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Kesuburan tanah merupakan kemampuan tanah dalam menyediakan unsur hara yang dibutuhkan oleh tanaman untuk mendukung pertumbuhan dan reproduksinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status kesuburan podsolik merah kuning pada berbagai tutupan lahan dan tingkat kelerengan di Kabupaten Gayo Lues. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dan analisis deskriptif. Pengambilan sampel tanah dilakukan dengan cara pengeboran dengan kedalaman 0-20 cm dan 20-40 cm. Sifat-sifat kimia tanah yang diamati adalah C-organik, P-Total, K-Total, KTK dan KB. Sampel tanah dianalisis di Laboratorium Kimia Tanah dan Laboratorium Penelitian Tanah dan Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh. Penentuan status kesuburan berpedoman pada Pusat Penelitian Tanah PPT, Bogor (1995). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status kesuburan tanah podsolik merah kuning pada berbagai tutupan lahan dan tingkat kelerengan di Kabupaten Gayo Lues adalah rendah.Study of The Fertility Status of Red Yellow Podzolic Soil on Various Land Covers in Gayo Lues RegencyAbstract. Soil fertility is the ability of the soil to provide nutrients needed by plants to support their growth and reproduction. Study aims to determine the fertility status of red yellow podzolic soil on various land covers and slope levels in Gayo Lues Regency. Study uses survey methods and descriptive analysis. Soil samples were taken by drilling with a depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. The chemical properties of the soil observed were C-organic, P-Total, K-Total, CEC and base saturation. Soil samples were analyzed at the Soil Chemistry Laboratory and the Soil and Plant Research Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh. Determination of fertility status is guided by the PPT Soil Research Center, Bogor (1995). The results showed that the fertility status of red yellow podzolic soil on various land covers and slope levels in Gayo Lues Regency was low.

Soil is the largest carbon reservoir in terrestrial ecosystems, half of the carbon enters the soil through plant residues and other soil organisms that decompose and accumulate in the soil. Each type of soil has a different amount of carbon with the depth of the soil. This study aims to determine the distribution of C-organic in the soil of Podsolic Brown and Podsolic Merah Yellow with its depth. This study used a survey method accompanied by field observations accompanied by soil sampling based on land map units (SPL). The data from the research were interpreted and then analyzed descriptively to describe the distribution of C-organic in the two types of soil studied. The results showed that Podsolic Cocoa soil had a total C-organic content of 7, 03% (high) and Red Yellow Podsolik had a total organic C of 3.99% (medium). Distribution of C-organic namely C-total, C-Free, C-Bound Clay, and C-Bound sesquioxides in each type and depth of soil has a different amount of carbon. Brown Podsolic and Red Yellow Podsolic soils have the same pattern, namely the higher the soil depth, the lower the organic C content.Distribution of Organik Carbon in Variety Types of the Depth in Gayo Lues RegencyAbstract. Soil is the largest carbon reservoir in terrestrial ecosystems, half of the carbon enters the soil through plant residues and other soil organisms that decompose and accumulate in the soil. Each type of soil has a different amount of carbon with the depth of the soil. This study aims to determine the distribution of C-organic in the soil of Podsolic Brown and Podsolic Merah Yellow with its depth. This study used a survey method accompanied by field observations accompanied by soil sampling based on land map units (SPL). The data from the research were interpreted and then analyzed descriptively to describe the distribution of C-organic in the two types of soil studied. The results showed that the Brown Podsolic soil had a total C-organic content of 7.03% (high) than the Red Yellow Podsolic had a total C-organic content of 3.99% (medium). Distribution of C-organic, namely C-total, C-Free, C-Bound Clay, and C-bound sesquioxides in Brown Podsolic and Red Yellow Podsolic soils had the same pattern, namely the higher the soil depth, the lower the C-organic content.

Fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA) merupakan mikroorganisme yang berperan sebagai pupuk hayati, karena kemampuannya dalam meningkatkan serapan hara, serapan air dan daya tahan tanaman terhadap kekeringan. Media perbanyakan yang sesuai mempengaruhi kualitas inokulan FMA. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi media perbanyakan berbasis kompos terhadap produksi inokulan FMA Acaulospora tuberculata. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok non faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah zeolit 100% + NPK, zeolit+10% kompos, zeolit+20% kompos, zeolit+10% kompos yang diinokulasi fungi selulolitik (FS) Talaromyces pinophilus strain MR107, zeolit+ 20% kompos yang diinokulasi FS T. pinophilus strain MR107, zeolit +10% kompos yang diinokulasi FS Penicillium sp. isolate SR18, zeolit +20% kompos yang diinokulasi FS Penicillium sp. isolate SR18, zeolit+10% kompos yang diinokulasi FS Purpureocillium lilacinum, dan zeolit+20% kompos yang diinokulasi FS P. lilacinum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media perbanyakan berbasis kompos memberikan pengaruh sangat nyata terhadap jumlah spora FMA dan kolonisasi FMA pada akar tanaman inang. Perlakuan zeolit+20% kompos FS P. lilacinum menghasilkan jumlah spora FMA terbanyak sedangkan media zeolit + 10% kompos yang diinokulasi FS T. pinophilus strain MR107, zeolit + 20% kompos yang diinokulasi FS Penicillium sp. isolate SR18, zeolit + 10% kompos dan zeolit + N P K memberikan pengaruh yang sama terhadap tingkat kolonisasi FMA yang tertinggi. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa media kombinasi zeolit dan kompos dengan atau tanpa diperkaya fungi selulolitik efektif sebagai media perbanyakan dalam memproduksi spora FMA.Pengaruh Media Perbanyakan Berbasis Kompos Terhadap Produksi Inokulan Jamur Mikorhiza ArbuskularAbstract. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are microorganisms that act as biological fertilizers, because of their ability to increase nutrient uptake, water uptake and plant resistance to drought. Appropriate propagation media affects the quality of AMF inoculants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a combination of compost-based propagation media on the production of Acaulospora tuberculata inoculants. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design with three replications. The treatments tested were zeolite 100% + NPK, zeolite + 10% compost, zeolite + 20% compost, zeolite + 10% compost inoculated with cellulolytic fungi (CS) Talaromyces pinophilus strain MR107, zeolite + 20% compost inoculated with CS T. pinophilus strain MR107, zeolite + 10% compost inoculated with CS Penicillium sp. isolate SR18, zeolite +20% compost inoculated with CS Penicillium sp. isolate SR18, zeolite+10% compost inoculated with CS Purpureocillium lilacinum, and zeolite + 20% compost inoculated with CS P. lilacinum. The results showed that compost-based propagation media had a very significant effect on the number of AMF spores and AMF colonization on host plant roots. Treatment of zeolite+20% compost inoculated with CS P. lilacinum produced the highest number of AMF spores while zeolite + 10% compost inoculated with CS T. pinophilus strain MR107, zeolite + 20% compost inoculated with CS Penicilliumsp. isolat SR18, zeolit +10% kompos dan zeolit + NPK memberikan pengaruh yang sama pada tingkat kolonisasi FMA tertinggi. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi media zeolit dan kompos dengan atau tanpa pengayaan jamur selulolitik efektif sebagai media perbanyakan spora FMA.

Kopi arabika merupakan salah satu jenis kopi yang dikembangkan di Kabupaten Bener Meriah. Pertanian organik menjadi salah satu sistem pertanian yang digunakan masyarakat di Kabupaten Bener Meriah. Sebagian petani kurang memahami budidaya kopi organik yang tepat, hal ini menyebabkan tanaman kopi memiliki kandungan hara yang rendah sehingga tidak dapat berproduksi secara maksimal. Salah satu alternatif yang bisa digunakan yaitu pemberian kompos dengan memanfaatkan bahan baku lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian beberapa jenis kompos bahan baku lokal terhadap produksi kopi arabika Kecamatan Timang Gajah Kabupaten Bener Meriah. Bahan yang digunakan yaitu tumbuhan gulma Tithonia diversifolia, Lamtoro, dan limbah biji kopi. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non Faktorial yang terdiri dari 7 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan sehingga terdapat 21 tanaman kopi arabika sampel yang diamati setelah pemberian kompos dengan dosis 12,5 kg pohon-1. Perlakuan yang digunakan terdiri dari: kompos T. diversifolia, kompos Lamtoro, kompos Kulit Biji Kopi, kompos T.diversifolia + Lamtoro, kompos T. diversifolia + Kulit Biji Kopi dan kompos Lamtoro + Kulit Biji Kopi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di University Farm Stasiun Riset Bener Meriah, Desa Mekar Ayu, Kecamatan Timang Gajah, Kabupaten Bener Meriah. Parameter yang diamati yaitu Jumlah cabang produktif, Jumlah dompol per cabang, Jumlah dompol per pohon, Jumlah buah per dompol, jumlah buah per pohon dan Berat buah merah (gelondong). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian beberapa jenis kompos bahan baku lokal tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter jumlah cabang produktif, jumlah dompol per cabang, jumlah dompol per pohon, jumlah buah per dompol, jumlah buah per pohon (gelondong), berat buah kopi merah (gelondong).Production of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Aged 9 Years Due to the Provision of Some Types of Compost Local Raw MaterialsAbstract. Arabica coffee is one type of coffee developed in Bener Meriah Regency. Organic farming is one of the agricultural systems used by the community in Bener Meriah Regency. Some farmers do not understand proper organic coffee cultivation, this causes coffee plants to have low nutrient content so they cannot produce optimally. One alternative that can be used is composting by utilizing local raw materials. This study aims to determine the effect of giving several types of local raw material compost to the production of Arabica coffee, Timang Gajah District, Bener Meriah Regency. The materials used were Tithonia diversifolia plant, Lamtoro, and coffee bean waste. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design (RAK) consisting of 7 treatments and 3 replications so that there were 21 samples of arabica coffee plants observed after composting with a dose of 12,5 kg trees-1. The treatments used consisted of: T. diversifolia compost, Lamtoro compost, Coffee Bean Shell compost, T. diversifolia + Coffee Bean Shell, and Lamtoro compost + Coffee Bean Shell. This research was conducted at the University Farm Bener Meriah Research Station, Mekar Ayu Village, Timang Gajah District, Bener Meriah Regency. The parameters observed were the number of productive branches, the number of bunch per branch, the number of bunch per tree, the number of fruit per bunch, the number of fruit per tree (gelondong), and the weight of the red fruit (gelondong). The results showed that the application of several types of local raw material compost had no significant effect on the parameters of the number of productive branches, the number of bunch per branch, the number of stump per tree, the number of fruit per bunch, the number of fruit per tree (gelondong), the weight of red coffee berries (gelondong).

Efektivitas limbah pertanian seperti ampas tebu, jerami padi dan kulit kopi untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah Inceptisol dapat ditingkatkan dengan adanya dekomposer seperti fungi selulolitik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis limbah pertanian dan dosis fungi selulolitik terhadap unsur hara N, P, K dan pertumbuhan jagung pada Inceptisol. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial 3x3 dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor-faktor yang diuji yaitu jenis limbah pertanian (ampas tebu, jerami padi, dan kulit kopi) dan dosis fungi selulolitik (0, 10 g, dan 20 g). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar N, P, dan K tanah serta pertumbuhan jagung dipengaruhi secara nyata oleh perlakuan tunggal jenis limbah pertanian namun tidak nyata oleh fungi selulolitik dan interaksi kedua perlakuan tersebut. Jerami padi dan kulit kopi memberikan pengaruh nyata lebih baik daripada ampas tebu terhadap tinggi tanaman pada 45 (HST) dan diameter batang pada 30 HST dan 45 HST, namun memberikan pengaruh yang sama dengan ampas tebu terhadap kadar N, P, dan K Inceptisol. Jerami padi dan kulit kopi merupakan limbah pertanian yang potensial untuk memperbaiki kadar hara tanah dan pertumbuhan jagung pada Inceptisol. Effect of agricultural waste and dosage of cellulolytic fungi on soil N, P, K and maize growth (Zea mays L.) on IncepsitolAbstract. The effectiveness of agricultural wastes such as bagasse, rice straw and coffee husks to increase the soil fertility of Inceptisol decomposers such as cellulolytic fungi. This study aimed to determine the effect of the agricultural waste and doses of cellulolytic fungi on the soil N, P, K and the growth of maize on Inceptisol. The study used a 3x3 factorial randomized block design with three replications. The factors were three agricultural waste types (bagasse, rice straw, and coffee husk) and three cellulolytic fungi doses (0, 10 g, and 20 g). The results showed that the soil N, P, and K and maize growth were significantly affected by the treatment of agricultural waste as a single factor, but not by cellulolytic fungi and the interaction of both treatments. Rice straw and coffee husks significantly had a better effect than bagasse on the plant height at 45 (DAP) and stem diameters at 30 DAP and 45 DAP, but gave a similar effect effect as bagasse on N, P, and K levels of Inceptisol. Rice straw and coffee husks are potential agricultural wastes to improve soil nutrient levels and maize growth in Inceptisols.

Kopi adalah komoditas utama perekonomian masyarakat di dataran tinggi Gayo. Petani kopi di Kabupaten Bener Meriah telah menerapkan sistem pertanian organik. Petani kopi organik berangapan bahwa sistem pertanian organik adalah sistem pertanian yang tidak memberikan pupuk ke tanaman hal ini karena kurangnya kesadaran dan pengetahuan petani akan pentingnya memberikan pupuk ketanaman sehingga mengakibatkan kesuburan tanaman rendah dan produksi tanaman kopi rendah. Alternatif yang dapat digunakan adalah pemberian kompos yang dapat dibuat dengan memanfaatkan bahan-bahan yang berada disekitar kebun kopi. Bahan kompos yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari tumbuhan gulma T. diversifolia , tumbuhan lamtoro, dan limbah kulit biji kopi. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non faktorial yang terdiri dari 7 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan, dengan demikian diperoleh 21 satuan percobaan yaitu : tanpa kompos, kompos lamtoro, kompos T.diversifolia , kompos limbah kulit biji kopi, kompos T.diversifolia + lamtoro, kompos T.diversifolia + limbah kulit biji kopi, kompos lamtoro + limbah kulit biji kopi. Parameter yang diamati adalah kandungan hara N, P, dan K. Pemberian pupuk kompos T. diversifolia , kompos lamtoro, kompos limbah kulit biji kopi, kompos T. diversifolia +lamtoro, kompos T. diversifolia +limbah kulit biji kopi, kompos lamtoro+limbah kulit biji kopi dengan dosis 12,5 kg pohon -1 dapat meningkatkan kandungan hara nitrogen, posfor dan kalium. Pemberian pupuk kompos T. diversifolia , kompos lamtoro, kompos limbah kulit biji kopi, kompos T. diversifolia +lamtoro, kompos T. diversifolia +limbah kulit biji kopi, kompos lamtoro+limbah kulit biji kopi dapat meningkatkan kandungan fosfor pada tanaman kopi arabika ( Uses of Compost as Lokal Materials Source to Increase N, P, and K Nutrient Content in Gayo Arabica Coffee Leaves Timang Gajah District, Bener Meriah Regency ) Abstract: Coffee is the main economic commodity of the people in the Gayo highlands. Coffee farmers in Bener Meriah Regency have implemented an organic farming system. Organic coffee farmers think that the organic farming system is an agricultural system that does not provide fertilizer to plants, this is due to the lack of awareness and knowledge of farmers about the importance of providing plant fertilizers, resulting in low plant fertility and low coffee production. An alternative that can be used is the provision of compost which can be made by utilizing materials that are around the coffee garden. The compost material used in this study came from the weed plant T. diversifolia , lamtoro plant, and coffee bean husk waste. The design used in this study was a non-factorial randomized block design (RAK) consisting of 7 treatments and 3 replications, thus obtained 21 experimental units, namely: without compost, lamtoro compost, T.diversifolia compost, coffee bean shell waste compost, compost T.diversifolia +lamtoro, T.diversifolia compost+coffee bean husk waste, lamtoro compost+coffee bean husk waste. The parameters observed were the nutrient content of N, P, and K. The application of T. diversifolia compost, lamtoro compost, coffee bean husk waste compost, T. diversifolia +lamtoro compost, T. diversifolia compost+coffee bean husk waste, lamtoro compost+waste coffee bean husk with a dose of 12.5 kg tree -1 can increase the nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The application of T. diversifolia compost, lamtoro compost, coffee bean husk waste compost, T. diversifolia +lamtoro compost, T. diversifolia compost+coffee bean husk waste, lamtoro compost +coffee bean husk waste can increase the phosphorus content of arabica coffee plants.

Pertanian kopi organik didefinisikan sebagai sistem budidaya pertanian yang mengandalkan bahan- bahan alami tanpa menggunakan bahan kimia sintesis. Permintaan pasar yang semakin meningkat terhadap kopi dikarenakan adanya perubahan pola hidup konsumen yang lebih mengutamakan kesehatan dan kelestarian lingkungan. Potensi kopi Arabika gayo dapat mencapai 3 ton ha-1 tahun-1 jika dirawat dengan optimal, akan tetapi akibat dari pemahaman yang salah tanaman kopi Arabika di Bener Meriah hanya mampu berproduksi 700 – 800 kg ha-1. Umumnya kopi organik yang di budidayakan pada tanah Andisol juga memerlukan asupan nutrisi agar tanaman kopi dapat berproduksi optimal. Alternatif yang dapat digunakan adalah pemberian kompos yang dapat dibuat dengan memanfaatkan bahan-bahan yang ada di sekeliling kebun kopi. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari tumbuhan gulma Tithonia diversifolia, tumbuhan Lamtoro, dan limbah hasil pengolahan biji kopi. Penggunaan kompos dapat menggantikan peran pupuk anorganik dalam meningkatkan unsur hara sehingga asupan nutrisi dapat tercukupi untuk tanaman. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non Faktorial dengan 3 ulangan dan terdiri dari 7 (tujuh) perlakuan sehingga terdapat 21 sampel tanah yangakan diamati dengan dosis kompos yang dipakai yaitu 12,5 kg pohon-1. Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu: Tanpa kompos, kompos T. diversifolia, kompos Lamtoro, kompos Kulit biji kopi, kompos T. diversifolia + Lamtoro, kompos T. diversifolia + Kulit biji kopi dan kompos Lamtoro + Kulit biji kopi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada kebun percobaan Universitas Syiah Kuala, Desa Mekar Ayu, Kecamatan Timang Gajah, Kabupaten Bener Meriah dan di Laboratorium Penelitian Tanah dan Tanaman, Universitas Syiah Kuala. Parameter yang diamati adalah kandungan hara N, P, K. Perlakuan kompos yang diberikan pada tanaman kopi Arabika yang dibudidayakan pada tanah Andisol dapat meningkatkan kandungan hara yaitu: N-total, P-tersedia, K-dd. Perlakuan kompos terbaik yang mampu mensuplai hara lebih banyak pada tanah Andisol untuk tanaman kopi Arabika adalah perlakuan kompos T. diversifolia, sehingga kompos ini dapat di jadikan alternatif pengganti pupuk kimia.The Effect Uses Various Types of Compost on the Content of Andisol N, P, K Nutrients in the Arabica Coffee Plantation, Timang Gajah District, Bener Meriah RegencyAbstract. Organic coffee farming is defined as an agricultural cultivation system that relies on natural ingredients without using synthetic chemicals. The increasing market demand for coffee is due to changes in the lifestyle of consumers who prioritize health and environmental sustainability. The potential of Gayo Arabica coffee can reach 3 tonnes ha-1 year-1 if treated optimally, however as a result of the wrong understanding of Arabica coffee plants in Bener Meriah can only produce 700 - 800 kg ha-1. Generally, organic coffee cultivated on Andisol soil also requires nutritional intake so that coffee plants can produce optimally. An alternative that can be used is the provision of compost that can be made by utilizing the materials around the coffee garden. The materials used in this study came from the weed Tithonia diversifolia, Lamtoro plants, and waste from the processing of coffee beans. The use of compost can replace the role of inorganic fertilizers in increasing nutrients so that nutrient intake can be fulfilled for plants. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design (RBD) with 3 replications and consisted of 7 (seven) treatments so that there were 21 soil samples to be observed with the compost dose used, namely 12.5 kg tree-1. The treatments used were: Without compost, T. diversifolia compost, Lamtoro compost, coffee bean husk compost, T. diversifolia + Lamtoro compost, T. diversifolia compost + Coffee bean husk and Lamtoro compost + Coffee bean husk. This research was conducted at the experimental garden of Syiah Kuala University, Mekar Ayu Village, Timang Gajah District, Bener Meriah Regency and at the Soil and Plant Research Laboratory, Syiah Kuala University. The parameters observed were nutrient content of N, P, K. Compost treatment given to Arabica coffee plants cultivated on Andisol soil can increase the content of nutrients, namely: N-total, P- available, K-dd. The best compost treatment that is able to supply more nutrients to Andisol soil for Arabica coffee is the treatment of T. diversifolia compost, so that this compost can be used as an alternative to chemical fertilizers.

Pemanfaatan fungi mikoriza arbuskular (FMA) dan pupuk kandang merupakan teknologi untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman pada ultisol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh FMA dan pupuk kandang terhadap serapan hara N, P, K. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial 2 x 3 dengan 4 kelompok. Faktor yang dicobakan adalah FMA dan pupuk kandang kambing. Faktor pertama adalah FMA (Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula) dengan 2 taraf yaitu: M0 : Tanpa FMA dan M1 Aplikasi FMA: 20 g/polibag. Faktor kedua yaitu pupuk kandang yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu: P0 : tanpa pupuk kandang, P1 : 50 g /polibag pupuk kandang, P2 : 100 g /polibag pupuk kandang. Adapun hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serapan N sangat nyata dipengaruhi oleh FMA, namun tidak nyata oleh perlakuan pupuk kandang dan interaksi FMA dan pupuk kandang, serapan P sangat nyata dipengaruhi oleh FMA, namun tidak nyata oleh perlakuan pupuk kandang dan interaksi FMA dan pupuk kandang serta serapan K sangat nyata dipengaruhi oleh FMA, namun tidak nyata oleh perlakuan pupuk kandang dan interaksi FMA dan pupuk kandang. Inokulalasi FMA dengan pemberian 100 g/polibag pupuk kandang kambing memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap perbaikan serapan hara kacang hijau pada ultisol.

Fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA) merupakan tipe asosiasi mikoriza yang tersebar sangat luas, fungi ini yang memiliki peran dan manfaat yang penting dalam dunia pertanian. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui keanekaragaman FMA, jumlah spesies spora FMA, dan kolonisasi FMA pada rizosfer berbagai varietas dan umur tanaman kopi arabika di Kecamatan Timang Gajah, Kabupaten Bener Meriah. Penilitian dilaksanakan di perkebunan kopi rakyat di Desa Lampahan Barat dan Desa Mude Benara, Kecamatan Timang Gajah, Kabupaten Bener Meriah. Masing-masing varietas dan umur diambil sebanyak 3 titik, sehingga didapatkan sebanyak 24 sampel. Sampel tanah tersebut digunakan untuk mengisolasi jenis FMA yang terdapat di lahan tersebut. Analisis beberapa sifat kimia dan fisika juga dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data pendukung seperti, pH H2O, C-Organik, N-Total, P-Tersedia, KTK, dan Tekstur. Analisis beberapa sifat kimia dan fisika tanah dilakukan terhadap sampel tanah komposit dari setiap titik sampel, untuk setiap varietas dan umur kopi arabika. Parameter pengamatan yang dilakukan meliputi: Kepadatan spora FMA, identifikasi jenis spora FMA, dan kolonisasi FMA. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan terdapat tiga genus FMA yang didapat pada rizosfer beberapa varietas dan umur kopi arabika di Kecamatan Timang Gajah yaitu Glomus, Acaulospora dan, Gigaspora .Terdapat Genus Glomus sebanyak dua spesies, sedangkan genus Acaulospora dan genus Gigaspora sebanyak empat spesies. Kepadatan spora FMA terbanyak ditemukan pada tanaman kopi arabika varietas Tim-Tim berumur lima tahun. Kolonisasi FMA pada akar kopi arabika pada beberapa varietas tergolong kriteria sangat rendah hingga rendah. Isolation and Identification of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in Various Varieties and Ages of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in Timang Gajah District, Bener Meriah Regency Abstract. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a very widespread type of mycorrhizal association, these fungi which have important roles and benefits in agriculture. The research aimed to determine the diversity of AMF, the number of AMF spore species, and AMF colonization in the rhizosphere of various varieties and ages of Arabica coffee plants in Timang Gajah District, Bener Meriah Regency. The research was carried out in coffee plantations in West Lampahan and Mude Benara Village, Timang Gajah District, Bener Meriah Regency. 3 points were taken for each variety and age, so that 24 samples were obtained. The AMF was isolated by using soil samples which found in the land. The chemical and physical analysis properties was also carried out to obtain supporting data such as pH, H2O, C-Organic, N-Total, P-Available, CEC, and Texture. Analysis of several chemical and physical properties of soil was carried out on composite soil samples from each sample point, for each variety and age of Arabica coffee. Observation parameters carried out included: AMF spore density, identification of AMF spore types, and AMF colonization. The results showed that there were three AMF genera obtained in the rhizosphere of several varieties and ages of Arabica coffee in the District of Timang Gajah, namely Glomus, Acaulospora, and, Gigaspora. There are two species of genus Glomus, while four species of genus Acaulospora and Gigaspora. The highest density of AMF spores was found in the five-year-old Tim-Tim arabica coffee plant. AMF colonization in arabica coffee roots in several varieties was classified as very low to low criteria.

Gayo Lues District is known as Citronella and Arabica coffee producer in Aceh province, Indonesia. This paper aims to manage Citronella and Arabica coffee's land arrangement in the Gayo Lues District's cultivated area. This implementation is aimed at maintaining the peculiarities of citronella products and Arabica coffee. Thus, the two commodities must be separated in terms of allocated sites. The altitude for the area is 200-2,000 meters above sea level, consisting of ten classes, and the type of soils are Entisols, Oxisols, Inceptisols, and Ultisols. The area's slope between 0- to 40% (4 classes) was used to delineate the land units. There are 49 land units observed within the cultivated area of 160,017.17 ha. The guidelines for land suitability classification by the Ministry of Agriculture for Citronella and Center for Coffee and Cocoa Research, Jember for Arabica coffee were utilized. The results showed that 58,275.5 hectares of land were suitable for citronella, and 13,765.75 ha has been planted. The actual land suitability of citronella inside the area of 58,275.5 ha is suitable (S2 class) and marginally suitable (S3-class) and not suitable (N-class) with limiting factors are temperature, water availability, erosion hazard, and nutrient retention. This land suitability can be improved by providing inputs to increase the level of suitability with temperature, water availability, and erosion hazard (slope) limiting factors. Also, 48,765.3 hectares can be developed for Arabica coffee, and 4,653.5 ha has been planted. The actual land suitability for Arabica coffee is Suitable, Marginal Suitable, and Not Suitable, limiting the soil's physical properties (adequate soil depth), slope, and chemical properties of the soil. Once repaired, the land's suitability becomes Suitable (S1-class) (without limiting factor), Suitable, and marginal suitable with the slope as a limiting factor. There is an area of 44,509.75 hectares of land at 200-1,400 m above sea level within the cultivation area developed with a Citronella. There is an area of 44,111.8 ha at the height of 800-2,000 m above sea level, potentially for Arabica coffee.

Bakteri selulolitik dapat dijumpai pada lingkungan seperti ekosistem hutan mangrove. Keberadaannya pada ekosistem mangrove sangat penting untuk dekomposisi serasah magrove tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya bakteri selulolitik pada ekosistem hutan mangrove dan potensinya dalam mendegradasi selulosa secara semi kuantitatif. Metode penelitian ini meliputi pengambilan sampel tanah, isolasi bakteri selulolitik dan uji kemampuan mendegradasi selulosa. Isolasi bakteri dilakukan dengan metode cawan tuang dan pada medium Carboxy Methyl Celullose (CMC). Uji kemampuan degradasi oleh bakteri selulolitik dilakukan pada medium dengan sumber karbon CMC dan daun mangrove. Parameter pengamatannya mengukur aktivitas selulolitik secara semi kuantitatif dan karakterisasi bakteri selulolitik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bakteri selulolitik yang terdapat di ekosistem mangrove berkisar antara 1,1x10 4 SPK g -1 tanah sampai 40,9x10 4 SPK g -1 tanah. Populasi bakteri selulolitik rata-rata asal tanah mangrove bakau kurap18,16x10 4 SPK g -1 , api-api 12,98x10 4 SPK g -1 dan bakau minyak 4,94x10 4 SPK g -1 . Bakteri selulolitik yang memiliki aktivitas selulolitik tertinggi pada medium dengan sumber karbon CMC adalah isolat RM 2.1 ;RA 5.4 ;AA 4.4 dengan rasio zona bening berturut-turut 5,2;4,4;2,5 dan pada medium dengan sumber karbon daun mangrove adalah isolat RA 4.8 ;AA 2.1 ;RM 1.1 dengan rasio zona bening berturut-turut 2,3;1,2; 1,2. Exploration of Cellulolytic Bacteria in the Mangrove Ecosystem Abstract. Cellulolytic bacteria can be found in environments such as mangrove forest ecosystems. Its presence in the mangrove ecosystem is very important for the decomposition of the magrove litter. This study aims to determine the presence of cellulolytic bacteria in mangrove forest ecosystems and their potential in semi-quantitative cellulose degradation. This research method includes soil sampling, isolation of cellulolytic bacteria and testing the ability to degrade cellulose. Bacterial isolation was carried out by the pour cup method and on Carboxy Methyl Celullose (CMC) medium. The degradation ability test by cellulolytic bacteria was carried out on a medium with CMC carbon source and mangrove leaves. The observational parameters measure semi-quantitative cellulolytic activity and characterization of cellulolytic bacteria. The results of this study showed that cellulolytic bacteria in the mangrove ecosystem ranged from 1,1x104 SPK g -1 soil to 40,9x104 SPK g -1 soil. The average population of cellulolytic bacteria from mangrove mangrove soil was ringworm 18,16x104 SPK g -1 , fires 12,98x104 SPK g -1 and mangrove oil 4,94x104 SPK g -1 . Cellulolytic bacteria that have the highest cellulolytic activity on medium with CMC carbon sources are isolates RM 2.1 ;RA 5.4 ;AA 4.4 with clear zone ratios of 5,2;4,4; 2,5 and on medium with carbon sources mangrove leaves were RM 1.1 ;AA 2.1 ;RA 4.8 isolates with a clear zone ratio of 2,3;1,2; 1,2, respectively.

Tanah suboptimal merupakan lahan yang telah mengalami degradasi atau lahan yang mempunyai tingkat kesuburan yang rendah dan tidak dapat mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bahan amelioran dan dosis pupuk yang tepat terhadap serapan hara, efisiensi pemupukan dan hasil padi galur sikuneng. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dimana perlakuan disusun dalam bentuk Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola Faktorial dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Faktor pertama bahan Amelioran yaitu Gipsum, Biochar dan PIM organik dan faktor kedua dosis pupuk Urea, SP36 dan KCl. Hasil penelitian yang didapat bahan amelioran PIM organik dan biochar dapat meningkatkan serapan hara N dan efisiensi pemupukan hara K padi galur Sikuneng sedangkan perlakuan pemupukan N, P dan K dengan dosis Urea 225 Kg/ha, SP-36 150 Kg/ha dan KCl 150 Kg/ha dapat meningkatkan serapan hara, efisiensi pemupukan dan hasil padi galur Sikuneng, tetapi tidak terdapat interaksi antara amelioran dan pemupukan terhadap serapan hara, efisiensi pemupukan dan hasil tanaman padi galur Sikuneng Amelioration Technology and Suboptimal Soil Fertilization and Its Relationship with Nutrient Uptake, Fertilization Efficiency and Yield of Sikuneng Strain RiceAbstract. Land suboptimal an already degraded land or land that has low fertility levels and can not support an optimal plant growth, This study aimed to obtain ameliorant materials and fertilizers is appropriate to the nutrient uptake, fertilizer efficiency and yield of rice strains Sikuneng. This study used an experimental method in which treatment is established in a randomized block design factorial patterns and repeated 3 times. The first factor Ameliorant material is Gypsum, Biochar and organic PIM and the second dose of urea, SP36 and KCl, Research results obtainedmaterial ameliorant PIM organic and biochar can increase the uptake of N and fertilizer efficiency K nutrient rice strains Sikuneng while treatment for N, P and K at a dose of Urea 225 kg / ha, SP-36 150 kg / ha and KCl 150 kg / ha can improve nutrient uptake, fertilizer efficiency and yield of rice strains Sikuneng, but there is no interaction between ameliorant and fertilizer to nutrient uptake, fertilizer efficiency and yield strains of rice plants Sikuneng.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of the application of microorganisms of phosphate providers and organic matters for the growth of Arabica coffee seedlings in Bener Meriah Regency.Design/methodology/approachThe experiments were performed inside the screen house using a random design of factorial group with six repetitions. The experimental treatments consisted of two factors. Factor I is the application of microorganisms of phosphate providers. Factor II is the application of organic matters (T. diversifoliaand the coffee bean skins). The parameters observed were as follows: enhancement of plant height was observed every 30 days for 270 days, and a number of primary branch and dry weight of roots were observed 270 days after planting (DAP). The data obtained were analyzed by analyzing the variance at 5 per cent level; if the treatment had an effect, then the treatment was continued to Duncan’s multiple range test at 5 per cent.FindingsThe application of microorganisms of phosphate provider increases the height improvement, the number of primary branches and the dry weight of roots of Arabica coffee seedlings. The application ofListeriasp. microorganisms of phosphate provider gives the highest yield on the height increase, the number of primary branches and the dry weight of roots of Arabica coffee seedlings. The application of organic matters of coffee beans skin gives higher yield thanTithonia diversifoliain height and dry weight of roots of Arabica coffee seedlings. The interaction between the application of microorganisms of phosphate provider and organic matters increases the dry weight of roots of Arabica coffee seedlings. The interaction ofListeriasp.-skin of coffee beans gives the highest yield on dry weight of roots of Arabica coffee seedlings.Originality/valueSeveral other studies have demonstrated that the application of microorganisms of phosphate providers using phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Fitriatin et al., 2014; Sembiring et al., 2017) and mycorrhizal use (Hart and Trevors, 2005; Rouphael et al., 2015) increased the growth and yield plant. No previous study comprehensively studied the application of microorganisms of phosphate providers and organic matters to improve the growth of Arabica coffee seedlings in Andisol in Bener Meriah Regency.

Soil organic matter is an indicator of soil fertility. The purpose of this study was to analyse various forms of soil organic carbon in citronella plantation, citronella plantation under pine tree, and soil under pine tree. Soil organic carbon in various forms was analysed from soil samples taken from each horizon and soil profile. The soil profiles observed were ultisol profiles planted with citronella, citronella under pine tree, and under pine tree, and slopes; 0-8%, 8-15%, 15 -25%, and 25-40%, in order to obtain 12 soil profiles with a total of 39 soil samples. Ultisols planted with citronella had higher soil organic carbon than ultisols planted with citronella under pine tree and ultisols under pine trees. Based on the slope, the highest soil organic carbon was obtained in the soil with a slope of 0-8%, and decreased with increasing slope. Based on soil depth, the highest soil organic carbon was obtained in the upper horizon, compared to the horizon below. The highest total soil organic carbon was obtained at the soil surface horizon with a slope of 0-8% and citronella was planted. This pattern of total soil organic carbon is similar to that of sesquioxide bound organic carbon, but is not consistent with that of free clay bound organic carbon.

The objective of this research was to determine the antagonistic activity of Trichoderma spp. isolated from patchouli rhizosphere (Pogostemon cablin Benth.). Another objective was to perform antagonistic screening of these fungi to inhibit the growth of the wilted pathogen Fusarium spp. In vitro research was conducted in the Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Universitas Syiah Kuala, from January to June 2020. The study used a completely randomised design with five treatments and three replications. The antagonistic screening was carried out by using the dual culture method of Trichoderma spp. against Fusarium spp. with the medium of Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). The result showed that five isolates of Trichoderma have different antagonistic percentages in inhibiting the Fusarium. The highest antagonistic activity was found from isolate 2 and the lowest value was shown by isolate 3.

Bener Meriah Regency is one of the arabica coffee areas in Indonesia. Generally, most of arabica coffees are grown in Andisols. This research aims to determine the nutrient content of N, P, K in andisols and arabica coffee leaves in the Bener Meriah regency. Data were collected from a 10-year-old arabica coffee tree planted on Andisols located at an altitude of 1200-1400 m above mean sea level and divided in five classes with different slopes, using the survey method and analysed descriptively. The results showed that andisols Bener Meriah had a total N content ranging from 0.09-0.51%. The P-available ranged from 0.3-12.81 mg.kg-1 and P-total content of 159.4-1246.7 mg.kg-1. The K-exchangeable content ranged from 0.17-0.52 cmol kg-1. Arabica coffee leaves contain N ranging from 0.85%-3.00%. The P content ranged from 0.10%-0.23%. Meanwhile, the K content ranged from 1.55%-2.33%. Furthermore, there is a close relationship between soil N-total and the N-nutrient of coffee leaves, soil P-available and P-nutrient of coffee leaves, and soil K-exchangeable and K nutrient contents of coffee leaves with r values of 0.78, 0.97, and 0.68 respectively.

The quality of arabica coffee taste is determined by varieties, altitude, land cultivation, fermentation, drying, roasted, brewed, and potassium content in the seeds. This study aims to find out the Arabica coffee taste in Gayo Lues district planted on different characteristics of land morphology. The plant sampling was collected and determined by altitude places, different slope, similar varieties, similar age, and similar land cultivation. The total sample was observed from 3-5 plants of Arabica Coffea L. seeds in every unit observation. Parameter of observation was Arabica coffee taste in each altitude places. Variables of Arabica coffee taste that observed were aroma, flavor, after taste, acidity, body, balance, uniformity, clean cup, sweetness, overall, defect, and total score. One of the variables of determinant taste was altitudes place. The best taste was obtained from observation land unit (LU) 21 in scoring 83,75. The research results indicated that there was a positive relationship between altitude place and potassium content to Arabica coffee taste.

Currently, waste from patchouli distillation process is unutilized. It is known that the waste still has high nutrient content and has the potential as raw material for organic fertilizers. In this study, we investigated the potential of Trichoderma harzianum, T. asperelum, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as biodecomposer in patchouli waste composting process. The bio decomposers were inoculated to patchouli waste to determine the effect on composting process time, maturation and compost chemical properties. T. harzianum and T. asperelum were added to the compost raw material in the form of pellet (15 g). While P. aeruginosa added suspension at 108 as much as 20 ml. The results showed that the inoculation of T. harzianum, T. asperelum and P. aeruginosa accelerated the decomposition process and improved the compost texture. Chemical properties analysis indicated that the compost produced meet Indonesia compost standarisation. This study revealed that T. harzianum, T. asperelum and P. aeruginosa are potential patchouli waste decomposers.

Bener Meriah district is one of the arabica coffee producing regions in Indonesia with an average production of 700-800 kg ha−1 year−1. Most of arabica coffee in this area are grown in Andisol. This study aims to determine the P status of Andisol, namely P-available, P-total, P-retention, P content of arabica coffee leaves and the correlation between soil P-available and P content of arabica coffee leaves in Bener Meriah district. This research was conducted using survey methods. The observed parameters were made on Andisol planted with arabica coffee which is located at an altitude of 1,200-1,400 m above mean sea level (AMSL) at slopes 0-3, 3-8, 8-15, 15-30, and >30% respectively. The results showed that Andisol Bener Meriah has a P-available ranging from 0.3 to 12.81 ppm (very low-high). Most of the Andisol observed (73.33%) had P-available at very low and low levels. Andisol Bener Meriah has a P-total ranging from 159.4 to 1,246.7 ppm (low-very-high). Most of the Andisol observed (73.33%) have P-total at moderate, high and very high levels. Andisol Bener Meriah has a P-retention ranging from 85.2 to 87.4%. Arabica coffee leaves have P content levels ranging from 0.10% to 0.23%. Most of the arabica coffee leaves (78.57%) were observed have P content at a minimum level.; there is a close relationship between soil P-available with P content of arabica coffee leaves with a value of r = 0.97.