M.A.J.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 281839.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Published
2022

6. Evaluating expert-based habitat suitability information of terrestrial mammals with GPS-tracking data

Author

Broekman, M.J.E., Hilbers, J.P., Huijbregts, M.A.J., Mueller, T., Ali, A.H., Andren, H., Altmann, J., Aronsson, M., Attias, N., Bartlam-Brooks, H.L.A., van Beest, F.M., Belant, J.L., Beyer, D.E., Bidner, L., Blaum, N., Boone, R.B., Boyce, M.S., Brown, M.B., Cagnacci, F., Cerne, R., Chamaille-Jammes, S., Dejid, N., Dekker, J., Desbiez, A.L.J., Diaz-Munoz, S.L., Fennessy, J., Fichtel, C., Fischer, C., Fisher, J.T., Fischhoff, I, Ford, A.T., Fryxell, J.M., Gehr, B., Goheen, J.R., Hauptfleisch, M., Hewison, A.J.M., Hering, R., Heurich, M., Isbell, L.A., Janssen, R., Jeltsch, F., Kaczensky, P., Kappeler, P.M., Krofel, M., LaPoint, S., Latham, A.D.M., Linnell, J.D.C., Markham, A.C., Mattisson, J., Medici, E.P., de Miranda Mourao, G., Van Moorter, B., Morato, R.G., Morellet, N., Mysterud, A., Ndambuki, S., Odden, J., Olson, K.A., Ornicans, A., Pagon, N., Panzacchi, M., Persson, J., Petroelje, T., Rolandsen, C.M., Roshier, D., Rubenstein, D.I., Said, S., Salemgareyev, A.R., Sawyer, H., Schmidt, N.M., Selva, N., Sergiel, A., Stabach, J., Stacy-Dawes, J., Stewart, F.E.C., Stiegler, J., Strand, O., Sundaresan, S., Svoboda, N.J., Ullmann, W., Voigt, U., Wall, J., Wikelski, M., Wilmers, C.C., Zieba, F., Zwijacz-Kozica, T., Schipper, A.M., Tucker, M.A., Broekman, M.J.E., Hilbers, J.P., Huijbregts, M.A.J., Mueller, T., Ali, A.H., Andren, H., Altmann, J., Aronsson, M., Attias, N., Bartlam-Brooks, H.L.A., van Beest, F.M., Belant, J.L., Beyer, D.E., Bidner, L., Blaum, N., Boone, R.B., Boyce, M.S., Brown, M.B., Cagnacci, F., Cerne, R., Chamaille-Jammes, S., Dejid, N., Dekker, J., Desbiez, A.L.J., Diaz-Munoz, S.L., Fennessy, J., Fichtel, C., Fischer, C., Fisher, J.T., Fischhoff, I, Ford, A.T., Fryxell, J.M., Gehr, B., Goheen, J.R., Hauptfleisch, M., Hewison, A.J.M., Hering, R., Heurich, M., Isbell, L.A., Janssen, R., Jeltsch, F., Kaczensky, P., Kappeler, P.M., Krofel, M., LaPoint, S., Latham, A.D.M., Linnell, J.D.C., Markham, A.C., Mattisson, J., Medici, E.P., de Miranda Mourao, G., Van Moorter, B., Morato, R.G., Morellet, N., Mysterud, A., Ndambuki, S., Odden, J., Olson, K.A., Ornicans, A., Pagon, N., Panzacchi, M., Persson, J., Petroelje, T., Rolandsen, C.M., Roshier, D., Rubenstein, D.I., Said, S., Salemgareyev, A.R., Sawyer, H., Schmidt, N.M., Selva, N., Sergiel, A., Stabach, J., Stacy-Dawes, J., Stewart, F.E.C., Stiegler, J., Strand, O., Sundaresan, S., Svoboda, N.J., Ullmann, W., Voigt, U., Wall, J., Wikelski, M., Wilmers, C.C., Zieba, F., Zwijacz-Kozica, T., Schipper, A.M., and Tucker, M.A.

Abstract

17 juni 2022, Contains fulltext : 252380.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), In our paper "Evaluating expert-based habitat suitability information of terrestrial mammals with GPS-tracking data" (Global Ecology and Biogeography) we use GPS tracking data from 1,498 from 49 different species to evaluate the expert-based habitat suitability data from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Therefore, we used the GPS tracking data to estimate two measures of habitat suitability for each individual animal and habitat type: proportional habitat use (proportion of GPS locations within a habitat type), and selection ratio (habitat use relative to its availability). For each individual we then evaluated whether the GPS-based habitat suitability measures were in agreement with the IUCN data. To that end, we calculated the probability that the ranking of empirical habitat suitability measures was in agreement with IUCN’s classification into suitable, marginal and unsuitable habitat types. Our results showed that IUCN habitat suitability data were in accordance with the GPS data (>95% probability of agreement) for 33 out of 49 species based on proportional habitat use estimates and for 25 out of 49 species based on selection ratios. In addition, 37 and 34 species had a >50% probability of agreement based on proportional habitat use and selection ratios, respectively. These findings indicate that for the majority of species included in this study, it is appropriate to use IUCN habitat suitability data in macroecological studies. Furthermore, our study shows that GPS tracking data can be used to identify and prioritize species and habitat types for re-evaluation of IUCN habitat suitability data. In this dataset we provide the measures of habitat suitability for each individual and each habitat type, calculated using different methods. In addition, we provide data on the body mass and IUCN Red List category of the species, as well as whether the species can be considered a habitat specialist or habitat generalist.

Published
2022

10. Projecting terrestrial biodiversity intactness with GLOBIO 4

Author

Schipper, Aafke M., Hilbers, J.P., Meijer, J.R., Antao, Laura H., Benitez-Lopez, Ana, Jonge, Melinda M.J. de, Leemans, Luuk H., Zeist, Willem-Jan van, Huijbregts, Mark A.J., Schipper, Aafke M., Hilbers, J.P., Meijer, J.R., Antao, Laura H., Benitez-Lopez, Ana, Jonge, Melinda M.J. de, Leemans, Luuk H., Zeist, Willem-Jan van, and Huijbregts, Mark A.J.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 216988.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)

Published
2020

11. Different ways to get to the future we want

Author

Almond, R.E.A., Hilbers, J.P., Almond, R.E.A., and Hilbers, J.P.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 233188.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Published
2020

12. Combined effects of land use and hunting on distributions of tropical mammals

Author

Gallego-Zamorano, J., Benítez-López, A., Santini, L., Hilbers, J.P., Huijbregts, M.A.J., Schipper, A.M., Gallego-Zamorano, J., Benítez-López, A., Santini, L., Hilbers, J.P., Huijbregts, M.A.J., and Schipper, A.M.

Abstract

9 januari 2020, Contains fulltext : 216955.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)

Published
2020

13. Bending the curve of terrestrial biodiversity needs an integrated strategy

Author

Leclère, D., Obersteiner, M., Barrett, M., Butchart, S.H.M., Chaudhary, A., De Palma, Adriana, DeClerck, F.A.J., Di Marco, M., Doelman, J.C., Dürauer, M., Freeman, R., Harfoot, M., Hasegawa, T., Hellweg, S., Hilbers, J.P., Hill, S.L.L., Humpenöder, F., Jennings, N., Krisztin, T., Mace, G.M., Ohashi, H., Popp, Alexander, Purvis, A., Schipper, A.M., Tabeau, A., Valin, H., Meijl, H. van, Zeist, W.J. van, Visconti, P., Alkemade, R., Almond, R., Bunting, G., Burgess, N.D., Cornell, S.E., Di Fulvio, F., Ferrier, S., Fritz, S., Fujimori, S., Grooten, M., Harwood, T., Havlík, P., Herrero, M., Hoskins, A.J., Jung, M., Kram, T., Lotze-Campen, H., Matsui, T., Meyer, C., Nel, D., Newbold, T., Schmidt-Traub, G., Stehfest, E., Strassburg, B.B.N., Vuuren, D.P. van, Ware, C., Watson, J.E.M., Wu, W., Young, L., Leclère, D., Obersteiner, M., Barrett, M., Butchart, S.H.M., Chaudhary, A., De Palma, Adriana, DeClerck, F.A.J., Di Marco, M., Doelman, J.C., Dürauer, M., Freeman, R., Harfoot, M., Hasegawa, T., Hellweg, S., Hilbers, J.P., Hill, S.L.L., Humpenöder, F., Jennings, N., Krisztin, T., Mace, G.M., Ohashi, H., Popp, Alexander, Purvis, A., Schipper, A.M., Tabeau, A., Valin, H., Meijl, H. van, Zeist, W.J. van, Visconti, P., Alkemade, R., Almond, R., Bunting, G., Burgess, N.D., Cornell, S.E., Di Fulvio, F., Ferrier, S., Fritz, S., Fujimori, S., Grooten, M., Harwood, T., Havlík, P., Herrero, M., Hoskins, A.J., Jung, M., Kram, T., Lotze-Campen, H., Matsui, T., Meyer, C., Nel, D., Newbold, T., Schmidt-Traub, G., Stehfest, E., Strassburg, B.B.N., Vuuren, D.P. van, Ware, C., Watson, J.E.M., Wu, W., and Young, L.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 228862.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Published
2020

15. Global trends in biodiversity and ecosystem services from 1900 to 2050

Author

Pereira, H.M., Rosa, I.M.D., Martins, I.S., Kim, H., Leadley, P., Popp, A., van Vuuren, D.P., Hurtt, G., Anthoni, P., Arneth, A., Baisero, D., Chaplin-Kramer, R., Chini, L., Di Fulvio, F., Di Marco, M., Ferrier, S., Fujimori, S., Guerra, C.A., Harfoot, M., Harwood, T.D., Hasegawa, T., Haverd, V., Havlik, Petr, Hellweg, S., Hilbers, J.P., Hill, S.L.L., Hirata, A., Hoskins, A.J., Humpenöder, F., Janse, J.H., Jetz, W., Johnson, J.A., Krause, A., Leclere, D., Matsui, T., Meijer, J.R., Merow, C., Obersteiner, M., Ohashi, H., Poulter, B., Purvis, A., Quesada, B., Rondinini, C., Schipper, A.M., Settele, J., Sharp, R., Stehfest, E., Strassburg, B.N.B., Takahashi, K., Talluto, M.V., Thuiller, W., Titeux, N., Visconti, P., Ware, C., Wolf, F, Alkemade, R., Pereira, H.M., Rosa, I.M.D., Martins, I.S., Kim, H., Leadley, P., Popp, A., van Vuuren, D.P., Hurtt, G., Anthoni, P., Arneth, A., Baisero, D., Chaplin-Kramer, R., Chini, L., Di Fulvio, F., Di Marco, M., Ferrier, S., Fujimori, S., Guerra, C.A., Harfoot, M., Harwood, T.D., Hasegawa, T., Haverd, V., Havlik, Petr, Hellweg, S., Hilbers, J.P., Hill, S.L.L., Hirata, A., Hoskins, A.J., Humpenöder, F., Janse, J.H., Jetz, W., Johnson, J.A., Krause, A., Leclere, D., Matsui, T., Meijer, J.R., Merow, C., Obersteiner, M., Ohashi, H., Poulter, B., Purvis, A., Quesada, B., Rondinini, C., Schipper, A.M., Settele, J., Sharp, R., Stehfest, E., Strassburg, B.N.B., Takahashi, K., Talluto, M.V., Thuiller, W., Titeux, N., Visconti, P., Ware, C., Wolf, F, and Alkemade, R.

Abstract

Despite the scientific consensus on the extinction crisis and its anthropogenic origin, the quantification of historical trends and of future scenarios of biodiversity and ecosystem services has been limited, due to the lack of inter-model comparisons and harmonized scenarios. Here, we present a multi-model analysis to assess the impacts of land-use and climate change from 1900 to 2050. During the 20th century provisioning services increased, but biodiversity and regulating services decreased. Similar trade-offs are projected for the coming decades, but they may be attenuated in a sustainability scenario. Future biodiversity loss from land-use change is projected to keep up with historical rates or reduce slightly, whereas losses due to climate change are projected to increase greatly. Renewed efforts are needed by governments to meet the 2050 vision of the Convention on Biological Diversity.

Published
2020

16. Applying habitat and population-density models to land-cover time series to inform IUCN Red List assessments

Author

Santini, Luca, Butchart, Stuart H.M., Rondinini, C., Benitez Lopez, A., Hilbers, J.P., Schipper, A.M., Cengic, Mirza, Tobias, Joseph A., Huijbregts, Mark A.J., Santini, Luca, Butchart, Stuart H.M., Rondinini, C., Benitez Lopez, A., Hilbers, J.P., Schipper, A.M., Cengic, Mirza, Tobias, Joseph A., and Huijbregts, Mark A.J.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 208147.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Published
2019

17. Increasing impacts of land use on biodiversity and carbon sequestration driven by population and economic growth

Author

Marques, Alexandra, Martins, Ines S., Kastner, Thomas, Plutzar, Christoph, Theurl, Michaela C., Eisenmenger, Nina, Huijbregts, Mark A.J., Hilbers, J.P., Erb, Karlheinz, Pereira, H.M., Marques, Alexandra, Martins, Ines S., Kastner, Thomas, Plutzar, Christoph, Theurl, Michaela C., Eisenmenger, Nina, Huijbregts, Mark A.J., Hilbers, J.P., Erb, Karlheinz, and Pereira, H.M.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 202551.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Published
2019

19. Modelling population viability of birds and mammals

Author

Hilbers, J.P., Huijbregts, M.A.J., Schipper, A.M., and Radboud University Nijmegen

Subjects
Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 197549.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Radboud University, 21 december 2018 Promotor : Huijbregts, M.A.J. Co-promotor : Schipper, A.M. 191 p.

Published
2018

20. Relating plant height to demographic rates and extinction vulnerability

Author

Jonge, M.M.J. de, Hilbers, J.P., Jongejans, E., Ozinga, W.A., Hendriks, A.J., Huijbregts, M.A.J., Jonge, M.M.J. de, Hilbers, J.P., Jongejans, E., Ozinga, W.A., Hendriks, A.J., and Huijbregts, M.A.J.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 189739pos.pdf (postprint version ) (Open Access) Contains fulltext : 189739pub.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Published
2018

21. Deriving Field-Based Ecological Risks for Bird Species

Author

Hoondert, R.P.J., Hilbers, J.P., Hendriks, A.J., Huijbregts, Mark A.J., Hoondert, R.P.J., Hilbers, J.P., Hendriks, A.J., and Huijbregts, Mark A.J.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 190335.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)

Published
2018

23. Modelling population viability of birds and mammals

Author

Huijbregts, M.A.J., Schipper, A.M., Hilbers, J.P., Huijbregts, M.A.J., Schipper, A.M., and Hilbers, J.P.

Abstract

Radboud University, 21 december 2018, Promotor : Huijbregts, M.A.J. Co-promotor : Schipper, A.M., Contains fulltext : 197549.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)

Published
2018

24. Setting population targets for mammals using body mass as a predictor of population persistence

Author

Hilbers, J.P., Santini, L., Visconti, P., Schipper, A.M., Pinto, C, Rondinini, C., and Huijbregts, M.A.

Subjects
Mammals, Conservation of Natural Resources, conservation biology, allometry, conservation target, extinction, minimum viable population, pop-ulation viability analysis, wildlife, wildlife management, Population Dynamics, Biodiversity, Animals, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Conservation planning and biodiversity assessments need quantitative targets to optimize planning options and assess the adequacy of current species protection. However, targets aiming at persistence require population-specific data, which limit their use in favor of fixed and nonspecific targets, likely leading to unequal distribution of conservation efforts among species. We devised a method to derive equitable population targets; that is, quantitative targets of population size that ensure equal probabilities of persistence across a set of species and that can be easily inferred from species-specific traits. In our method, we used models of population dynamics across a range of life-history traits related to species' body mass to estimate minimum viable population targets. We applied our method to a range of body masses of mammals, from 2 g to 3825 kg. The minimum viable population targets decreased asymptotically with increasing body mass and were on the same order of magnitude as minimum viable population estimates from species- and context-specific studies. Our approach provides a compromise between pragmatic, nonspecific population targets and detailed context-specific estimates of population viability for which only limited data are available. It enables a first estimation of species-specific population targets based on a readily available trait and thus allows setting equitable targets for population persistence in large-scale and multispecies conservation assessments and planning.

Published
2017

26. Assessing the suitability of diversity metrics to detect biodiversity change

Author

Santini, L., Belmaker, J., Costello, M.J., Pereira, H.M., Rossberg, A.G., Schipper, A.M., Ceaușu, S., Dornelas, M., Hilbers, J.P., Hortal, J., Huijbregts, M.A.J., Navarro, L.M., Schiffers, K.H., Visconti, P., Rondinini, C., Santini, L., Belmaker, J., Costello, M.J., Pereira, H.M., Rossberg, A.G., Schipper, A.M., Ceaușu, S., Dornelas, M., Hilbers, J.P., Hortal, J., Huijbregts, M.A.J., Navarro, L.M., Schiffers, K.H., Visconti, P., and Rondinini, C.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 163377.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)

Published
2017

29. Modeling elephant-mediated cascading effects of water point closure

Author

Hilbers, J.P., Langevelde, F. Van, Prins, H.H.T., Grant, C.C., Peel, M.J.S., Coughenour, M.B., Knegt, H.J. de, Slotow, R., Smit, I.P.J., Kiker, G.A., Boer, W.F. de, Hilbers, J.P., Langevelde, F. Van, Prins, H.H.T., Grant, C.C., Peel, M.J.S., Coughenour, M.B., Knegt, H.J. de, Slotow, R., Smit, I.P.J., Kiker, G.A., and Boer, W.F. de

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 142479.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)

Published
2015

30. Is green infrastructure an effective climate adaption strategy for conserving biodiversity? A case study with the great crested newt

Author

van Teeffelen, A.J.A., Vos, C.C., Jochem, R., Baveco, J.M., Meeuwsen, H., Hilbers, J.P., van Teeffelen, A.J.A., Vos, C.C., Jochem, R., Baveco, J.M., Meeuwsen, H., and Hilbers, J.P.

Abstract

Context Increasing the amount of green infrastructure, defined as small-scale natural landscape elements, has been named as a climate adaptation measure for biodiversity. While green infrastructure strengthened ecological networks in some studies, it is not known whether this effect also holds under climate change, and how it compares to other landscape adaptation options. Objectives We assessed landscape adaptation options under scenarios of climate change for a dispersal-limited and climate-sensitive species: great crested newt, Triturus cristatus. Methods A spatially-explicit modelling framework was used to simulate newt metapopulation dynamics in a case study area in the Netherlands, under alternative spatial configurations of 500 ha to-be-restored habitat. The framework incorporated weather-related effects on newt recruitment, following current and changing climate conditions. Results Mild climate change resulted in slightly higher metapopulation viability, while more severe climate change (i.e. more frequent mild winters and summer droughts) had detrimental effects on metapopulation viability. The modelling framework revealed interactions between climate and landscape configuration on newt viability. Restoration of ponds and terrestrial habitat may reduce the negative effects of climate change, but only when certain spatial requirements (habitat density, connectivity) as well as abiotic requirements (high ground water level) are met. Conclusions Landscape scenarios where habitat was added in the form of green infrastructure were not able to meet these multiple conditions, as was the case for a scenario that enlarged core areas. The approach allowed a deduction of landscape design rules that incorporated both spatial and abiotic requirements resulting in more effective climate adaptation options.

Published
2015

31. Green infrastructure as a regional climate change adaptation strategy for dispersal-limited species

Author

Hilbers, J.P., Vos, C.C., van Teeffelen, A.J.A., Spatial analysis & Decision Support, and Amsterdam Global Change Institute

Abstract

Green Infrastructure has been frequently named as a strategy for making ecological networks robust against climate change. In the CARE Project (Climate Adaptation for Rural arEas, part of the Dutch Knowledge for Climate Programme), we seek integral adaptation strategies, to cope with climate change from the perspective of agriculture, water management and biodiversity simultaneously, at a regional level. Green (and blue) infrastructure has the potential to provide multiple benefits in this context. For example, it could provide habitat for species, reduce nutrient runoff from fields, improve natural pest control and increase the water retention capacity of the landscape. However, knowledge gaps exist with respect to the design of green infrastructure (in terms of amount and density for example), to bring these benefits about. In this study we first assess the biodiversity benefits in relation to design criteria for green infrastructure. Using the Great Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus) as one of our model species, we ask to what extent green infrastructure improves the capacity of species to cope with effects of climate change (i.e. increasing frequency of weather extremes and spatial shifts in climate suitability). We developed multiple landscape scenarios for a case study area in the east of the Netherlands, varying the amount and location of green infrastructure. Next we assessed the viability of species in these different landscapes, under three scenarios of climate change, using a population dynamic simulation model. The model will also be applied to other species that differ in area requirements, dispersal capacity and habitat fidelity during dispersal. The outcomes lead to design criteria of green infrastructure for a range of species living in multifunctional landscapes.

Published
2013

32. Weinig Roodkapjesyndroom bij burgers Nijmegen

Author

Hilbers, J.P., Boonman-Berson, S.H., and Elands, B.H.M.

Subjects
wolven, wildlife, migratie, WASS, questionnaires, migration, vragenlijsten, Forest and Nature Conservation Policy, wolves, landscape experience, landschapsbeleving, rijk van nijmegen, Bos- en Natuurbeleid, wild
Abstract

Volgens sommigen staat het vast dat de wolf Nederland binnen enkele jaren weer zal bereiken. Verondersteld wordt dat de wolven als eerste in de regio Nijmegen de grens over komen. Leerstoelgroep Bos- en Natuurbeleid van Wageningen Universiteit onderzocht de opvattingen van inwoners van Nijmegen ten aanzien van de terugkeer van de wolf. Verwelkomen we de wolf of keren we hem de rug toe?

Published
2011

33. Modeling elephant-mediated cascading effects of water point closure

Author

Hilbers, J.P., van Langevelde, F., Prins, H.H.T., Grant, C.C., Peel, M., Coughenour, M.B., de Knegt, H.J., Slotow, R., Smit, I., Kiker, G.A., de Boer, W.F., Hilbers, J.P., van Langevelde, F., Prins, H.H.T., Grant, C.C., Peel, M., Coughenour, M.B., de Knegt, H.J., Slotow, R., Smit, I., Kiker, G.A., and de Boer, W.F.

Abstract

Wildlife management to reduce the impact of wildlife on their habitat can be done in several ways, among which removing animals (by either culling or translocation) is most often used. There are however alternative ways to control wildlife densities, such as opening or closing water points. The effects of these alternatives are poorly studied. In this paper, we focus on manipulating large herbivores through the closure of water points (WPs). Removal of artificial WPs has been suggested to change the distribution of African elephants, which occur in high densities in national parks in Southern Africa and are thought to have a destructive effect on the vegetation. Here, we modeled the long-term effects of different scenarios of WP closure on the spatial distribution of elephants, and consequential effects on the vegetation and other herbivores in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Using a dynamic ecosystem model, SAVANNA, scenarios were evaluated that varied in (1) availability of artificial WPs, (2) levels of natural water, and (3) elephant densities. Our modeling results showed that elephants can indirectly negatively affect the distributions of mesomixed feeders, mesobrowsers and some mesograzers under wet conditions. The closure of artificial WPs hardly had any effect during these natural wet conditions. Only under dry conditions the spatial distribution of both elephant bulls and cows changed when the availability of artificial water was severely reduced in the model. These changes in spatial distribution triggered changes in the spatial availability of woody biomass over the simulation period of 80 years and this led to changes in the rest of the herbivore community, resulting in increased densities of all herbivores, except for giraffe and steenbok, in areas close to rivers. The spatial distributions of elephant bulls and cows showed to be less affected by the closure of WPs than most of the other herbivore species. Our study contributes to ecologically inform

Published
2014

34. Optimizing the therapeutic index of liposomal glucocorticoids in experimental arthritis.

Author

Hoven, J.M. van den, Hofkens, W., Wauben, M.H.M., Wagenaar-Hilbers, J.P., Beijnen, J.H., Nuijen, B., Metselaar, J.M., Storm, G., Hoven, J.M. van den, Hofkens, W., Wauben, M.H.M., Wagenaar-Hilbers, J.P., Beijnen, J.H., Nuijen, B., Metselaar, J.M., and Storm, G.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, Small-sized (less than 150 nm) long-circulating liposomes (LCL) may be useful as drug-targeting vehicles for anti-inflammatory agents in arthritis, since they selectively home at inflamed joints after i.v. administration. Previously it was shown in experimental arthritis that encapsulation of glucocorticoids (GC) as water-soluble phosphate esters in PEG-liposomes resulted in a strong improvement of the anti-inflammatory effect as compared to the free drug. In the present study, we compared the therapeutic activity and adverse effects induced by 3 different GC encapsulated in LCL in an attempt to further optimize the therapeutic index of liposomal GC in arthritis. Our data showed that with GC (dexamethasone, budesonide) of higher potency than prednisolone, the therapeutic activity of liposomal GC can be increased. However, side effects at the level of body weight and hyperglycemia were noted, related to the sustained free GC level observed after injection of the liposomal GC. An inverse relationship with the clearance rate of the free GC in question was shown. This study stresses the importance of a high clearance rate of the GC to be encapsulated for achieving a maximal therapeutic index with liposomal GC. Therefore high-clearance GC, which until now are only applied in local treatment approaches, may be very useful for the development of novel, highly effective anti-inflammatory preparations for systemic treatment of inflammatory disorders.

Published
2011

35. Complete remission of experimental arthritis by joint targeting of glucocorticoids with long-circulating liposomes.

Author

Metselaar, J.M., Wauben, M.H.M., Wagenaar-Hilbers, J.P., Boerman, O.C., Storm, G., Metselaar, J.M., Wauben, M.H.M., Wagenaar-Hilbers, J.P., Boerman, O.C., and Storm, G.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, OBJECTIVE: To increase the therapeutic activity of glucocorticoids in experimental arthritis by encapsulation in long-circulating polyethylene glycol liposomes, which have shown the ability to preferentially accumulate in inflamed joints after intravenous administration. METHODS: Rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) were treated intravenously with liposomal and free prednisolone phosphate (PLP) a few days after the first signs of disease. The effect on paw inflammation scores during the weeks after treatment was evaluated. Liposome biodistribution and joint localization were investigated by labeling the preparation with radioactive (111)In-oxine. By studying PLP encapsulated in other types of liposomes, which show a distinctive tissue distribution pattern and reduced accumulation in inflamed joints, the importance of targeted delivery to inflamed joints for achieving an increased therapeutic effect was illustrated. RESULTS: Liposomal PLP proved to be highly effective in the rat AIA model. A single injection of 10 mg/kg resulted in complete remission of the inflammatory response for almost a week. In contrast, the same dose of unencapsulated PLP did not reduce inflammation, and only a slight effect was observed after repeated daily injections. Evidence was found that preferential glucocorticoid delivery to the inflamed joint was the key factor explaining the observed strong therapeutic benefit obtained with the liposomal preparation, while other possible mechanisms, such as splenic accumulation or prolonged release of prednisolone in the circulation, were excluded. CONCLUSION: Targeted delivery using long-circulating liposomes is a promising, novel means to successfully intervene in arthritis with glucocorticoid therapy.

Published
2003

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