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Early oral feeding is the preferred mode of nutrition for surgical patients. Avoidance of any nutritional therapy bears the risk of underfeeding during the postoperative course after major surgery. Considering that malnutrition and underfeeding are risk factors for postoperative complications, early enteral feeding is especially relevant for any surgical patient at nutritional risk, especially for those undergoing upper gastrointestinal surgery. The focus of this guideline is to cover both nutritional aspects of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) concept and the special nutritional needs of patients undergoing major surgery, e.g. for cancer, and of those developing severe complications despite best perioperative care. From a metabolic and nutritional point of view, the key aspects of perioperative care include the integration of nutrition into the overall management of the patient, avoidance of long periods of preoperative fasting, re-establishment of oral feeding as early as possible after surgery, the start of nutritional therapy immediately if a nutritional risk becomes apparent, metabolic control e.g. of blood glucose, reduction of factors which exacerbate stress-related catabolism or impaired gastrointestinal function, minimized time on paralytic agents for ventilator management in the postoperative period, and early mobilization to facilitate protein synthesis and muscle function.

Water window (WW) soft X-ray (wavelength: 2.3-4.4 nm) is a suitable light source for observing nanometer-size structure of living cells and bio-molecules. Although laser produced plasma has been expected as a bright and short pulse X-ray source, the conversion efficiency from driving laser pulse energy to WW radiation is far below 1%, which hinders the realization of a compact and low-cost X-ray microscope. Recently, it was found that the WW radiation increased, when an Au target was irradiated by the GEKKO XII laser (1053 nm, 500 ps, 120 J) under low-pressure nitrogen atmospheres up to 400 Pa. However, the fact that the laser facility is huge and its repetition rate is very low makes it impossible to apply this X-ray source to the microscope. In order to realize the practical microscope capable of reducing size and cost, The bright X rays generated with a joule class pulsed laser with a high repetition rate is essential. Therefore, under N2 atmospheres we measured the WW spectra emitted from Au plasma generated with a commercial nanosecond laser with a low-output energy and 10Hz-repwtition., 2nd Asia-Pacific Conference on Plasma Physics (AAPPS-DPP2018)

Early oral feeding is the preferred mode of nutrition for surgical patients. Avoidance of any nutritional therapy bears the risk of underfeeding during the postoperative course after major surgery. Considering that malnutrition and underfeeding are risk factors for postoperative complications, early enteral feeding is especially relevant for any surgical patient at nutritional risk, especially for those undergoing upper gastrointestinal surgery. The focus of this guideline is to cover nutritional aspects of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) concept and the special nutritional needs of patients undergoing major surgery, e.g. for cancer, and of those developing severe complications despite best perioperative care. From a metabolic and nutritional point of view, the key aspects of perioperative care include: • integration of nutrition into the overall management of the patient • avoidance of long periods of preoperative fasting • re-establishment of oral feeding as early as possible after surgery • start of nutritional therapy early, as soon as a nutritional risk becomes apparent • metabolic control e.g. of blood glucose • reduction of factors which exacerbate stress-related catabolism or impair gastrointestinal function • minimized time on paralytic agents for ventilator management in the postoperative period • early mobilisation to facilitate protein synthesis and muscle function The guideline presents 37 recommendations for clinical practice.

The prevalence of malnutrition ranges up to 50% among patients in hospitals worldwide, and disease-related malnutrition is all too common in long-term and other health care settings as well. Regrettably, the numbers have not improved over the past decade. The consequences of malnutrition are serious, including increased complications (pressure ulcers, infections, falls), longer hospital stays, more frequent readmissions, increased costs of care, and higher risk of mortality. Yet disease-related malnutrition still goes unrecognized and undertreated. To help improve nutrition care around the world, the feedM.E. (Medical Education) Global Study Group, including members from Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and North and South America, defines a Nutrition Care Pathway that is simple and can be tailored for use in varied health care settings. The Pathway recommends screen, intervene, and supervene: screen patients' nutrition status on admission or initiation of care, intervene promptly when needed, and supervene or follow-up routinely with adjustment and reinforcement of nutrition care plans. This article is a call-to-action for health caregivers worldwide to increase attention to nutrition care.

Objectives: Aloe vera gel extract (AVGE) was recently produced using a new procedure with supercritical carbon dioxide fluid. AVGE was proven safe in acute toxicity and subchronic toxicological tests, and was shown to contain five phytosterols (Aloe-sterols). AVGE may inhibit the accumulation of visceral fat due to the functions of Aloe-sterols, which may, in turn, contribute to preventing metabolic syndrome. A meta-analysis previously revealed that obesity was positively associated with colon cancer. Therefore, we examined the effects of the dietary administration of AVGE on intestinal polyp formation in Apc-deficient Min mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods: Male Min mice were divided into normal diet (ND), HFD, and AVGE groups. The ND group was fed an AIN-93G diet, the HFD group was given modified high-fat AIN-93G diets, and the AVGE group was fed HFD 0.0125% containing AVGE for 65 days. Results: Between days 56 and 65, body weights were significantly lower in the HFD group than in the ND group, and were slightly lower in the AVGE group. The total number of polyps (≥0.5 mm in diameter) in the small intestine and total (small and large) intestine was significantly lower in the AVGE group than in the HFD group. When intestinal polyps were categorized by their size into 0.5-1.4, 1.5-2.4, or ≥2.5 mm, the number of large polyps (≥2.5 mm) in the small intestine was significantly lower in the AVGE group than in the HFD group. Plasma HMW adiponectin levels were significantly higher in the AVGE group than in the HFD group. Conclusion: The dietary administration of AVGE reduced the total number of polyps and number of large polyps. By combining our results with other findings, the inhibition of cell proliferation by HMW adiponectin was suggested as one of the mechanisms underlying the suppression of intestinal polyp formation.

PubMed ID: 24997720, The prevalence of malnutrition ranges up to 50% among patients in hospitals worldwide, and disease-related malnutrition is all too common in long-term and other health care settings as well. Regrettably, the numbers have not improved over the past decade. The consequences of malnutrition are serious, including increased complications (pressure ulcers, infections, falls), longer hospital stays, more frequent readmissions, increased costs of care, and higher risk of mortality. Yet disease-related malnutrition still goes unrecognized and undertreated. To help improve nutrition care around the world, the feedM.E. (Medical Education) Global Study Group, including members from Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and North and South America, defines a Nutrition Care Pathway that is simple and can be tailored for use in varied health care settings. The Pathway recommends screen, intervene, and supervene: screen patients' nutrition status on admission or initiation of care, intervene promptly when needed, and supervene or follow-up routinely with adjustment and reinforcement of nutrition care plans. This article is a call-to-action for health caregivers worldwide to increase attention to nutrition care. © 2014 AMDA - The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine.