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Julie Bertrand,1 Fabrice Caillol,1 Patrick Borentain,2 Jean-Luc Raoul,1 Laurent Heyries,2 Erwan Bories,1 Christian Pesenti,1 Jean-Philippe Ratone,2 Jean-Paul Bernard,2 René Gerolami,2 Marc Giovannini1 1Endoscopy Unit, Paoli Calmettes Institute, Marseille, France; 2Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Conception Hospital, Marseille, France Abstract: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a curative option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary malignancy of the liver. This bicentric retrospective study includes 46 patients admitted for their first percutaneous RFA for HCC. Sixty-three nodules were treated, with an average size of 32.5 mm. Our study confirms the efficiency of this technique for attaining necrosis of HCC nodules, with few complications. Subgroup studies according to RFA mode (mono- or multipolar), etiology of cirrhosis (alcoholic or viral), and HCC size showed better efficiency for multipolar RFA when applied to small tumors and better survival when the cirrhosis was due to viral infection. However, we noted a high rate of local recurrence in our and other recent works compared to previous studies, probably due to improved imaging techniques. The main problem is still de novo intrahepatic recurrence in diseased livers. Keywords: radiofrequency ablation, cirrhosis, HCC

Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Competing Interests: P. G. has a consultant relationship with Boston Scientific.

Background:  Reducing the reading time of capsule endoscopy films is of high priority for gastroenterologists. We report a prospective multicenter evaluation of an "express view" reading mode (Intromedic capsule system)., Methods:  Eighty-three patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding were prospectively included in 10 centers. All patients underwent small-bowel capsule endoscopy (Intromedic, Seoul, Republic of Korea). Films were read in standard mode, then a second reading was performed in express view mode at a second center. For each lesion, the precise location, nature, and relevance were collected. A consensus reading and review were done by three experts, and considered to be the gold standard., Results:  The mean reading time of capsule films was 39.7 minutes (11 - 180 minutes) and 19.7 minutes (4 - 40 minutes) by standard and express view mode, respectively ( P  < 1 × 10  - 4 ). The consensus review identified a significant lesion in 44/83 patients (53.0 %). Standard reading and express view reading had a 93.3 % and 82.2 % sensitivity, respectively (NS). Consensus review identified 70 significant images from which standard reading and express view reading detected 58 (82.9 %) and 55 (78.6 %), respectively. The informatics algorithm detected 66/70 images (94.3 %) thus missing four small-bowel angiodysplasia., Conclusion:  The express view algorithm allows an important shortening of Intromedic capsule film reading time with a high sensitivity.

Background and study aims: The hemostatic powder TC-325 (Hemospray; Cook Medical, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA) has shown promising results in the treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in expert centers in pilot studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of TC-325 in a large prospective registry of use in routine practice. Patients and methods: The data of all patients treated with TC-325 were prospectively collected through a national registry. Outcomes were the immediate feasibility and efficacy of TC-325 application, as well as the rates of rebleeding at Day 8 and Day 30. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine predictive factors of rebleeding. Results: A total of 202 patients were enrolled and 64 endoscopists participated from 20 centers. TC-325 was used as salvage therapy in 108 patients (53.5 %). The etiology of bleeding was an ulcer in 75 patients (37.1 %), tumor in 61 (30.2 %), postendoscopic therapy in 35 (17.3 %), or other in 31 (15.3 %). Application of the hemostatic powder was found to be very easy or easy in 31.7 % and 55.4 %, respectively. The immediate efficacy rate was 96.5 %. Recurrence of UGIB was noted at Day 8 and Day 30 in 26.7 % and 33.5 %, respectively. Predictive factors of recurrence at Day 8 were melena at initial presentation and use of TC-325 as salvage therapy. Conclusion: These multicenter data confirmed the high rate of immediate hemostasis, excellent feasibility, and good safety profile of TC-325, which could become the treatment of choice in bleeding tumors or postendoscopic bleeding but not in bleeding ulcers where randomized studies are needed., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02595853)., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Background and Objective: Pelvic abscesses are a well-known complication of intestinal diseases or abdominal surgery. We report our case series concerning transrectal drainage by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)., Methods: Between January 2010 and august 2014, seven patients received transrectal drainage by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) were selected and analyzed., Results: Two pigtails was positioned under fluoroscopic and EUS control. The success rate was 100% and complication rate was 0%. The median time of hospitalization was 10 days [range 4-25]., Conclusions: The technique appears to be safe and feasible in all etiologies. In our experience, we can considerate transrectal drainage by EUS like a first-line technique in experienced hands.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a curative option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary malignancy of the liver. This bicentric retrospective study includes 46 patients admitted for their first percutaneous RFA for HCC. Sixty-three nodules were treated, with an average size of 32.5 mm. Our study confirms the efficiency of this technique for attaining necrosis of HCC nodules, with few complications. Subgroup studies according to RFA mode (mono- or multipolar), etiology of cirrhosis (alcoholic or viral), and HCC size showed better efficiency for multipolar RFA when applied to small tumors and better survival when the cirrhosis was due to viral infection. However, we noted a high rate of local recurrence in our and other recent works compared to previous studies, probably due to improved imaging techniques. The main problem is still de novo intrahepatic recurrence in diseased livers.