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Most caregiving literature has focused on women, who have traditionally taken on caregiving roles. However, more research is needed to clarify the mixed evidence regarding the impact of gender on caregiver/patient psychological outcomes, especially in an advanced cancer context. In this paper, we examine gender differences in caregiver stress, burden, anxiety, depression, and coping styles, as well as how caregiver gender impacts patient outcomes in the context of advanced cancer. Eighty-eight patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers completed psychosocial surveys. All couples were heterosexual and most caregivers were women (71.6%). Female caregivers reported significantly higher levels of perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and social strain compared with male caregivers, and female patients of male caregivers were more likely to use social support as a coping style compared with male patients of female caregivers. These findings highlight the potential differences between male and female caregivers' needs and psychological health., Author(s): Dana Ketcher [sup.1] , Ryan Trettevik [sup.2] , Susan T. Vadaparampil [sup.1] , Richard E. Heyman [sup.3] , Lee Ellington [sup.4] , Maija Reblin [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.468198.a, [...]

Introduction Excessive gambling can cause substantial biopsychosocial problems (e.g. difficulties with finances, relationships, mental, and physical health). For military Service Members, it can also result in security clearance denial or revocation, failure to achieve promotions, and premature career termination. Recent congressional mandates have obligated the U.S. Department of Defense to screen for problematic gambling, the predictive values of which are a function of (i) problem prevalence and (ii) tool sensitivity and specificity. This meta-review (i.e. systematic review of systematic reviews) on the screening properties of gambling assessment tools and the effectiveness of treatments for gambling disorder is to inform military services on responding to Service Members' gambling problems. Materials and Methods EBSCO Discovery Service, PubMed, PsycINFO, Ovid Medline, Social Care Online, Epistemonikos, International Health Technology Assessment, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials electronic databases were searched up to December 2022 for systematic reviews and meta-analyses on measurements of adult subclinical or gambling, and interventions targeting individuals with GD. Three and four studies were included in each section of the current meta-review (i.e. assessment tools and treatment). For review 1, the estimated risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews. Results Thirty-one tools were identified through the three systematic reviews. All had modest sensitivities and specificities; combined with low prevalences in the general SM population, positive results would be incorrect 64-99% of the time. However, if screening were conducted with SMs referred for alcohol problems, a positive result on the best screening tools would be correct 76% of the time. Several commonly used treatment approaches had demonstrated efficacy for GD. Conclusions The combination of low prevalence of GD and subclinical gambling problems in the general population, coupled with modest sensitivity and specificity, makes screening unfeasible in the general SM population. However, dual-phase screening in higher-prevalence subpopulations (i.e. SMs already identified with substance-abuse or mental-health problems) would be viable. Regarding treatment, several interventions—already used in military healthcare—with extensive empirical track records have been successfully used to treat adults with GD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite evidence that parents' physical aggression abuse has long-lasting negative consequences, information about the true population prevalence of aggression and physical abuse is limited. We have even less information about how parental aggression and abuse vary by child age, parent gender, and how that aggression and abuse might be clustered within families. To address these gaps, an anonymous, computer-based assessment was administered to nearly 40,000 parents of more than 60,000 children in the United States Air Force, which included a detailed assessment on up to four minor children of aggression and its impact. The survey was the largest of its type ever conducted in the United States, allowing for stable, crossvalidated estimation of rates of both corporal punishment and physical abuse. Approximately 39% of children experienced corporal punishment, peaking at three years of age, and 7% experienced physical abuse, peaking at age six. About 45% of parents reported perpetrating corporal punishment and 8% abuse; these rates were higher in multi-child families and most often involved more than one child. Parent gender was not associated with physical aggression or abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: U.S. and global estimates indicate that over 30% of adults fear receiving dental care, including over 20% who have visited a dentist in the last year, leading to avoidance and degraded oral and systemic health. Although evidence‐based cognitive‐behavioral treatments for dental fear (CBT‐DF) exist, they have little impact on the millions who seek dental care annually because they are not disseminable (6 h of in‐chair time, delivered only in person at a few sites). We developed a disseminable CBT‐DF stepped‐care treatment comprising (Step 1) a mobile‐health application and, for those who remain fearful, (Step 2) a 1‐h, one‐on‐one psychological treatment session that allows practice during exposure to the patient's most‐feared stimuli. We hypothesized that the treatment would (a) be rated highly on usability and credibility and (b) result in clinically consequential (i.e., lowering fear into the 0–3 "no/low fear" zone) and statistically significant changes in global dental fear. Method: Racially/ethnically diverse patients (N = 48) with moderate to severe dental fear were recruited; all completed Step 1, and n = 16 completed Step 2. Results: As hypothesized, users found the stepped‐care treatment highly usable, credible, and helpful. Critically, this stepped‐care approach produced reductions in patients' dental fear that were both clinically consequential (with half no longer fearful) and statistically significant (d = 1.11). Conclusions: This usable, credible, stepped‐care approach to dental fear treatment holds promise for liberating evidence‐based CBT‐DF from specialty clinics, allowing broad dissemination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose/Objectives: A patient‐centered care (PCC) paradigm undergirds modern dental education. PCC is particularly relevant in the management of patient dental fear. The aims of this study were three‐fold: (a) to examine the preliminary psychometric properties of an author‐designed survey administered to explore dental fear knowledge and perceptions, (b) to assess how 4th‐year dental students regard dental fear, (c) and to investigate the relationship between students' knowledge and perceptions of dental fear and their clinical behavior. Methods: In 2022, 4th‐year dental students (N = 453) participated in a cross‐sectional study. Participants completed a 16‐item survey that assessed (a) knowledge and perceptions about dental fear, (b) common biases in patient fear assessment, and (c) patient management behaviors when fear is encountered. Exploratory factor analysis, descriptive statistics, and logistic regressions were run to address the study's aims. Results: Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors, with the two strongest factors pertaining to beliefs about the importance of dental fear (α = 0.87) and self‐efficacy in managing fear (α = 0.74). Participants indicated that it is important to assess for dental fear and rated their self‐efficacy in ability managing it as high. Ratings on both factors slightly increased the odds of engaging in routine patient screening for dental fear. Students also displayed assessment biases commonly seen among practicing dentists. Conclusion(s): Results indicate educational gaps within the current behavioral‐science training for dental students. Changes to improve advanced dental students' appreciation of their patients' dental fear are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]