Search

Your search keyword '"Heuberger, Benjamin"' showing total 28 results
Start Over Author "Heuberger, Benjamin"
28 results on '"Heuberger, Benjamin"'

2. Ensuring safety in highly automated vehicles : a review of testing and validation methods for robustness and reliability

Author

Frischknecht-Gruber, Carmen, Heuberger, Benjamin, Reif, Monika Ulrike, Weng, Joanna, Senn, Christoph, Frischknecht-Gruber, Carmen, Heuberger, Benjamin, Reif, Monika Ulrike, Weng, Joanna, and Senn, Christoph

Abstract

The future of mobility is set to be reformed as the rapidly increasing use of driver assistance systems and highly automated vehicles (HAVs) show their great potential. The use of deep neural networks in autonomous driving systems has led to significant progress in this area. However, the increase in accidents involving HAVs highlights the need for effective testing and validation methods to increase the overall safety of these vehicles. With many technology companies and manufacturers aiming to put Level 4 and 5 vehicles into operation soon, the safety of HAVs remains a major concern. Rigorous testing and validation against potential failures and misbehaviour are required to ensure the reliability and robustness of these systems. This paper provides an overview of state of the art in testing and evaluation methods for machine learning-based HAVs. A literature review on these topics is provided to give valuable insights to researchers, practitioners and policymakers. As such, the review describes different types of validation, verification and testing methods, including real-world testing, simulation testing, hardware-in-the loop testing, adversarial robustness, and methods used for explainability and interpretability in AI. The advantages and limitations are discussed and current challenges are highlighted. Finally, open research questions and future directions in the field are identified.

Published
2024

3. A Review of Large-Scale Youth Financial Literacy Education Policies and Programs

Author

Brookings Institution, Kasman, Matt, Heuberger, Benjamin, and Hammond, Ross A.

Abstract

The lack of basic financial knowledge and skills among youth today is of national concern. American high school students routinely fail tests that evaluate their financial knowledge and are ill-prepared to face important decisions about borrowing, saving, investing, and planning for their financial futures. The consequences of these low levels of financial literacy can be significant. Low financial literacy is correlated with a host of negative credit behaviors, including higher borrowing rates, mortgage delinquency, and home foreclosure. Financial literacy also influences important decisions about education. Youth with no savings account are less likely to attend college, and for those in college, financial stress and credit card debt have been tied to an increased likelihood of missing class and dropping out. States have a vested interest in the economic health of their citizens, making low financial literacy an important issue for policymakers. Public education before high school graduation can play a role in improving financial literacy and promoting sound financial decision-making. Yet many--if not most--financial education efforts focus on college students and adults. Such efforts are often reactive rather than proactive, and may be too little too late. In contrast, earlier education initiatives during and before high school can target individuals before they have had the opportunity to get into serious financial trouble and become entrenched in negative behaviors. Research suggests that introducing children and adolescents to general concepts, such as responsible spending and good saving habits, may pay dividends later in life by establishing the building blocks for financial well-being in adulthood. This review first presents a holistic framework of financial literacy that reflects the various ways it has been defined by researchers and practitioners. It then examines state efforts to incorporate financial literacy education into their K-12 standards, mandates, and curricula, and review research on the effectiveness of these policies on student outcomes. Finally, the authors highlight a number of financial education organizations, programs and resources--both public and private--that have had positive impact on K-12 students, and describe their design and influence.

Published
2018

5. agent-based model of child sugar-sweetened beverage consumption: implications for policies and practices.

Author

Kasman, Matt, Hammond, Ross A, Purcell, Rob, Heuberger, Benjamin, Moore, Travis R, Grummon, Anna H, Wu, Allison J, Block, Jason P, Hivert, Marie-France, Oken, Emily, and Kleinman, Ken

Subjects
COMPUTER simulation, HOME environment, BEVERAGES, CONFIDENCE intervals, CHILD care, CHILD nutrition, AGE distribution, FAMILY attitudes, COMPARATIVE studies, HEALTH behavior, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, SCHOOLS, NUTRITION policy, HEALTH promotion, CHILDREN
Abstract

Background A strong body of evidence links young children's intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) with myriad negative outcomes. Objectives Our research provides insight into whether and to what extent potential intervention strategies can reduce young children's consumption of SSBs. Methods We built an agent-based model (ABM) of SSB consumption representing participants in the Project Viva longitudinal study between ages 2 and 7 y. In addition to extensive data from Project Viva, our model used nationally representative data as well as recent, high-quality literature. We tested the explanatory power of the model through comparison to consumption patterns observed in the Project Viva cohort. Then, we applied the model to simulate the potential impact of interventions that would reduce SSB availability in 1 or more settings or affect how families receive and respond to pediatrician advice. Results Our model produced age-stratified trends in beverage consumption that closely match those observed in Project Viva cohort data. Among the potential interventions we simulated, reducing availability in the home—where young children spend the greatest amount of time—resulted in the largest consumption decrease. Removing access to all SSBs in the home resulted in them consuming 1.23 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.24) fewer servings of SSBs per week on average between the ages of 2 and 7 y, a reduction of ∼60%. By comparison, removing all SSB availability outside of the home (i.e. in schools and childcare) had a smaller impact (0.77; CI: 0.75, 0.78), a reduction of ∼40%. Conclusions These results suggest that interventions reducing SSB availability in the home would have the strongest effects on SSB consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Modelling the impact of menthol sales restrictions and retailer density reduction policies: insights from tobacco town Minnesota.

Author

Combs, Todd B., McKay, Virginia R., Ornstein, Joseph, Mahoney, Margaret, Cork, Kerry, Brosi, Deena, Kasman, Matt, Heuberger, Benjamin, Hammond, Ross A., and Luke, Douglas

Subjects
SMOKING prevention, BUSINESS & economics, COMMUNITIES, FLAVORING essences, SALES personnel, TOBACCO, GOVERNMENT policy, GOVERNMENT regulation, TOBACCO products, STATISTICAL models
Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. Impacted maxillary canines and root resorptions of neighbouring teeth: a radiographic analysis using cone-beam computed tomography

Author

Lai, Caroline S., Bornstein, Michael M., Mock, Lothar, Heuberger, Benjamin M., Dietrich, Thomas, Katsaros, Christos, Lai, Caroline S., Bornstein, Michael M., Mock, Lothar, Heuberger, Benjamin M., Dietrich, Thomas, and Katsaros, Christos

Abstract

The study analyses the location of impacted maxillary canines and factors influencing root resorptions of adjacent teeth using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). In addition, the interrater reliability between observers of two different dental specialties for radiographic parameters will be evaluated. CBCT images of patients who were referred for radiographic localization of impacted maxillary canines and/or suspicion of root resorptions of adjacent teeth were included. The study analysed the exact three-dimensional location of the impacted canines in the anterior maxilla, frequency and extent of root resorptions, and potential influencing factors. To assess interrater agreement, Cohen's correlation parameters were calculated. This study comprises 113 patients with CBCT scans, and 134 impacted canines were analysed retrospectively. In the patients evaluated, 69 impacted canines were located palatally (51.49 per cent), 41 labially (30.60 per cent), and 24 (17.91 per cent) in the middle of the alveolar process. Root resorptions were found in 34 lateral incisors (25.37 per cent), 7 central incisors (5.22 per cent), 6 first premolars (4.48 per cent), and 1 second premolar (0.75 per cent). There was a significant correlation between root resorptions on adjacent teeth and localization of the impacted canine in relation to the bone, as well as vertical localization of the canine. Interrater agreement showed values of 0.546-0.877. CBCT provides accurate information about location of the impacted canine and prevalence and degree of root resorption of neighbouring teeth with high interrater correlation. This information is of great importance for surgeons and orthodontists for accurate diagnostics and interdisciplinary treatment planning

Published
2017

14. A pre-RNA candidate revisited: both enantiomers of flexible nucleoside triphosphates are DNA polymerase substrates

Author

Heuberger, Benjamin D. and Switzer, Christopher

Subjects
DNA polymerases -- Research, Enantiomers -- Chemical properties, Nucleotides -- Chemical properties, Chemistry
Abstract

The studies have shown that both enantiomers of flexible nucleoside triphosphates (fNTPs) are substrates for polymerases. The results are shown that the absence of enantiomer cross-inhibition seen with flexible nucleic acid (FNA) might have implications for the pre-RNA world and molecular evolution.

Published
2008

24. Nonenzymatic Oligomerization of RNA by TNA Templates

Author

D. Heuberger, Benjamin and Switzer, Christopher

Abstract

Cytosine TNA promotes nonenzymatic, template-directed oligomerization of complementary activated rGMP, leading to selective and efficient formation of RNA products. This process models “genetic takeover” of a pre-RNA by RNA.

Published
2006
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. Impacted maxillary canines and root resorptions of neighbouring teeth: a radiographic analysis using cone-beam computed tomography

Author

Lai, Caroline S., Bornstein, Michael M., Mock, Lothar, Heuberger, Benjamin M., Dietrich, Thomas, Katsaros, Christos, Lai, Caroline S., Bornstein, Michael M., Mock, Lothar, Heuberger, Benjamin M., Dietrich, Thomas, and Katsaros, Christos

Abstract

The study analyses the location of impacted maxillary canines and factors influencing root resorptions of adjacent teeth using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). In addition, the interrater reliability between observers of two different dental specialties for radiographic parameters will be evaluated. CBCT images of patients who were referred for radiographic localization of impacted maxillary canines and/or suspicion of root resorptions of adjacent teeth were included. The study analysed the exact three-dimensional location of the impacted canines in the anterior maxilla, frequency and extent of root resorptions, and potential influencing factors. To assess interrater agreement, Cohen's correlation parameters were calculated. This study comprises 113 patients with CBCT scans, and 134 impacted canines were analysed retrospectively. In the patients evaluated, 69 impacted canines were located palatally (51.49 per cent), 41 labially (30.60 per cent), and 24 (17.91 per cent) in the middle of the alveolar process. Root resorptions were found in 34 lateral incisors (25.37 per cent), 7 central incisors (5.22 per cent), 6 first premolars (4.48 per cent), and 1 second premolar (0.75 per cent). There was a significant correlation between root resorptions on adjacent teeth and localization of the impacted canine in relation to the bone, as well as vertical localization of the canine. Interrater agreement showed values of 0.546-0.877. CBCT provides accurate information about location of the impacted canine and prevalence and degree of root resorption of neighbouring teeth with high interrater correlation. This information is of great importance for surgeons and orthodontists for accurate diagnostics and interdisciplinary treatment planning

26. [Non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the mandible--a case report with differential diagnostic considerations].

Author

Heuberger BM, Weiler D, Bussmann C, and Kuttenberger JJ

Subjects
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived therapeutic use, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use, Cyclophosphamide therapeutic use, Diagnosis, Differential, Doxorubicin therapeutic use, Female, Humans, Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse drug therapy, Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse surgery, Mandibular Neoplasms drug therapy, Mandibular Neoplasms surgery, Middle Aged, Prednisolone therapeutic use, Rituximab, Vincristine therapeutic use, Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse pathology, Mandibular Neoplasms pathology
Abstract

Approximately 5% of all malignant lesions are diagnosed as malignant lymphomas, of which 2-3% are localized in the head and neck region. After the squamous cell carcinoma and neoplasms of the salivary glands, malignant lymphomas represent the third most frequent malignant lesion in that region. Malignant lymphomas can be grouped into Hodgkin- and non- Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) and subdivided into nodal (lymph nodes) and extranodal lymphomas. We present the case of an extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the left mandible of a 47-year-old woman, who was referred to our department with an unclear swelling, which was supposed to be infectious. After clinical and radiological examination, a biopsy was taken and a CD20 and BCL-6 protein positive non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the large B-cell type (DLBCL) was diagnosed. The patient was treated primarily with immunochemotherapy (R-CHOP protocol) and refused to undergo a subsequent radiotherapy. The 18 months follow-up showed a complete remission of the lymphoma. In this paper, the NHL in the oral and maxillofacial region is presented as a cause of unclear swelling. Important differential diagnostic conditions are discussed.

Published
2011

27. [Periapical osseous dysplasia of the anterior maxilla--a case presentation].

Author

Heuberger BM, Bornstein MM, Reichart PA, Hürlimann S, and Kuttenberger JJ

Subjects
Adult, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone pathology, Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone surgery, Humans, Maxillary Diseases surgery, Odontogenic Tumors diagnosis, Osteomyelitis pathology, Osteomyelitis surgery, Periapical Diseases surgery, Maxillary Diseases pathology, Periapical Diseases pathology
Abstract

Osseous dysplasias (formerly cemento-osseous dysplasias/ CODs) represent a specific clinico-pathologic spectrum of related, non-neoplastic benign fibro-osseous lesions. The most recent WHO classification (2005) defines them as bone-related lesions (9262/0). The controversial presence of cementum was solved by complete removal of the term "cemento" in the revised classification of tumors. Normal bone architecture is replaced by fibroblasts and collagen fibers containing variable amounts of mineralized material. Osseous dysplasias are often identified as an incidental finding on standard dental radiographs of adults. They usually cause no specific symptoms or obvious clinical findings. Four different types of ODs can be distinguished: the periapical osseous dysplasia (POD), the focal osseous dysplasia (FocOD), the florid osseous dysplasia (FOD) and the familial gigantiform cementoma. This case report presents an unusual localization of a periapical osseous dysplasia (POD) in the anterior maxillary bone in a 33-year old female patient of Caucasian origin. Radiological, clinical and histopathological characteristics of the POD and similar benign lesions are defined and discussed.

Published
2010

28. Two Watson-Crick-like metallo base-pairs.

Author

Heuberger BD, Shin D, and Switzer C

Subjects
Nucleic Acid Denaturation, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, Base Pairing, DNA chemistry, Metals chemistry
Abstract

Two Watson-Crick-like metallo base-pairs are described with mutually independent geometries that have similar dimensions and stabilities to their natural, hydrogen-bonded counterparts.

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results