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This paper presents a new approach to address the problem of allocating federal resources and identifying upgrading projects for improving the safety of at-grade crossings in Canada. The proposed approach is unique in two key aspects. First, a risk-based network screening process is adopted to identify the priority sites for providing a justifiable basis for distributing the total budget at a regional level as well as narrowing the search space in the subject optimization step. Secondly, a mathematical programming approach is applied to formalize the resource allocation process with explicit consideration of the expected benefits-risk reduction and the costs of implementing the projects. This approach is expected to improve the process of identifying the optimal set of upgrading projects within each region, thus maximizing the return on investment. A full-scale case study from the Canadian crossing network is conducted to demonstrate the application of the proposed approach. Key words: grade crossing safety, crash frequency, crash severity, crash cost, resource allocation, resource optimization. Ce document presente une nouvelle approche pour regler le probleme de l'affectation des ressources federales pour les projets d'amelioration de la securite aux passages a niveau au Canada et la determination au prealable de ces projets. L'approche proposee est unique en deux points. Tout d'abord, un processus de filtrage du reseau fonde sur les risques est adopte pour identifier les sites prioritaires afin de fournir une base justifiable pour la distribution du budget total au niveau regional ainsi que pour reduire l'espace de recherche a l'etape d'optimisation des sujets. Deuxiemement, une approche de programmation mathematique est appliquee pour officialiser le processus d'affectation des ressources en tenant compte explicitement des avantages attendus--reduction des risques et des couts de mise en oeuvre des projets. Cette approche devrait ameliorer le processus d'identification de l'ensemble optimal de projets de modernisation dans chaque region, maximisant ainsi le retour sur investissement. Une etude de cas a grande echelle du reseau canadien de passages a niveau est menee pour demontrer l'application de l'approche proposee. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : securite des passages a niveau, frequence des accidents, gravite des accidents, cout des accidents, allocation des ressources, optimisation des ressources., Introduction The Canadian Grade Crossing Improvement Program (GCIP) is a funding program established by Transport Canada about ten years ago to improve safety at high-risk road-railway grade crossings. The GCIP [...]

A number of traffic safety studies have investigated temporal variations in road safety indicators such as crash frequency, confirming that such variations exist. This paper examined whether speeding is more likely on weekend nights relative to all other times of the day by directly comparing speeding during weekends and weekdays. To this end, we analyzed a sample of local streets, in Montreal, for which speed data were collected automatically using traffic analyzer sensors. We found that, interestingly, weekend speeding was less likely to occur during night hours, whereas it was more likely to occur during evening and midday hours. Among other findings, the results indicated that one-way streets and those having a speed limit of 50 km/h were slightly less prevalent in speeding on weekends. Our results can be useful in designing road safety interventions, including publicity campaigns and police enforcement, which aim at reducing speeding behaviours. Key words: speeding behaviour, weekends, weekdays, speed limits, temporal variation. Un certain nombre d'etudes sur la securite routiere ont examine les variations temporelles des indicateurs de securite routiere, comme la frequence des accidents, ce qui confirme l'existence de telles variations. Cet article a examine si les exces de vitesse sont plus probables la nuit de fin de semaine par rapport a toutes les autres heures de la journee en comparant directement les exces de vitesse pendant les fins de semaine et les jours de semaine. A cette fin, nous avons analyse un echantillon de rues locales, a Montreal, pour lesquelles des donnees de vitesse ont ete recueillies automatiquement a l'aide de capteurs pour l'analyse de la circulation. Fait interessant, nous avons constate que les exces de vitesse en fin de semaine etaient moins susceptibles de se produire pendant les heures de nuit, alors qu'ils etaient plus susceptibles de se produire le soir et le midi. Entre autres conclusions, les resultats ont indique que dans les rues a sens unique et celles qui ont une limite de vitesse de 50 km/h les exces de vitesse les fins de semaine etaient un peu moins frequents. Nos resultats peuvent servir a la conception des interventions en matiere de securite routiere, y compris des campagnes de publicite et l'application de la loi, visant a reduire les exces de vitesse. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: exces de vitesse, fins de semaine, jours de semaine, limites de vitesse, variation temporelle., Introduction Active travel modes safety is a major concern in many urban settings. For example, more than 15% of Canadian road fatalities were pedestrians for the period 2013 to 2017, [...]

Background: In solution-focused models (SFMs), patients are mobilized to achieve better outcomes through their initiative and potential. In this study, the effect of solutionfocused therapy on anxiety and postpartum depression (PPD) of nulliparous pregnant women was investigated. Methods: The study was quasi-experimental, with a pre-test, post-test, and control group. The statistical population of this study was all pregnant women who were referred to be under routine care in the Isfahan Vahid Health Center, Isfahan, Iran, from August to November 2022. In this study, 30 eligible pregnant women were selected and invited to participate purposefully. Then the participants were randomly (tossing) divided into two groups, a solution-focused therapy group (15 people) and a control group (15 people). The solution-focused group received eight 1.5-hour counseling sessions, which were held weekly. The control group received no counseling and only routine healthcare services. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and SPSS software. Results: Solution-focused therapy was effective on PPD (F = 19.66, P < 0.001) and anxiety (F = 22.37, P < 0.001) in nulliparous pregnant women. Conclusion: SFM is a useful tool that can help reduce anxiety and PPD in nulliparous pregnant women. This approach can help nulliparous pregnant women learn skills to reduce PPD symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]