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Hepatic steatosis (HS) is a growing problem in adults worldwide, with racial/ethnic disparity in the prevalence of the disease. The purpose of this study was to characterize the racial/ethnic prevalence of the stages (normal/mild [S0/S1], moderate [S2], and severe [S3]) of HS in Mexican Americans and other Hispanics compared to other racial/ethnic groups. We analyzed data for 5,492 individuals 12 years and older from the newly released National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017‐2018, which is a representative sample of the US adult population. HS was diagnosed by FibroScan using controlled attenuation parameter values: S0, 290. We analyzed the data using the bivariate chi‐squared test and multinomial regression. The prevalence of HS overall was 46.9% (S2,16.6%; S3, 30.3%). The prevalence of S3 was highest among Mexican Americans (42.8%), lowest among Blacks (21.6%), 27.6% in other Hispanics, and 30.6% in Whites (P, Hepatic steatosis is a growing global epidemic that it has long been thought that Hispanics are at higher risk for hepatic steatosis than other racial/ethnic groups.However, previous studies have often not taken the diverse ethnic origins of Hispanics into account.Our study shows that particularly Hispanics of Mexican descent are at increased risk for hepatic steatosis, while Hispanics of non‐Mexican descent are not.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between prenatal/infancy factors and lipid profile in children and adolescents. Methods: This multicentric national study was conducted in 30 provinces in Iran. It comprised4200 participants, aged 7-18 years, from the fifth survey of a national surveillance program. History regarding birth weight, as well as the type of consumed milk and food during infancy was obtained from parents. In addition to physical examinations, fasting blood samples were obtained to assess the lipid profile of these students. Results: Data from 3844 participants were available (91.5% participation rate), 52.4 % of students were boys. Mean (SD) age of participants was 12.3(3.2) years. Consuming cow milk in the first two years significantly increased the risk of high triglycerides (TG) (odds ratio [OR]:2.77, 95% CI: 1.32-5.85, P: 0.01), elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P

Rodrigues de Lima, T, Custódio Martins, P, Henrique Guerra, P, and Augusto Santos Silva, D. Muscular fitness and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2394-2406, 2020-The purpose of this study was to identify and summarize the relationships between muscular fitness (MF) and individual components of metabolic syndrome (high waist circumference [WC], high blood pressure [BP], high systolic BP [SBP], high diastolic BP [DBP], high triglycerides [TG], fasting blood glucose [FG], and low HDL cholesterol levels [HDL-C]) in children and adolescents. A systematic review was conducted in 5 electronic databases, with complementary searches in reference lists, and the inclusion criteria were children and adolescents (age group up to 19 years of age) with no special clinical conditions. In all articles, risk of bias was analyzed by a standardized instrument. Of the 5,973 articles initially identified, 21 were included, with data on 22,261 children and adolescents. Higher MF values were associated with lower TG (n = 07) and WC values (n = 15). Different results in relation to the relationship between MF and SBP (n = 10) and MF and DBP (n = 07) were verified. In addition, there was no relationship between MF and FG (n = 06). In addition, inconclusive results were verified in the relationship between MF and HDL-C (n = 07). Concluded higher MF values were related to lower WC values and lower TG concentrations.

Background Manganese (Mn) participates in lipid metabolism. However, the associations between Mn exposure and dyslipidaemia is unclear. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from the 2017 the Mn-exposed workers healthy cohort (MEWHC). Finally, 803 occupationally Mn-exposed workers included in the study. The workers were divided into two groups. The grouping of this study was based on Mn-Time Weighted Averages (Mn-TWA). The high-exposure group included participants with Mn-TWA greater than 0.15 mg/m3. The low-exposure group included participants with Mn-TWA less than or equal to 0.15 mg/m3. Mn-TWA levels and dyslipidaemia were assessed. Results After adjustment for seniority, sex, cigarette consumption, alcohol consumption, high-fat diet frequency, medicine intake in the past two weeks, egg intake frequency, drinking tea, WHR, and hypertension, Mn-TWA levels was negatively correlated with high triglycerides (TG) risk in workers overall (OR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.73; p p p Conclusions This research indicates that high Mn exposure was negatively related to high TG risk in workers.

Background High triglycerides are associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risks. Among patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), the association of elevated triglycerides with mortality is diminished and, thus, we investigated the relationship of triglycerides with ASCVD and non‐ASCVD hospitalizations across CKD stages. Methods and Results The cohort comprised 2 963 176 veterans who received care in 2004 to 2006 (baseline) and were followed up to 2014. Using Cox models, we evaluated baseline and time‐varying triglycerides with time to ASCVD or non‐ASCVD hospitalizations, stratified by baseline CKD stage, and adjusted for demographics and baseline or time‐updated clinical characteristics. The cohort mean±SD age was 63±14 years, with a baseline median (interquartile range) triglycerides level of 127 (87–189) mg/dL, and a quarter had prevalent CKD. There was a linear association between baseline triglycerides and ASCVD risk; however, the risk with high triglycerides ≥240 mg/dL attenuated with worsening CKD stages (reference: triglycerides 120 to Conclusions Associations of higher triglycerides with ASCVD and non‐ASCVD events declined across advancing CKD stages, where a lower to null risk was observed in patients with advanced CKD. Studies are needed to examine the impact of advanced CKD on triglycerides metabolism and its association with outcomes in this high‐risk population.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with decreased renal function and chronic kidney disease (CKD). To date, no research regarding the sixteen possible constellations resulting in the diagnosis of MetS has been elucidated. The purpose of this study is to report renal function in sixteen metabolic constellations grouped into four metabolic clusters. Individuals (n = 2767, representing 86,652,073 individuals) from the 2013–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys who met the criteria for MetS were included. Sixteen possible constellations of three or more risk factors were analyzed for renal function. Four metabolic clusters representing MetS with hyperglycemia (Cluster I), MetS with hypertension (Cluster II), MetS with hyperglycemia and hypertension (Cluster III), or MetS with normoglycemia and normotension (Cluster IV) were assessed for renal function and CKD status. Cluster III had the highest odds of CKD (OR = 2.57, 95% CL = 1.79, 3.68). Clusters II and III had the lowest renal function and were not different from one another (87.82 and 87.28 mL/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.71). The constellation with the lowest renal function consisted of hypertension, high triglycerides, and a large waist circumference (82.86 mL/min/1.73 m2), whereas the constellation with the highest renal function consisted of hyperglycemia, low HDL, and a large waist circumference (107.46 mL/min/1.73 m2). The sixteen constellations of MetS do not have the same effects on renal function. More research is needed to understand the relationship between the various iterations of MetS and renal function.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is composed of a collection of risk factors for heart diseases and diabetes. In recent decades, metabolic syndrome has been identified as one of the important risk factors leading to the development of work-related diseases. OBJECTIVE: Since few studies have been conducted on evaluating the prevalence of MetS among Iranian workers, this cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the prevalence of MetS and the factors affecting it among Iranian steel workers. METHODS: This study was carried out on 510 employees working in a large steel producing company. The data pertaining to blood pressure, triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, and demographic information were collected and the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) criteria were implemented to diagnose MetS. RESULTS: The prevalence of Mets was obtained equal to 13% and a significant positive relationship was observed between age and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. From among MetS elements, low HDL cholesterol and increased waist circumference were recognized as the most and the least frequently involved elements with 39.3% and 6.5% prevalence, respectively. Chi-square test was run and the results showed that the prevalence of MetS and some of its components rose at higher BMI values. It was also indicated that MetS and its components had no significant relationship with shift work. CONCLUSION: The current findings revealed that the prevalence of MetS increased with aging. Low HDL and high triglycerides levels were among the main risk factors for MetS. Therefore, considering these risk factors, it should be attempted to develop relevant strategies at workplace to encourage workers to go for a healthier lifestyle so that they can prevent the incidence of MetS.

Background: Physical inactivity is a primary cause of most chronic diseases. In addition, the negative effects of aging, physical inactivity and dyslipidemia are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases of older women. Exercise is considered fundamental for the treatment and prevention due to the benefits in the health of this population, but detraining periods after exercise can reverse them. Multicomponent exercise (ME) is a combined method of aerobic and resistance training that can improve the lipidic profile of older women with high cholesterol and triglycerides. Methods: Seventeen older women (EG: 65.3 ± 4.7 years, 1.52 ± 4.12 m) followed a supervised ME program of nine months and three months of detraining (DT), and fifteen older women (CG: 66.4 ± 5.2 years, 1.54 ± 5.58 cm) continued their daily routine, without exercise. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), blood glucose (GL) and functional capacity (FC) were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the program and after three months of DT. Results: ME program improved (p &lt, 0.05) lipidic profile: GL (−15.6%), TC (−15.3%), TG (−19.3%) and FC: agility (−13.3%), lower body strength (27.78%), upper body strength (26.3%), cardiorespiratory capacity (11.2%), lower body flexibility (66.67%) and upper body flexibility (85.72%). DT declined the lipidic profile and FC (p &lt, 0.05). Conclusion: Lipidic profile and functional capacity can be improved with nine months of ME. Besides the negative effects of DT, three months were not enough to reverse the benefits of exercise in older women with high values of TG and TC.

Objective: Several heavy metals have been reported to be associated with metabolic syndrome(MetS) in general population, while effects of multiple metals exposure on MetS in residents living in heavy metal polluted regions have not been investigated. We aimed to assess the association of 23 metal levels and MetS among population living in China’s heavy metal polluted regions. Methods: From August 2016 to July 2017, a total of 2109 eligible participants were consecutively enrolled in our study in Hunan province, China. The levels of plasma and urine metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). MetS was defined by the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. Multivariable regression models were applied to analysis the potential relationship. Results: In the overall population, crude model showed positive relationship of plasma titanium (Ti) with MetS and negative association of urine vanadium, iron, and selenium with MetS. After adjusted for potential confounders, only plasma Ti was positive associated with MetS (adjusted OR for Q4 versus Q1: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.06–1.99), and this positive correlation was explained by abdominal obesity (OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.41–2.39) and high triglycerides (OR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.68–2.96). Further linear regression analysis revealed significant association of plasma Ti levels with waist circumference (β = 0.0056, 95% CI: 0.0004–0.0109, P = 0.036) and triglycerides (β = 0.0012, 95% CI: 0.0006–0.0019, P

Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is associated with age, sex, and puberty. The association of SHBG with various diseases has been suggested nowadays, however, the relationships in prepubertal children have not been sufficiently investigated. This study analyzed the relationship of SHBG with body mass index (BMI) and plasma lipid levels in prepubertal children. We evaluated the association of SHBG with BMI among the 693 prepubertal children subdivided into normal, overweight, and obese groups, with plasma lipid levels among the children subdivided into normal and dyslipidemia groups. The obese and overweight group had lower SHBG levels than the normal BMI group in both sexes. The dyslipidemia group included subjects with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), high triglycerides (TG), or a high atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), this group had lower SHBG than the normal lipid group. SHBG was positively correlated with HDL-C, and negatively correlated with TG and AIP. After adjusting for BMI, SHBG was positively correlated with HDL-C and negatively correlated with TG and AIP in all groups. In conclusion, SHBG levels are closely correlated with BMI in prepubertal children. SHBG may play a meaningful role in the decrease in HDL-C and increase in TG during prepubertal age.

A daily dose of this prescription fish oil may be worth a trial in light of the cardiovascular benefits it affords statin-treated patients with high triglycerides.

Background : The term arterial stiffness (ArSt) describes structural changes in arterial wall related to the loss of elasticity and is known as an independent predictor of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The evidence relating to ArSt and triglycerides (TG) shows contradictory results. This paper means to survey the association between high TG and ArSt, utilizing the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). Methods : Subjects aged between 25 and 64 years from a random population-based sample were evaluated between 2013-2016. Data from questionnaires, blood pressure, anthropometric measures, and blood samples were collected and analyzed. CAVI was measured using VaSera VS-1500N devise. Subjects with a history of CVD or chronic renal disease were excluded. Results : 1934 participants, 44.7 % of males, were included. The median age was 48 (Interquartile Range [IQR] 19) years, TG levels were 1.05 (0.793) mmol/L, and CAVI 7.24 (1.43) points. Prevalence of high CAVI was 10.0 % (14.5 % in males and 6.4 % in females; P < 0.001) and prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was 20.2 % (29.2 % in males and 13 % in females; P

Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components (high blood pressure, BMI≥30, altered fasting glucose, low HDL cholesterol and high triglycerides) may undermine early perioperative outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP). We tested this hypothesis. Materials & methods: Within the National Inpatient Sample database (2008–2015) we identified RP patients. The effect of MetS was tested in four separate univariable analyses, as well as in multivariable regression models predicting: 1) overall complications, 2) length of stay, 3) total hospital charges and 4) non-home based discharge. All models were weighted and adjusted for clustering, as well as all available patient and hospital characteristics. Results: Of 91,618 patients: 1) 50.2% had high blood pressure, 2) 8.0% had BMI≥30, 3) 13.0% had altered fasting glucose, 4) 22.8% had high triglycerides and 5) 0.03% had low HDL cholesterol. Respectively, one vs. two vs. three vs. four MetS components were recorded in 36.2% vs. 19.0% vs. 5.5% vs. 0.8% patients. Of all patients, 6.3% exhibited ≥3 components and qualified for MetS diagnosis. The rates of MetS increased over time (EAPC:+9.8%; p < 0.001). All four tested MetS components (high blood pressure, BMI≥30, altered fasting glucose and high triglycerides) achieved independent predictor status in all four examined endpoints. Moreover, a highly statistically significant dose-response was also confirmed for all four tested endpoints. Conclusion: MetS and its components consistently and strongly predict early adverse outcomes after RP. Moreover, the strength of the effect was directly proportional to the number of MetS components exhibited by each individual patient, even if formal MetS diagnosis of ≥3 components has not been met.

In the work, the results presented, gathered in the multicenter study ESSE-RF, and characterizing factors associated with insufficient control of blood pressure (BP) in arterial hypertension (AH) patients. Aim. Evaluation of the factors associated with insufficient BP control in Russian males and females age 25-64 y. o., with AH, by the ESSE-RF data. Material and methods . Representative selections were assessed of 13 regions of Russia, males (n=5563) and females (n=9737) 25-64 y. o., investigated in 2012-2013 y. Systematic stratified multistage random selection was applied. Response about 80%. All participants were surveyed with a standard questionnaire (demography, anamnesis, wealth). Mean values were calculated (M±m), quintiles and ranges. Methods of analytical statistics were applied: dispersion-co variation, logistic regression, odds ratio. Results . Two groups were revealed, with raised BP, that differ basically. Group one, those with BP higher than 140/90 mm Hg, not taking antihypertensive medication, and group two — those who take medications, but do not reach target BP. Group one consists of men almost 2 times more, with risk factors, but no cardiovascular diseases in anamnesis. Only the heart rate (HR) and alcohol overconsumption significantly positively correlate with the treatment absence in men — OR=1,49 (p

Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with loss of function mutations of lipoprotein lipase resulting in hypertriglyceridemia and accumulation of chylomicrons in plasma, often leading to acute pancreatitis. The mainstay of treatment is a specialized very-low-fat diet. Even adhering to the diet, some patients may experience high triglycerides and pancreatitis. There currently are no comprehensive dietary guidelines.To report best practices and develop comprehensive dietary guidelines for nutrition therapy in patients with FCS.Registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) convened to develop this report based on experience treating patients with FCS and a review of current literature on the topic. One author provided a patient perspective of living with FCS.This report provides guidelines and rationales for nutrition therapy associated with FCS across the life span. The top global guidelines are to (1) limit fat to15 to 20 g per day (10%-15% of total daily energy intake); (2) meet recommendations for essential fatty acids: α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid; (3) choose complex carbohydrate foods while limiting simple and refined carbohydrate foods; (4) supplement with fat-soluble vitamins, minerals, and medium-chain triglyceride oil, as needed; (5) adjust calories for weight management. Recommended foods include vegetables, whole grains, legumes, lean protein foods, fruits in limited amounts, and fat-free milk products without added sugars. Foods to avoid include alcohol and products high in sugar.These patient-centered nutrition guidelines provide guidance to help patients adhere to the recommended diet and optimize nutritional needs.

The aim of this article was to explore the link between postmenopausal status according to years since menopause (YSM) and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This survey was conducted from January 2012 to August 2013. A total of 6022 women (3511, 58.3% were post-menopause) from Rural Northeast China were randomly selected and examined. The prevalence of the MetS was significantly higher in postmenopausal women (Post-MW) than in premenopausal women (Pre-MW) (55.0% vs. 33.1%, p .001). The risk for MetS in Post-MW increased with the number of YSM, reaching the peak level in the 5- to 9-year group (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.23-1.96), and then decreased. The 5- to 9-year group had the highest risk of high glucose (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.20-1.83) and high triglycerides (adjusted OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.53-2.41) whereas the risk for abdominal obesity, high BP, and low HDL-C was not significantly associated with the number of YSM. These findings suggested that, in China, Post-MW with 5-9 YSMs had the highest risk of MetS. YSM can be a useful screening tool to identify women at high risk for MetS.

Background The study investigated the relationship between the concentrations of Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, P and anthropometric and biochemical parameters in the blood serum of patients with heart failure (HF) and the potential influence on the development and progression of HF. Material & methods The study included 214 patients (155 men and 59 women), aged 40–87 years, presenting symptoms or signs typical of HF (according to the NYHA functional classification). Serum concentrations were determined for Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, P, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, urea, triglyceride levels (TG), total cholesterol (CH), high density protein (HDL), low density protein (LDL). The levels of macro-and microminerals were analysed using inductively coupled serum optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Results Our study confirmed the role of known risk factors in the development of heart failure, including: overweight, diabetes, hypertension, high triglycerides (TG), high total cholesterol (CH), high levels of low density protein (LDL) and reduced levels of high density protein (HDL), high CRP, high creatinine. Moreover, deficient serum concentrations of Mg (47% of the studied men and 54% of the women) and Cu (in 44% of men and more than 30% of women) were observed, as well as subnormal serum Fe (2% of women) and Zn (1% of men). Elevated serum Ca was found in 50% of men and 49% of women. In 44% of the studied men and 52% of the studied women, P levels in serum were also above-average. The study revealed a significant positive correlation between serum levels of Ca and Mg, and also Ca and Cu in women. In men, serum Cu was positively correlated with Mg and Ca concentrations. In patients from group 1 (NYHA I–II), Mg content was positively correlated with Ca and Cu. In this patient group, Ca was also positively associated with Cu content in serum. In group 2 (NYHA III-IV), serum Mg concentration was significantly positively correlated with that of Cu and Ca. Conclusions Changes in the serum concentrations of macro-and microminerals may significantly affect the severity of HF in Polish patients.

Hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides 200–499 mg/dL) is relatively common in the United States, whereas more severe triglyceride elevations (very high triglycerides, ≥500 mg/dL) are far less frequently observed. Both are becoming increasingly prevalent in the United States and elsewhere, likely driven in large part by growing rates of obesity and diabetes mellitus. In a 2002 American Heart Association scientific statement, the omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were recommended (at a dose of 2–4 g/d) for reducing triglycerides in patients with elevated triglycerides. Since 2002, prescription agents containing EPA+DHA or EPA alone have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treating very high triglycerides; these agents are also widely used for hypertriglyceridemia. The purpose of this advisory is to summarize the lipid and lipoprotein effects resulting from pharmacological doses of n-3 FAs (>3 g/d total EPA+DHA) on the basis of new scientific data and availability of n-3 FA agents. In treatment of very high triglycerides with 4 g/d, EPA+DHA agents reduce triglycerides by ≥30% with concurrent increases in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas EPA-only did not raise low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in very high triglycerides. When used to treat hypertriglyceridemia, n-3 FAs with EPA+DHA or with EPA-only appear roughly comparable for triglyceride lowering and do not increase low-density lipoprotein cholesterol when used as monotherapy or in combination with a statin. In the largest trials of 4 g/d prescription n-3 FA, non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were modestly decreased, indicating reductions in total atherogenic lipoproteins. The use of n-3 FA (4 g/d) for improving atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in patients with hypertriglyceridemia is supported by a 25% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events in REDUCE-IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events With EPA Intervention Trial), a randomized placebo-controlled trial of EPA-only in high-risk patients treated with a statin. The results of a trial of 4 g/d prescription EPA+DHA in hypertriglyceridemia are anticipated in 2020. We conclude that prescription n-3 FAs (EPA+DHA or EPA-only) at a dose of 4 g/d (>3 g/d total EPA+DHA) are an effective and safe option for reducing triglycerides as monotherapy or as an adjunct to other lipid-lowering agents.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly correlated with obesity and cardiovascular risk, but the importance of dietary carbohydrate independent of weight loss in MetS treatment remains controversial. Here, we test the theory that dietary carbohydrate intolerance (i.e., the inability to process carbohydrate in a healthy manner) rather than obesity per se is a fundamental feature of MetS. METHODS: Individuals who were obese with a diagnosis of MetS were fed three 4-week weight-maintenance diets that were low, moderate, and high in carbohydrate. Protein was constant and fat was exchanged isocalorically for carbohydrate across all diets. RESULTS: Despite maintaining body mass, low-carbohydrate (LC) intake enhanced fat oxidation and was more effective in reversing MetS, especially high triglycerides, low HDL-C, and the small LDL subclass phenotype. Carbohydrate restriction also improved abnormal fatty acid composition, an emerging MetS feature. Despite containing 2.5 times more saturated fat than the high-carbohydrate diet, an LC diet decreased plasma total saturated fat and palmitoleate and increased arachidonate. CONCLUSION: Consistent with the perspective that MetS is a pathologic state that manifests as dietary carbohydrate intolerance, these results show that compared with eucaloric high-carbohydrate intake, LC/high-fat diets benefit MetS independent of whole-body or fat mass. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02918422. FUNDING: Dairy Management Inc. and the Dutch Dairy Association.

Mixed dyslipidemia (MD; elevated triglycerides [TG], apolipoprotein B [ApoB], and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [non-HDL-C], and decreased HDL-C) is often observed in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and may contribute to increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. Non-HDL-C rather than TG has been proposed as a more useful lipid predictor of CV risk and an important therapeutic target in those with MD. This post hoc subgroup analysis of the open label ODYSSEY DM-DYSLIPIDEMIA trial investigated effects of the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab (ALI; 75 mg every 2 weeks [Q2W] with possible increase to 150 mg Q2W at Week 12) vs. usual care (UC; ezetimibe [EZE], fenofibrate [FENO], or no additional lipid lowering therapy [LLT]) on non-HDL-C and other lipids in people with T2D and baseline non-HDL-C ≥100 mg/dL, TG ≥200 mg/dL, and HDL-C Compared with UC, ALI significantly reduced non-HDL-C, ApoB, Lp(a) and LDL particle number from baseline to Week 24 (Table 1); TG reductions were greater with FENO vs. ALI but were not significantly different for any comparison. Adverse events frequency was similar in ALI and UC groups (67.2% vs. 70.7%). ALI was generally well tolerated and effective at further reducing atherogenic lipids in this subgroup of people with T2D and high TG and low HDL-C levels already on maximally tolerated statin dose. Disclosure H.M. Colhoun: Advisory Panel; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Sanofi-Aventis. Research Support; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk A/S, Pfizer Inc., Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Roche Pharma, Sanofi-Aventis. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Bayer AG, Roche Pharma. L.A. Leiter: Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc., Sanofi, Servier. Research Support; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, GlaxoSmithKline plc., Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc., Sanofi. Speaker's Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc., Sanofi. D. Müller-Wieland: Advisory Panel; Self; Amgen Inc., AstraZeneca, Bayer AG, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk Inc., Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Amgen Inc., AstraZeneca, Bayer AG, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk Inc., Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH. B. Cariou: Board Member; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. Consultant; Self; GENFIT, Sanofi-Aventis. Research Support; Self; Amgen Inc., Pfizer Inc. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Abbott, Akcea Therapeutics, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. K.K. Ray: Research Support; Self; Amgen Inc., MSD Pharma, Pfizer Inc., Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. Other Relationship; Self; AbbVie Inc., Akcea Therapeutics, Algorithm, Amgen Inc., Amgen Inc., AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cerenis, Cipla, Eli Lilly and Company, Esperion, Kowa Pharmaceutical Europe Co. Ltd., Medco, Pfizer Inc., Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Resverlogix Corp., Sanofi, Sanofi, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. F. Tinahones: Advisory Panel; Self; Lilly Diabetes, Novo Nordisk A/S, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi-Aventis. Consultant; Self; AstraZeneca. Research Support; Self; AstraZeneca. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Danone Nutricia Research, Lilly Diabetes, Novo Nordisk A/S, Regenerative Medical Solutions, Sanofi-Aventis. C. Domenger: Employee; Self; Sanofi. A. Letierce: Employee; Self; Sanofi Research & Development. M. Israel: Employee; Self; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. S. Del Prato: Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, GlaxoSmithKline plc., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi, Servier, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. Board Member; Self; AstraZeneca. Research Support; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. Funding Sanofi; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Caregiving stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). However, few studies have investigated the consequences of caregiving on this objectively measured health outcome. This study used population based longitudinal data to examine the causal relationship between caregiving trajectory and MetS among Chinese women. This is a retrospective analysis of 741 women using three waves of data from the Ever-Married Women Survey component of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (2004, 2006, and 2009). Group-based trajectory analysis was used to examine the caregiving trajectories among women in China. Three caregiving trajectories were identified. In multivariate analyses adjusting for potential covariates, ‘rising to high-intense’ caregivers (Odds Ratio (OR) = 3.78; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.10, 12.93) and ‘stable low-intense’ caregivers (OR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.09, 3.92) were associated with higher risk of MetS compared with non-caregivers. Moreover, caregivers who provided ‘stable low-intense’ parental care were found to be associated with hypertension, high glucose and high triglycerides than those awho did not provide caregiving for their parents. Our results demonstrate that the caregiving trajectories were significantly associated with the risk of MetS. Findings from the study can be used to develop future stress management interventions to decrease MetS risk among women who provide care to their parents.

Introduction: Branched-chain amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, and valine) are associated with new-onset diabetes and incident coronary heart disease and stroke. However, the impact of elevated serum branched-chain amino acids on lipids and lipoproteins remains a matter of investigation. Hypothesis: branched-chain amino acids are independent predictors of dyslipidemia among people free of diabetes. Methods: We tested this hypothesis among 5060 men and women aged 35 to 74 years-old enrolled in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) with a 4-year follow-up. The variable of exposure was serum branched-chain amino acids measured in serum by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy at (LabCorp; Raleigh, NC). The outcome variables were LDL-C greater than 130 mg/dl; HDL-C lower than 40 mg/dl; triglycerides higher than 150 mg/ dl during the reappraisal examination. We excluded participants with any type of dyslipidemia at time of baseline, people who sustained a cardiovascular event, and those receiving lipid-lowering therapy or who had a diagnosis of diabetes. The definition of diabetes was self-reported or use of medicines for diabetes or plasma fasting glucose greater than 126 mg/Dl or 2-hour load plasma glucose greater than 200 mg/dl or glycated hemoglobin greater than 6.5 %. We applied Poisson regression to determine prevalence ratios for dyslipidemia according to a 1-standard deviation of branched-chain amino acids. The final model included age, sex, race, body mass index, waist circumference, a 4-year weight change, insulin resistance (measured by the product of fasting plasma glucose * serum insulin divided by 405), and glycated hemoglobin. Results: During the 4-year follow-up, 1373 participants met the criteria of study (median age 47 years; 67% women, 59% white), and 736 (53.6%) developed new-onset dyslipidemia: high triglycerides (120; 8.7%), low HDL-C (332; 24.2%), or high LDL-C (284; 20.7%) The combination of incident high triglycerides and low HDL-C was observed in 44 (3.2%) of participants. After the full adjustment for the covariates, the prevalence ratios (and 95% Confidence Interval) of new-onset dyslipidemia for 1-Standard Deviation (1-SD) of serum branched-chain amino acids were for high triglycerides = 1.25 (1.04 to 1.50), low-HDL-C = 1.08 (0.98 to 1.20), and for high LDL-C = 1.02 (0.91-1.14). The association between 1-SD of branched-chain amino acids and high triglycerides was present for women [1.27 (1.02 to 1.58), but not for men [1.18 (0.90 to 1.53)]. Analyzing separately for the amino acid, the prevalence ratio for high triglycerides for 1-SD of leucine was 1.34 (1.13 to 1.62); for 1-SD of isoleucine was 1.07 (0.90 to 1.28), and for 1-SD of valine was 1.16 (0.96 to 1.38). Conclusion: Serum values of branched chain amino acids are associated with incident hypertriglyceridemia among people free of diabetes.

Monitoring of health status including lipid profiles, is one of Prolanis' activities routinely, regular monitoring of lipid profiles will be very helpful in knowing the health status of an individual. The purpose of this study was to obtain an overview of the lipid profile active members Maleosan Club, Tomohon City. The type of this research used was descriptive. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with a total sample of 43 active members of the Prolanis Club Maleosan, Tomohon City. The data collected is the result of medical records of active members of the Maleosan Club in Tomohon City during 2019. The results of statistical tests using the descriptive statistics showed that the active members of the Prolanis Maleosan Club in Tomohon City aged 60-79 years were 38 people (88.4%), woman were 31 people (72.1%), total cholesterol wanted and slightly high, 32 people ( 74.4%), Optimal LDL, close to optimal and slightly high amounted to 31 people (72.1%.), normal HDL amounted to 35 people (81.4%), and optimal and slightly high triglycerides amounted to 38 people (88.3%). Activeness in following Prolanis club activities needs to be maintained and improved to achieve an optimal quality of life.

Yes. The time has come to change the way we think about fasting before routine lipid testing. We now have robust evidence supporting the routine use of nonfasting lipid testing. Fasting lipid testing is rarely needed, but may be considered for patients with very high triglycerides or before starting

Meibomian glands that are embedded in tarsal plates of human eyelids, and sebaceous glands found in the skin, including that of eyelids, are two related types of holocrine glands that produce lipid-rich secretions called meibum and sebum. Pervasive ocular disorders, such as Meibomian gland dysfunction and dry eye, have been linked to changes in the lipid composition of meibum. However, in most described cases the changes were either small, or random, or insufficiently characterized on the molecular level. Here, we present results of comprehensive lipidomic analyses of meibum, tears and sebum of a patient whose secretions were highly abnormal (abnormal meibum, tears and sebum, or AMTS, patient). The lipidomes were characterized on the level of individual lipid species using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry. The major differences between the AMTS patient and normal age- and gender-matched subjects included, among others, severely diminished pools of normal meibomian lipids such as wax esters and cholesteryl esters in meibum and tears, a 2x increase in total cholesteryl esters to wax esters ratio, their skewed molecular profiles, a ~3x increase in free cholesterol to cholesteryl esters ratio, and, most importantly, a 20x to 30x increase in the triglicerides fraction over the norm. Sebum of the AMTS patient was also highly abnormal lacking major wax esters. Notably, the routine blood lipid panel test of the AMTS patient showed no abnormalities. The data imply that the AMTS patient had a severe, previously unreported, metabolic disorder that affected meibogenesis in Meibomian glands and sebogenesis in sebaceous glands. This is, to the best of our knowledge, a first observation of the condition that we have termed High Triglycerides/Low Waxes (HTLW) syndrome.

Background The Martin/Hopkins low-density lipoprotein cholesterol equation (LDL-CN) was previously demonstrated as more accurate than Friedewald LDL-C estimation (LDL-CF) in a North American database not able to take race into account. Objectives We hypothesized that LDL-CN would be more accurate than LDL-CF and correlate better with LDL particle number (LDL-P) in a racially diverse Brazilian cohort. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 4897 participants in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health, assessing LDL-CF and LDL-CN accuracy via overlap with ultracentrifugation-based measurement among clinical guideline LDL-C categories as well as mg/dL and percent error differences. We analyzed by triglyceride categories and correlated LDL-C estimation with LDL-P. Results LDL-CN demonstrated improved accuracy at 70 to Conclusions In a diverse Brazilian cohort, LDL-CN was more accurate than LDL-CF at low LDL-C and high triglycerides. LDL-CN may avoid underestimation of LDL-C and better reflect atherogenic lipid burden in low particle size, high particle count states.

Inflammation plays a key role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Inflammatory markers have been studied as predictors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Total Non-Calcified Plaque (TNCP) and Total Plaque (TP) volumes are correlated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We sought to examine

Aim: To study Meibomian gland dysfunction and serum lipid proƒOle. Method-100 cases MGD were included in study. Thorough clinical examination by slit lamp bio microscope, Tear ƒOlm break-up time(TFBUT) & Shirmers I test(SIT) was done to diagnose the probable etiology of dry eye and were evaluated for posterior blepharitis and Meibomian gland dysfunction .Serum fasting lipid proƒOle was also seen. Result: More than one third of cases were grade 2 severities of meibomitis followed by grade 1 and grade 3.Half of the patients with grade 3 severity of meibomitis were found to have high cholesterol. High triglycerides were seen in grade 2 and grade 3 severities of meibomitis. High LDL levels were associated with severity of meibomitis. Conclusion: Patients with Meibomian gland dysfunction may have abnormal serum cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL levels.

Background and aims African populations have a favourable lipid profile compared to European populations. However, the extent to which they differ between rural and urban settings in Africa and upon migration to Europe is unknown. We assessed the lipid profiles of Ghanaians living in rural- and urban-Ghana and Ghanaian migrants living in three European countries. Methods We used data from a multi-centre, cross-sectional study among Ghanaian adults residing in rural- and urban-Ghana and London, Amsterdam and Berlin (n = 5482). Dyslipidaemias were defined using the 2012 European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Prevention. Comparisons between groups were made using age-standardised prevalence and prevalence ratios (PRs) with adjustments for important covariates. Results In both sexes, the age-standardised prevalence of high total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) was lower in rural- than in urban-Ghana and Ghanaian migrants in Europe. Adjusted PRs of high TC and LDL-C were higher in urban-Ghana (TC PR = 2.15, 95%confidence interval 1.69–2.73) and Ghanaian migrant men (TC PR = 2.03 (1.56–2.63)) compared to rural-Ghana, but there was no difference between rural- and Ghanaian migrant women (TC PR = 1.01 (0.84–1.22)). High triglycerides levels were as prevalent in rural-Ghana (11.6%) as in urban-Ghana (12.8%), but were less prevalent in Ghanaian migrant women (2.0%). In both sexes, low HDL-cholesterol was most prevalent in rural-Ghana (50.1%) and least prevalent in Europe (12.9%). Conclusion The lipid profile varied among ethnically homogeneous African populations living in different geographical locations in Africa and Europe. Additional research is needed to identify factors driving these differential risks to assist prevention efforts.

Background High levels of diabetes and associated cardiovascular risk factors have been reported in Kuwait. While there is limited research on prevalence and risk factors in the general population, the associations of diabetes with cardiovascular (CVD) disease risk factors among oil industry employees have not yet been extensively explored. This aim of this study was to establish prevalence of diabetes and associations between diabetes and CVD risk factors broken down by gender and ethnicity. Methods A cross-sectional study of 7000 employees of a major oil company (corresponding to 94% of the total population of employees) was conducted. 18.1% were female and 26.8% were non-Kuwaiti nationals. Clinical (blood samples) and non-clinical data (e.g. weight, height, and medically diagnosed chronic conditions) were gathered upon their visit to a clinic and medical laboratory. Results Prevalence of obesity (using BMI) in the sample was 33.3%. 35.8% were physically active. The prevalence of diabetes was 15.6%, of dyslipidemia 47.9% and of hypertension 14.8%. Advancing age (≥40 years), male gender, obesity, physical activity, high triglycerides, hypertension and were significantly associated with increased risk of diabetes in a multivariate analysis. Ethnicity also played a role. Conclusion This study shows that among the cardiovascular disease risk factors reported by oil sector employees in Kuwait, apart from age; hypertension is of particular importance as a predictor of diabetes, especially for women. Health behaviours (e.g. smoking and physical activity) did not show expected or consistent multivariate associations with diabetes, across gender and nationality.

High triglycerides (TG) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) are stronger predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women than in men, but few randomized, controlled clinical trials have investigated lipid-lowering interventions in women and none have reported results specifically in women with high TG and DM2. Icosapent ethyl (Vascepa) is pure prescription eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ethyl ester approved at 4 g/day as an adjunct to diet to reduce TG ≥500 mg/dL.The 12-week ANCHOR trial randomized 702 statin-treated patients (73% with DM; 39% women) at increased CVD risk with TG 200-499 mg/dL despite controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; 40-99 mg/dL) to receive icosapent ethyl 2 g/day, 4 g/day, or placebo. This post hoc analysis included 146 women with DM2 (97% white, mean age 62 years) randomized to icosapent ethyl 4 g/day (n = 74) or placebo (n = 72).Icosapent ethyl significantly reduced TG (-21.5%; p 0.0001) without increasing LDL-C and lowered other potentially atherogenic lipid/lipoprotein, apolipoprotein, and inflammatory parameters versus placebo. Icosapent ethyl increased EPA levels in plasma (+639%; p 0.0001; n = 49) and red blood cells (+599%; p 0.0001; n = 47) versus placebo. Safety and tolerability of icosapent ethyl were generally similar to placebo.In women with DM2 at high CVD risk with persistently high TG on statins, icosapent ethyl 4 g/day reduced potentially atherogenic parameters with safety and tolerability comparable to placebo. Potential CVD benefits of icosapent ethyl are being tested in ∼8000 men and women at high CVD risk with high TG on statins in the ongoing Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl - Intervention Trial (REDUCE-IT) cardiovascular (CV) outcome trial.

Objective— To assess whether Lp(a) (lipoprotein(a)) levels and other lipid levels were predictive of progression of atherosclerosis burden as assessed by carotid magnetic resonance imaging in subjects who have been treated with LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol)–lowering therapy and participated in the AIM-HIGH trial (Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome With Low HDL/High Triglycerides: Impact on Global Health Outcomes). Approach and Results— AIM-HIGH was a randomized, double-blind study of subjects with established vascular disease, elevated triglycerides, and low HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). One hundred fifty-two AIM-HIGH subjects underwent both baseline and 2-year follow-up carotid artery magnetic resonance imaging. Plaque burden was measured by the percent wall volume (%WV) of the carotid artery. Associations between annualized change in %WV with baseline and on-study (1 year) lipid variables were evaluated using multivariate linear regression and the Bonferroni correction to account for multiple comparisons. Average %WV at baseline was 41.6±6.8% and annualized change in %WV over 2 years ranged from −3.2% to 3.7% per year (mean: 0.2±1.1% per year; P =0.032). Increases in %WV were significantly associated with higher baseline Lp(a) (β=0.34 per 1-SD increase of Lp(a); 95% confidence interval, 0.15–0.52; P P Conclusions— Despite intensive lipid therapy, aimed at aggressively lowering LDL-C to

Objective: To determine gender differences and secular trends in total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high DL (HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides using a large hospital database in India. Methods: All blood lipid tests evaluated from July 2007 to December 2014 were analyzed. Details of gender and age were available. Statin therapy was obtained at two separate periods. Trends were calculated using linear regression and Mantel-Haenszel X2. Results: Data of 67395 subjects (men 49,904, women 17,491) aged 51 ± 12 years were analyzed. Mean levels (mg/dl) were total cholesterol 174.7 ± 45, LDL cholesterol 110.7 ± 38, non-HDL cholesterol 132.1 ± 44.8, HDL cholesterol 44.1 ± 10, triglycerides 140.8 ± 99, and total: HDL cholesterol 4.44 ± 1.5. Various dyslipidemias in men/women were total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dl 25.4/36.4%, LDL cholesterol ≥130 mg/dl 28.1/35.0% and ≥100 mg/dl 54.4/66.4%, non-HDL cholesterol ≥160 mg/dl 25.5/29.6%, HDL cholesterol

espanolIntroduccion: hay informacion limitada sobre la utilidad de la relacion cintura-estatura (rCE) para identificar adolescentes colombianos con factores de riesgo cadiometabolicos (FRC). Objetivo: comparar la utilidad de la rCE, el indice de masa corporal (IMC) y la circunferencia de cintura (CC) para identifi car adolescentes con FRC. Metodologia: se evaluaron 346 jovenes (14,0 ± 2,3 anos). Se obtuvieron medidas antropometricas, IMC, CC, rCE, glucosa, insulina y lipidos sanguineos en ayunas e indice HOMA-IR. Se analizo la presencia de multiples factores del sindrome metabolico (MetS) diferentes a la CC (HOMA-IR alto, trigliceridos aumentados, concentracion del colesterol de alta densidad [HDL-C] baja). Se calculo el area bajo la curva (AUC) y razon de ventajas (OR). Resultados: el IMC, CC y rCE fueron similares para identificar adolescentes con alto HOMA-IR (AUC = 0,686, 0,694 y 0,641, respectivamente), bajo HDL-C (AUC = 0,623, 0,652 y 0,572, respectivamente) y multiples factores del MetS diferentes a la CC (AUC = 0,694, 0,715 y 0,688, respectivamente). La OR de tener esta ultima condicion fue similar en adolescentes con sobrepeso (1,65, IC 95%: 0,60-3,14) y aquellos con rCE ≥ 0,50 (3,76, IC 95%: 1,95-7,3). La presencia de multiples factores del MetS diferentes a la CC en adolescentes con obesidad (9,88, IC 95%: 3,1-31,7), CC ≥ P90 (18,3, IC 95%: 4,0-83,5) y rCE ≥ 0,55 (11,0, IC 95%: 3,0 a 4,4) fue similar. Conclusion: rCE, IMC y CC tienen capacidades similares para identificar adolescentes colombianos con FRC. El rCE demostro ser una herramienta alternativa al IMC y la CC cuando se tamizan adolescentes para identificar la presencia de FRC. EnglishBackground: there is limited information about the usefulness of the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) to identify Colombian adolescents with cardiometabolic risk factors (CRF). Objective: to compare the utility of WHtR, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) to identify adolescents with CRF. Methods: a study with 346 youths (aged 14.0 ± 2.3 years) was performed. Anthropometric measurements were collected and BMI, WC and WHtR were calculated. Fasting blood lipids, glucose and insulin were measured; the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was computed. The presence of multiple non-WC metabolic syndrome (MetS) factors (high HOMA-IR, high triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]) was analyzed. The area under the curve (AUC) and the odds ratios (OR) were calculated. Results: the BMI, WC and WHtR were comparable at identifying adolescents with high HOMA-IR (AUC = 0.686, 0.694 and 0.641, respectively), low HDL-C (AUC = 0.623, 0.652 and 0.572, respectively) and multiple non-WC MetS factors (AUC = 0.694, 0.715 and 0.688, respectively). The OR of having multiple non-WC MetS factors was similar in overweight adolescents (1.65, 95% CI: 0.86-3.14) and those with WHtR ≥ 0.50 (3.76, 95% CI: 1.95-7.3). There were no OR differences of having multiple non-WC MetS factors among adolescent with obesity (9.88, 95% CI: 3.1-31.7), WC ≥ P90 (18.3, 95% CI: 4.0-83.5) and WHtR ≥ 0.55 (11.0, 95% CI: 3.0-4.4). Conclusions: WHtR, BMI and WC have similar capacities to identify Colombian adolescents with CRF. WHtR showed to be an alternative tool to BMI and WC measurements when screening adolescents for cardiometabolic risk.

This article reporting on a case study 21 years old lady diagnosed with acute pancreatitis secondary to hypertriglyceridemia was treated with series of plasmapheresis as treatment modality. The patient came with high triglycerides and cholesterol level, deteriorated and admitted to ICU for ventilation support. Three series of plasmapheresis was done on the consecutive days in ICU. Laboratory results show remarkable changes on both total cholesterol and triglyceride levels reduction by -11% to 33.6% and 20.8% to 51.8% respectively. The patient's general condition improve significantly patient was extubated and haemodinamically stable. Patient was transferred to general ward on day 5 th of ICU and discharge on the day 13 th of hospital admission. Plasmapheresis was proved to be treatment modality for patients with hypertriglyceridemia.

Les criteres de definition du Syndrome metabolique (SMet) n’identifient pas convenablement les sujets d’origine africaine a risque. L’objectif etait de determiner lequel du ratio cholesterol total/HDL-cholesterol (CT/HDL-C) et du HDL-Cholesterol est le meilleur predicteur du SMet chez les adultes beninois. L’etude de type transversal, issue d’une enquete longitudinale sur le risque cardiometabolique a inclu 416 sujets âges de 29 a 69 ans. Les composantes du SMet considerees sont : l’obesite abdominale, la tension arterielle elevee, la glycemie elevee, le HDL-C bas et les triglycerides eleves. La comparaison des aires sous les courbes (AUC) de la « fonction d’efficacite du recepteur » (ROC) de prediction de l’existence deux composantes du SMet autre que l’obesite abdominale, a permis de determiner le meilleur predicteur. Les prevalences du SMet etaient de 13,9% selon la definition harmonisee, 12,3% lorsque le HDL-C bas est remplacee par CT/HDL-C eleve. Les prevalences du HDL-bas et du CT/HDL-C eleve sont de 37,7% et 22,6%, respectivement. Pour le depistage du SMet, l’AUC du CT/HDL-C est de 0,69 (IC 95% 0,61-0,77) chez les femmes et 0,68 (IC 95% 0,59-0,77) chez les hommes. L’AUC du HDL-C est de 0,45 (IC 95% 0,37-0,53) chez les femmes et 0,40 (IC 95% 0,30-0,44) chez les hommes. Le HDL-C et le CT/HDL-C ont une faible capacite predictive pour le SMet, mais la composante CT/HDL-C predit mieux le SMet que le HDL-C isole. Toutefois, l’utilisation de l’un ou l’autre des deux parametres ne modifie pas substantiellement la prevalence du SMet dans la population d’etude. © 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Mots cles: Syndrome metabolique, lipoproteines, ratio CT/HDL-C, Sud-Benin English Title: Comparative performance of HDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol / HDL ratio for screening of metabolic syndrome in Southern Benin adults (West Africa) English Abstract Current definition criteria of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) do not adequately identify at risk African origin subjects. The objective was to determine which of total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) and HDL-cholesterol is the best predictor of metabolic syndrome (SMet) in Benin adults. This cross-sectional study was nested in a four-year follow-up study on cardiometabolic risk factors and included 416 adults aged 29-69 years. Components of MetS considered were abdominal obesity, high blood pressure (BP), high fasting glucose, low HDL-C and high triglycerides. Areas under the "Receiver operator characteristic" curves (AUC) for CT/HDL-C and HDL-C in predicting the presence of at least two other components of SMet were compared in order to determine the best predictor of SMet. The prevalence of SMet was 13.9%, when replacing low HDL-C by high TC/HDL-C and 15.3% when both dyslipidemia indicators are combined. The prevalence of low HDL-C and high TC/HDL-C was 37.7% and 22.6%, respectively (p

We read with great interest the article by Ray et al1 about major adverse cardiovascular events outcomes in patients with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)