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Lo acordado entre la insurgencia de las FARC-EP y el Gobierno de Colombia, incluye como parte del amplio acuerdo de Paz, en su acuerdo uno de los ejes centrales de toda la negociación, reconocer el papel fundamental de la economía campesina, familiar y comunitaria en el desarrollo del campo, la promoción de diferentes formas de asociación solidaria y cooperativismo, la generación de ingresos y empleo, la dignificación y formalización del trabajo, el acceso de alimentos suficientes en cantidad y calidad promoviendo prioritariamente la producción, la provisión de bienes y servicios públicos, el acceso a tierras por parte de las familias campesinas más pobres, la preservación del medio ambiente, protección de la riqueza pluriétnica y multicultural para que contribuya al conocimiento, a la organización de la vida, a la economía, a la producción y al relacionamiento con la naturaleza.

Lo acordado entre la insurgencia de las FARC-EP y el Gobierno de Colombia, incluye como parte del amplio acuerdo de Paz, la ampliación democrática y nuevas formas de hacer política como parte del tránsito de la guerra a la paz, esa es la esencia del acuerdo dos, fortalecer el pluralismo que reconozca todas las visiones e intereses sobre la sociedad y lo más importante, que brinde garantías de participación, inclusión y cualificación para los movimientos sociales y partidos políticos.

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RESUMEN El presente artículo resultado de investigación, expone las diversas realidades que atraviesan los canales comunitarios del Oriente Antioqueño (Colombia). Para presentar los resultados el texto relaciona tres momentos: primero, aspectos jurídicos que en Colombia rigen la Televisión Comunitaria, normativas que ha regido a la televisión pública en el país y sus incidencias en el desarrollo de la televisión comunitaria local; dos, se ahonda en la necesidad de entender los modos de organización como asociaciones económicas y sus acciones colectivas (Actividades en Red) como estrategias co-operativas para el trabajo y tres, plantea el papel de la televisión comunitaria como órgano de expresión de las comunidades de esta subregión golpeada por la violencia, la exclusión y la impuesta llegada del desarrollo. ABSTRACT This current article, the result of a piece of research, introduces the various situations that the community channels, in the eastern region in Antioquia (Colombia), have to go through. In order to present the results, the text relates three moments: firstly, legal aspects governing the community television system, regulations that have controlled the public television in the country and its effects on the development of the local community television system; in Colombia; secondly, it delves into the need to understand modes of organization such as economic associations and their collective actions (Network Activities) as co-operative strategies for the work, and thirdly, it raises the role of the community television system as an organ of expression of the communities in this sub-region, struck by violence, exclusion, and the imposed arrival of development.

El presento texto nace a partir de una inquietud espistemológica y a su vez como pregunta orientadora en torno al papel de la escuela contemporánea y su importancia en el desarrollo de procesos de formación que van mas allá de la transmisión de conocimientos. La concepcion de la escuela como lugar de encuentro donde el diálogo permite compartir experiencias de vida, plantea reflexiones en torno al papel de los individuos en la construcción de conocimiento y de sentidos de vida, a la vez que la educación adquiere un significado propio y autentico en la medida en que se ha de concebir una escuela que traspasa institucionalidades y regímenes normativos; es una apuesta a considerar que los individuos en condición de jóvenes propician espacios vitales de construcción de conversaciones intersubjetivas donde compartir experiencias vitales y cotidianidades, resulta ser un ejercicio de construcción colectiva de saberes y afectos.

El presente texto pretende realizar un recuento histórico acerca del nacimiento de la institución educativa Politécnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid y de la organización estudiantil –OE- de la misma institución. Dicha organización ha generado espacios de discusión y debate con los diversos estamentos administrativos que la componen, además de ser una organización que pretende ser la portavoz de las inquietudes, necesidades, inconformidades, siendo ante todo una institución deliberativa en la que pueden participar tanto profesores, estudiantes y administrativos, y en la que se forman lideres y lideresas con conciencia social crítica.

Background: A limited number of single institutions have published retrospective cohort studies on transoral laser microsurgery for supraglottic laryngectomy (TLM-SGL). These studies have shown that the oncologic outcomes of TLM-SGL are comparable to those of open SGL. However, there is limited information available regarding swallowing rehabilitation and quality of life (QoL)., Patients and Methods: SUPRATOL is a prospective, multicenter trial assessing the functional outcomes of TLM-SGL +/- adjuvant radio-(chemo)-therapy. The primary endpoint was aspiration-free swallowing at 12 months, as established using fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) and defined as a grade < 6 on the penetration-aspiration scale. Secondary endpoints were swallowing- and voice-related QoL, the prevalence of temporary and permanent tracheostomy and percutaneous gastrostomy, local control, laryngectomy-free survival, overall survival, and disease-free survival, as well as the influence of treatment centers on outcomes., Results: From April 2015 to February 2018, 102 patients were recruited from 26 German Otorhinolaryngology (ORL) hospitals. All patients had TLM-SGL and 96.1% underwent uni- or bilateral, mostly selective neck dissection. To 47.0% of patients, adjuvant radio-(chemo)-therapy (R(C)T) was administered. The median follow-up period was 24.1 months. At 12-month follow-up, completed by 84.3% of patients, 98.2%, 95.5%, and 98.8% were free of aspiration when tested with saliva, liquid, or pulp. Adjuvant R(C)T, pT category, and type of resection had no significant influence on swallowing rehabilitation. A total of 40.2% of patients had been tracheotomized, and in 46.1% of patients, a PEG tube was inserted. At the 24-month follow-up, 5.3% of patients still required a tracheostomy, and 8.0% continued to use a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube. Deterioration of swallowing- and voice-related QoL was observed immediately after treatment, but patients recovered, and baseline values were reached again. The Kaplan-Meier 2-year rates for local control, laryngectomy-free survival, overall survival, and disease-free survival were 88%, 92%, 93%, and 82%, respectively., Conclusions: Our prospective multicenter trial shows that, at 12 months post-TLM-SGL +/- R(C)T, 95.5%-98.8% of patients achieved aspiration-free swallowing. Morbidity was higher than previously reported. The rates of permanent tracheostomy and gastrostomy tube placement correspond to previous cohort studies. The 2-year oncologic outcomes are within the reported range., Clinical Trial Registration: https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00004641, identifier (DRKS00004641)., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2024 Ambrosch, Meuret, Dietz, Fazel, Fietkau, Tostmann, Schroeder, Lammert, Künzel, Jäckel, Boeger, Scherl, Deitmer, Breitenstein, Delank, Hilber, Vester, Knipping, Harreus, Scheich, Bartel, Plontke, Koscielny, Veit, Greve, Schilling, Linxweiler, Weiß, Psychogios, Arens, Wittekindt, Oeken, Grosheva and Borzikowsky.)

Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are frequent epithelial malignancies and afflicted with a poor prognosis. The majority of these cancers are treated with surgical resection and local recurrences are predominantly responsible for a fatal outcome. In order to provide a better understanding of the development of these local recurrences after surgical ablation, we developed an orthotopic floor-of-mouth squamous cell carcinoma murine model, in which local recurrences occur at a high frequency (55%, 8 out of 15 mice) within 6-21 days after microsurgical removal of the primary. Expression of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) in the cancer cells allows in this new model to confirm complete surgical resection under the microscope and helps to track repopulating primary tumor cells in the local recurrence by optical imaging. In addition the model resembles all typical features of invasive head and neck cancers including the formation of lymph node metastasis and local infiltration.