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Plastics are one of the most widely used materials due to their versatility and great performance at low cost. The majority of plastic wastes end in landfills and our oceans, where they go through an array of weathering processes and eventually form microplastics i.e., small plastic particles with size ¡ 5 mm. These microplastics (MPs) are detrimental to both land and marine ecosystems. To study MP type and concentration in beaches, this summer six high school students enrolled in Columbia Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory's Secondary School Field Research Program collected high-tide and low-tide samples from 5 locations (3 in New York City and 2 in Puerto Rico) and various analytical approaches (e.g., Nile Red, Dissection Microscope, SEM, and XRF) were used. The goals of this study are to compare MP type and level between high tide and low tide locations and examine the possible impact of nearby pollution sources (e.g., sewage treatment plants and CSO). Our results showed a consistently higher level of MPs in the high tide samples than that in low tide samples. This phenomenon is presumably due to the deposition of resuspended MP from low-tide locations at high-tide locations during high-tide conditions, a "bathtub ring" effect. Based on this finding, future cleanup efforts could be prioritized in those high-tide zones. Other research is undergoing to determine the MP sources and the level of nanoplastics (¡ 1 µm). Also see: https://micro2022.sciencesconf.org/426730/document, In MICRO 2022, Online Atlas Edition: Plastic Pollution from MACRO to nano

Coastal locations around the United States, particularly along the Atlantic coast, are experiencing recurrent flooding at high tide. Continued sea-level rise (SLR) will exacerbate the issue where present, and many more locations will begin to experience recurrent high-tide flooding (HTF) in the coming decades. Here we use established SLR scenarios and flooding thresholds to demonstrate how the combined effects of SLR and nodal cycle modulations of tidal amplitude lead to acute inflections in projections of future HTF. The mid-2030s, in particular, may see the onset of rapid increases in the frequency of HTF in multiple US coastal regions. We also show how annual cycles and sea-level anomalies lead to extreme seasons or months during which many days of HTF cluster together. Clustering can lead to critical frequencies of HTF occurring during monthly or seasonal periods one to two decades prior to being expected on an annual basis. High-tide flooding (HTF) is more likely with sea-level rise. Projections along the United States coastline, considering likely sea-level rise and tidal amplitude cycles, suggest increased HTF event clustering in time and rapid increases in annual HTF frequency as early as the mid-2030s.

The tidal effect on a sea breeze is examined using a 4-year 30-min database of wind-speed profiles obtained from a 300-m tower at a coastal site in Boseong, South Korea, facing a bay with tidal flats. We consider sea-breeze days during the warm season from May to September of each year from 2014 to 2017. A sea-breeze day is defined as a day with both onset and cessation of a sea breeze within 24 h. Sea-breeze days are divided into four groups depending on the tidal state and ambient flow direction. The tidal effect on the sea breeze is tested at a significance level of 5% using a two-sample t-test for onshore and offshore flows. The results indicate that there is a significant difference due to tidal state in the onset time of the sea breeze only for offshore flow, showing earlier arrival for the high-tide group in the morning than the low-tide group in the morning. This could be explained by the shorter distance to the sea due to the movement of the water boundary towards the station as well as larger sea–land temperature difference during high tide. For offshore flows, the tidal effect on wind-speed profiles is examined, with results showing that the tide state influences the time at which the sea-breeze speed increases but not the daily maximum speed of the sea breeze.

In the fall of 2018, studies of suspended particulate matter and its organic part in the water column and their lateral flux on the Karelian coast of the White Sea were carried out. The concentration of suspended particulate matter varied from 0.42 to 0.93 μg/L, and the concentration of Corg ranged from 124 to 249 μg/L. In the water column, 25 registration taxa of phytoplankton were recorded; it was shown that its species composition changed from the surface to the bottom. The lateral flux values varied from 159 to 439 μg m–2 h–1. As part of lateral flux, 49 phytoplankton taxa were revealed. It was shown that, depending on the tidal cycle phase, not only the quantitative characteristics of the lateral flux of phytoplankton change, but also the species composition of microalgae. In the tidal phase, more organic matter enters the inner regions of the bays than is carried out from these areas to the low-tide phase. At high tide, the proportion of phytoplankton organisms in the lateral flux is more than 80%; at low tide, it is less than 55%.

A technological revolution of the Pacific region means that we have opportunities to investigate the ways in which digital technology is impacting the lives of those living in remote areas of the r...

The purpose of this study was to determine the hydrodynamic conditions at Bojong Salawe beach. The method used in this research is a quantitative method, where numerical data is collected to support the formation of numerical models such as wind, bathymetry, and tide data. The hydrodynamic model will be made using Mike 21 with the Flow Model FM module to determine the current movement pattern based on the data used. In the west monsoon with a maximum instantaneous speed of 0.04 - 0.08 m/s, while in the east monsoon it moves with a maximum instantaneous speed of 0,4 – 0,44 m/s. The dominant direction of current movement tends to the northeast. The results indicate the current speed during the east monsoon is higher than the west monsoon. The difference in the current speed is also influenced by the tide conditions; higher during high tide and lower during low tide. Monsoons also have a role in the current movements, though the effect is not very significant.

Tides can be defined as waves generated by the interaction between the earth, sun and moon. The peak of the wave is called the high tide (High Water/HW) and the tide is called low tide (Low Water/LW). The tidal period is the time between the crest or trough of a wave to the crest or tide of the next wave. The time of the tidal period varies from 12 hours 25 minutes to 24 hours 50 minutes. The results of preliminary observations to the desa nelayan in Kuala Langsa found that most of the outskirt fishermen and anglers always look for fish and other marine animals in high tide conditions. Nevertheless, they do not know for sure when the sea water will rise. They detect sea level rise using only a simple tool such as a stick attached to the river and from their house poles under the water. This condition can be detrimental to fishermen both time and economically. The author also began to think about how to create a detection tool that can provide accurate information on sea level conditions at any time to fishermen and anglers via smartphones. The author finally got the best idea, namely creating a "Sea Level Detection System in Kuala Langsa for Fishermen and Anglers Using NodeMCU and Internet of Thing (IoT) Based Waterlevel Sensors and Telegram Messenger. This research has been successfully carried out, where the IoT-based sea level detection tool can work well during experiments in the laboratory and during implementation at the Kuala Langsa estuary, Langsa City.

The article discusses the refugee crisis in Europe, which has come to be symbolized by an Italian island of Lampedusa. The author of the article analyses two pieces by Jarosław Mikołajewski, a reportage Wielki przypływ [Great high tide] and a children’s story Wędrówka Nabu [Nabu’s Wandering], and seeks the answers to the following questions. What image of Lampedusa emerges from the reportage? What is the impact of the refugee crisis upon the lives of its residents? And finally, what is their attitude to the Other? Following Mikołajewski’s thinking, the author reflects on the challenges that the immigrants “at the gates of Europe” pose. In her opinion, Mikołajewski’s stance is open and emphatic. The aim of introducing the theme of migrants into children’s books is to teach them to be responsible for others.

Tenualosa macrura is an endangered fish in Riau Province, which is classified as a protected fish. Therefore, the first step is to study the reproductive cycle, aiming o prevent these species from extinction. The observation was carried out for 13 months from January 2019 to February 2020 (except February 2019) in Indonesia's Bengkalis waters. This study's purpose was determined to determine the spawning season, fecundity, and behavior of this species. The results showed that the relationship between length and weight positively correlates with the length-weight of male T. macrura (R² = 0.84) and female (R² = 0.67), while the length-weight of all males and females were reported to be (R² = 0.95). Meanwhile, the relationship between fecundity and length-weight has no relationship. Furthermore, the spawning season lasted all through the year, and it occurred at every low tide (dark moon) and high tide (full moon). Despite being discovered occasionally in a limited amount, the greatest amount of T. macrura was reported between July and September each year.

EnglishIn the Island of Maranhao, coastal barrier systems can be divided into two main morphotypes: (i) Headland Spit Barriers, which are characterized by a beach attached transversely to the previous topography showing a steep gradient where there is continuous loss of sand on the eroded coast; and (ii) Mailand Beach Barriers, which are characterized by a lagoon-barrier-spur system anchored longitudinally to the previous topography. This latter morphotype originates from a large sediment transport via the coastal drift, whose extension is usually interrupted by the hydraulic spike effect, together with high tide prisms in the river mouths. The present study uses percussion and vibrocore drills to recover the sedimentary record, which is described in terms of its sedimentation, texture, structure and sedimentation facies. The results obtained demonstrate the stratigraphic nature of the coastal barrier in the Ponta da Areia Beach as a retrogradation sequence characterized by the migration towards the continent of a sandy spur. The radiometric dating of lagoon sediments on the beach attested the age of 7,240 ± 30 years AP indicating that at this time, this lagoon-barrier-spur system extended out to sea. Recently, the construction of a coastal spire has changed this stratigraphic nature, and it has a progradational system in the immediate vicinity of the spike, where distal environments (backshore) are sotopostos by proximal environments (foreshore) portuguesNa Ilha do Maranhao os sistemas de barreiras costeiras podem ser divididos em dois morfotipos principais: (i) Barreiras de Praias Anexadas, que se caracterizam por uma praia anexada transversalmente a topografia antecedente exibindo um gradiente ingreme onde ha perda continua de areia na costa erodida; e (ii) Barreiras de Esporoes Arenosos ligadas a Cabecos de Promontorios, que se caracterizam por um sistema laguna-barreira-esporao ancorado longitudinalmente a topografia antecedente. Este ultimo morfotipo origina-se de um amplo transporte de sedimentos via deriva litorânea, cujo prolongamento e geralmente interrompido pelo efeito espigao hidraulico, junto a elevados prismas de mare nas desembocaduras fluviais. O presente estudo utiliza-se de sondagens do tipo percussao e vibrocore para recuperacao do registro sedimentar, o qual e descrito quanto a sua compactacao, textura, estruturas e facies sedimentares. Os resultados obtidos demonstram a natureza estratigrafica da barreira costeira na Praia da Ponta da Areia como uma sequencia retrogradacional caracterizada pela migracao em direcao ao continente de um esporao arenoso. A datacao radiometrica de sedimentos lagunares aflorantes na praia atestou a idade de 7.240±30 anos AP indicando que neste tempo, este sistema laguna-barreira-esporao estendia-se mar adentro. Recentemente a construcao de um espigao costeiro alterou esta natureza estratigrafica, passando a comportar um sistema progradacional nas imediacoes do espigao, onde ambientes distais (antepraia) sao sotopostos por ambientes proximais (foreshore)

Images in the visible range of the MODIS Terra/Aqua and ETM+ Landsat 7/OLI Landsat 8 satellites are used to study vortex streets (VSes) in the region of the Shantar Islands (Sea of Okhotsk​​). Two stable VSes are observed in the Northeast Strait separating Large and Small Shantar Islands. The northern VS forms near Diomede Stones Island, while the southern VS arises near a nameless group of rocks. The northern VS is 9–11 km long and consists of 4–5 pairs of cyclone-anticyclone vortices. The average diameter of a northern vortex is 0.73 ± 0.09 km. Vortices in the southern street are traced at distances of 6–7 km, with 3–5 vortex pairs recorded. The average diameter of a southern vortex is 0.47 ± 0.07 km. Vortices in the chain propagate mainly in the easterly direction at low tide and in the westerly direction at high tide. The spatial and temporal scales of the phenomenon show that both the vortices and VSes in the Northeast Strait are of a sub-mesoscale nature. The remote sensing data allow geometric parameters characterizing the stability of the oceanic VSes to be determined. The results from measurements and calculations can be used as tests demonstrating the possibility of applying the existing theory of similarity to VSes under real oceanic conditions. The parameters of oceanic VSes are compared to the results obtained in laboratory experiments and the characteristics of atmospheric VSes.

Many of the most ancient technologies of urbanization are meant to control water. While there are examples of settlements interlaced with water, from Venice to precolonial Tenochtitlan to the Benga...

On 26 May 2019, over 7 million voters went to the booths to elect 21 Members of the European Parliament, 150 Members of the Belgian (federal) Chamber of Representatives, 124 Members of the Flemish Parliament, 75 Members of the Walloon Parliament, 89Members of the Parliament of the Region of Brussels-Capital and 25 Members of the Parliament of the German-speaking Community. Of the total 484 MPs directly elected, 72 were from a green party, compared with 41 greens elected in 2014., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The next few years may see the high tide of China’s power. Charles Parton highlights significant domestic challenges which the country will confront, and which may combine with an unfavourable inte...

In recent years microplastics have become an issue of global concern due to the negative effects that they cause in the environment, such as their ingestion by marine species and their capacity to adsorb pollutants from water. To face this problem research has been performed around the world to study the presence of microplastics in marine environments. However, the use of different on-field sampling and laboratory characterization techniques, sometimes difficult to replicate, hinders the possibility to compare results. This paper proposes a methodology for sampling and characterization of microplastics on the 1 – 5 mm range present on sand beaches. First, a comparison is made between the different techniques used for sampling, extraction, classification and identification of microplastics on studies performed on the last five years. Then the proposed methodology, which involves sampling in the high tide zone, at 5 cm depth, is explained in detail. The method has a low cost, as it uses simple equipment available in most of the labs. It can be easily replicable and allows presenting results in different units. The decision criteria, materials and steps in each of its seven stages (identification of sampling zone, selection of sampling points, sampling, drying, extraction, quantification and classification of microplastics) are described. Also, it explains a process to eliminate false positives caused by organic matter or shells. This work aims to improve the efficiency, replicability and homogeneity in the study of microplastics.

People of a long time ago lived in harmony with nature. Because of their dependency on the environment and intimacy with nature, they have come up with a set of beliefs and traditions that becomes the basis of modern rice farming practices. This descriptive study aimed to investigate and document the indigenous practices and beliefs of rice farmers in the second district of Capiz, Philippines. Using the researcher’s made questionnaire and interview schedule, data were gathered from 59 rice farmers. Findings revealed that the majority of the respondents were in their middle age (45-57 years old) and were high school undergraduates. Before planting rice, farmers perform Bungad (planting rice and lemongrass in the corner of the rice field facing east). In planting rice, farmers assure that their stomach is full, the sea is in high tide, and the moon is in progress to the full moon. Another is Gabuo (throwing sliced turmeric while walking around the ripe grains for three consecutive afternoons) to drive away evil spirits. After harvesting, farmers perform pamutang butang or thanksgiving by offering a portion of their best yield to someone they believe mystic. Local farmers utilize mouse traps, dead animals, and plastic strips to get rid of rats, mole cricket, rice bugs, and birds (Maya), respectively. Indigenous practices and beliefs of farmers were based on their forefathers and from their personal observations and experiences. It is recommended that concerned agencies must document farmers’ indigenous beliefs and practices.