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Combined effects of compression ratios and steam injection on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a HCCI engine are numerically investigated. The pollutant emission is controlled by the dilution of the reactant by steam injection. Combustion is performed by using the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) model. For model assessment, computed results are compared to the published data available in the literature obtained with same boundary conditions. An overall satisfactory agreement is reported. Three values of steam injection ratio are tested. Results show that the performance of the HCCI engine is very low if the steam injection exceed 20%.

In this paper, the effect of the intake temperature (IT) and intake pressure (IP) on ignition timing and pollutants emission of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine is investigated. Numerical computations are performed using the CHEMKIN computer code. The numerical temperature obtained using different boundary conditions is compared to published data and a good agreement is assigned. Results show that the HCCI combustion engine is significantly improved by increasing the IT. With a value of IT lower than 390 K, combustion cannot occur. However, with an IT greater than 420 K, the cylinder pressure decreases. An optimum crank rotation angle is achieved by using IT of 420 K. So, we can conclude that the variation of the IT and IP influence notably the emission concentration., {"references":["S. Onishi, Jo, S.H., Shoda, K., Jo, P.D., and Kato, S., \"Active Thermo-Atmosphere Combustion (ATAC) – A New Combustion Process for Internal Combustion Engines,\" SAE Paper NO. 790501, 1979, doi: 10.4271/790501, 1979.","M. Yao, Z. Chen, Z, B. Zheng, Y. Zhang Xing., \"Study on the controlling strategies of homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion with fuel of dimethyl ether and methanol,'' International Journal of Fuel, vol. 85, pp. 2046-2056, 2006.","J. Ma, X. Lü, L. Ji, Z. Hua Ng, \"An experimental study of HCCI-DI combustion and emissions in a diesel engine with dual fuel,'' International Journal of Thermal sciences, vol. 47, pp. 1235-1242, 2008.","J.W. Pitz, C.K. Westbrook. \"Combustion Chemistry,\" 2011.","H.S. Soyhan, F. Mauss, C. Sorusbay, \"Chemical kinetic modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines using reduced chemistry,\" Comb. Sci. Tech. vol. 174, pp. 73–91, 2002.","M. Izadi Najafabadi, A. A. Nuraini, A. Nor Mariah, and L. Abdul Mutalib, \"Effects of intake temperature and equivalence ratio on HCCI ignition timing and emissions of a 2-stroke engine,\" Applied Mechanics and Materials Journal, vol. 315, pp. 498–502, 2013.","K. Fieweger, R. Blumenthal, G. Adomeit, \"Self-ignition of S.I. engine model fuels: a shock tube investigation at high pressure,\" Comb. Flame, vol. 109, pp. 599–619, 1997.","C. Sayin, M. Gumus, \"Impact of compression ratio and injection parameters on the performance and emissions of a DI diesel engine fueled with biodiesel-blended diesel fuel,\" Journal of Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 31, pp. 3182- 3188, 2011.","S. S. Karhale, R. G. Nadre, D. K. Das & S. K. Dash \"Studies on Comparative Performance of a Compression Ignition Engine with Different Blends of Biodiesel and Diesel under Varying Operating Conditions,\" Karnataka J. Agric. Sci. vol.21(2), pp. 246-249, 2008.\n[10]\tS. Puhan, R. Jegan, K. Balasubbramanian, G. Nagarajan, \"Effect of injection pressure on performance, emission and com-bustion characteristics of high linolenic linseed oil methyl ester in a DI diesel engine,\" Renewable Energy, vol. 34, pp.1227–1233, 2009.\n[11]\tReaction Design, Theory Manual, Chemkin Software, 2004.\n[12]\tJ. Heywood \"Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals,\" McGraw Hill, New York, USA, vol. 42-43, pp. 679-68, 1988.\n[13]\tWoschni, \"A Universally Applicable Equation for the Instantaneous Heat Transfer Coefficient in the Internal Combustion Engines,\" In Proceeding of Power and Propulsion, Michigan, USA, pp. 670, 1967\n[14]\tH. J. Curran, P. Gaffuri, W. J. Pitz, and C. K. Westbrook. \"A comprehensive modeling study of iso-octane oxidation,\" Combust. Flame, vol. 129, pp. 253–280, 2002\n[15]\tY. Mo \"HCCI heat release rate and combustion efficiency: a coupled KIVA multi-zone modeling study,\" Thesis, pp. 1-253, 2008."]}

In order to understand the auto-ignition process in a HCCI engine better, the influence of some important parameters on the auto-ignition is investigated. The inlet temperature, the inlet pressure, and the compression ratio were varied and their influence on the ignition delays and emission characteristics were studied. The inlet temperature was changed from 400 K to 460 K (in step of 15 K), the inlet pressure from 0.9 to 3 atm, while the compression ratio varied from 15 to 23. The fuel that was investigated is isooctane. The inlet temperature, the inlet pressure, and the compression ratio appeared to decrease the ignition delays, with the inlet pressure having the least influence and the compression ratio the most. The effect of these parameters on emissions’ characteristics were also investigated. Results indicate that increasing the compression ratio results in increasing the concentration of all the species., {"references":["W. Ying, H. Li, Z. Jie, and Z. Longbao. \"Study of HCCI-DI combustion and emissions in a DME engine,\" Fuel, vol. 88, no 11, pp. 2255-2261, 2009.","M. Fathi, R. K. Saray and M. D. Checkel. \"The influence of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) on combustion and emissions of n-heptane/natural gas fueled Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engines,\" Applied Energy, vol. 88, no 12, pp. 4719-4724, 2011.","J. Jang, Y. Lee, C. Cho, Y. Woo and C. Bae. \"Improvement of DME HCCI engine combustion by direct injection and EGR,\" Fuel, vol. 113, pp. 617-624, 2013.","F. Foucher, P. Higelin, C. Mounaїm-Rousselle and P. Dagaut. \"Influence of Ozone on the Combustion of n-Heptane in a HCCI Engine,\" Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol. 34, no 2, pp. 3005-3012, 2013.","H. S. Yücesu, T. Topgül, C. Cinar, and M. Okur. \"Effect of ethanol–gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust emissions in different compression ratios,\" Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 26, no 17, pp. 2272-2278, 2006.","R. C. Costa, and J. R. Sodré. \"Compression ratio effects on an ethanol/gasoline fuelled engine performance,\" Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 31, no 2, pp. 278-283, 2011.","P. M. Najt and D. E. Foster, \"Compression-ignited homogeneous charge combustion,\" SAE Technical paper, 1983.","N. Iida and T. Igarashi, \"Auto-ignition and combustion of n-butane and DME/air mixtures in a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine,\" SAE Technical Paper, 2000.","C. Sayin and M. Gumus. \"Impact of compression ratio and injection parameters on the performance and emissions of a DI diesel engine fueled with biodiesel-blended diesel fuel,\" Applied thermal engineering, vol. 31, no 16, pp. 3182-3188, 2011.\n[10]\tS. S. Karhale, R. G. Nadre, D. K. Das and S. K. Dash. \"Studies on comparative performance of a compression ignition engine with different blends of biodiesel and diesel under varying operating conditions,\" Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 21, no 2, 2010.\n[11]\tS. Puhan, R. Jegan, K. Balasubbramanian and G. Nagarajan. \"Effect of injection pressure on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of high linolenic linseed oil methyl ester in a DI diesel engine,\" Renewable Energy, vol. 34, no 5, pp. 1227-1233, 2009.\n[12]\tJ. B. Heywood. \"Internal combustion engine fundamentals,\" New York: McGraw-Hill, 1988.\n[13]\tG. Woschni. \"A universally applicable equation for the instantaneous heat transfer coefficient in the internal combustion engine,\" SAE Technical paper, 1967.\n[14]\tM. Yanbin. \"HCCI Heat Release Rate and Combustion Efficiency: A Couple KIVA Multi-Zone Modeling Study,\" ProQuest, 2008.\n[15]\tE. A. Ajav, B. Singh and T. K. Bhattacharya. \"Performance of a stationary diesel engine using vapourized ethanol as supplementary fuel,\" Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 15, no 6, pp. 493-502, 1998.\n[16]\tT. D'Andrea, P. F. Henshaw and D. K. Ting. \"The addition of hydrogen to a gasoline-fuelled SI engine,\" International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 29, no 14, pp. 1541-1552, 2004.\n[17]\tB. Challen and R. Baranescu, \"Diesel engine reference book,\" McFarland, 1999."]}