Search

Objectives: The pandemic of 2009 H1N1 influenza A emerged in February 2009, with high morbidity and mortality, and rapidly spread globally. São Paulo was among the most affected areas in Brazil. This study compares the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like illness between outpatients and hospitalized patients and evaluates the impact of oseltamivir therapy on the outcome of 2009 H1N1 influenza A patients., Methods: This is a case series study comparing the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like illness between outpatients attended at Hospital São Paulo in August 2009 (the peak of the first pandemic wave) and those patients hospitalized between May and September 2009 (the entire first pandemic wave)., Results: The 1651 patients evaluated were predominantly female (927×686, p<0.001) and aged 31.71±16.42 years, with 148 reporting chronic pulmonary disease. Dyspnea was presented by 381 (23.4%) patients and was more frequent among those aged 30 years or more (p<0.001). Hospitalization occurred at 3.73±2.85 days, and antiviral treatment started 2.27±2.97 days after the onset of first symptoms. A delay of more than 5 days in starting oseltamivir therapy was independently associated with hospitalization (p<0.001), a stay in the ICU (p<0.001) and a higher risk of dying (OR=28.1, 95% CI 2.81-280.2, p=0.007)., Conclusion: The 2009 pandemic of H1N1 influenza A affected young adults, presented a significant disease burden and produced severe cases with a significant fatality rate. However, promptly starting specific therapy improved the outcome.

Introduction: Intrauterine diseases are common morbid disorders. Endometrial and endocervical polyps, myomas, synechiae, uterine malformations, endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer are cited among intrauterine pathology. The investigations using transvaginal sonography and outpatient hysteroscopy had been a gold standard. Transvaginal sonography shows endometrial thickness and heterogeneous variations within the echogenecity of the endometrium uterine pathology. Transvaginal sonography is easy to apply for evaluation of intrauterine pathology and it has high sensitivity to diagnostic for intrauterine disorders. Hysteroscopy was used the gold standard control. It permitted the better identification of intrauterine pathology but the histologic examination has been used for definitive diagnostic. Difficulty apprenticeship this technique had very decrease your access., Objectives: To evaluate the efficiency of transvaginal ultrasonography and outpatient hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of intrauterine pathology., Subjects and Methods: The study conducted was a retrospective diagnostic-type test. They involved a total of 469 women underwent diagnostic hysteroscopy in 2006 in Campinas University. Seventy-nine women were excluded due to lack of ultrasound results in their medical charts. One-hundred and forty-seven premenopausal women and two-hundred and forty-three postmenopausal women. For statistical analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy. The gold standard of the ultrasonography was the hysteroscopy and the gold standard of the hysteroscopy was the endometrium biopsy., Results: The mean age of postmenopausal women was 61 ± 9.4 years. We observed 6.6% of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer and 54% of endometrial polyps. Ultrasonography had a sensitivity of 95.6%, a specificity of 7.4% and an accuracy of 53.7%, while hysteroscopy had a sensitivity of 95.7%, a specificity of 83% and an accuracy of 88.7%. The mean age of premenopausal women was 40 ± 8.2 years. Endometrial cancer was not observed and two cases of endometrial hyperplasia were found. We observed 34% of endometrial polyps. Sensibility was 52.9%, specificity was 68.4% and the accuracy was 61.2% for polyps on ultrasonography while in hysteroscopy was 78.8%, 67.6% and 73.1% respectively. For myoma, sensitivity was 70.6% and 64.3%, specificity was 44.3% and 98.1% and accuracy was 63.3% and 91.2% in ultrasonography and hysteroscopy respectively., Conclusion: Hysteroscopy had better diagnostic accuracy than ultrasonography for the detection of intrauterine pathology.

Purpose: to verify the association between ultrasonographic signs during gestation and post-delivery evolution in fetuses with bilateral obstructive uropathies, followed up in an expectant way., Methods: fetuses with bilateral obstructive uropathies presenting severe oligoamnios and narrow thorax have been compared with fetuses with bilateral obstructive uropathies without those alterations, concerning the presence or absence of cysts in both kidneys, and the presence or absence of parenchymal hyperechogenicity in both kidneys. Cases of neonatal death were compared with cases of neonatal discharge from the nursery, regarding the same renal echographic aspects mentioned above, the presence of severe oligoamnios and narrow thorax. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of the presence of bilateral renal cysts, bilateral renal hyperechogenicity, severe oligoamnios and narrow fetal thorax for the neonatal death were calculated., Results: severe oligoamnios and narrow thorax were more frequent (p=0.03; p<0.001) in fetuses with bilateral renal cysts, as compared to those with echographically normal renal parenchyma. Neonatal death was more frequent among cases with severe oligoamnios (p<0.001), narrow thorax (p<0.001) and bilateral renal cysts (p<0.002), when respectively compared with cases without those alterations. The best values of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value for the death of neonatal/breastfeeding infants were obtained using the echographic aspect of narrow thorax, and were 81.8, 100, 100 and 79.3%, respectively., Conclusions: in cases of fetuses with bilateral obstructive uropathies followed up in an expectant way, the ultrasonographic signs more associated to bad prognosis are severe oligoamnios, narrow fetal thorax and presence of bilateral renal cysts.