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Introduction: Several studies show that there is a relationship between obesity and individual eating habits. Objective: To describe the relationship between dietary behavior and staturo-ponderal status in individuals of Kenitra. Materials and methods: This work was developed in Kenitra (February 01 to March 30, 2021), it was carried out on a sample of 100 subjects including both sexes with an age range between 18 and 65 years. Data are collected through a questionnaire that includes anthropometric measurements, dietary habits, age and gender. Results: Individuals who had three meals per day had a high BMI average (36.41 kg/m2) with a significant difference (p=0.0404) between BMI and the number of meals per day. As well as individuals who consumed high-fat foods, their mean BMI was high (36.41 kg/m2) with a significant difference (p=0,0120) between intake of high-fat foods and BMI. Conclusion: It is shown that there is a relationship between obesity and eating behavior, and obesity and eating high-fat foods, suggesting that controlling eating behavior helps individuals reduce body weight and have a normal high weight.

The uptake behavior of 197mHg, 194Au and 212Pb in HCl on CL resin (Triskem) was studied. The extraction of mercury and gold is high (Dw > 5,000) at all concentrations of HCl, with a maximum extraction of gold at 4 M HCl (Dw ~ 53,000) and maximum extraction of mercury at 0.01 M HCl (Dw ~ 44,000). Lead has moderate uptake on CL resin (Dw ~ 100) from lower concentrations of HCl (0.001 to 0.05 M) and no uptake on the resin in concentrations ≥ 0.4 M. The uptake kinetics are similar for all three isotopes with high weight distribution ratios (> 1,000 for 197mHg, 194Au and > 100 for 212Pb) in ~ 30 s and equilibrium established at ~ 5 min. A column study was performed to demonstrate that 197mHg, 194Au and 212Pb could be retained on CL resin in dilute HCl and 212Pb eluted in 1 M HCl with no detectable 197mHg or 194Au. Elution of 197mHg and 194Au was performed with concentrated HNO3, but with significant losses to the column, particularly for 194Au.

BACKGROUND: Infants and young children with high weight-for-length are at increased risk for obesity in later life. This study describes prevalence of high weight-for-length and examines changes during 2010–2018 among 11,366,755 infants and young children 3–23 months of age in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). METHODS: Children’s weights and lengths were measured. High weight-for-length was defined as ≥2 standard deviations above sex and age-specific median on World Health Organization growth charts. Adjusted prevalence differences (APDs) between years were calculated as 100 times marginal effects from logistic regression models. APD was statistically significant if 95% confidence interval did not include 0. RESULTS: Adjusted prevalence of high weight-for-length decreased from 2010 to 2014, and leveled off through 2018 overall, in boys and girls, those 6–11 and 18–23 months of age, and non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and Asians/Pacific Islanders. For 12–17 months old and American Indian/Alaska Native infants and young children, adjusted prevalence decreased from 2010 to 2014, and then increased slightly through 2018. Among 56 WIC state or territorial agencies, 33 had significant decreases between 2010 and 2018, whereas 8 had significant increases. Between 2014 and 2018, prevalence decreased significantly in 12 agencies and increased significantly in 23. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate overall declines in prevalence of high weight-for-length from 2010 to 2018, with a prevalence stabilization since 2014. Continued surveillance is needed. Obesity prevention strategies in WIC and multiple settings are important for ensuring healthy child growth.

Objectives To evaluate the impact of Facial radiance or Glow on the perception of age (PA) and to assess which facial signs most influence PA. Material and methods The faces of 1058 differently aged women (18-80 years) of six different ethnicities/countries (China, Japan, Korea, India, South Africa, and Brazil) were photographed under standard conditions. These allowed to focus on 20 different facial signs that were further graded by experts, using referential Atlases dedicated to facial aging. In each of the six countries, 100 local women were recruited as naive panels to express their perceptions on Glow and Age on each full-face photograph (blind coded) of the local studied woman. Results A decreased Glow/Radiance appears clearly associated with an increased perceived age in all studied subjects, especially among Chinese, Japanese, and South African women. With regard facial signs, Skin texture (Wrinkles of all kinds), Ptosis/Sagging, and Pigmentation signs prevail in almost all women at the exception of South African women where Pigmentation signs and Cheek skin pores largely predominate in the perception of both Glow and PA. Pigmentation signs are of a very high weight among Chinese and Japanese women. Conclusion Despite some collective agreements, the present study shows some specificities within the women of the six ethnicities/countries. PA, a core index of antiaging strategies, goes along with facial Glow in almost all studied women. The duller the facial skin, the older it is perceived.

Macrosomia is used to describe an infant born with excessively high weight, and it brings lots of unexpected risks in clinical work. Macrosomia causes considerable challenges for both physicians and pregnant women. Our objectives were to identify factors in gravida to be associated with the risk of macrosomia, to guide clinical prevention and treatment.The study assessed risk factors of macrosomia by comparison with normal birth weight neonates, and a case-control study was conducted at Shandong Provincial Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital. We followed and selected the relevant indicators of gravida who gave birth to macrosomia or normal infants, and applied statistical analysis to identify clinical indicators related to macrosomia.Maternal blood glucose (OR 3.88 (1.07, 14.15)), history of abnormal conception (OR 18.44 (1.05, 322.89)), situation of menarche (OR 13.53 (1.28, 142.66)), and menstrual cycle of gravida (OR 13.24 (1.17, 150.24)) were significant influencing factors of macrosomia, but did not appear in the univariate analysis. Adding gestational age at delivery (OR 4.00 (1.45, 11.09)), triglyceride (OR 0.01 (0.01, 0.40)), and MBI (OR 46.35 (2.08,99.99)) of pregnant women, the area under the curve (AUC) curve was drawn for forecasting the risk of macrosomia, and the value of AUC was 0.9174. The triglyceride blood index of pregnant women was the only one that was inversely proportional to the probability of giving birth to macrosomic infants. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (OR 0.29 (0.12, 0.72)) and total cholesterol (OR 0.39 (0.20, 0.75)) were important factors in univariate analysis, and both of them were negative correlation factors of macrosomia. All influencing factors in multivariate analysis were selected for drawing a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the value of the AUC was 0.9174.This analysis could therefore accurately predict the risk of pregnant women who would deliver macrosomic infants.

Sugarcane propagation is mostly done by stem cuttings aged 5 to 8 months. Sugarcane seeds in the form of stalks have limited storage capacity, the germination of seeds will decrease rapidly if the seeds are stored for too long time. The high weight and volume for the use of sugarcane seeds is one of the limiting factors if planting is to be carried out far from the seed breeding place. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the type and storage time of sugarcane seeds on the growth of sugarcane.The research was conducted at the Karangploso Experimental Garden Balittas in January-December 2016. The research was carried out in the field using a divided plot design with 3 replications. The main plot is the type of seed, namely B1 (bud sett) and B2 (bud chip). As subplots are the storage time P0 (without storage/control), P1 (24 hours storage), P2 (48 hours storage), and P3 (72 hours storage). The results showed that the germination power of bud set did not decrease significantly. The increase in germination and first count germination was noticeable at 24-72 h storage compared to control. The percentage of bud chip seed germination rate decreases with increasing storage time. In the polybags phase, the growth of bud sett seeds is faster than bud chip seeds. The growth of 3 months old plants after transplanting the number of seedlings of bud sets and bud chips was not significantly different. The variables of plant height, stem diameter and number of internodes were significantly different. All the observation variables at the age of 6 months showed no significant difference between bud set seeds and bud chip seeds.

An ejector is a gadget used to augment a liquid's release and strengthen its pressure by geometrically instigated additional streams. The throttling valve can be dispensed with the high-speed two-stage ejector since the ejector can remunerate throttling misfortune. The ejector can improve the presentation of the refrigeration cycle. Streams inside the ejectors are not all that simple that it is hard to clarify the best possible streams and the different properties of thermodynamics by some test methods. Unlikeness to describe the best possible material science inside the ejector, the scientific model is relatively useful compared to other procedures. This sort of investigation helps build the presentation of the ejector. Yet, numerical analyses are eventually creating, and not many examinations are succeeded because it is hard to analyze a rapid stream with the difference in the stage. These days, ejectors can be utilized to reduce spending vitality in the family unit and different modern applications. The ejector can improve the move of warmth, and it has the capacity to make a vacuum. The ejector isn't having any sort of powerful parts. On the off chance that we present an ejector as the underlying extension gadget, it can be improved the framework's coefficient of execution. By utilizing the quick high weight consolidating H2O ejector, discover the low weight gathering H2O and afterward convert the blended liquid's motor vitality into pressure vitality. That is the reason the outlet weight of the ejector is more when contrasted with the gulf pressure. In this review paper, the recent advances in the principle of working of ejectors are discussed, and it is observed that there is a great need to do further research in this area of importance.

The geoeducation and geotourism potential capabilities were quantitatively estimated in nine quarries locations in eastern Missan, SE Iraq. A quantitative approach is used to compute the scientific, educational, functional, and touristic categorises values for each quarry. categorised values were weighted for three types of audiences: university students, school pupils, and tourists then, the previous geoscientific studies about quarries areas were searches of different geoscience branches and registered. The results show that geoeducation values are greater than geotourism ones in all quarry sites. All quarries show high weight for the education values while the geotourism values are affected by functional infrastructure in each site. The diversity of scientific values of each site are also studied where the petroleum and hydrological activities increased the geoeducation weight of the specific site and supplied more geological knowledge.

Background and aims The most used indicator for the renal function is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Current used predictive GFR equations were calibrated on patients with chronic kidney disease. Thus, they are not very precise in healthy individuals. The estimation of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) allows the prediction of the daily urinary creatinine excretion (24hUCrE). This study proposes an equation for the estimation of GFR based on SMM (eGFRMuscle) and serum creatinine (SCr). Methods and results Four hundred sixty-six free-living men underwent a bioelectrical impedance analysis for the evaluation of SMM (kg), a blood withdrawal for the measurement of SCr (mg/dL), and a 24-h urinary collection for the assessment of 24hUCrE (g/24 h). The linear regression analysis between SMM and 24hUCrE and the measurement of SCr allowed developing a predictive equation of eGFRMuscle. The equation predicting eGFRMuscle (ml/min/1.73 m2) was SMM (kg) × 3.06/SCr (mg/dL). eGFRMuscle was statistically different from eGFR predicted by Cockroft–Gault, MDRD Study, and CKD-EPI equations (p = 0.017, p Conclusions The equation presented in this study results in age, weight, gender, and ethnicity independent because it arises directly from SMM estimation. Therefore, the proposed equation could allow evaluating the GFR also in healthy people with low, average, or high weight, and in older people, regardless of GFR and SCr levels.

BACKGROUND Device occlusion is a preferred treatment for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in adult and children patients; however, the exact limit of body weight requirement has not been established. This study aimed to describe the outcome and safety of transcatheter PDA occlusion in low and high weight pediatric patients. METHODS This was a retrospective study in Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, in patients aged 6 kg (n = 125). The success rates (complete closure) in the ?6 and >6 kg groups were, 90.0% and 75.9% at 24 hours follow-up, 92.9% and 85.5% at 1 month, and 95.8% and 91.1% at 3 months, respectively. Major complications related to the procedure in patients ?6 kg included transient dysrhythmia (n = 6) and massive bleeding (n = 2), and complications in patients >6 kg were transient dysrhythmia (n = 14), massive bleeding (n = 1), embolization (n = 1), and death (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS Transcatheter PDA occlusion had similar success rate and safety in both low and high weight pediatric patients.

Recent models of obesity and eating behaviour have implicated both automatic responding to food-related cues and executive functioning in driving dietary choice. This study aimed to relate grazing severity to high weight with and without significant eating disorder features via the effects of inhibition and degree of goal-directed behaviour, in persons with obesity with and without significant eating disorder features compared to healthy controls. Forty-four participants with obesity (43.1% endorsing marked eating disorder features), and 43 healthy-weight age- and sex-matched participants (N= 87; 67.8% female, age = 28.57 (8.70; 18.18–58.34) years, BMI = 29.18 (7.80; 18.65–51.95) kg/m2) completed demographic and eating disorder-related questionnaires, a neuropsychological task of inhibition and an instrumental decision-making task. Bootstrapped serial mediation analyses were performed to examine the effect of group on grazing via goal-directed behaviour and inhibition. While significant differences existed between the groups in terms of inhibition, goal-directed behaviour and grazing severity, the effect of group on grazing severity was not found to be mediated by the degree of behavioural goal-directedness and inhibition.Therefore, :in persons with obesity with or without eating disorder symptoms, putative relationships between a reduced inhibitory profile and/or behaviour that is less flexible and goal-directed and eating behaviours such as grazing, remain unclear.

The aim of this research is to develop an specialty sprayer for fruits. It is expected that the sprayer will be able to assist farmers in improving the quality of the fruit s . Sprayer is a pesticide applicator that is needed in eradicating and controlling plant pests and diseases. Problems that are often found in the sling type sprayer are the high weight of the sprayer and the short range of spraying so that it is not efficient nor effective for application with high tree s . The purpose of this research is to develop the design of fruit sprayer us ing the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. The data generated were analyzed using House of Quality. Results showed that i mportant weight values in the House of Quality analysis included the attributes of the spray lever, ease ness of operation and eas eness of mov ing with a score of 4.80, 4.46 and 4.50 , respectively. Based on the analysis, the s prayer was developed using a wheel drive system with the addition of wheels and spray levers that can be extended or shortened by adjusting the spray lever knock.

The concepts of over- and underreaction are frequently used in behavioral financial research to explain investor behavior and resulting market phenomena. This research often makes arbitrary assumptions about which of the two biases is prevalent in a specific situation although psychological research offers more explicit insights. Investors overreact towards information of low weight and underreact if the information has high weight (high reliability). We propose a model that transfers these experimental findings to a financial market setting. Our time-series and cross-sectional empirical analyses support the hypothesis that investors misperceive information weight, which leads to short-term predictability in returns.

The article data are provided on testing varieties of local and Russian selection for productivity, formation grain yield in the Central region of the Republic Karakalpakstan. Data on phenological observations, growth and development, as well as the productivity of the studied varieties are given. Varieties forming high productivity under extreme conditions were identified: Krasnodar 99, Antonina, Zvezda, Uzbekistan-25, Zvezda, Amangul, Aziz, Shortanbay 1, they distinguished by high productive bushiness and high weight of grain per ear compared to other varieties.

Penerima bantuan rumah untuk warga yang kurang mampu merupakan program bantuan pemerintah yang memiliki anggaran yang terbatas sehingga tidak semua masyarakat menerima bantuan rumah. Penentuan kriteria penerima bantuan rumah dapat dilihat dari 13 kriteria yaitu umur, pendidikan, pekerjaan, penghasilan, kepemilikan tanah, kepemilkan rumah, jumlah pengghuni, kondisi atap, kondisi dinding, kondisi lantai, kepemilikan kamar mandi, sumber air, sumber listrik. Untuk mendapatkan penerima yang layak diperlukan sebuah Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (SPK) agar mempermudah pihak pemerintah dalam memberikan bantuan rumah untuk warga yang kurang mampu. Metode Fuzzy Simple Additive Weighting (F-SAW) merupakan salah satu metode dalam SPK yang dapat membantu menyelesaikan masalah tidak terstruktur serta dapat mengakomodir kekurangan metode SAW dalam penilaian yang bersifat linguistik dan numerik. Pengujian sistem yang dilakukan menggunakan pengujian sensitivitas yaitu dengan merubah nilai bobot masing-masing kriteria secara bertahap. Dari pengujian sensitifitas diatas yang telah dilakukan, kriteria pendidikan paling sensitif karena saat dilakukan pengujian sebanyak tiga kali dari bobot tinggi diubah menjadi sanggat tinggi mengalami 1 kali perubahan, rendah mengalami 4 kali perubahan dan sangat rendah mengalami 4 kali perubahan, dengan perubahan tersebut didapatkan hasil presentasi 90 % untuk kriteria pendidikan. Dari hasil perbandingan yang telah dilakukan antara Dinas Sosial dan sistem, kuota data yang layak untuk menerima bantuan rumah sebanyak 30 data dari Dinas Sosial menunjukan bahwa total kuota data tersebut 20 yang sama dengan sistem dan 10 data tidak sama dengan sistem.

The aim of this study is verifying the impact of high volatility, scarce liquidity and stop-loss orders on abnormal events like the May 6, 2010 Flash Crash. The paper assumes those three factors to be the main drivers, proposes a mathematical model based upon them and analyses audit trail data to verify whether those factors actually were at the origin of that event. It uses the concept of 'run', an uninterrupted sequence of trades all occurring in the same direction and compares volatility, liquidity and occurrence of stop-loss orders over the analysis period. The results found provide suggestive evidence that a combination of the three factors contributed to the crash. Each of them, taken individually, does not usually lead to extreme behaviours. Even two factors together may not disturb the orderly functioning of the markets but the combination of volatility, scarce liquidity and stop-loss orders may lead to a crisis.

Background: Hypocalcemia is the most common complication after a total thyroidectomy. It may occur as biochemical hypocalcemia, or with mild or severe symptoms.Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the risk factors associated with the development of severe hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy.Material and methods: Patients undergoing primary total thyroidectomy were included. The risk factors for the development of severe hypocalcemia (signs and symptoms requiring hospitalization and treatment with intravenous calcium or persistence of signs and symptoms after 48 hours of initial oral treatment) were analyzed. The evaluation included analysis of the demographic, clinical, surgical and histopathological variables.Results: Of 1665 thyroid resections performed between 2007 and 2018, 918 corresponded to primary total thyroidectomies; 203 (22%) of these patients developed hypocalcemia. Mild hypocalcemia occu- rred in 183 (20%) cases and sever hypocalcemia in 20 (2%) patients, The univariate analysis showed that a procedure performed by head and neck surgeons, thyroid gland weight > 30 g, resection of the parathyroid glands and thyroid cancer were associated with the development of severe hypocalcemia.On multivariate analysis, the last three variables were risk factors significantly associated with this complication.Conclusions: In our series, noticed or inadvertent resection of the parathyroid glands with subsequent reimplantation, high weight of the thyroid gland and malignancy were identified as risk factors for the development of severe hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy. Therefore, we should pay special attention to the development of such complication in the postoperative period.

Weight/shape concerns and disordered eating are common among young adults. Minimal research has examined these variables longitudinally by gender and in connection to self-control. The present study examined the level of weight/shape concerns and disordered eating at the end of the first and fourth year of college separately by gender and explored differences in self-control. Participants included 394 female and 157 male undergraduates (N = 551; 40% non-white) who were categorized into three groups using a cluster analysis by gender: low weight/shape concerns and low disordered eating (LowWS–LowDE group), high weight/shape concerns and low disordered eating (HighWS–LowDE group), and high weight/shape concerns and high disordered eating (HighWS–HighDE group). Approximately, 62% of women and 54% of men reported having weight/shape concerns and/or disordered eating at the end of the first year of college, and around 51% of women and 44% of men reported having weight/shape concerns and/or disordered eating at the end of the fourth year. Results indicated that those in the HighWS–HighDE group had lower self-control compared to those in the LowWS–LowDE group at the end of the first and fourth year in both women and men. Women, but not men, who worsened in weight/shape concerns and/or disordered eating over time also reported significantly decreased self-control from their first to their fourth year. Findings support the role of self-control in the maintenance of weight/shape concerns and disordered eating for both women and men. Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case–control analytic studies

Nearly 99% of Colombian roads have two lanes. In order to improve their level of service (LOS), they have been turned into multilane roads through the doubling of existing highways without technical criteria to justify such transformation, and without considering more appropriate alternatives such as auxiliary lanes. Due to Colombia’s mountainous topography and the high weight/power ratio of the vehicles in circulation, research on auxiliary lanes has been carried out to clarify their applicability. However, operational evaluation procedures such as the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) may not be representative for the infrastructure and vehicles in Colombia. The hypothesis is that the operational benefits of climbing lanes on two-lane roads with Colombian infrastructures and trucks are higher than the HCM estimate. The objective is to carry out an operational evaluation of the effect of auxiliary lanes on traffic in 84.000 scenarios, and to determine threshold values of operational indicators in order to provide guidance for a better design of this kind of infrastructure. The operational analysis was performed on a virtual road with an auxiliary lane with Colombian trucks and a variety of road geometry and traffic features. Traffic operations were simulated with TWOPAS, part of the Interactive Highway Safety Design Model (IHSDM), for which the computational program PEMAT was created. The results demonstrate the benefits of auxiliary lanes on the improvement of Percent Time Spent Following (PTSF) and Average Travel Speed (ATS), and define criteria for geometric design.

In the analysis of coding DNA sequences for phylogenetic purposes 3rd positions are commonly downweighted, or excluded, and 2nd positions are likewise given high weight. The basis of this is a belief that the larger numbers of 3rd position substitutions imply a larger amount of misleading information than the slowly evolving 2nd positions. This paper tests this assertion by splitting 10 vertebrate data sets into three parts consisting of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd positions only. The relative performance of these data sets was tested by a number of suggested methods for assessing the phylogenetic content in a data set. Contrary to the prediction, the relative performance was 3rd > 1st > 2nd. This implies that a downweighting of 3rd positions in favour of 2nd positions is not supported by the analyses of their phylogenetic content. There are several reasons to believe that the overall amount of change is a poor predictor of the level of homoplasy and these are discussed. The overall conclusion is that unless there is solid evidence that 3rd positions really are misleading, they should not be treated so by default.

Background: Technical progress in computational hardware allows researchers to use new approaches for sequence alignment problems. A standard procedure is usually based on pre-aligning of short subsequences followed by proper comparison of neighbouring parts. For this purpose index files are created that store all subsequences (or numbers associated with them) and their positions within a reference sequence. Index files designed on subsequences of 32–64 symbols for a human reference genome can now be easily stored without any compression even on a budget computer. The main goal now is to choose a combination of symbols (a spaced seed) that will tolerate various mismatches between reference and given sequences. An ideal spaced seed should allow us to find all such positions (full sensitivity). By increasing the seed’s weight by one we usually reduce the number of candidate positions fourfold. At the same time longer seeds also reduce the number of signatures to be checked. Results: Several algorithms to assist seed generation are presented. The first one allows us to find all permitted spaced seeds iteratively. The results obtained with the algorithm show specific patterns of the seeds of the highest weight. Among the best seeds, there are periodic seeds with a simple relation between the period of a seed, its length and the length of a read. The second algorithm generates blocks for periodic seeds. A list of blocks is found for blocks of up to 50 symbols and up to 9 mismatches. The third algorithm uses those lists to find spaced seeds for reads of an arbitrary length. Conclusions: Lists of long high-weight spaced seeds are found and available in Supplementary Materials. The seeds are best in terms of weights compared to seeds from other papers and can usually be applied to shorter reads. Codes for all algorithms are available at https://github.com/vtman/PerFSeeB.

Simple Summary Gallic acid (GA) has been demonstrated to have antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and health-promoting properties. In pigs, GA supplementation has been shown to decrease di-arrhea incidence of weaned piglets and improve their intestinal integrity. The present experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that growth performance and diarrhea after weaning could be improved by supplementing the diet with 400 mg/kg GA to weaned piglets, especially for low weaning weight piglets. Abstract This study evaluated the effects of dietary gallic acid (GA) on growth performance, diarrhea incidence and plasma antioxidant status of weaned piglets regardless of whether weaning weight was high or low. A total of 120 weaned piglets were randomly allocated to four treatments in a 42-day experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement comparing different weaning weights (high weight (HW) or low weight (LW), 8.49 ± 0.18 kg vs. 5.45 ± 0.13 kg) and dietary treatment (without supplementation (CT) or with supplementation of 400 mg/kg of GA). The results showed that HW piglets exhibited better growth performance and plasma antioxidant capacity. Piglets supplemented with GA had higher body weight (BW) on day 42 and average daily gain (ADG) from day 0 to 42 compared to the control piglets, which is mainly attributed to the specific improvement on BW and ADG of LW piglets by the supplementation of GA. The decreased values of diarrhea incidence were seen in piglets fed GA, more particularly in LW piglets. In addition, dietary GA numerically reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content in plasma of LW piglets. In conclusion, our study suggests that dietary GA may especially improve the growth and health in LW weaned piglets.

In recent years various powered ankle foot orthoses (PAFO) have been developed to assist disabled persons during walking. Different actuation technologies have previously been used, each with their individual challenges (e.g. high weight). As a new actuation technique, we used shaft twisted string actuation (STSA). We tested the effect of the STSA-PAFO on the gait of five participants with a diagnosed foot-drop. For all participants the ankle dorsiflexion has increased at initial contact and during swing phase with the PAFO compared to no orthosis. Compared to the prescribed AFO, two participants showed an increase in total ROM during swing-phase with the STSA-PAFO. Further, the peak plantarflexion has increased in three participants at push-off with the STSA-PAFO. During user testing in laboratory setting the STSA-PAFO showed good function and is a promising approach for further development.

Based on the two phenomena of over and underreaction, this paper introduces the characteristics of signal set into the model, which studies the price deviation of financial market caused by investors' signal set deviation. The text concludes that investors overreact to information of low weight and underreact to information of high weight, and uses cross-section analysis and time series analysis to verify the correctness of the results.

Intra-Operative electron radiotherapy (IOERT) is a technique based on the delivery of a high single electron dose to the patient during the surgery. To overcome the field matching problems related to the standard cylindrical electron applicators, which are commonly used in this technique, a dedicated beam shaper applicator is also introduced for IOERT. Due to the high weight of this dedicated applicator, it cannot be directly located on the patient body. So, an air gap always exists between the applicator and treatment surface which can lead to the variation of applicator output respect to the reference condition (zero air gap during applicator commissioning). To consider this change in the applicator output, one needs to know the effective electron source position (SSD eff ) to correct the output variations. In this study, the SSD eff for beam shaper applicator has been evaluated through ionometric measurement and Monte Carlo simulation at the various combinations of electron energy/field size. Variations of dosimetric parameters of emerging electron beam from beam shaper applicator were also evaluated at different air gaps. The results showed that the SSD eff substantially changes with the variations of electron energy and field size. The air gap between applicator and treatment surface has a measurable effect on the output of beam shaper applicator which should be corrected through SSD eff . Furthermore, the presence of air gap can considerably affect the dosimetric parameters of electron beam respect to the reference condition which should be taken into account during the treatment planning to assure an accurate electron dose delivery.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors influencing consumers purchasing of domestic, imported and craft beer through AHP analysis and to provide implications for marketing for each beer market. In this study, theories and calculations related to AHP analysis were thoroughly examined and selection attributes were determined by referring to existing theories. A total of 164 consumers who have purchased beer were the target of the survey. The results were analyzed by AHP analysis and the differences were analyzed. It was confirmed that the domestic, imported, and craft beer had the highest weight in the taste in the first layer. At this time, we can confirm that imported, and craft beer has a relatively high weight on taste and domestic beer has a relatively high weight on brand image. We also found that design and advertising images do not have a significant impact on beer selection. Even though it is study on beer, we can find people have different preference between their orgin. In this study, it is possible to show what type of factors does the beer manufacturing and distribution company should concentrate on by analyzing factors that consumers consider, unlike other studies focusing on consumption status of existing beer.

A design and manufacturing process for composite fittings (a part of a truss structure of aircraft) is discussed. Intersecting tubular rods are connected via ruled surfaces such as a hyperbolic paraboloid. A mathematical model of X-fitting surface is developed, and numerical simulation of the fitting is performed to optimize its geometry. Due to the thing that interface surface is ruled, reasonable composite application and, as a result, high weight efficiency of the structure may be achieved.

ContextPremenopausal women with anorexia nervosa (AN) and obesity (OB) have elevated fracture risk. More plate-like and axially aligned trabecular bone, assessed by individual trabeculae segmentation (ITS), is associated with higher estimated bone strength. Trabecular plate and rod structure has not been reported across the weight spectrum.ObjectiveTo investigate trabecular plate and rod structure in premenopausal women.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingClinical research center.ParticipantsA total of 105 women age 21 to 46 years: (i) women with AN (n = 46), (ii) eumenorrheic lean healthy controls (HCs) (n = 29), and (iii) eumenorrheic women with OB (n = 30).MeasuresTrabecular microarchitecture by ITS.ResultsMean age (±SD) was similar (28.9 ± 6.3 years) and body mass index differed (16.7 ± 1.8 vs 22.6 ± 1.4 vs 35.1 ± 3.3 kg/m2; P < 0.0001) across groups. Bone was less plate-like and axially aligned in AN (P ≤ 0.01) and did not differ between OB and HC. After controlling for weight, plate and axial bone volume fraction and plate number density were lower in OB vs HC; some were lower in OB than AN (P < 0.05). The relationship between weight and plate variables was quadratic (R = 0.39 to 0.70; P ≤ 0.0006) (i.e., positive associations were attenuated at high weight). Appendicular lean mass and IGF-1 levels were positively associated with plate variables (R = 0.27 to 0.67; P < 0.05). Amenorrhea was associated with lower radial plate variables than eumenorrhea in AN (P < 0.05).ConclusionsIn women with AN, trabecular bone is less plate-like. In women with OB, trabecular plates do not adapt to high weight. This is relevant because trabecular plates are associated with greater estimated bone strength. Higher muscle mass and IGF-1 levels may mitigate some of the adverse effects of low weight or excess adiposity on bone.

Cubic Li-Garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 (c-LLZO) is one of the promising solid-state electrolyte candidates for the next generation high safety solid-state batteries. However, preparing the electrolyte has many challenges. Li-loss during high temperature sintering is one of them. Mother powder with the same component of green garnet pellets is often used to co-fire with the pellets to compensate the Li-loss. Due to the high weight ratio of rare earth element La and non-recyclability of mother powder, it is worthy to explore low-cost mother powders to replace them. In this paper, low cost compounds such as Li5AlO4, Li2TiO3, Li2SiO3, Li4SiO4 and (Li2O)x-(ZrO2)1-x (x = 0.6–0.8) are investigated for substitution of the mother powder for compensating Li-loss during the sintering of LLZO. Dense Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) samples have been prepared by sintering with (Li2O)0.733(ZrO2)0.267 powder at 1150 °C for 5 h with the relative density of 95% and conductivity of 5.7 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 25 °C, which show same performance with LLZTO ceramics sintered with LLZO mother powder. Keywords: Li-garnet, c-LLZO, Solid electrolyte, Li-loss, Low-cost, Sintering

An application of external fixator is a surgical method for the treatment of large bones fractures. This method has been proposed already a century ago, but despite the extensive development of science and technology, the fixator is often used in the original state of the proposal. [1] Therefore the patient and surgeons are dissatisfied with high weight and poor mobility of fixator during surgery and healing process. [2] Due to this fact it is necessary to apply new 3D technologies into this field of orthopedics and thus improve the current state of this tool. [3] In an account of this information, the 3D model of a new composite external fixator was created. In the research, the composite fixator was analyzed by the finite element method (FEM). Based on the results of FEM and the surgeon's requirements, the composite fixator was further improved and the final results show that the composite fixator proposed by the FEM is able to transfer the applied load from a patient. Therefore the data indicates that the implementation of composite material will further improve patients comfort, the healing process and the precision of surgery. Based on this fact, the mold has already been manufactured and the process of completing the product has started.

Problems of obesity, nutrition and microbiota are discussed in this review. In a world of constant economic and cultural changes traditional diet is being replaced by western diet, rich in free sugars, saturated fats, salt, and characterized by increased average daily dietary energy consumption intake. Such «western-style» diet is associated with high weight gain, leading to metabolic disorders, namely diet-related obesity, which is rapidly increasing globally. The impact of ethnicity to the development of obesity as inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic differences in dietary habits is showed. Dietary habits of different countries, including ethnic minorities, provide a specific pattern of gut microbiota and microbiome. In the context of globalization, international migration and rapid urbanization, changes in dietary habits occurred without proper adaptation of gut microbiota. Gut microbiota plays the fundamental role in regulation and pathogenesis of metabolic disorders due to making metabolites for normal human development, therefore gut microbiota dysbiosis may lead to metabolic dysfunction, including obesity. The review shows actual worldwide data of evolution of adult obesity over time, dietary energy consumption in different country and different climatic regions. It analyzes changes in gut microbiota composition depending on traditional or western diet, and on nationality and race.

espanolEn este trabajo se empleo el proceso de soldadura en estado solido Friction Stir Welding (FSW), aprovechando su condicion para obtener uniones permanentes sin superar la temperatura de fusion de los materiales involucrados y sin requerir material de aporte. Sus caracteristicas lo convierten en una buena opcion para la obtencion de juntas disimiles y especificamente para la combinacion AA 7075 – T6 y polietileno de alta densidad (HDPE, por sus siglas en ingles). Esta aleacion es comunmente empleada en el sector aeroespacial, y es ideal para el proceso FSW, ya que se caracteriza por su baja soldabilidad por metodos tradicionales por fusion, al presentar problemas de susceptibilidad al agrietamiento durante la solidificacion. Las uniones polimero-aluminio se presentan como una alternativa para la fabricacion de componentes que requieren altas relaciones resistencia–peso. Para las juntas se empleo material base de 50 x 150 mm y 3/16 in de espesor, una maquina CNC equipada con un dispositivo de medicion de fuerzas, axiales y longitudinales, adaptado a la bancada; una herramienta no consumible de acero H13 con hombro convexo de circulos concentricos, y un pin cilindrico roscado de 4,5 mm de largo. Los parametros evaluados estuvieron entre 500 y 2450 rpm de velocidad de giro, y entre 25 y 100 mm/min para la velocidad de avance. Las juntas obtenidas se evaluaron empleando ensayos no destructivos (END) de inspeccion visual (IV) y liquidos penetrantes (LP). Adicionalmente se empleo corte por chorro de agua y particulas, buscando asi el menor nivel de afectacion, para obtener probetas y comparar el nivel de continuidad o union en la seccion transversal de las juntas, empleando estereoscopia optica. Como complemento de las tecnicas de inspeccion, se contrastaron los resultados con datos de fuerza longitudinal y axial y el comportamiento mecanico de algunas juntas. A partir de los resultados obtenidos por los metodos mencionados se encontro que ante valores intermedios de velocidades de rotacion y de avance en el intervalo evaluado, la seccion transversal de las soldaduras presenta mayor continuidad y mejores prestaciones. Resalta la combinacion de parametros: soldaduras a 50 mm/min, entre 1150 a 2450 RPM, y la combinacion de 75 mm/min y 2450 RPM. La obtencion de juntas sanas es prometedora, pero aun esta en desarrollo. EnglishIn this work, the solid-state process of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) was employed due to its ability to obtain permanent joints without surpassing the fusion temperatures of the base materials involved and being free of filler material. Its characteristics make it a satisfactory process for bonding dissimilar materials, specifically the aluminum alloy AA7075 – T6 and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). This alloy is commonly used in the aerospace industry and other high – demanding mechanical applications because of its properties, making it ideal for FSW as it presents low weldability by traditional methods like arc welding processes. Aluminum and polymer joints are presented as an alternative for the fabrication of components with high weight resistance ratio. For the welds, base material plates of 50X150mm and 3/16 in thick, a CNC machine equipped with a longitudinal and radial force measuring device and a non-consumable H13 tool with a concave shoulder and concentric circles with a 4.5 mm threaded pin were used. The parameters selected range from 500 to 2450 RPMand from 25 to 100 mm/min for the spindle and travel speed, respectively. Non-destructive tests (NDT) of visual inspection and dye penetrant were used on the welds to evaluatie the quality. Additionally, joints were sectioned and inspected employing optical stereoscopy after obtaining probes by water jet cut, looking for the level of continuity in the region of welding. This information was compared with force data and destructive tests results. Additionally, water jet cutting was used, seeking the lowest affectation level to obtain sound specimens and compare the level of continuity in the cross-section of the joints, using optical stereoscopy. As a complement to the inspection techniques, the results were compared with longitudinal and axial force data and the mechanical behavior of some joints. The cross-section of the welds had greater continuity and better performance using the following parameters combinations: 50 mm/min and between 1150 to 2450 RPM and the combination of 75 mm/min and 2450 RPM. Obtaining sound joints is promising but still in development.

An optical sensor based on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) array is proposed to detect the foot plantar pressure in adults. The plantar pressure signals are detected by three FBGs, spliced in the same piece of single-mode fiber (SMF-28), placed on the platform for the dynamic monitoring of gait motion. The male subject suffering from gait disorder experienced a pressure of 0.35 kPa on the rearfoot and a pressure of 0.15 kPa on the lateral forefoot, exhibiting a large pressure imbalance. The proposed scheme based on FBGs sensors shows a pressure sensitivity of 1.466 pm/kPa with an R2 value of 0.998. This study has revealed the feasibility of the proposed system as a useful alternative to other plantar pressure sensing systems. The advantages offered by the reported technique include; high weight tolerance, robustness, and increased sensitivity compared to other approaches reported in the literature.

Simple Summary Evaluation of Fogera cattle breed during the different seasons would help to determine their response to heat stress. This would assist in designing intervention strategies for the anticipated climate change. Therefore, this study aimed to determine physiological, hematological, biochemical, and growth parameters of Fogera cattle calves to heat stress in different seasons. We observed that the heart rate and respiration rate were increased by six beats per minute and four breaths per minute when the temperature-humidity index increased from 66 to 78, respectively. The positive relationship between the temperature–humidity index and physiological parameters further confirms that calves were good at thermoregulation at a temperature–humidity index value of 66. Thus, the temperature-humidity index value of 66 can be considered as optimum for high weight gain and normal physiological response to heat stress in Fogera cattle calves under their current production system. However, some more amelioration strategies such as better nutrition, availability of shade, and routine health management practice will further strengthen the resilience of the breed to heat stress in the future. Abstract Fogera cattle are among indigenous breeds of cattle in the northern part of Ethiopia. However, their response to heat stress (HS) under different seasonal variations has not been well investigated. This study was aimed to determine physiological, hematological, biochemical, and growth parameters of Fogera cattle calves to HS during dry season, short rainy, and long rainy. A total of 72 calves (24 for each season) that were 6 months of age with an equal number of males and females were evaluated for physiological, hematological, biochemical, and growth parameters. Daily ambient temperature (AT) and relative humidity (RH) were recorded two times per day during the study periods from which the daily average temperature–humidity index (THI) was calculated. The study revealed higher AT and THI during dry and short seasons while higher RH was observed during the long rainy season. Physiological parameters except rectal temperature were affected by the seasons. Hematological parameters were also affected by season except for packed cell volume. Biochemical and growth parameters were also significantly affected by the seasons. THI was positively related with physiological but negatively with growth parameters. Thus, the THI value of 66 can be considered as optimum for high weight gain and normal physiological response to HS in Fogera cattle calves under their current production system.

The mushroom Agaricus subrufescens has been synonymous with Agaricus blazei and Agaricus brasiliensis during the last decades and there has been much discussion with regards to the origin, distribution, and nomenclature of this mushroom. Therefore, we conducted a genetic and morphological characterization of the mycelium and mushroom of four commercial strains currently cultivated in Brazil (ABL CS7, ABL 18/01, ABL 98/11, and ABL 16/01) together with an assessment of their agronomic behavior and compared these results with those of other strains used during the last 15 years. All the A. subrufescens strains characterized here are phylogenetically related to the Americas/Europe specimens, bearing an internal transcribed spacer region of type A (ABL 16/01) or both types A and B (ABL 18/01, ABL 98/11, and ABL CS7). We did not find any correlation between the morphological characteristics of the mycelial colonies and the agronomic behavior of the strains. Strains ABL 98/11 and ABL 16/01 produced the best yields and morphological characteristics for the mushrooms, indicating their high weight, which enhances the commercialization of the mushroom and justifies their longstanding commercial use over the last 15 years.