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Takayasu arteritis (TA) sometimes presents with colitis, which may be diagnosed as inflammatory bowel disease unclassified (IBDU) because of atypical or mixed findings of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease. We herein report an 18-year-old girl presenting with colitis with an occasional high fever eventually diagnosed as TA with IBDU. Colonic inflammation was initially discontinuous and stronger in the proximal colon, atypical of UC. However, over 10-year observation, the distribution of colonic inflammation varied and became UC-like. Variations in TA-related colonic inflammations over time have been unclear. Our long-term observation might help clarify the details of TA-related colonic inflammation.

Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (SJIA) is a subtype of childhood rheumatoid arthritis, with the main clinical manifestations of high fever, recurrent rash, and arthritis.

Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (SJIA) is a subtype of childhood rheumatoid arthritis, with the main clinical manifestations of high fever, recurrent rash, and arthritis.

Objective: Fever is one of the frequent reasons for admission to the emergency department. Studies comparing oral forms of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and paracetamol with intravenous (IV) forms for fever are common in the literature. Our study is the first emergency department study comparing IV forms of ibuprofen and paracetamol in the treatment of febrile patients. Methods: A randomized, double-blind study was conducted in a tertiary university emergency department for a six-month period. Patients aged 18-65 years who had a fever of >= 38.0 degrees C were included. Patients were administered 400 mg of IV ibuprofen and 1000 mg of IV paracetamol. The primary aim of the study was to determine whether there was a difference in the effect of the two drugs on fever. The secondary aim was to investigate whether there was a difference in terms of numeric rating scale (NRS) measurements and the need for additional antipyretic therapy. Results: A total of 200 people, 100 of whom were female, were included in the study. The mean age was 30.77 +/- 10.61 years. The mean initial temperature for ibuprofen and paracetamol was 38.79 +/- 0.470 degrees C and 38.70 +/- 0.520 degrees C, respectively, with no difference noted between the groups (p = 0.380). It was found that both drugs significantly provided fever control in the first 30 min (p < 0.001), with no difference between them in terms of fever reduction (p = 0.980). Both drugs significantly improved in accompanying symptoms, although both drugs did not show superiority to each other (p = 0.0226). When evaluated in terms of a need for rescue medication, no significant difference was found between the two drugs (p = 0.404). No side effects were encountered during the study. Conclusion: In adult age group patients admitted to the emergency department with high fever, the IV forms of 1000 mg paracetamol and 400 mg ibuprofen effectively and equally reduce complaints, such as fever and accompanying pain. They can be effectively used as each other's rescue medicine and as an alternative to each other in patients with comorbid diseases. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved., Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination, This article was supported by Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination.

Background Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is one of the major virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) that might be associated with invasive life-threating infections. A prompt diagnosis and adequate treatment are essential in achieving the best outcome and avoiding serious sequelae. We describe a case of severe invasive PVL-SA infection in an infant. A literature review starting from 2010 was also performed in order to discuss clinical presentations, radiological findings, treatment and outcome. Case presentation This is a case of a 6-month-old boy who rapidly developed high fever and poor general condition. He was diagnosed as having multiple muscular abscesses, multiple foci of osteomyelitis and bloodstream infections caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. He received intravenous antibiotics and surgical drainage of the abscess with progressive recovery. Conclusion Our report highlights the importance of improving awareness of this severe infection, as a prompt diagnosis and adequate manage is essential in order to save life and to prevent serious complications.

Infectious pathology in childhood is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Not long ago all over the world (unfortunately, in some places even now) up to 1/4 or more of all born children didn't live till the age of 5 and died because of infections. And the fact that now they have lost their importance the merit of immunoprophylaxis. Fever is the most common symptom of illness in children and a frequent reason for prescribing medication. Fever during infection is a regulatory process due to cytokines. The temperature level does not always correlate with the severity of the infection. Thus, non-life-threatening respiratory viral infections often occur at a higher temperature, at least initial than life-threatening pneumonia. For most patients, fever is not dangerous. The article highlights the current knowledge about the nature of high fever above 38C in children, and considers rational ways of diagnosing and treating diseases in which fever is the only symptom, at least at the beginning of the disease. The main questions of the necessity of prescribing antipyretic drugs are covered. To this end, the literature data obtained by the methods of evidentiary medicine and reflected in the agreed recommendations of authoritative professional societies are used.

Objective To summarize the clinical diagnosis and treatment of superabsorbent polymer balls as nasal foreign bodies in children. Methods We retrospectively analysed the clinical data concerning 12 cases of superabsorbent polymer balls as nasal foreign bodies in children and summarized the corresponding clinical features, methods of diagnoses and treatment, and prognoses. Results Twelve children with superabsorbent polymer balls as foreign bodies in their nasal cavities presented with relatively severe symptoms, such as congestion, runny nose, and nasal swelling. When such foreign bodies stay in the nasal cavity for a prolonged period, patients may suffer from general discomfort, such as agitation, poor appetite and high fever. Most of the children had to undergo nasal endoscopy under general anaesthesia to have the foreign bodies completely removed. An intraoperative examination revealed significant mucosal injury within the nasal cavity. With regular follow-up visits and adequate interventions, all the patients recovered. Conclusion The longer superabsorbent polymer balls remain in the nasal cavity, the more damaged the nasal mucosa will be. It is challenging to remove such foreign bodies in the outpatient setting. Transnasal endoscopy under general anaesthesia appears to be safer and more effective in such cases. Since the nasal mucosa is injured to varying degrees, postoperative follow-up and treatment are equally important for preventing the occurrence of complications.

Background:: The disease leading the whole world in a lockdown state, Coronavirus, is a highly transmitted virus that has spread to the whole world with an intensive speed. Introduction:: Novel coronavirus, termed as COVID-19, is an RNA genome comprising spherical spiked structure, which can infect humans by majorly attacking the respiratory system. The infection is characterized by high fever, dry cough and fatigue. The purpose of this review is to highlight the main characteristic features of COVID-19, the symptoms, and the genetic material present in the virus. The review also focuses on the uniqueness of this virus from other viruses, which has made it difficult to develop a vaccine for its cure. Discussion and Conclusion:: The review has illustrated the number of people who have been affected by COVID 19 in the world with a special emphasis on India. Analysis has shown that how vastly COVID- 19 has affected human beings.

We investigated whether controlled normothermia (CN) after the rewarming phase of targeted temperature management (TTM) is associated with preventing post-rewarming fever and outcomes 6 months after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).This was an analysis of a prospective registry comprising OHCA patients treated with TTM at 22 academic hospitals between October 2015 and December 2018. We calculated the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for body temperature greater than or equal to 37.5 °C for each patient during the first 24 h after the end of rewarming. The relationships among CN and iAUC, 6-month survival and good neurological outcome were analysed. To minimize differences in the baseline characteristics of the patients, we used propensity score-matched analysis.In total, 1144 patients were enrolled. After propensity score matching, 646 patients (comprising 323 pairs) were obtained. In the unmatched cohort, post-rewarming CN was significantly associated with a lower iAUC (0.34 [1.38] vs. 1.19 [2.27]; p 0.001) but not 6-month survival (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.121; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.836-1.504; p = 0.446) and good neurological outcome (adjusted OR: 1.030; 95% CI: 0.734-1.446; p = 0.863). The results were similar in the propensity score-matched cohort (0.38 [1.56] vs. 1.03 [2.21], p 0.001, OR: 1.347, 95% CI: 0.989-1.835, p = 0.059 and OR: 1.280, 95% CI 0.925-1.772, p = 0.137, respectively).Post-rewarming CN prevents high fever in the normothermia phase of TTM. However, our data suggest the lack of association between CN and the patient's 6-month survival and good neurological outcome.

Epidural abscess after obstetric epidural anesthesia occurs infrequently and may result in severe morbidity. We report a clinical case of an epidural abscess in Vietnam. A 31-year-old woman who was in labor was admitted to our hospital and given epidural anesthesia indicated to relieve labor pain. After three hours of anesthesia, cesarean section was indicated for the patient due to signs of fetal failure, the epidural catheter was then used to relieve pain for the first 48 hours postoperatively. On post-partum day 5 she presented with high fever of 39–40°C, fatigue, stimulation, dyspnea, and lumbar pain. The patient then suffered from sepsis and lower limb paralysis. She was diagnosed with epidural abscess based on the MRI of the lumbar spine. The abscess was treated by surgery for draining and appropriate antibiotics with a satisfactory outcome as she completely recovered her motor function and stable health status.

The patient presented with high fever, productive cough, dyspnea, generalized myalgias, conjunctivitis, and whitish elevations with an erythematous base on the buccal mucosa.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main cause of community-acquired pneumonia worldwide; pneumonia occurs sporadically in most cases, but rare outbreaks have been reported. We describe an outbreak occurred in a 21-guests nursing home for elders in Aosta (Italy); outbreak occurred in april 2014 over a 2 weeks period, resulting in 12 out 20 guests affected (all with high fever and respiratory symptoms), two deaths (at home), nine patients referred to Hospital Emergency Room, and eight admissions. Urinary streptococcus antigen was positive in seven out of eight patient tested. None of the nursing home guests were vaccinated against Streptococcus pneumoniaeThe Hospital Medical Direction and Public Health Service gave support and adopted strategies to contain the outbreak spread.We underline the need for pneumococcal vaccination in nursing homes/ Long-term care facilities; accurate check of hygiene behaviours in those setting is also mandatory.

The occurrence of DHF outbreaks is indicated because the vector population of Aedes aegypti is increasing, this mosquito is an insect that always causes problems, its role as a vector carrier of disease can cause serious problems.. The purpose of this research is to analyze influence jumantik cadres on the DHF entomology index in the Work Area of ​​the Pesantren 1 Public Health Center, Kediri. The design of this study is a quantitative analytic study with a cross sectional approach with the focus of the research being aimed at analyzinginfluence behavior, social support and motivation of jumantik cadres on the DHF entomology index in the Work Area of ​​the Pesantren 1 Public Health Center Kediri City with a population of 161 respondents and a sample of 115 respondents drawn by technique Simple Random Sampling.The findings show that hAlmost half of the respondents have a good behavior category as many as 52 respondents (44.8%). Nearly half of the respondents 53 respondents (45.7%) have good category social support. Almost half of the respondents have high category motivation as many as 51 respondents (44%). Nearly half of the respondents 51 respondents (44%) rated their region's entomological index in the medium risk category. Based on the results of the Multiple Linear Regression analysis, it shows that with a p-value of 0.000

Összefoglaló. Újabb megfigyelések szerint a SARS-CoV-2-fertőzést követően gyermekekben a paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) elnevezésű, sokkállapottal szövődött Kawasaki-megbetegedéshez hasonlító, többszervi elégtelenségnek megfelelő tünetegyüttes alakulhat ki. A gyermekek többségében ilyenkor a direkt víruskimutatás már sikertelen, azonban a SARS-CoV-2 ellen képződött antitest igazolhatja a diagnózist. Dolgozatunk célja az egyik első hazai eset ismertetése. Egy 15 éves fiú került gyermek intenzív osztályos felvételre több napon át észlelt magas láz, kesztyű-, zokniszerű exanthema, conjunctivitis, többszervi elégtelenség, szeptikus sokk tüneteivel, akut gyulladásra utaló laboratóriumi eltérésekkel és diffúz hasi panaszokkal. Felvételét megelőzően néhány héttel SARS-CoV-2-fertőzésen esett át. Felvételekor a direkt víruskimutatás sikertelen volt, ám a SARS-CoV-2 elleni antitest vizsgálata pozitív lett. Komplex intenzív terápia mellett állapota stabilizálódott. Az irodalmi ajánlásoknak megfelelően immunglobulin-, acetilszalicilsav- és szteroidkezelésben részesítettük, melynek hatására állapota maradványtünetek nélkül rendeződött. A növekvő esetszámú gyermekkori SARS-CoV-2-fertőzés mellett egyre gyakrabban várható a SARS-CoV-2-fertőzést követő, a Kawasaki-betegség tüneteire emlékeztető PIMS kialakulása. Gyermekekben súlyos szeptikus állapot és többszervi elégtelenség esetén gondolni kell a PIMS lehetőségére, mely esetenként intenzív osztályos ellátást és célzott terápiát igényel. Legjobb tudomásunk szerint a leírásra került beteg a Magyarországon diagnosztizált egyik legkorábbi eset. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(16): 602–607. Summary. Recently following SARS-CoV-2 infection, a new, multisystem disease (paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome, PIMS) with fever was recognized in children with shock and multiorgan failure. On of the first Hungarian cases will be described. A 15-year-old boy was admitted to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit with persistent high fever, diffuse abdominal pain, septic shock, multiple organ failure, gloves- and socks-shaped cutan exanthema, conjunctivitis and laboratory signs of inflammation. Some weeks preceding his admission, symptoms of mild SARS-CoV-2 infection were revealed. At admission, the SARS-CoV-2 PCR and antigen tests were negative, however, the presence of IgG antibody was shown. Following complex supportive intensive care along with internationally recommended immunoglobulin, aspirin and steroid treatment, the patient was completely cured without any sequalae. In children after SARS-CoV-2 infection, PIMS could occur mimicking Kawasaki syndrome. At this time, in children virus PCR or antigen tests are usually negative already, but the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody could prove the preceding disease. Due to the increasing number of SARS-CoV-2 infections, the occurrence of post-SARS-CoV-2 PIMS in childhood is expected to increase. For paediatric patients, in case of severe septic state and multiple organ failure, PIMS should be also considered, which may require intensive care and targeted therapy. As far as we know, the described case is one of the earliest cases of PIMS in Hungary. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(16): 602–607.

BACKGROUND Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a necrotizing inflammation of small and medium-sized vessels accompanied by formation of granuloma, involvement of primary granulomatous upper and lower respiratory tracts, glomerulonephritis, and vasculitis of small vessels. CASE SUMMARY Herein, we described a case of a 52-year-old man admitted with pulmonary nodules and high fever. Autoantibody workup revealed that the patient was positive for c-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and proteinase-3 anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Pulmonary biopsies revealed a local granulomatous structure. The patient received therapy with methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin, and his clinical symptoms improved. CONCLUSION Intravenous immunoglobulin may act on granulomatosis with polyangiitis similar to immunosuppressants.

As infection rates rise, job losses increase and workers leave cities to walk back home, and there is a silent hunger and nutrition crisis striking the country. Those who will bear the brunt of this are the already vulnerable—namely, children, adolescent girls, nursing and expectant mothers—now denied even basic calories. Among these are some who are also suffering huge weight losses because of the 15 days of high fever. This tragedy will play out in various horrifying ways in the future and must be addressed with urgency. Our stimulus package promises loans, which will take time to reach the poor, and a meager ration of cereals and pulses, while hunger and insufficient nutrition are immediate problems as Raghuram Rajan pointed out recently.

ObjectiveTo explore how parents judge disease severity of their febrile child and to identify symptoms they associate with serious illness, minor illness or health.DesignSemistructured interviews were conducted. Interviews were audio taped, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.ParticipantsParents of children aged 0–5 years with a febrile illness.SettingParticipants were recruited at the paediatric ward and the emergency department.ResultsTwenty-six interviews were conducted, in which 37 parents participated. Parents described disease severity of their child mainly in terms of changes in their child’s normal characteristics (behaviour and physical features). They found it harder to describe specific disease symptoms such as dyspnoea or dehydration. Their child being active, eating and drinking well, and smiling were perceived as reassuring, whereas high fever, moving very little and uncertainty about the type of infections were mentioned as alarming symptoms. Previous experience with febrile illnesses in their children was of great influence on the number and accuracy of symptoms they reported.ConclusionParents used the normal behaviour and physical features of their child as a reference frame for judging disease severity. With a larger deviation from the child’s normal characteristics, parents considered the illness more serious. They were less able to describe specific symptoms of disease such as dyspnoea or dehydration. This knowledge is important for clinicians in their communication with parents of children with febrile illness.

Objective: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by high fever, sudden developing respiratory distress, and radiological findings failing to respond to conventional treatments. The purpose of this study is to identify the association of D-dimer levels and lymphocyte counts with poor prognosis and to predict the clinical course in patients with COVID-19. Methods: A total of 118 hospitalized adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were included in the study. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) COVID-19 treatment guidelines, patients were divided into two groups with severe disease (n= 26) and non-severe (n= 92) disease. Detected at the time of diagnosis, D-dimer levels and lymphocyte counts were compared between severe and non-severe COVID-19 patient groups. Distinctive performance analysis of these values was performed, and cut-off values were determined. Results: The mean age of patients was 62 ± 7 years (range 42-80 years), and 63 (53.4 %) were female. The lymphocyte count was lower (p

Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (SJIA) is a subtype of childhood rheumatoid arthritis, with the main clinical manifestations of high fever, recurrent rash, and arthritis.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARSCoV)-2 is a zoonotic viral pathogen belonging to the same family as SARS-CoV. To the best of our knowledge, no case that was receiving mepolizumab for severe asthma and that developed COVID-19 has been reported to date in literature. In September 2020, a 61-year-old male patient undergoing monthly mepolizumab treatment for the last 6 months, in addition to his current asthma treatment, was admitted to our clinic with complaints of high fever (38- 38.5°C), loss of senses of taste for 3-4 days, as well as nonproductive cough and shortness of breath. Patchy ground-glass densities were observed in basal parts of lower lobes of both lungs, and the patient recorded a positive nasopharyngeal real-time PCR SARS-CoV-2 test. The patient was initiated on hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir and an anticoagulant, and home quarantine was recommended. The patient's complaints had relieved significantly by day 5 of the treatment. There is a need for larger and more extensive studies on the effect of medications used for the treatment of patients with severe asthma on COVID-19 infection, and due to its antiviral effects, the potential favorable contribution of mepolizumab to the treatment of COVID-19 infection in this patient group should be monitored. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Siddetli akut solunum sendromu koronavirus (SARSCoV) -2, SARS-CoV ailesiyle ayni aileye mensup, zoonotik bir viral patojendir. Bu zamana kadar, literaturde, agir astim sebebiyle mepolizumab tedavisi alan ve ayni zamanda COVID-19 gelisen bir olgu bildirilmemistir. Agir non-atopik astim tedavisi icin son 6 aydir, mevcut astim tedavilerinin yaninda, mepolizumab tedavisi uygulanan 61 yasinda erkek hasta, Eylul 2020'de klinigimize yuksek ates, son 3-4 gunde gelisen koku ve tat duyusunda kayip, kuru oksuruk ve nefes darligi sikayetleri ile basvurdu. Hastanin akciger tomografisinde her iki akciger alt lob bazal kisimlarinda yama seklinde buzlu cam dansiteleri izlendi ve hastanin SARS-CoV-2 icin PCR sonucu pozitifti. Hastaya hidroksiklorokin, favipiravir ve antikoagulan tedavi baslandi ve hasta evde karantinaya alindi. Takiplerinde, tedavinin 5. gununde hastanin sikayetleri onemli olcude rahatladi. Agir astim hastalarinin tedavisinde kullanilan ilaclarin COVID-19 enfeksiyonu uzerine etkilerini inceleyen genis ve kapsamli calismalara ihtiyac oldugu asikar olmakla beraber, anti-viral etkinligi sebebiyle, bu hasta grubunda, mepolizumabin COVID-19 enfeksiyonu tedavisine olumlu katkilari goz ardi edilmemeli ve takip edilmelidir. (Turkish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Respiratory Case Reports is the property of LookUs Scientific and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We report the case of a 41-year-old patient with no family history of sudden cardiac death. The patient presented with high fever and vomiting and was diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis. Screening for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was positive. An electrocardiogram (ECG) performed during a fever episode revealed a Brugada pattern. Fever can be a trigger for induction of the electrocardiographic Brugada pattern but it is still unknown if the cardiac involvement by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can interfere with myocardial ion channels.

Among the types of acute thyroiditis, subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is rare in children, and there is limited knowledge regarding its characteristics in pediatric cases. We present a case of SAT in a 6-yr-old boy who was brought to our hospital with high fever and pain in the front portion of the neck. Acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST), which is common in children, was suspected initially. Tenderness observed in the thyroid corresponded to a hypoechoic region on ultrasonography. The tenderness subsequently shifted to the isthmus, which was evident as a hypoechoic region on ultrasonography. Movement of hypoechoicity is typical of creeping thyroiditis, wherein the pain and tenderness can be unilateral or may start on one side and subsequently shift to the contralateral side after days or even weeks. Based on this characteristic and changes in laboratory parameters, the patient was diagnosed as a case of creeping thyroiditis. Improvement was observed in the patient without the use of anti-inflammatory drugs. At the 2-yr follow-up, the patient did not have thyrotoxicosis or relapse. Although AST is more prevalent than SAT in children, ultrasonography findings of creeping thyroiditis may be an important indicator for the diagnosis of SAT in pediatric patients.

Long-term administration of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine leads to deposition in the tissues including muscles, nerves and retina. Here, we report a case of hydroxychloroquine induced creatine kinase elevation after loading dose. An 80-year-old man with comorbidities, presented with a dry cough, high fever, diarrhea and general condition disorder ongoing for the last 3 days. The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit. The treatment was commenced with hydroxychloroquine. On the first day of treatment, the loading dose of hydroxychloroquine was started as 400 mg q12h, and treatment was continued as 200 mg q12h from the 3rd dose. After the hydroxychloroquine loading dose, the patient’s creatine kinase level increased, and after drug cessation, the level decreased. Hydroxychloroquine-induced creatine kinase elevated may be on not only long-term use but also acute period. Clinicians should have a high suspicion for hydroxychloroquine toxicity in patients with risk factors.

Objective: This study aims to provide scientific basis for rapid screening and early diagnosis of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) through analysing the clinical characteristics and early imaging/laboratory findings of the inpatients. Methods: Three hundred and three patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from the East Hospital of People’s Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan, China) were selected and divided into four groups: youth (20–40 years, n = 64), middle-aged (41–60 years, n = 89), older (61–80 years, n = 118) and elderly (81–100 years, n = 32). The clinical characteristics and imaging/laboratory findings including chest computed tomography (CT), initial blood count, C-reactive protein [CRP]), procalcitonin (PCT) and serum total IgE were captured and analysed. Results: (1) The first symptoms of all age groups were primarily fever (76%), followed by cough (12%) and dyspnoea (5%). Beside fever, the most common initial symptom of elderly patients was fatigue (13%). (2) Fever was the most common clinical manifestation (80%), with moderate fever being the most common (40%), followed by low fever in patients above 40 years old and high fever in those under 40 years (35%). Cough was the second most common clinical manifestation and was most common (80%) in the middle-aged. Diarrhoea was more common in the middle-aged (21%) and the older (19%). Muscle ache was more common in the middle-aged (15%). Chest pain was more common in the youth (13%), and 13% of the youth had no symptoms. (3) The proportion of patients with comorbidities increased with age. (4) Seventy-one per cent of the patients had positive reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction results and 29% had positive chest CT scans before admission to the hospital. (5) Lesions in all lobes of the lung were observed as the main chest CT findings (76%). (6) Decrease in lymphocytes and increase in monocytes were common in the patients over 40 years old but rare in the youth. Eosinophils (50%), red blood cells (39%) and haemoglobin (40%) decreased in all age groups. (7) The proportion of patients with CRP and PCT elevation increased with age. (8) Thirty-nine per cent of the patients had elevated IgE, with the highest proportion in the old (49%). Conclusion: The clinical characteristics and imaging/laboratory findings of COVID-19 patients vary in different age groups. Personalised criteria should be formulated according to different age groups in the early screening and diagnosis stage.

Background and objective: Children’s caregivers around the world are often unaware of the level of body temperature that indicates a fever. The way that they deal with a fever-ish child is sometimes incorrect or inappropriate. This study aimed to assess the mothers’ knowledge regarding fever management of a child under the age of five. Methods: A quantitative descriptive study was carried out in Ranya in the Kurdistan Re-gion of Iraq in 2018-2019. A purposive sample of 120 participants was initially selected from the mothers who attended two Primary Healthcare Centers (Kewarash and Paparin) in Ranya. The questionnaire was utilized as a tool for data collection, and both descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistical data analysis included frequencies, percentages, and mean scores and the inferential sta-tistical data analysis provided mean scores and Chi-square. Results: A total of 110 mothers participated in the study after the exclusion of 10 women. The findings showed that 76% of participants did not know which measurement is the best to measure child temperature, 82% were not sure about the best place to take child’s temperature, and 63% did not have knowledge about what temperature is consid-ered to be a fever. According to the results, 72% of mothers believed that a cold sponge or ice pack is suitable for lowering body temperature, while 87% of mothers knew the most common complication of high fever. There was a positive association between level of education and mothers' knowledge regarding child fever management. Conclusions: While mothers have some knowledge about fever and its management, they are unable to utilize this knowledge correctly. An educational program should be devel-oped for mothers who attend primary healthcare centres to teach them about child fever management.

During the 15th and 16th centuries, five epidemics of a disease characterized by high fever and profuse sweating ravaged England. The disease became known as English sweating sickness because it started in England, though it also struck Ireland and mainland Europe. The infectious disease was reportedly marked with pulmonary components, and the mortality rate was estimated to be between 30% and 50%. The evidence of the “sweating sickness” story is medically fascinating and historically noteworthy as to its sudden appearance in 1485 and major disappearance in 1551. This was a period when the Church of England broke away from the Roman Catholic Church; and the then Prince of Wales, Arthur Tudor, died possibly of sweating sickness. The Church played a vital role during those periods: responses were made in the form of treatment (in Germany), ecclesiastical prayers, tailored worship, and devotions during those trying times, and the preservation of fragile records relating to the epidemics.

Highlights • Mediastinitis by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration. • EBUS-related mediastinitis is treated effectively by surgical drainage. • Combination of surgery and medical treatment can be very effective in the treatment of inflammation caused by EBUS., We report two cases of severe mediastinitis accompanied by abscess due to endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), that were successfully treated by effective surgical drainage. A 68-year-old woman was referred to our hospital due to chest discomfort and high fever after EBUS-TBNA, and a 54-year-old man was referred due to general weakness, chills, and high fever after the same procedure. Both were diagnosed with EBUS-related mediastinitis and discharged after surgical treatment. Similar to previous reports, the importance of surgical procedures for mediastinitis caused by EBUS-TBNA was suggested. Further research and establishment of guidelines on this matter is necessary.