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This study aimed to determine the learning motivation of students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Indonesian language learning for elementary schools. This research is descriptive qualitative using a purposive sampling technique with the subjects of students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), class teachers, and parents. Data collection was performed through interviews and documentation to identify the learning motivation of students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The data were analyzed by data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. In testing the validity of the data, source triangulation was used. The results showed that students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) had inattention, hyperactivity, and a combination-types accompanied by various symptoms showing the inability to focus attention. They looked different compared to other students of the same age. Those problems negatively influenced their cognitive, social, communication, and behavior development as well. In other words, the learning motivation of students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Indonesian language learning was still relatively low. Parents and teachers should treat ADHD students with full affection and patience. Working together in educating and instilling good things is very significant to build motivation in learning the Indonesian language for elementary schools.

The focus of the problem in this study is motivated by the phenomenon of the development of the times and the rapid flow of globalization making the Dayak ethnic in Samarinda City specifically, becoming an ethnic minority so language retention needs to be made in multilingual minority language communities. The language that is the focus of research is Dayak Kenyah Language. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors of preservation of Dayak Kenyah Language in Samarinda City. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with a sociolinguistic approach. The research data were written text (conversational transcripts) from the data source of the Dayak Kenyah ethnic community in Samarinda City. Data collection techniques using the stages of observation, Simak Free Engage Involved (SBLC) techniques, and interviews. Research instruments in the form of devices, stationery, notebooks, and indicators of language maintenance. The results of the study found that there were efforts made by the Dayak Kenyah community in Samarinda City as a manifestation of the language of the Dayak Kenyah region. The research findings are: (1) family factors, (2) social factors, (3) communication intensity factors, (4) activity factors, and (5) desire factors in language retention. The conclusion in this study focuses more on the care and contribution of various layers of ethnic Dayak Kenyah communities, especially in Samarinda, towards the regional languages ​​they have.

Community literacy in the 21st century is a marker for the occurrence of changes in human resources. Seen from the community behavior change that leads to a crisis of morals and the morals of a man. The necessity of introduction of luhurdan wisdom values can be adopted from the penenalan the various literary works. Later literary works can be used as learning materials in elementary school. One folk story as cultural products at once literary texts can be used as a medium to reflect the culture of the people. Through the charge contained in the literary text is expected to be the start of a revival for fixing the crisis of morality and ethics. As well as embody the formation of mental and intellectual activities read, write melaluia feathered Bob, an increased sense of humanity and social care, the growth of cultural appreciation, channelling ideas, growth of imagination, as well as an increase in creative and constructive expression.

This study aims to describe the use of the Kutai Tenggarong language in elementary schools in Kutai Lama Village, Anggana District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan. This scientific study using descriptive qualitative research. Data collected from three sources: field information, learning activities in elementary schools, and supporting documents. The results of field research indicate that the Kutai Tenggarong language is still dominant in the learning process in elementary schools in Kutai Lama Village, Anggana District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. The factors that influence include (1) there is no balance of formal language in the learning process in the classroom, (2) the habits of class teachers who often speak Kutai Tenggarong, and (3) the Kutai Tenggarong language, which attracts students' attention. The use of their mother tongue has an impact on their understanding of the formal language or Indonesian, which they should have known since elementary school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]