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Durch blended mobility und blended learning kann die virtuelle Mobilität Studierender gefördert werden. Dabei kommen insbesondere medienpädagogisch relevante Lehrformate wie digitales Lernen, auch als peer-learning, oder auch virtuelle Kooperationsformate u.a.m. zum Einsatz. Der Aufsatz untersucht anhand der Befunde eines aktuellen Projekts der Autor*innen, wie sich solche Formate in der pandemischen Hochschullehre nutzen lassen und welche Potentiale für die künftige postpandemische akademische Lehre gewonnen werden können.

PurposeTo determine if pelvic/ovarian and omental lesions of ovarian cancer can be reliably segmented on computed tomography (CT) using fully automated deep learning-based methods.Materials and MethodsA deep learning model for the two most common disease sites of high grade serous ovarian cancer lesions (pelvis/ovaries and omentum) was developed and compared against the well-established “no-new-Net” (nnU-Net) framework and unrevised trainee radiologist segmentations. A total of 451 pre-treatment and post neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) CT scans collected from four different institutions were used for training (n=276), hyper-parameter tuning (n=104) and testing (n=71) of the methods. The performance was evaluated using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and compared using a Wilcoxon test on paired resultsResultsOur model outperforms the nnU-Net framework by a significant margin for both disease (validation: p=1×10-4,1.5×10-6, test: p=0.004, 0.005) and it does not perform significantly different from a trainee radiologist for the pelvic/ovarian lesions (p=0.392). On an independent test set (n=71), the model achieves a performance of 72±19 mean DSC for the pelvic/ovarian and 64±24 for the omental lesions.ConclusionAutomated ovarian cancer segmentation on CT using deep neural networks is feasible and achieves performance close to a trainee-level radiologist for pelvic/ovarian lesions.SummaryDeep learning-based models were used to assess whether fully automated segmentation is feasible for the main two disease sites in high grade serous ovarian cancer.Key PointsFirst automated approach for pelvic/ovarian and omental ovarian cancer lesion segmentation on CT images.Automated segmentation of ovarian cancer lesions can be comparable with manual segmentation of trainee radiologists with three years of experience in oncological and gynecological imaging.Careful hyper-parameter tuning can provide models significantly outperforming strong state-of-the-art baselines.

Effects of coating materials on emulsion, physical (moisture content, water activity, particle density, bulk properties, wettability and product yield) and chemical (total and surface phenolic content and encapsulation efficiency) properties of encapsulated propolis, rich in bioactive substances, were investigated with two different methods (spray and freeze drying). Emulsion properties have an effect on physical and chemical properties of the final product, which varied according to the encapsulation method used and the differences in coating materials combination. These variations resulted from the differences in the heat and mass transfer mechanism of the processes. The product yield of the freeze dryer experiments was generally higher than the spray dryer experiments; since the product loss in the freeze dryer method was only due to the adhesion of the emulsions to the equipment's glass plate surface. Encapsulation efficiency varied in a narrow range for both drying methods and these results were above 95%. High microencapsulation efficiency values of powders proved that the encapsulation processes are carried out effectively. ? 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Objective To determine the accuracy of interpretation of a non-contrast MRI protocol in characterizing adnexal masses. Methods and materials Two hundred ninety-one patients (350 adnexal masses) who underwent gynecological MRI at our institution between the 1st of January 2008 and the 31st of December 2018 were reviewed. A random subset (102 patients with 121 masses) was chosen to evaluate the reproducibility and repeatability of readers’ assessments. Readers evaluated non-contrast MRI scans retrospectively, assigned a 5-point score for the risk of malignancy and gave a specific diagnosis. The reference standard for the diagnosis was histopathology or at least one-year imaging follow-up. Diagnostic accuracy of the non-contrast MRI score was calculated. Inter- and intra-reader agreement was analyzed with Cohen’s kappa statistics. Results There were 53/350 (15.1%) malignant lesions in the whole cohort and 20/121 (16.5%) malignant lesions in the random subset. Good agreement between readers was found for the non-contrast MRI score (к = 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58–0.86) whilst the intra-reader agreement was excellent (к = 0.81, 95% CI 0.70–0.88). The non-contrast MRI score value of ≥ 4 was associated with malignancy with a sensitivity of 84.9%, a specificity of 95.9%, an accuracy of 94.2% and a positive likelihood ratio of 21 (area under the receiver operating curve 0.93, 95% CI 0.90–0.96). Conclusion Adnexal mass characterization on MRI without the administration of contrast medium has a high accuracy and excellent inter- and intra-reader agreement. Our results suggest that non-contrast studies may offer a reasonable diagnostic alternative when the administration of intravenous contrast medium is not possible. Key Points • A non-contrast pelvic MRI protocol may allow the characterization of adnexal masses with high accuracy. • The non-contrast MRI score may be used in clinical practice for differentiating benign from malignant adnexal lesions when the lack of intravenous contrast medium precludes analysis with the O–RADS MRI score.

Objective: The aim was to analyze the expression of Phosphatase and Tensin Homologous gene (PTEN) gene by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (iFISH), and localization and immunoreactivity of PTEN by immunocytochemistry method in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods: BAL samples collected from 30 patients diagnosed with NSCLC and from 10 control subjects without any malignancy were included. iFISH was performed with 10q23.3 PTEN DNA dual color FISH probe, analyzing multiple cells including normal cell (2G2R), biallelic deleted cell (2G), monoallelic deleted cell (2G1R), monosomic cell (1G1R) and atypical signals. Immunocytochemistry was based on Streptavidin-Biotin-Peroxidase method and PTEN levels were semi-quantitatively scored.Results: Percentage of cells with 2G/2R was 86.8% which was , significantly lower than that of control group (pPTEN gene was 6.43% among all patients. The Percentage of cells with monoallelic deletion (p=0.0246) and atypical signal (p=0.0001) and percentage of monosomic cells (p=0.0001) were significantly higher in patients compared to controls. PTEN immunopositivity was significantly increased in patients compared to controls (pPTEN expression in BAL by using molecular cytogenetic methods may guide the clinicians in differential diagnosis and therapeutic management of NSCLC. Being faster, easier, and cost-effective in routine testing, immunocytochemistry method can also be combined as a diagnostic tool with molecular methods.

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the use and types of hemostatic agents (HAs) used during partial nephrectomy (PN) and the relationship of the number of these agents used during surgery with tumor size, RENAL nephrometry score (NS), peroperative ischemia time, and postoperative pathology results.Materials and Methods:Records of patients, who had undergone PN in our clinic due to renal mass between January 2013 and February 2019, were retrospectively reviewed. Our study included 71 patients who were administered one or more HAs during PN. Demographic characteristics, operative data, and pathological results of patients, who were administered one or more HAs during PN, were recorded.Results:Cellulose-based agents and polytetrafluoroethylene pledgets were the most frequently used HAs (78.8% and 38%, respectively). The patients were divided into two groups according to tumor size (0-4 cm and larger than 4 cm tumors), RENAL NS (low and intermediate-high score), ischemia time (0-20 min and longer than 20 min), and tumor pathology result (benign and malignant tumor), and the number of HAs used in each group was compared. When the groups were compared separately in terms of number of HAs used, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups (p=0.323, p=0.183, p=0.618, and p=0.131, respectively).Conclusion:HAs are frequently used in our clinic to achieve hemostasis. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of HAs used between the groups.

Objectives: To examine the performance of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intraoperative frozen sectioning in the assessment of myometrial invasion during the early stages of endometrial cancer. Material and methods: This retrospective study employed data from patients with endometrial cancer who were operated on between January 2013 and November 2018. Patients who underwent preoperative MRI and were of FIGO 2009 stage I were included in the study. Radiological staging and intraoperative staging by frozen sectioning were carried out. The data were analyzed to assess agreement of the overall results concerning myometrial invasion. Results: In total, 222 patients were enrolled. Their mean age was 58.3 ± 8.5 years. The accuracy of MRI for the detection of myometrial invasion was 88.7% and its sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were 91.6%, 82.1%, 92.2%, and 80.9%, respectively, with a kappa coefficient of 0.734 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.684–0.784; p < 0.001). The accuracy of intraoperative frozen sectioning was 94.4%, and its sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 97.7%, 85.7%, 94.7%, and 93.4%, respectively, with a kappa coefficient of 0.856 (95% CI, 0.812–0.900; p < 0.001). No significant difference in accuracy was observed between MRI and frozen sectioning (p = 0.057). MRI and frozen sectioning were sensitive for the detection of myometrial invasion, according to receiver operating curve analyses (areas under the curve, 0.869 and 0.917, respectively; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The assessment of myometrial invasion by preoperative MRI and intraoperative frozen sectioning during the early stages of endometrial carcinoma was highly accurate.

Serous borderline ovarian tumours (SBOTs) are an intermediate group of neoplasms, which have features between benign and malignant ovarian tumours and for which, fertility-sparing surgery can be offered. MRI in imaging of SBOTs is, therefore, crucial in raising the possibility of the diagnosis, in order to present the patient with the most appropriate treatment options. There are characteristic MRI features that SBOTs demonstrate. In addition, recent advanced techniques, and further classification into subtypes within the borderline group have been developed. The aim of this article is to review the MRI features of SBOT and provide the reporter with an awareness of the imaging tips and tricks in the differential diagnosis of SBOT.

Although rare, uterine sarcoma is a diagnosis that no one wants to miss. Often benign leiomyomas (fibroids) and uterine sarcomas can be differentiated due to the typical low T2 signal intensity contents and well-defined appearances of benign leiomyomas compared to the suspicious appearances of sarcomas presenting as large uterine masses with irregular outlines and intermediate T2 signal intensity together with possible features of secondary spread. The problem is when these benign lesions are atypical causing suspicious imaging features. This article provides a review of the current literature on imaging features of atypical fibroids and uterine sarcomas with an aide-memoire BET

Funder: Horizon 2020; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100007601, Funder: Cancer Research UK, Funder: Mark Foundation For Cancer Research; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100014599, Purpose: To develop a precision tissue sampling technique that uses computed tomography (CT)–based radiomic tumour habitats for ultrasound (US)-guided targeted biopsies that can be integrated in the clinical workflow of patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Methods: Six patients with suspected HGSOC scheduled for US-guided biopsy before starting neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included in this prospective study from September 2019 to February 2020. The tumour segmentation was performed manually on the pre-biopsy contrast-enhanced CT scan. Spatial radiomic maps were used to identify tumour areas with similar or distinct radiomic patterns, and tumour habitats were identified using the Gaussian mixture modelling. CT images with superimposed habitat maps were co-registered with US images by means of a landmark-based rigid registration method for US-guided targeted biopsies. The dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was used to assess the tumour-specific CT/US fusion accuracy. Results: We successfully co-registered CT-based radiomic tumour habitats with US images in all patients. The median time between CT scan and biopsy was 21 days (range 7–30 days). The median DSC for tumour-specific CT/US fusion accuracy was 0.53 (range 0.79 to 0.37). The CT/US fusion accuracy was high for the larger pelvic tumours (DSC: 0.76–0.79) while it was lower for the smaller omental metastases (DSC: 0.37–0.53). Conclusion: We developed a precision tissue sampling technique that uses radiomic habitats to guide in vivo biopsies using CT/US fusion and that can be seamlessly integrated in the clinical routine for patients with HGSOC. Key Points: • We developed a prevision tissue sampling technique that co-registers CT-based radiomics–based tumour habitats with US images. • The CT/US fusion accuracy was high for the larger pelvic tumours (DSC: 0.76–0.79) while it was lower for the smaller omental metastases (DSC: 0.37–0.53).

Background Calyceal diverticulum is the cystic eventration of the upper urinary tract within the renal parenchyma, which gives the first impression of a simple renal cyst and therefore can easily be misdiagnosed. We conducted a study to assess the role of static-fluid magnetic resonance (MR) urography in the differentiation of renal parenchymal cysts and calyceal diverticulum in comparison with focused renal ultrasonography (US). Methods Focused renal US, static-fluid, and excretory MR urography studies of 45 children who were admitted to our pediatric nephrology department with a diagnosis of renal cyst were reviewed retrospectively. Excretory MR urography was accepted as gold standard for the diagnosis of calyceal diverticulum. Sensitivity and specificity of focused renal US and static fluid MR urography in the diagnosis of renal calyceal diverticulum were assessed. Interobserver agreement between three radiologists in the diagnosis of calyceal diverticulum on MRI was also evaluated. Results The study included 29 patients (13 boys and 16 girls) aged between 6-18 years (mean 11.5 ± 4.1). Five calyceal diverticula and 24 solitary renal parenchymal cysts were diagnosed. The sensitivity and the specificity of focused renal US were 40% and 100% in the diagnosis of calyceal diverticulum. The sensitivity and the specificity of static-fluid MR urography were 100% and 91.6%, respectively. The degree of interobserver agreement was excellent for the diagnosis of diverticulum for static-fluid MR urography (κ = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.71-1.00). Conclusions Static-fluid MR urography can be successfully used in children for the differentiation of renal parenchymal cyst and calyceal diverticulum due to its high sensitivity and specificity, without exposing children to ionizing radiation or intravenous contrast agents.

Objectives To investigate the association between CT imaging traits and texture metrics with proteomic data in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Methods This retrospective, hypothesis-generating study included 20 patients with HGSOC prior to primary cytoreductive surgery. Two readers independently assessed the contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) images and extracted 33 imaging traits, with a third reader adjudicating in the event of a disagreement. In addition, all sites of suspected HGSOC were manually segmented texture features which were computed from each tumor site. Three texture features that represented intra- and inter-site tumor heterogeneity were used for analysis. An integrated analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data identified proteins with conserved expression between primary tumor sites and metastasis. Correlations between protein abundance and various CT imaging traits and texture features were assessed using the Kendall tau rank correlation coefficient and the Mann-Whitney U test, whereas the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was reported as a metric of the strength and the direction of the association. P values Results Four proteins were associated with CT-based imaging traits, with the strongest correlation observed between the CRIP2 protein and disease in the mesentery (p p = 0.047, τ = 0.326). Conclusion This study provides the first insights into the potential associations between standard-of-care CT imaging traits and texture measures of intra- and inter-site heterogeneity, and the abundance of several proteins. Key Points • CT-based texture features of intra- and inter-site tumor heterogeneity correlate with the abundance of several proteins in patients with HGSOC. • CT imaging traits correlate with protein abundance in patients with HGSOC.

Background: Efforts to reveal the cystic duct and the cystic artery during standard cholecystectomy in Mirizzi Syndrome (MS) without preoperative or intraoperative diagnosis increase the risk of biliary and vascular injury due to intense fibrosis in the Calot’s triangle. We aim to evaluate the postoperative results of a group of MS type I patients who were diagnosed by video scope intraoperatively and underwent laparoscopic modified subtotal cholecystectomy (LMSC) in the same session since safe dissection of Calot’s triangle could not be performed. Methods: Ten out of 1680 patients who underwent conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute or chronic cholecystitis between 2017 and 2019 were diagnosed with MS type I intraoperatively. These 10 patients underwent LMSC and their demographic characteristics, preoperative clinical histories, radiological images, intraoperative and postoperative findings were evaluated retrospectively. Intraoperative MS type determination and LMSC technique are explained. Results: The diagnoses of MS type I in all our cases were made laparoscopically with the help of a videoscope during the operation where safe dissection of the Calot’s triangle could not be performed in either elective or emergency cholecystectomy. LMSC was performed without leaving any cavity behind, and there was no need for any intervention at the operation site (suture, staple closure) since the cystic duct orifice was already obstructed due to fibrosis as visually verified by the camera. There were no intraoperative bile duct injuries or postoperative biliary fistula. None of our patients developed postcholecystectomy syndrome (range 1-38 months) Conclusion: The LMSC is a safe procedure in the diagnosis and surgery of MS type I where safe dissection of Calot’s triangle could not be performed

Background Simulation-based nursing training helps students develop skills, such as critical thinking, decision making, and the ability to manage cases. Method A two-group, nonrandomized, and quasi-experimental study examined the effect of using classical and simulation-based pediatric nursing training on students' perception of self-efficacy and anxiety levels as measured by the State–Trait Anxiety Scale. Cognitive learning and social learning theories guided our study. Participants were third-year undergraduate nursing students taking a pediatric nursing course from the same instructor during two different academic years in Turkey. The control group included 115 students selected from the spring term of the 2013 to 2014 education year, and the experimental group included 112 students selected from the spring term of the 2014 to 2015 education year. Results The simulation-based nursing training group's perception of self-efficacy was significantly higher in pediatric assessment, taking anthropometric measurements and vital signs, some medication administration, and care activities ( p p Conclusion Simulation-based nursing training enhances pediatric nursing students' perception of self-efficacy about their practice skills while reducing their anxiety level.

Objective: To assess the value of non-contrast MRI features for characterisation of uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) and differentiation from atypical benign leiomyomas Methods: This study included 57 atypical leiomyomas and 16 LMS which were referred pre-operatively for management review to the specialist gynaeoncology multidisciplinary team meeting. Non-contrast MRIs were retrospectively reviewed by five independent readers (three senior, two junior) and a 5-level Likert score (1-low/5-high) was assigned to each mass for likelihood of LMS. Evaluation of qualitative and quantitative MRI features was done using uni- and multivariable regression analysis. Inter-reader reliability for the assessment of MRI features was calculated by using Cohen’s κ values. Results: In the univariate analysis, interruption of the endometrial interface and irregular tumour shape had the highest odds ratios (ORs) (64.00, p < 0.001 and 12.00, p = 0.002, respectively) for prediction of LMS. Likert score of the mass was significant in prediction (OR, 3.14; p < 0.001) with excellent reliability between readers (ICC 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76–0.92). The post-menopausal status, interruption of endometrial interface and thickened endometrial stripe were the most predictive independent variables in multivariable estimation of the risk of leiomyosarcoma with an accuracy of 0.88 (95%CI, 0.78–0.94). Conclusion: At any level of expertise as a radiologist reader, the loss of the normal endometrial stripe (either thickened or not seen) in a post-menopausal patient with a myometrial mass was highly likely to be LMS. Advances in knowledge: This study demonstrates the potential utility of non-contrast MRI features in characterisation of LMS over atypical leiomyomas, and therefore influence on optimal management of these cases.

Although rare, uterine sarcoma is a diagnosis that no one wants to miss. Often benign leiomyomas (fibroids) and uterine sarcomas can be differentiated due to the typical low T2 signal intensity contents and well-defined appearances of benign leiomyomas compared to the suspicious appearances of sarcomas presenting as large uterine masses with irregular outlines and intermediate T2 signal intensity together with possible features of secondary spread. The problem is when these benign lesions are atypical causing suspicious imaging features. This article provides a review of the current literature on imaging features of atypical fibroids and uterine sarcomas with an aide-memoire BET1T2ER Check! to help identify key features more suggestive of a uterine sarcoma.

Flowered verticillasters of Sideritis lycia Boiss. & Heldr. and Sideritis libanotica Labill. subsp. linearis (Benth.) Bornm. are used as herbal tea. In the present study, these plants were tried to be cultivated and phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of the wild and cultivated plants were compared. Total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of S. lycia and S. libanotica subsp. linearis were found in the range of 16.05-18.04 and 9.16-10.49 g gallic acid equivalent/kg dw, 9.70-14.30 and 5.41-9.68 g catechin equivalent/kg dw and 6.57-8.71 and 13.88-19.04 g dw/g DPPH, respectively. Total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of the wild plants were determined to be higher than cultivated samples. Major phenolic acids were p-coumaric, caffeic and ferulic acids, while the main flavonoids were quercetin, morin and apigenin. Consecutive harvesting year and storage period did not cause remarkable differences on the analysed parameters, in general. Phenolic compounds of the both plants were decreased during storage, in general. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Kefir microencapsulation was optimised using Box–Behnken's response surface methodology. Product yield, moisture, water activity, bulk density, hygroscopicity, colour, wettability, solubility, particle size, pH, titratable acidity and microstructure were analysed. The viable counts of lactobacilli, lactococci and yeasts in the kefir microcapsules were found in the range of 9.03–9.92 log cfu/g, 9.56–11.51 log cfu/g and 3.09–5.90 log cfu/g, respectively. Sensory evaluation indicated that reconstituted samples obtained from microencapsulated kefir samples had high and/or full scores for flavour, appearance/colour and structure/texture. Addition of hydrocolloids to kefir before spray-drying provided sufficient stability for the powdered product.

Objective Knowing the origin of the inferior phrenic artery (IPA) is important prior to surgical interventions and interventional radiological procedures related to IPA. We aimed to identify variations in the origin of IPA and to investigate the relationship between the origin of IPA and celiac axis variations using computed tomography angiography (CTA). Materials and methods The CTA images of 1000 patients (737 male and 263 female, the mean age 60, range 18-94 years) were reviewed in an analysis of IPA and celiac axis variations. The origin of IPA was divided into two groups, those originating as a common trunk and those originating independently without a truncus. The relationship between the origin of IPA and celiac axis variation was analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test. Results Both IPAs originated from a common trunk in 295 (29.5%) patients. From which the majority of the common trunk originated from the aorta. Contrastingly, the inferior phrenic arteries originated from different origins in 705 (70.5%) patients. The majority of the right inferior phrenic artery (RIPA) and the left inferior phrenic artery (LIPA) originated independently from the celiac axis. Variation in the celiac axis were detected in 110 (11%) patients. The origin of IPA was found to be significantly different in the presence of celiac axis variation. Conclusion The majority of IPA originated from the aorta in patients with a common IPA trunk, while the majority of RIPA and LIPA originating from the celiac axis in patients without a common IPA trunk. Thus, the origin of IPA may widely differ in the presence of celiac axis variation.

The duplication of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare congenital anomaly, which also has some variations regarding the complex embryological development of the IVC. In the typical form, infrarenal IVC segments are duplicated and the left IVC joins the left renal vein, which crosses anterior to the aorta in the normal fashion to join the right IVC. In variant forms, the interruption of the intrahepatic segment of the IVC, azygos or hemiazygos continuation, or retroaortic course of the renal vein may be seen. An intrahepatic venous shunt accompanying a double IVC variant is an extremely rare anomaly. We report a case of 40-year-old female patient with double IVC, hemiazygos continuation, intrahepatic IVC interruption, and a transhepatic venous shunt.

INTRODUCTION: Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) are hypointense lesions detected in T2 gradient ECO sequences, smaller than 5 mm in diameter, and are sensitive to blood-degradation products such as hemosiderin. We investigated the effects of CMK on hematoma volume and prognosis in patients with intracerebral hematoma. METHODS: Fifty patients with intracerebral hemorrhage who underwent gradient EKO and SWI sequences and hospitalized in neurology clinic between 2012 -2016 were included. Patients with surgical intervention, aneurysm hemorrhages, and subarachnoid, subdural, and epidural hemorrhages were excluded. Hematomas due to hypertension and unknown etiology were included. Hospitalization duration, NIHSS scores at admission and discharge, vascular risk factors, use of antithrombotic and anticoagulants were recorded. RESULTS: 27 patients had foci of microbleeds, and 23 patients did not have any. Female /Male ratio was 19/31. The mean age of those with microbleeds was 67.07 ± 12.64, and those without microbleeds was 65.65 ± 14.65. Hematoma localizations were determined as lobar (n: 19), basal ganglion (n: 15) and thalamus (n: 10) respectively. Sixteen had subcortical and 11 had cortical localization of CMB. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We suggested that CMB has no significant effect on prognosis and is independent of HT, DM, smoking and antithrombotic or anticoagulant therapy. There was no correlation between hematoma localization and existence of CMBs. Hematoma volumes were similar in both groups. There was no difference between groups in terms of CMBs’ localization. Although it was concluded that CMB had no effect on hematoma prognosis and not affected by other risk factors, studies are needed to elucidate their etiology with large group prospective randomized trials.

The effects of hot air, microwave, and combined microwave/hot air roasting on physical and chemical properties of carob powder were determined. The comparison of different roasting processes was evaluated whether the combined microwave/hot air roasting could be an alternative to other roasting methods or not. The moisture content (2.86%–5.03%), water activity (0.20–0.35), and pH (4.94–5.12) values of the carob powder decreased by increasing microwave power and roasting time; whereas total phenolic content (10.13–13.74 mg/g dm), total antioxidant activity (0.69–1.53 g/mg DPPH), browning index (23.57–70.30), and UV absorbance (427.41–701.05) increased. Hunter L (41.54–55.28) and b (16.45–20.91) values of the carob powder decreased after roasting while color value a (8.88–20.91) increased. The main sugar was sucrose (317.54–347.68 mg/kg), followed by fructose (80.98–90.11 mg/kg), and glucose (45.16–62.19 mg/kg). Roasting process reduced the sugar content while increased the d‐pinitol (62.41–76.71 mg/kg) content. The main volatile was isobutyric acid (acidic/butter odor). Hot air and the combined microwave/hot air roasted samples showed similar volatile and sensorial profile. According to the results, the combined microwave/hot air roasting consumed 50% less energy than the hot air roasting and got the best sensory scores. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The effects of microwave, hot air, and the combined microwave/hot air roasting processes on the properties of carob powder were first investigated. d‐pinitol content of carob was increased by roasting processes. Different roasting processes increased organoleptic properties of carob powder. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of carob powder increased by roasting. The combined microwave/hot air roasting consumed 50% less energy than the hot air roasting and it is recommended to produce carob powder with preferable product quality.

To evaluate the characteristics of images generated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and changes in the mass-like lesion (MLL) during the follow-up of patients who underwent partial nephrectomy (PN) with the intra-operative use of hemostatic agents (HAs). The records of patients who had undergone PN in our clinic due to renal mass between January 2013 and August 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Our study included 47 patients who were administered one or more HAs during the PN and who received diffusion and dynamic MRI at the post-operative 2nd/4th Queryand 12th month. MLL is defined as T2 heterogeneous, intermediate-signal intensity bolster-related mass with a pseudocapsule in the renal parenchymal defect. When we looked at the morphological changes of MLL, the mean largest axial dimensions of masses were 27.3 (range 12.2–44.7) mm in the first follow-up period (2nd/4th months) and 21.2 (range 11–44.7) mm in the 12th month follow-up period. The average change in size of MLL was − 0.66 mm/month. We did not see any significant relationship between observation of MLL in the post-operative follow-up MRI images and the use of HAs such as Surgicel®, Spongostan®, and autologous fatty tissue as well as the amount of the agents used in PN operations (p = 0.405, p = 0.159, respectively). The distinction of MLL causing bolster-related mass and granulomatosis tissue from relapse/recurrence can be made based on the change in mass size observed in the MR images and image characteristics.

This study aimed to produce capsaicin microcapsules with suppressed pungency, retaining chemical structure and biological activities. Encapsulation was performed using spray chilling where a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was preferred in the optimization study. Effects of homogenization rate, ratio of sunflower seed oil in the palm oil, inlet temperature and rate of capsaicin in the emulsion on the microencapsulation efficiency and release of the capsaicin microcapsules were determined using an in vitro gastrointestinal model. Microencapsulation efficiencies were found to be in 78.48–98.17%. Double-layered microencapsulation reduced the amounts of surface capsaicin and capsaicin released in the in vitro model (oral and stomach systems). The Scoville Heat Unit (SHU) of the encapsulated capsaicin powder was reduced by 4500 times as compared to the pure capsaicin. Thus we propose the commercial level spray chilling microencapsulation of capsaicin to make it edible for those who cannot consume it due to their pungency sensitivity.

Objective To compare the utility of computed tomography perfusion (CTP) and three different 4-point scoring systems in computed tomography angiography (CTA) in confirming brain death (BD) in patients with and without skull defects. Materials and Methods Ninety-two patients clinically diagnosed as BD using CTA and/or CTP for confirmation were retrospectively reviewed. For the final analysis, 86 patients were included in this study. Images were re-evaluated by three radiologists according to the 4-point scoring systems that consider the vessel opacification on 1) the venous phase for both M4 segments of the middle cerebral arteries (MCAs-M4) and internal cerebral veins (ICVs) (A60-V60), 2) the arterial phase for the MCA-M4 and venous phase for the ICVs (A20-V60), 3) the venous phase for the ICVs and superior petrosal veins (ICV-SPV). The CTP images were independently reviewed. The presence of an open skull defect and stasis filling was noted. Results Sensitivities of the ICV-SPV, A20-V60, A60-V60 scoring systems, and CTP in the diagnosis of BD were 89.5%, 82.6%, 67.4%, and 93.3%, respectively. The sensitivity of A20-V60 scoring was higher than that of A60-V60 in BD patients (p < 0.001). CTP was found to be the most sensitive method (86.5%) in patients with open skull defect (p = 0.019). Interobserver agreement was excellent in the diagnosis of BD, in assessing A20-V60, A60-V60, ICV-SPV, CTP, and good in stasis filling (κ: 0.84, 0.83, 0.83, 0.83, and 0.67, respectively). Conclusion The sensitivity of CTA confirming brain death differs between various proposed 4-point scoring systems. Although the ICV-SPV is the most sensitive, evaluation of the SPV is challenging. Adding CTP to the routine BD CTA protocol, especially in cases with open skull defect, could increase sensitivity as a useful adjunct.

Summary Objective Calyceal diverticulum (CD) is rarely diagnosed in children. It mimics other cystic lesions of the kidney and may be very difficult to identify. Displaying the communication of these fluid-filled cavities with the collecting system of the kidney via imaging methods is the key diagnostic method. The purpose of this study is to determine the presence of calyceal diverticulum in pediatric patients followed up due to simple renal cyst and/or parapelvic cyst. Material, and method Patients who were newly diagnosed or being followed up with the ultrasonographic diagnosis of simple cyst(s) or parapelvic cyst(s) in the Department of Pediatric Nephrology of Izmir University of Health Sciences Tepecik Training and Research Hospital between December 2015 and July 2018 were included in the study. Age, gender, admission symptoms, recurrent urinary tract infections, stone disease, trauma history, accompanying urinary system and systemic anomalies, localization, and size of the cyst(s) at admission and during follow-up, treatment type and developing complications were noted. Contrast MR urography was applied to all patients. Results A total of 43 patients [mean age:132 ± 54.9 (12–228) months] including 25 girls were enrolled in the study. The mean follow-up period was 36. 74 ± 19 (1–90) months. The cysts were located mostly in the right kidney and also in the upper pole of the kidney. The mean cyst size was 20.4 ± 11 (8–58) mm at admission, and comparably 20.3 ± 8.6 (10–45) mm at the end of the follow-up. In contrast MR urography, a total of 16 cases were observed at first glance to be associated with pelvicalyceal system. However, in the postcontrast images taken at the 5th minute it was determined that 9 of them were compatible with calyceal diverticulum. Conclusion Although it is thought that well-circumscribed solitary renal fluid collections may be thought to be a simple renal cyst at first glance, the differential diagnosis of calyceal diverticulum (CD) should be absolutely kept in mind. Contrast studies and late-phase postcontrast images are needed for the diagnosis of CD. Although the standard management of CDs in children is conservative, surgical intervention may be rarely required. Download : Download high-res image (246KB) Download : Download full-size image

In treating wounds, long lasting infection is considered the major impediment. Drugs are rendered ineffective by pathogenic microorganisms via antibiotic resistance and calls for designing and development of new drugs. Herein, we report synthesis of eight different N-alkylated pyridine-based organic salts QAS 1–8 and their antibacterial, antibiofilm and wound healing activities. 3-(2-R-hydrazinecarbonyl)-1-propylpyridinium Bromide was the parent compound while R group was varying in each salt composed of different aromatic aldehyde moieties. In the antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli, amoxicillin shows IC50 near to 25 µg/mL inhibiting 58 ± 0.4% S. aureus while ceftriaxone inhibited 55 ± 0.5% E. coli at a concentration of 10 µg/mL. The highest IC50 (56 ± 0.5% against S. aureus; 55 ± 0.5% against E. coli) was shown by compound QAS 7 at the concentration of 100 µg/mL; followed by the QAS 6 (55 ± 0.5% against E. coli) and QAS 2 (55 ± 0.5% against E. coli). In the antibiofilm activity, QAS 6, QAS 1 and QAS 8 inhibited 58 ± 0.4% S. aureus at a concentration of 75 µg/mL, while QAS 2 inhibited E. coli at the same concentration and amount. QAS 7, 3 and 1 inhibited almost 90% while QAS 6 inhibited 95 ± 1.1%of E. coli at a concentration of 250 µg/mL. Highest MBIC was provided by QAS 7 (52 ± 0.4%) against S. aureus at a concentration of 50 µg/mL that is very near to the standard amoxicillin. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity results were also supported by the atomic force microscopy (AFM). In the wound healing activity, QAS 8 healed 90.8 ± 4.3% of the wound in 21 days with an average period of epithelialization (POE) of 19 ± 1.4 days; that is far better than povidone iodine ointment (81.5 ± 3.3% of the wound in the 21 days with 22.4 ± 2.9 days of POE). It is concluded from this study that the synthesized compounds QAS 2, 7 and 8 can be used for further mechanistic studies to be employed as antibacterial, antibiofilm and wound healing agents.

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Although the liver and lung are the most common sites of hydatid disease, it can also be seen in other organs due to migration via systemic circulation, Paraspinal lumbar hydatid disease without the involvement of other organs is extremely rare, We aimed to present the imaging and histopathological findings of a case with painful lumbar swelling that was later diagnosed as primary lumbar paraspinal hydatid disease. Hydatid disease should be considered as the differential diagnosis in patients with a lumbar paraspinal mass, particularly that containing multiple well-defined, round, small cysts, and in patients living in or traveling to endemic regions.

This study aims to investigate the effects of microwave, combined microwave/hot air treatment and hot air-only roasting on the formation of heat-induced contaminants of carob powders. Moisture content, water activity and pH values of the product decreased with the increasing roasting time and microwave power, while browning index (BI) and ultraviolet absorbance (UV-A) values were increased. While L and b values of carob powders decreased with increasing the roasting time and microwave power, a and ΔE values were increased. Varying roasting conditions also significantly affected the content of Maillard reaction products (MRPs): 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) (0.69-28.32 mg/kg dry matter), furfural (LOD-10.44 mg/kg dm), furan (6.65-10.26 mg/kg dm) and acrylamide (78.69-122.87 µg/kg dm). MRPs contents increased with increasing the roasting time and microwave power. The highest MRPs were found in the samples roasted at 140°C for 20 min by hot air. Significant correlations between the amount of MRPs and colour values were found, especially with a and b values.

Sahin H, Pekcevik Y. Pulmonary artery sling anomaly presenting with unilateral lung hyperinflation: A case report. Turk J Pediatr 2018; 60: 194-197. Left pulmonary artery sling is a rare congenital pulmonary artery anomaly which presents with tracheal compression due to vascular ring formation. Rarely, patients may present with hyperinflation or collapse of a lung unilaterally.We present a one-month-old infant with dyspnea who had a hyperinflated left lung and collapsed right lung. Computed tomography (CT) angiography demonstrated pulmonary sling causing compression of proximal parts of right and left main bronchi. This case highlights the importance of three-dimensional CT angiography in evaluation of thoracic vascular anomalies associated with tracheobronchial pathologies.

ObjectiveThe aim of this retrospective single-center study was to evaluate the relationship between maximum tumor size, tumor volume, tumor volume ratio (TVR) based on preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) volumetry, and negative histological prognostic parameters (deep myometrial invasion [MI], lymphovascular space invasion, tumor histological grade, and subtype) in International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I endometrial cancer.Methods/MaterialsPreoperative pelvic MR imaging studies of 68 women with surgical-pathologic diagnosis of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I endometrial cancer were reviewed for assessment of MR volumetry and qualitative assessment of MI. Volume of the tumor and uterus was measured with manual tracing of each section on sagittal T2-weighted images. Tumor volume ratio was calculated according to the following formula: TVR = (total tumor volume/total uterine volume) × 100. Receiver operating characteristics curve was performed to investigate a threshold for TVR associated with MI. The Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and linear regression analysis were applied to evaluate possible differences between tumor size, tumor volume, TVR, and negative prognostic parameters.ResultsReceiver operating characteristics curve analysis of TVR for prediction of deep MI was statistically significant (P = 0.013). An optimal TVR threshold of 7.3% predicted deep myometrial invasion with 85.7% sensitivity, 46.8% specificity, 41.9% positive predictive value, and 88.0% negative predictive value. Receiver operating characteristics curve analyses of TVR, tumor size, and tumor volume for prediction of tumor histological grade or lymphovascular space invasion were not significant. The concordance between radiologic and pathologic assessment for MI was almost excellent (κ value, 0.799; P < 0.001). Addition of TVR to standard radiologic assessment of deep MI increased the sensitivity from 90.5% to 95.2%.ConclusionsTumor volume ratio, based on preoperative MR volumetry, seems to predict deep MI independently in stage I endometrial cancer with insufficient sensitivity and specificity. Its value in clinical practice for risk stratification models in endometrial cancer has to be studied in larger cohort of patients.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate anatomic variants and anomalies of the circle of Willis using computed tomography angiography (CTA). Methods: CTA images of 770 patients obtained from Tepecik Training and Research Hospital between January 2012 to January 2017 were retrospectively reviewed to identify the anatomical vascular variations of the circle of Willis. Results: After exclusion, 751 patients (348 females, 403 males, mean age 54.6 years, range 18–90 years) were enrolled into the study. The anatomical variations related to the posterior communicating artery (PcoA) were the most common, whereas anatomical variations related to the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the least common variations among arteries. Hypoplasia of the A1 segment was the most common (14.6%) variation of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and fenestration of this artery was the least common variation (1,06%) observed only in A1 segment. Bilateral absence of the PcoA was seen in 27.56% of the patients. Fenestration was more commonly detected in anterior communicating artery (AcoA) (10.12%), followed by MCA (1.06%), ACA (1,06%) and PCA (0.67%). Duplication was the least common variation which was detected in MCA, AcoA and PcoA. Conclusion: Arterial variations of the circle of Willis are not rare and can be non-invasively evaluated using CTA.

The effect of different doses of supplemental ultraviolet-B (UV-B) illumination on yield, plant growth, biochemical changes and antioxidant activity of broccoli florets was evaluated. The broccoli plants were grown under three different supplemental UV-B illumination doses (2.2, 8.8 and 16.4 kJ m−2 d−1) in the glasshouse. Plant height decreased with increasing supplementary UV-B illumination dose. However, leaf thickness increased with increasing UV-B dose. Chlorophyll content in the leaves also increased during the growing period. The lowest chlorophyll content was found at 16.4 kJ m−2 d−1 UV-B dose. Total yield decreased with supplemental illumination, especially at 16.4 kJ m−2 d−1 illuminated dose. Total dry matter, total soluble solids, carotenoids, chlorophyll a and b content in broccoli florets decreased with increasing UV-B illumination dose. Conversley, ascorbic acid, sinigrin, total phenolic, and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity increased in UV-B illuminated florets. Surprisingly, glucotropaeolin content, one of the forms of glucosinolate in broccoli, was not affected significantly by UV-B illumination or enhanced by UV-B illumination doses.

We present brain magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion weighted imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectro- scopy findings in a 13-year-old patient who presented with vision loss and behavioral changes after trauma. Elevated measles antibody titers in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid confirmed the diagnosis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Introduction: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) currently helps many couples with male infertility. However, ICSI procedure may cause asynchronous sperm decondensation. This could introduce a risk for aneuploidy. The ICSI technique also could cause damage to the second meiotic spindle during injection and cause significantly abnormal pairing of chromosomes when compared with in vitro fertilization (IVF). In this study, we have examined whether ICSI has a higher incidence of aneuploidy when compared with IVF.Material and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 36 individuals. Common numbers of chromosome abnormalities were detected using fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH). Seven probes were used to detect chromosome X, Y, 13, 16, 18, 21, and 22. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis and presented as odd ratios with confidence intervals.Results: The age range was 26 through 44 (mean age 35.5) for IVF and 25 through 46 (mean age 35.8) for ICSI. From the 36 egg retrievals, 57 embryos were obtained from nine individuals using IVF and 183 embryos were obtained from 27 individuals using ICSI. For the IVF group, 37 of the 57 examined embryos were abnormal (65%), whereas 128 of 183 examined embryos were abnormal for the ICSI group (69.9%). Among the 57 embryos from the IVF cases, the number of absolute abnormal chromosomes were as follows: X&Y chromosomes: 4 (12.9%), chromosome 13: 9 (29%), chromosome 16: 7 (22.5%), chromosome 18: 6 (19.3%), chromosome 21: 8 (25.8%), chromosome 22: 10 (32.2%). For the ICSI embryos: X and Y chromosomes: 18 (14%), chromosome 13: 34 (26.5%), chromosome 16: 23 (18%), chromosome 18: 23 (18%), chromosome 21: 26 (20.3%), chromosome 22: 31 (24.2%). The odds ratios for the difference between IVF and ICSI for each chromosome were as follows: X&Y chromosomes: 1.53 (0.598-3.916), chromosome 13: 0.969 (0.443-2.122), chromosome 16: 0.709 (0.307-1.639), chromosome 18: 1.650 (0.650-4.188), chromosome 21: 0.777 (0.350-1.724), chromosome 22: 0.647 (0.311-1.348). Overall no significant difference between two insemination procedures was seen 0.948 (0.678-1.324).Conclusions: As a result; ICSI does not create a significantly higher aneuploidy number when compared with IVF as examined by FISH analysis of seven chromosome pairs.Keywords: Aneuploidy, infertility, ICSI, IVF, fluorescent in-situ hybridization

The effects of trauma in children are different due to association with some anatomical and physiological differences compared with adults. The role of neuroimaging gains importance in early detection of traumatic brain injuries and prevention of secondary post-traumatic complications. Many algorithms are described for children with head trauma to decide the necessity of a computed tomography scan. The aims of this article are to describe differences of these algorithms, the mechanism of traumatic brain injury with radiological imaging findings in the pediatric population, and explain complications of undiagnosed traumatic brain lesions.

The glenoid version is an important factor in the etiology of anterior dislocation of the shoulder and the planning of shoulder surgery. Few reports compare the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of the glenoid version with those of computed tomography (CT). This study aimed to show that it is possible to use MRI instead of CT, which is accepted as the gold standard today for the evaluation of the glenoid version. A total of 55 patients with a history of 1 nonsurgically treated unilateral anterior dislocation of the shoulder who had both MRI and CT records for the dislocated shoulders constituted the study group. The glenoid version was measured in the axial plane on MRI and CT. Mean glenoid version measured by the observers was −1.6°±4.7° (95% confidence interval, −2.3° to −0.8°) and −1.8°±4.3° (95% confidence interval, −2.5° to −1.2°) by CT and MRI, respectively ( P =.126). The evaluation of the CT and MRI measurements made by the 3 observers (X, Y, and Z) revealed no significant difference, as the P values of X CT - X MRI, Y CT - Y MRI, and Z CT - Z MRI were .550, .406, and .238, respectively. Interclass correlation among the 3 observers for CT and MRI was 0.996 and 0.981, respectively. The imaging methods of MRI and CT can be interchangeably used in the evaluation of the glenoid version in cases of anterior dislocation of the shoulder. [ Orthopedics. 2017; 40(4):e687–e692.]