114 results on '"Heterozis"'
Search Results
2. A comparison between Polish Holstein-Friesian and F1 hybrid Polish Holstein Friesian × Swedish Red cows in terms of milk yield traits .
- Author
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Solarczyk, Paweł, Slósarz, Jan, Gołębiewski, Marcin, and Puppel, Kamila
- Subjects
- *
MILK yield , *HETEROSIS , *CATTLE crossbreeding , *HOLSTEIN-Friesian cattle , *DAIRY farms , *MILK quality , *NATURAL immunity - Abstract
The intensive breeding work of Holstein-Friesian cattle has led to the decrease in the diversity within the population and to inbreeding depression, which may impair its functional traits. In addition, as shown by the research, production traits are negatively correlated with functional traits such as reproduction, health, and longevity, which have a very strong impact on the profit of dairy farms. The aim of this study was to compare milk yield traits of hybrids obtained by crossbreeding of Polish Holstein Friesian (PHF) cows and Swedish Red (SRB) bulls with values obtained for pure PHF cows. For the study, 100 primiparous cows were selected and divided into two groups. The experimental group consisted of 50 crossbreds (PHF×SRB), while the control group consisted of 50 purebred PHF cows. The study showed a higher content of milk components (fat by 11.78 %, protein by 9.06 %, dry matter by 5.75 %) in PHF×SRB, as compared to PHF. A lower level of SCC (by 38.94 %) has also been shown in hybrids, which indicates their higher resistance to udder diseases. The experiment demonstrated a highly significant impact of heterosis on performance parameters and technological quality of milk in F1 generation obtained as a result of crossbreeding between PHF cows and SRB bulls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Inheritance of the birth weights in crosses between Istrian, Awassi, EastFriesian and Travnik Pramenka sheep in Croatia: a case study.
- Author
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POCRNIC, Ivan and DZIDIC, Alen
- Subjects
BIRTH weight ,HETEROSIS ,SHEEP breeds ,SHEEP ,SHEEP breeding ,WEIGHT in infancy ,CROSSBREEDING - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Central European Agriculture is the property of Journal of Central European Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. GENETIC STUDIES OF FIBRE YIELD-RELATED TRAITS AND DAYS TO ANTHESIS IN SOME KENAF (HIBISCUS CANNABINUS L.) ACCESSIONS.
- Author
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Olawale, Adeyinka S. and Oluwatoyin, Balogun M.
- Subjects
KENAF ,FIBERS ,NATURAL fibers ,CROPS ,BLOCK designs ,HETEROSIS - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Combining ability and heterosis for some canola characteristics sown on recommended and late planting dates using biplot.
- Author
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AMIRI OGHAN, Hassan, SHARIATI, Farnaz, SABAGHNIA, Naser, ALIZADEH, Bahram, MILLNER, James, SHIRANI RAD, Amir Hossein, and GHOLAMHOSEINI, Majid
- Subjects
HETEROSIS ,PLANTING - Abstract
Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Slovenica is the property of Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Estimation of nonadditive genetic influences on standard lactation production (305 days) in upgrading of Serbian-Fleckvieh to Holstein-Friesian cattle breed.
- Author
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Nemes, Zolt, Lukač, Dragomir, Petrović, M. Milan, Komlósi, István, and Gáspárdy, András
- Subjects
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LACTATION in cattle , *CATTLE crossbreeding , *HOLSTEIN-Friesian cattle , *CATTLE breeds , *MILK yield , *LINEAR statistical models - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to estimate the effects of systematic factors, primarily the degree of crossing, on the standard lactation lengths of 305 days in 6 different genotypes of cows (F1, R1, R2, R3, R4 i R5) obtained by the upgrading of the Serbian Fleckvieh (SF) to the Holstein-Friesian (HF) breed of cattle. The systematic effects included in the general linear model (GLM) exerted a significant (P<0.05) influence on the milk yield, as well as the fat yield and content. During the upgrading process, statistically significant (P<0.05) differences were recorded between the traits of the genotypes examined. With an increase in the share of HF genes, the milk yield increased from 5020 kg (F1) to 5801 kg (R5) and the fat yield from 176.2 kg to 201.6 kg, whereas the fat content simultaneously decreased from 3.55 % (F1) to 3.49 % (R5). The F1 cows had the highest heterosis realized [hRj regarding the milk yield (185.8 kg), while the R1 and R2 cows displayed negative heterosis effects (-21.0 and -205.7 kg) and negative recombination effects (P). The highest value of hR (regarding the milk fat yield) was recorded in the F1 cows (6.07 kg) in comparison with the R5 cows, which had the negative hR (-3.79 kg), whereas the negative r1 was recorded in the R1 i R2, genotypes. The positive r' (regarding the milk fat content) was recorded in the R1 i R2, and R3 genotypes accompanied by the positive hR [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Siyah Alaca ile Bazı Süt Sığır Irkları Arasında Yapılan Melezlemeler ve Melez İneklerin Performansları.
- Author
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YAYLAK, Erdal, AKBAŞ, Yavuz, and ÖZSOY, Abdullah Nuri
- Abstract
Holstein is the most widely used dairy cattle breed in the world. Milk yield was significantly increased with genetic selection programs in Holstein dairy cattle. As a result of the selection program applied, inbreeding, calving difficulty and health problems were increased while fertility and livability were decreased. Holstein dairy cattle breeders began to search for alternatives to overcome these problems. Crossbreeding between dairy cattle breeds might have some contribution for the solution of the problems. To take advantage of heterosis often two-way or three-way rotational crosses were used. Although milk yields were lower in crossbreed, they have some advantages compared to pure Holstein cows as higher milk fat and protein ratios, lower live weight, longer herd life, lower rate of stillbirth, less disease and lower health expenses. In our country, the cattle breeders have started a crossbreeding program between Holstein and other dairy cattle breeds as crossbreeding in other countries. In this review, crossbreeding studies in dairy cattle was focused in terms of reasons and results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
8. A comparison between Polish Holstein-Friesian and F1 hybrid Polish Holstein Friesian × Swedish Red cows in terms of milk yield traits
- Author
-
Solarczyk, Paweł, Slósarz, Jan, Gołębiewski, Marcin, and Puppel, Kamila
- Subjects
fluids and secretions ,holstein-friesian ,heterozis ,proizvodnja mlijeka, broj somatskih stanica ,animal diseases ,mental disorders ,inbreeding ,inbreeding depression ,crossbreeding ,heterosis ,milk ,food and beverages - Abstract
The intensive breeding work of Holstein-Friesian cattle has led to the decrease in the diversity within the population and to inbreeding depression, which may impair its functional traits. In addition, as shown by the research, production traits are negatively correlated with functional traits such as reproduction, health, and longevity, which have a very strong impact on the profit of dairy farms. The aim of this study was to compare milk yield traits of hybrids obtained by crossbreeding of Polish Holstein Friesian (PHF) cows and Swedish Red (SRB) bulls with values obtained for pure PHF cows. For the study, 100 primiparous cows were selected and divided into two groups. The experimental group consisted of 50 crossbreds (PHF×SRB), while the control group consisted of 50 purebred PHF cows. The study showed a higher content of milk components (fat by 11.78%, protein by 9.06%, dry matter by 5.75%) in PHF×SRB, as compared to PHF. A lower level of SCC (by 38.94%) has also been shown in hybrids, which indicates their higher resistance to udder diseases. The experiment demonstrated a highly significant impact of heterosis on performance parameters and technological quality of milk in F1 generation obtained as a result of crossbreeding between PHF cows and SRB bulls., Intenzivan uzgojno-selekcijski rad u holstein-friesian populaciji doveo je do smanjenja genetske raznolikosti unutar populacije i povećanja razine uzgoja u srodstvu, što može oslabiti proizvodne karakteristike. Uz to, dosadašnja istraži¬vanja upućuju na to da su proizvodne karakteristike u negativnoj korelaciji s funkcionalnim karakteristikama, kao što su reprodukcija, zdravlje i duljina života, što ima vrlo visok utjecaj na profit mliječnih farmi. Cilj ovog istraživanja je usporediti proizvodne osobine križanki poljskog holstein-friesian (PHF) × švedskog crvenog goveda (SRB), s proizvodnim osobinama jedinki čistokrvnog poljskog holstein-friesian goveda. Istraživanje je provedeno na 100 prvotelki podijeljenih u dvije sku¬pine, 50 križanki (PHF × SRB) i 50 čistokrvnih PHF prvotelki. Utvrđen je veći sadržaj komponenti mlijeka (mliječne masti za 11,78 %, mliječnih proteina za 9,06 %, suhe tvari za 5,75 %) kod križanki (PHF × SRB) u odnosu na čistokrvne PHF prvotelke. Niža razina SCC-a (za 38,94 %) utvrđena je kod križanki, što ukazuje na njihovu veću otpornost na oboljenja vimena. Istraživanje je ukazalo na značajan učinak heterozisa na sadržaj mliječne masti, mliječnog proteina i broja so¬matskih stanica u mlijeku.
- Published
- 2021
9. Estimation of nonadditive genetic impacts on lifetime performance through a grading-up breeding program with Holstein-Friesian.
- Author
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Nemes, Zsolt, Vidović, Vitomir, Lukač, Dragomir, Ivanković, Ante, Grubić, Goran, Komlósi, István, and Gáspárdy, András
- Subjects
- *
HOLSTEIN-Friesian cattle , *CATTLE breeding , *FUZZY measure theory , *MILK yield , *MILKFAT , *HETEROSIS - Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the total lifetime milk production and non additive genetic effects (recombination and heterosis) of cows with different proportions of Holstein-Friesian genes, obtained from the Serbian Fleckvieh (SF) and the Holstein-Friesian (HF) crossbreeding program in Vojvodina. Upgrading of local breeds with the Holstein-Friesian breed in Vojvodina started in 1971 and continued 2008. Six genotypes of cows (R1, R1, R2 R3, R4, R5) were obtained with increasing per-centage of Holstein genes, in order to attain purebred Holstein cows. Of all obtained genotypes, cows of genotype R4 with a proportion of Holstein genes from 96.87% had the highest lifetime milk pro-duction (20000 kg), followed by cows R3 with 19950 kg (93.75% HF genes) and cows R with 19850 kg (98.44% HF genes). Finally the process of upgrading resulted in pure Holsteins with 19780 kg of milk. The total lifetime production of milk fat did not show statistically significant difference (P>0.05) among the genotypes R1 - R5 which ranged from 675 to 690 kg. The pure Holstein obtained after sixth intermediate generations had the average lifetime milk fat production of 690 kg. With the increase in the proportion of Holstein-Friesian genes percentage of milk fat was decreased, so that the cows of genotypes R3, R4, R5 and pure Holsteins, had less than 3.5% milk fat. In relation to the total milk yield, the highest realized heterosis effect was observed in the cows of F1 generation (hF1R = 594 kg), while the lowest was observed in generation (hR2R =72 kg), where negative effect of recombination was also found (rR2¹ =-77 kg). Positive values of the actual and relative of heterosis effect of the milk fat yield was observed in all genotypes, whereas the negative heterosis effect of the milk fat percentage was observed also in all genotypes, with the exception of R1 and R2 cows, in which the typical consequence of the positive recombination in the early crossed Holstein-generations was manifested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY AND INTER AND INTRA SUBGENOMIC HETEROSIS STUDIES IN BRASSICA SPECIES: A REVIEW.
- Author
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Rameeh, Valiollah
- Subjects
CYTOPLASMIC male sterility ,BRASSICA juncea ,HETEROSIS in plants ,PLANT species ,OILSEEDS ,PLANT evolution - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Iskorišćavanje hibridizacije (F1) u oplemenjivanju krmnog sirka (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench).
- Author
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Pataki, Imre, Katić, Slobodan, Mihailović, Vojislav, Milić, Dragan, Vasiljević, Sanja, and Mikić, Aleksandar
- Subjects
- *
SORGHUM , *FORAGE plants , *PLANT hybridization , *HETEROSIS , *SEEDS - Abstract
In plants with bisexual flowers, the development of hybrids and F1 seed production is only possible by using cytoplasmatic male sterility. The discovery of such sterility and the maintainers has made it possible to utilize the phenomenon of heterosis to improve yields and yield components in forage sorghum. It has been shown that the best way to develop forage sorghum hybrids is to cross grain sorghum as the female parent and Sudan grass as the male. The objective of this study was to develop a forage sorghum hybrid for the production of green matter to be used either fresh or for silage. The sorghum hybrid developed in these efforts (Siloking) is intended for multiple cutting, as the basal nodes produce buds and regrowth takes place. The performance of the new hybrid with respect to yield and quality was compared to that of the forage sorghum cultivar NS Džin. In a two-year study conducted under different growing conditions in four locations, Siloking produced an average green matter yield of 86.29 t ha-1 (two cuts), a dry matter yield of 25.34 t ha-1, and a crude protein content of 11.85 %. Siloking outperformed NS Džin in terms of yield and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
12. Efekti heterozisa za prinos i komponente prinosa dobijen ukrštanjem divergentnih populacija lucerke.
- Author
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Katić, Slobodan, Milić, Dragan, Mihailović, Vojislav, Vasiljević, Sanja, and Karagić, Đura
- Subjects
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HETEROSIS , *ALFALFA , *PLANT hybridization , *CULTIVARS , *FORAGE plants , *FIELD research - Abstract
When breeding alfalfa for yield performance, it is necessary to use high-yielding parents obtained by different breeding methods. The assumption at the onset of this research was that crossing highest-yielding domestic cultivars with divergent populations from geographically distant breeding centers could result in the expression of heterotic effects in their hybrids contributing to increased alfalfa yield. The objective of this study was to determine yield and yield components and heterotic effects in hybrid progenies obtained by crossing the domestic cultivars NS Banat ZMS II and NS Mediana ZMS V with the cultivars Pella, Dolichi and Hyliki from Greece, UMSS 2001 from Bolivia and Jogeva 118 from Estonia in two series. The field trial planted in 2006, included 13 F1 hybrids and 6 of 7 initial parents in both series. Heterotic effects for yields of forage and hay were observed in 4 combinations (♀ NS Banat ZMS IIx ♂ Hyliki; ♀ NS Banat ZMS IIx ♂ UMSS 2001; ♀ NS Mediana ZMS Vx ♂ Hyliki; ♀ NS Mediana ZMS V x ♂ Dolichi). The populations that exhibited heterosis in a set of crossings are recommended for use as parent components for development of high-yielding synthetic alfalfa cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
13. NASLEĐIVANJE OSOBINA HIBRIDA SILAŽNOG KUKURUZA.
- Author
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Sećanski, Mile, Zivanović, Tomislav, and Vasiljević, Sanja
- Subjects
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CORN , *PLANT breeding , *PLANT hybridization , *GRAIN , *PLANT genetics , *HETEROSIS - Abstract
A set of six maize inbred lines and their diallel hybrids of F1 generation for grain yield, yield components, morphological traits and dry matter yield of both whole plant and ear were investigated in this study. A comparative trial with inbreds and hybrids was set at Zemun Polje in 2000 and 2001. The analysis of genetic variance components and regression analysis were done after Jinks, 1954, Hayman, 1954, Mather and Jinks, 1971. Dominant components (H1 and H2) of genetic variance were greater than additive ones (D) for all studied traits except kernel row number. Results on the Vr/Wr regression analysis point out to super-dominance in inheritance of all traits, but kernel row number, for which partial dominance was estimated. The high broad sense heratibility was registered for all traits, indicating a great significance of dominant genes for their expression. As expected, the highest narrow sense heratibility was detected for kernel row number, due to higher frequency of additive genes. The greatest estimate of heterosis was determined for grain yield (155,551%) and ear dry matter yield (157,80%) in the hybrid ZPLB 405 x ZPLB 406. Negative estimates of heterosis were determined in the hybrid ZPLB 402 x ZPLB 403 for all traits, except kernel row number, ear and plant height. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
14. Nemli Tropikallerde Yerli Melez Irk (Çıplak Boyun x Kıvrık Tüylü) Piliçlerde Performans ve Hetorozis Özellikleri
- Author
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Jeremiah Monday Nwenya, Emeka P. Nwakpu, Roseline N. Nwose, and Kanayo P. Ogbuagu
- Subjects
growth performance ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,kıvrık tüy ,çıplak boyun ,heterozis ,frizzle feather ,heterosis ,naked neck ,reciprocal cross ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,büyüme performansı ,lcsh:Animal culture ,karşılıklı çaprazlama ,lcsh:SF1-1100 - Abstract
Yaklaşık 50 haftalık yaşta, 44 adet erkek ve dişi kan yakınlığı olan çıplak boyun ve kıvrık tüylü (frezzled feathered) tavukların F1 melezlemesi yapılarak performans ve heterozis etkileri incelenmiştir. F1 döllerinin performans ve heterozis özelliklerini saptamak için 1 günlük yaştaki 180 adet (97 çıplak boyun ve 83 kıvrık tüylü) civcive ait başlangıç canlı ağırlığı (BW0), canlı ağırlık (BW) ortalama günlük yem tüketimi (AFI), yem dönüşüm oranı (FCR), kuluçka ve yetiştirme döneminde ölüm oranları, linear vücut ölçüleri (LBM): vücut uzunluğu, kanat uzunluğu, göğüs kemiği uzunluğu, bacak uzunluğu ve göğüs genişliği ölçümleri değerlendirildi. Deneme sonuçları F1 melezleri arasında vücut ağırlığı, ortalama yem tüketimi ve yem dönüşüm oranı bakımından önemli derecede pozitif heterozis olduğunu göstermiştir. Karşılıklı çaprazlama (kıvrık tüylü horoz x çıplak boyun tavuk) ile genetik performansta önemli iyileşmenin görülmesi, bu yerli ırkların melezlemesiyle daha iyi sonuçların elde edileceğini açıklamaktadır. Vücut linear parametreleri referans alınarak çıplak boyun ve kıvrık tüylü tavukların karşılıklı çaprazlamaları ile, daha önceki haftalardaki performans anasal etkilere atfedilerek, özellikle 8 haftadan sonra daha yüksek vücut uzunluğu, bacak uzunluğu ve vücut genişliğine sahip piliçler geliştirildi
- Published
- 2017
15. Hibrit ökaliptus bitkisinde heterozis aday genlerinin belirlenmesi
- Author
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Nguyen, Lam Minh, Ingvarsson, PäR, Koban Baştanlar, Evren, and Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Subjects
Heterozis ,Eucalyptus ,Growth And Wood Traits ,GWAS ,Büyüme Ve Odun Özellikleri ,SNP ,Heterosis ,SNPs - Abstract
Hybrid breeding plays an essential role in Eucalyptus breeding program in order to increase productivity through growth and wood trait improvements. Therefore, understanding the genetic basis of heterosis is critical in order to facilitate tree breeding programs. Despite the importance of non-additive effects, the additive genetic effect is still the focus of interest in most forest tree breeding programs. Through recent approachesusing high-throughput genotyping techniques, Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has become a powerful and widely used technique to assess the additive as well as non-additive genetic control of complex traits. In this study, a hybrid population of 850 samples has been measured for mid parent (MP) and best parent (BP and BP1) heterosis for growth and wood traits. These samples have also been genotyped using the EuChip60K chip yielding 37,832 informative SNPs used for the GWAS approach. We applied a multi-locus GWAS approach using both additive and dominance genetic models to identify significant markers associated with the mid parent and best parent heterosis of growth and wood traits in the Eucalyptus hybrids. The percentages of positive heterosis were moderately high, ranging from 26% to 53%. For all three heterosismeasures,growth traits exhibited more considerable variations than wood traits. After testing at different p-value threshold, a less stringent significant threshold (p-value = 1e-04) was used in this study. We identified 361 and 385 significant SNPs across heterosis of all traits under additive and dominance model, respectively with 28 overlapping markers between two models. Within a region 5kb upstream and downstream of significantly associated SNPs, we discovered 222 and 229 candidate genes for additive and dominance effects, respectively.Among all candidate genes, many of them are related to morphological formation, including cell wall biosynthesis and photosynthesis regulation. Other genes contributed to abiotic and biotic stress response were also found to be associated with the heterosis of plant growth and wood traits.All in all, the GWAS approach using additive and dominance model has proven to be a powerful method for understanding the genetic basis of heterosis related to growth and wood traits in Eucalyptus hybrid populations. Several candidate genes have been identifiedin this study which can contribute to the development of forest tree breeding program to improve productivity., Hibrit yetiştirme, büyüme ve odun özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesi yoluyla üretkenliği artırmak için Okaliptüs yetiştirme programında önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu nedenle, ağaç yetiştirme programlarını kolaylaştırmak için heterozisin genetik temelini anlamak çok önemlidir. Eklemeli olmayan (non-additive) genetik etkilerin önemine rağmen, eklemeli (additive) genetik etki çoğu orman ağacı yetiştirme programında hala ilgi odağıdır. Yüksek verimli genotipleme teknikleri kullanan yeni yaklaşımlar sayesinde gerçekleştirilen genom çapında ilişkilendirme çalışmaları (GWAS); karmaşık özelliklerin etkisinin yanı sıra, eklemeli olmayan genetik etkinin belirlenmesi için de güçlü ve yaygın olarak kullanılan bir teknik haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada; büyüme ve odun özellikleri için orta ebeveyn (MP) ve en iyi ebeveyn (BP ve BP1) heterozisi için 850 örneklik bir hibrit popülasyondan veri alınmıştır. Bu örnekler ayrıca GWAS yaklaşımı için kullanılan 37.832 bilgilendirici SNP içeren EuChip60K yongası kullanılarak genotiplendirilmiştir. Okaliptüs melezlerinde; büyüme ve odun özelliklerinin orta ebeveyn ve en iyi ebeveyn heterozisi ile ilişkili önemli belirteçlerini belirlemek için çalışmamızda, hem toplamsal hem de baskın genetik modeller kullanılarak çok lokuslu bir GWAS yaklaşımı uygulanmıştır. Pozitif heterozis yüzdeleri orta derecede yüksek ve %26 ile %53 arasında değişen bir değer olarak hesaplanmıştır. Üç heterozis ölçütünün tümü için, büyüme özellikleri ahşap özelliklerinden daha önemli varyasyonlar sergilemiştir. Farklı p-değeri eşiklerinde test edildikten sonra, bu çalışmada daha az katı anlamlı bir p-eşik değeri (p = 1e-04) kullanılmıştır. Toplam ve baskınlık modeli altında tüm özelliklerin heterozisinde sırasıyla 361 ve 385 önemli SNP belirlenmiş ve iki model arasında 28 örtüşen işaret tespit edilmiştir. Daha sonra, önemli ölçüde ilişkili SNP'lerin yukarı ve aşağı yönde 5kb'lik bir bölgesinde, sırasıyla toplamsal ve baskınlık etkileri için 222 ve 229 aday gen belirlenmiştir. Tüm aday genler arasında yapılan değerlendirmede çoğunun hücre duvarı biyosentezi ve fotosentez regülasyonu dahil olmak üzere morfolojik oluşumla ilgili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Abiyotik ve biyotik stres tepkisine katkıda bulunan diğer genlerin de bitki büyümesi ve odun özelliklerinin heterozisi ile ilişkili olduğu gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, katkı ve baskınlık modelini kullanan GWAS yaklaşımının, Okaliptüs melez popülasyonlarındaki büyüme ve odun özellikleri ile ilgili heterozisin genetik temelini anlamak için güçlü bir yöntem olduğu kanıtlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, verimliliği artırmak için orman ağacı yetiştirme programının geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunabilecek birkaç aday gen tanımlanmıştır.
- Published
- 2020
16. Diallel analysis of Fusarium head blight resistance in winter wheat
- Author
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Maričević, Marko and Šarčević, Hrvoje
- Subjects
opće kombinacijske sposobnosti ,general combining ability ,udc:631/632(043.3) ,BIOTEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Poljoprivreda (agronomija) ,pšenica ,heterozis ,specific combining ability ,korelacije ,Agriculture. Plant diseases. Plant protection ,mikotoksini ,correlations ,Poljoprivreda. Biljne bolesti. Zaštita biljaka ,fuzarijski palež klasa ,wheat ,mycotoxins ,specifične kombinacijske sposobnosti ,heterosis ,BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES. Agronomy ,fusarium head blight - Abstract
Fuzarijski palež klasa (FHB) je jedna od najdestruktivnijih gljivičnih bolesti pšenice diljem svijeta. Bolest uzrokuje smanjenje uroda zrna te negativno utječe na svojstva kvalitete. Fusarium vrste proizvode i mikotoksine koji su štetni za zdravlje ljudi i životinja, a najzastupljeniji su deoksinivalenol (DON) i zearalenon (ZEN). Najučinkovitija metoda u borbi protiv FHB je stvaranje otpornih genotipova. Dialelnom analizom dobivamo informacije o općim i specifičnim kombinacijskim sposobnostima pojedinih roditelja kao i informaciju o prirodi djelovanja gena na testirano svojstvo. Cilj ovoga istraživanja je bio kroz dialelno križanje procijeniti heritabilnost te opće (GCA) i specifične (SCA) kombinacijske sposobnosti odabranih roditelja na FHB, a kod F1 križanaca utvrditi heterozis u odnosu na prosjek roditelja (MPH) te u odnosu na boljeg roditelja (BPH). Između testiranih svojstava cilj je bio odrediti korelacije, dok se sjetvom kontrolnog pokusa bez umjetne inokulacije željelo utvrditi smanjenje vrijednosti agronomskih svojstva nastalih uslijed umjetne inokulacije. U istraživanje je bilo uključeno osam homozigotnih roditelja koji se razlikuju u otpornosti na FHB i njihovih 28 F1 potomstava proizvedenih prema shemi dialelnog križanja bez reciproka. Istraživanje se provodilo na lokaciji Botinec tijekom tri uzastopne godine u dva odvojena pokusa od kojih je jedan bio u uvjetima umjetne inokulacije gljivom vrste F. graminearum, a drugi u uvjetima prirodne infekcije gljivama iz roda Fusarium (kontrola). Za procjenu otpornosti genotipova na FHB koristili smo ocjenu intenziteta zaraze klasa (VRI) i intenziteta zaraze zrna (FDK). Također, praćena su agronomska svojstva u oba pokusa, a na uzorcima iz umjetne inokulacije određen je sadržaj mikotoksina, DON-a i ZEN-a. Analizom varijance za umjetnu inokulaciju utvrđen je signifikantan učinak genotipa za svojstva vezana za otpornost na FHB kao što su VRI, FDK, sadržaj DON-a i sadržaj ZEN-a, što upućuje na veliku genetsku varijabilnost testiranih genotipova za navedena svojstva. Utvrđeni su signifikantni GCA i SCA učinci za sva svojstva povezana s otpornosti genotipova. Signifikantan GCA ukazuje na važnost aditivnog učinka gena u kontroli otpornosti na FHB, dok signifikantan SCA ukazuje na postojanje dominacijskog ili epistatičnog učinka gena kod pojedinih kombinacija križanja. Visoke negativne vrijednosti za GCA za svojstva povezana s otpornosti na FHB kod pojedinih roditelja ih čine perspektivnim za kombinacijska križanja provedena s ciljem poboljšanja otpornosti na FHB. Aditivna komponenta varijance je u oba tipa infekcije za sva svojstva bila znatno viša u odnosu na dominacijsku varijancu pa se može očekivati da se izborom otpornih roditelja može osigurati dobra otpornost na FHB. Negativni MPH za VRI u umjetnoj inokulaciji utvrđen je kod 22 od 28 križanaca, a negativni BPH kod 6 križanaca. Za FDK negativni MPH zabilježen je kod svih 28 križanaca, a negativni BPH kod 15 križanaca. Negativni MPH za sadržaj DON-a je utvrđen kod 26 od 28 križanaca, a negativni BPH kod 6 križanaca, dok je negativni MPH za sadržaj ZEN-a utvrđen kod 26 od 28 križanaca, a negativni BPH kod 10 križanaca. Utvrđeni negativni heterotični učinci daju perspektivu za povećanje otpornosti na FHB putem klasičnog oplemenjivanja pšenice stvaranjem novih sorata, a svakako u oplemenjivanju hibridne pšenice. Visoke pozitivne korelacije u uvjetima umjetne inokulacije u provedenom istraživanju utvrđene su između svih svojstava povezanih s otpornosti na FHB. Visoke negativne korelacije u uvjetima umjetne inokulacije utvrđene su između svojstava vezanih za otpornost na FHB i uroda zrna te komponenti uroda zrna kao što su masa 1000 zrna, hektolitarska masa i masa zrna po klasu. Također, u provedenom istraživanju utvrđene su vrlo visoke negativne korelacije između visine genotipova i svojstava povezanih s otpornosti FHB, što upućuje na veću otpornost viših genotipova. Utvrđeno je prosječno smanjenje uroda od 27,2% u uvjetima umjetne inokulacije u odnosu na prirodne uvjete, dok je smanjenje mase 1000 zrna iznosilo 10,9%, mase zrna po klasu 22,4%, hektolitarske mase 10,5%, te broja zrna po klasu 13,5%. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important crops in the world. Wheat diseases are a major problem in the production of this cereal, among which fungal diseases cause the greatest damage. Fungi of the genus Fusarium are one of the most common wheat pathogens, which can infect various plant organs, but most commonly they infect the spike. The Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of wheat all over the world, which reduces grain yield through increased flower sterility and poor grain filling and negatively affects the quality properties. In addition, Fusarium species produce mycotoxins which can be harmful for human and animal health, of which the most widespread are deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN). Agricultural management practices such as crop rotation, soil tillage and fungicide application are only partially effective in preventing this disease. The most effective method against FHB is to create resistant genotypes. Diallel analysis provides information about general and specific combining abilities of individual parents as well as information on the nature of gene effects for tested traits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities for visual scores of FHB symptoms as well as for DON and ZEN content, to determine heterosis in F1 crosses and to estimate variance components and heritability for these traits, to determine correlations among traits and to estimate the decrease in the value of agronomic traits in the studied genotypes due to artificial infection. Eight homozygous parents, differing in their resistance to FHB, and their 28 F1 crosses, produced according to the diallel mating design without reciprocals, were included in the study. Field trials were carried out in the breeding nursery of the Bc Institute for Breeding and Production of Field Crops Zagreb at the location Botinec, Croatia during three consecutive years. The trials were conducted each year under artificial inoculation with the fungus F. graminearum and under natural infection (control). For assessing visual symptoms of FHB under artificial and natural infection the percentage of infected spikelets (visual rating index, VRI) and percentage of Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK) were used. In addition, morphological and agronomic traits such as number of days to flowering, plant height, grain yield per plot, 1000 kernel weight, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike as well as the protein content of the grain were determined. Quantitative analysis of the mycotoxin content by the HPLC-MS/MS multi-analytical method in the infected wheat grain was carried out on samples taken from artificially inoculated trials. Diallel analysis using Griffing approach Method 2 was performed to estimate general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability effects as well as variance components and heritability of visual symptoms of FHB as well as DON and ZEN content. For all analyzed traits, mid-parent heterosis (MPH) as well as better parent heterosis (BPH) were determined. The correlation among traits under both natural and artificial infections was estimated by computing phenotypic and genetic correlations. Relative efficiency of selection conducted under artificial vs. natural infection to improve resistance to FHB was calculated on the basis of estimated heritability of resistance ratings and genetic correlations between the resistance ratings under artificial and natural infection. Analysis of variance for artificial inoculation showed significant effect of genotype for VRI, FDK, DON content, and ZEN content, significant year effect for FDK, DON content and ZEN content and significant genotype × year interaction for FDK. Diallel analysis revealed significant GCA and SCA effects for all traits associated with the resistance of genotypes to FHB under artificial infection, where as under natural infection significant effect was found only for GCA. Significant GCA points to the importance of the additive gene effects in the control of FHB resistance, while significant SCA indicates the existence of a dominant or epistatic gene effects in some cross-combinations. The additive variance component in the present study was in both types of infections for all traits substantially higher than the dominant variance component. Therefore, it can be expected that the choice of resistant parents can provide an efficient response to selection. High negative GCA values for FHB-resistance associated traits in individual parental lines make them desirable parents in future cross-combinations within the breeding programs aimed at improving FHB resistance. The results of the present study revealed negative MPH for VRI in artificial inoculation in 22 and negative BPH in 6 out of 28 crosses. For FDK, negative MPH was found in all 28 crosses and negative BPH in 15 crosses. Negative MPH for DON content was determined in 26 and negative BPH in 6 crosses while negative MPH for ZEN content was determined in 26 and negative BPH in 10 crosses. Negative heterotic effects, determined both in relation to mid-parent and better parent, provide a perspective for classical wheat breeding by creating resistant line varieties, especiaslly in hybrid wheat breeding. Under artificial inoculation high positive correlations were observed among all traits associated with resistance to FHB (VRI, FDK, DON content and ZEN content). Therefore, by monitoring the visual symptoms of the disease in the spike, as fast and inexpensive method, it would be possible to predict the degree of grain contamination as well as the content of mycotoxins. High negative correlations under artificial inoculation were observed between the visual FHB simptoms and both grain yield and its components, such as grain number per spike, 1000 kernel weight, grain weight per spike and test weight. The present study also revealed a high negative correlations between plant height and traits associated with FHB resistance, indicating that taller genotypes are more resistant to the disease. High negative correlations between the traits related to visual symptoms of FHB and grain yield and its components indicated the importance of genotypic resistance to FHB to maintain the yield stability in environments favorable for the development of FHB. In the present study a reduction of grain yield and its components was observed under artificial inoculation relative to the natural infection. As an average over 36 genotypes a relative reduction of 27,2%, 10,9%, 22,4%, 10,5% and 13,5% was observed for grain yield, 1000 kernel weight, grain weight per spike, test weight and the number of grains per spike, respectively. The estimates of heritability for visual FHB symptoms (VRI and FDK), as an important component affecting the relative efficiency of indirect vs. direct selection, were in all three experimental years considerably higher under artificial inoculation than under natural infection. The efficiency of indirect selection under artificial inoculation was higher than efficiency of direct selection under natural infection in all three experimental years for VRI but only in one year for FDK as the consequence of differences in natural disease incidences among years.
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- 2019
17. Stabilnost prinosa i komponenti rodnosti kukuruza u uslovima stresa pod dejstvom sulfonilurea
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Živanović, Tomislav, Prodanović, Slaven, Oljača, Snežana, Grčić, Nikola, Božović, Dragan, Živanović, Tomislav, Prodanović, Slaven, Oljača, Snežana, Grčić, Nikola, and Božović, Dragan
- Abstract
Kukuruz (Zea mays L.) predstavlja strateški važnu poljoprivrednu vrstu koja zauzima treće mesto po rasprostranjenosti u svetu. Ima široku upotrebu u savremenom živoitu čoveka, a prema nekim procenama industrijskom preradom kukuruza dobija se preko 500 različitih proizvoda. Pored navedenog značaja, kukuruz zauzima veoma važno mesto u plodoredu. Razvoj nauke je doprineo da kukuruz danas poseduje visok potencijal rodnosti. Osnova moderne selekcija kukuruza je u sistemu inbriding – hibridizacija. Kao mera ostvarene dobiti koristi se prosečno povećanje prinosa zrna na godišnjem nivou. Pored drugih agrotehničkih mera ovome je svakako doprinela i pozitivna interakcija svih činilaca od značaja za proizvodnju. Ovo je uticalo na određivanje cilja istraživanja kao osnove razumevanja ekspresije kvantitativnih osobina, prinos zrna i komponente prinosa zrna, kao zbira efekata genotipa, sredine i interakcije genotipa i spoljašnje sredine (GEI). Pod interakcijom genotipa i spoljašnje sredine se podrazumeva različito reagovanje genotipova na promenljive uslove spoljašnje sredine. Cilj ovog rada je da se odrede: ekspresija osobina, heterozis i nasleđivanje osobina u uslovima stresa izazvanog sulfonilureama i definiše način nasleđivanja ispitivanih osobina. Ovaj rad, takođe, treba da pokaže da li postoji i kolika je korelaciona povezanost ispitivanih osobina u uslovima stresa izazvanog različitim sulfonilureama i koja osobina najjače utiču na prinos zrna. Takođe, cilj ovog istraživanja je da se utvrdi varijabilnost osobina i stabilnost prinosa i drugih kvantitativnih osobina genotipova kukuruza, što će doprineti formiranje slike o prirodi varijabilnosti ispitivanih osobina, ali i samog prinosa zrna u različitim uslovima godine i lokaliteta pod uticajem stresa izazvanog sulfonilureama. Analiza interakcije treba da omogući izdvajanje pojedinačnih genotipova koji su pokazali najveću stabilnost i potencijal za prinos u različitim uslovima proizvodnje. Ovaj rad treba da bude od koristi kak, Maize is not only strategically important agricultural species but also is the third most widespread in the world. It is also widely used in modern life. According to some estimates, there are different maize products. Besides it is significance mentioned above, maize is regarded to have an inportant place in crop rotation. The developmend of science research has contributet to its high fertility potential. The base of moder maize selection is in inbreadin – hybridization. System in addition to certain scientific farming methods, a positive interaction among all important factors for production have contributet to that fact. This defined the aim of reserch as the base for understanding of expression of quantitative features, grain yeald and its components which is all the sum of genotype effects environment and interaction between genotype and environment (GEI). Genotype and environment means different reaction of genotype to changeable environmental conditions. The aim of research is to define: the expression of features, heterosis and inheritance of feauteres in stress conditionals caused by sulfonylureas and to define the way of inhertance tested features. The research should also present, if it exist, how big is correlative connection of tested features in stress conditionals caused by various sulfonylureas and which features influence grain yield most. Additionally, the aim of the research is to determine a feature variability and yield stability, and other quantitive features of maize genotypes, which will contribute to forming an image about the nature of variability of tested features and also of grain yield itself in different conditionals during the year and locality influenced by stress caused sulfonylureas. The interaction analysis should enable isolation of individual genotypes which showed the higes stability and yield potential in various conditions of production. The research should be of benefit to both the maize selectors and farmers in making choi
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- 2019
18. Stabilnost prinosa i komponenti rodnosti kukuruza u uslovima stresa pod dejstvom sulfonilurea
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Božović, Dragan, Živanović, Tomislav, Prodanović, Slaven, Oljača, Snežana, and Grčić, Nikola
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AMMI analysis ,varijabilnost ,variability ,GGE biplot ,stability ,heritability ,Spirman's correlation coefficient and cluster analysis ,yield ,osobine ,heterozis ,Maize ,stabilnost ,heritabilnost ,properties ,heterosis ,inheritance ,prinos ,AMMI analiza ,način nasleđivanja ,Spirmanov koeficijent korelacija i klaster analiza ,Kukuruz - Abstract
Kukuruz (Zea mays L.) predstavlja strateški važnu poljoprivrednu vrstu koja zauzima treće mesto po rasprostranjenosti u svetu. Ima široku upotrebu u savremenom živoitu čoveka, a prema nekim procenama industrijskom preradom kukuruza dobija se preko 500 različitih proizvoda. Pored navedenog značaja, kukuruz zauzima veoma važno mesto u plodoredu. Razvoj nauke je doprineo da kukuruz danas poseduje visok potencijal rodnosti. Osnova moderne selekcija kukuruza je u sistemu inbriding – hibridizacija. Kao mera ostvarene dobiti koristi se prosečno povećanje prinosa zrna na godišnjem nivou. Pored drugih agrotehničkih mera ovome je svakako doprinela i pozitivna interakcija svih činilaca od značaja za proizvodnju. Ovo je uticalo na određivanje cilja istraživanja kao osnove razumevanja ekspresije kvantitativnih osobina, prinos zrna i komponente prinosa zrna, kao zbira efekata genotipa, sredine i interakcije genotipa i spoljašnje sredine (GEI). Pod interakcijom genotipa i spoljašnje sredine se podrazumeva različito reagovanje genotipova na promenljive uslove spoljašnje sredine. Cilj ovog rada je da se odrede: ekspresija osobina, heterozis i nasleđivanje osobina u uslovima stresa izazvanog sulfonilureama i definiše način nasleđivanja ispitivanih osobina. Ovaj rad, takođe, treba da pokaže da li postoji i kolika je korelaciona povezanost ispitivanih osobina u uslovima stresa izazvanog različitim sulfonilureama i koja osobina najjače utiču na prinos zrna. Takođe, cilj ovog istraživanja je da se utvrdi varijabilnost osobina i stabilnost prinosa i drugih kvantitativnih osobina genotipova kukuruza, što će doprineti formiranje slike o prirodi varijabilnosti ispitivanih osobina, ali i samog prinosa zrna u različitim uslovima godine i lokaliteta pod uticajem stresa izazvanog sulfonilureama. Analiza interakcije treba da omogući izdvajanje pojedinačnih genotipova koji su pokazali najveću stabilnost i potencijal za prinos u različitim uslovima proizvodnje. Ovaj rad treba da bude od koristi kako selekcionerima kukuruza tako i samim poljoprivrednim proizvođačima pri izboru hibrida kukuruza za proizvodnju. Istraživanja su sprovedena tokom 2010. i 2011. godine u Institutu Tamiš i Institutu za kukuruz u Zemun Polju. Ogled je postavljen na dve lokacije; Pančevo (lokacija 1) i Zemun Polje (lokacija 2)... Maize is not only strategically important agricultural species but also is the third most widespread in the world. It is also widely used in modern life. According to some estimates, there are different maize products. Besides it is significance mentioned above, maize is regarded to have an inportant place in crop rotation. The developmend of science research has contributet to its high fertility potential. The base of moder maize selection is in inbreadin – hybridization. System in addition to certain scientific farming methods, a positive interaction among all important factors for production have contributet to that fact. This defined the aim of reserch as the base for understanding of expression of quantitative features, grain yeald and its components which is all the sum of genotype effects environment and interaction between genotype and environment (GEI). Genotype and environment means different reaction of genotype to changeable environmental conditions. The aim of research is to define: the expression of features, heterosis and inheritance of feauteres in stress conditionals caused by sulfonylureas and to define the way of inhertance tested features. The research should also present, if it exist, how big is correlative connection of tested features in stress conditionals caused by various sulfonylureas and which features influence grain yield most. Additionally, the aim of the research is to determine a feature variability and yield stability, and other quantitive features of maize genotypes, which will contribute to forming an image about the nature of variability of tested features and also of grain yield itself in different conditionals during the year and locality influenced by stress caused sulfonylureas. The interaction analysis should enable isolation of individual genotypes which showed the higes stability and yield potential in various conditions of production. The research should be of benefit to both the maize selectors and farmers in making choice of maize hybrides for production. The research were done in 2010. and 2011. at the Institute Tamiš and Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje. The experimen was conducted in two location: Pančevo (location 1) and Zemun Polje (location 2). a basic plant material were 6 comercial maize hybrids producted by Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje (ZPSC 434 - (H-1), ZPSC 505 - (H-2), ZP SC 560 - (H-3), ZPSC 600 - (H-4), ZPSC 606 - (H-5) i ZPSC 684 - (H-6)), FAO ripening group 400, 500, 600 and 700 and 6 maize lines (L-1, L-2, L-3, L-4, L-5 i L-6)...
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- 2019
19. Karpuzlarda bazı tohum karakterlerinin kalıtımının belirlenmesi
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Yalçin, Süleyman, Solmaz, İlknur, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, and Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı
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seed inheritance ,Ziraat ,UPOV ,heterosis ,Agriculture ,gen havuzu ,germplasm ,Citrullus lanatus ,tohum kalıtımı ,heterozis - Abstract
TEZ12756 Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2019. Kaynakça (s. 69-73) var. XIII, 75 s. :_res. (bzs. rnk.), tablo ;_29 cm. Bu çalışmada, Alata Bahçe Kültürleri Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü karpuz gen havuzunda bulunan 11 adet hat ve bu hatlardan resiprokal olarak elde edilen melezlerin tohum karakterlerinin F1 aşamasında kalıtımı araştırılmıştır. Tohumlarda UPOV’a göre; büyüklük (çok küçük, küçük, orta, büyük, çok büyük), kabukta zemin rengi (beyaz, krem, yeşil, kırmızı, kızıl kahve, kahverengi, siyah), kabuğun ikincil rengi (yok, var), kabuğun ikincil renginin dağılım şekli (nokta, parça, nokta ve parça), zemin rengi ile ikincil rengin alan ilişkisi (küçük, orta, büyük), hilumda leke (yok, var), kenarda leke (yok, var), tohum sayısı (adet/kg meyve), meyve başına tohum ağırlığı (g/meyve), 1000 dane ağırlığı (g), tohum eni (mm), tohum boyu (mm), tohum kalınlığı (mm) ve tohum renk ölçümleri incelenmiş ve bu parametreler için heterozis değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan gözlemlerde; 2 hat ve 5 melezde siyah renk, 3 hat ve 8 melezde kahverengi renk, 1 hatta kızıl kahve renk ve 1 hatta beyaz renk oluştuğu, 5 hat ve 9 melezde büyük tohum, 1 hat ve 4 melezde küçük tohum ve 1 hatta çok küçük tohum oluştuğu, 2 hat ve 4 melezde hilumda leke oluştuğu ve tüm hat ve melezlerde tohum kenarında leke oluşmadığı gözlemlenmiştir. Kahverengi tohum renginin beyaz üzerine baskın olduğu ve ayrıca siyah tohum renginin kahverengi ve beyaz tohum renkleri üzerine baskın olduğu bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; meyve başına tohum ağırlığı bakımından Y-2-2 × Y-55 melezi, tohum sayısı bakımından Y-2-2 × Y-55 melezi, 1000 dane ağırlığı (g) bakımından Y-55 × Y-45 melezi, tohum eni (mm) bakımından Y-45 hattı, tohum boyu (mm) bakımından Y-45 × Y-55 melezi ve tohum kalınlığı (mm) bakımından Y-21 hattının üstün olduğu tespit edilmiştir. In this study, 11 lines in the watermelon germplasm of Alata Horticulture Research Institute Directorate and the inheritance of seed characters of reciprocal hybrids obtained from these lines were investigated. According to UPOV; size (very small, small, medium, large, very large), ground color of testa (white, cream, green, red, red brown, brown, black), secondary color of testa (absent, present), type of distribution of secondary color of testa (in dots only, in dots and in patches, in patches only), area of secondary color in relation to that of ground color (small, medium, large), patches at hilum (absent, present), patches at margin (absent, present), number of seeds (seed/kg fruit), seed weight (g/fruit), 1000 grain weight (g), seed width (mm), seed length (mm), seed thickness (mm) and seed color measurements were examined and heterosis values were calculated for these parameters. Observations made; black color in 2 lines and 5 hybrids, brown color in 3 lines and 8 hybrids, one red brown color and 1 line white color, big seeds in 5 lines and 9 hybrids, small seeds in 1 line and 4 hybrids and 1 line very small seeds, patches at hilum in 2 lines and 4 hybrids and no patches at margin of the seed. It was found that brown seed color dominates over white and black seed color dominates over brown and white seed colors. According to the results of the research; Y-2-2 × Y-55 hybrid in terms of seed weight per fruit, Y-2-2 × Y-55 hybrid in terms of seed number, Y-55 × Y-45 hybrid in terms of 1000 grain weight, in terms of seed width (mm) Y-45 lines, Y-45 × Y-55 hybrid in terms of seed length (mm) and Y-21 line in seed thickness (mm) was found to be superior. Bu Çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi Tarafından Desteklenmiştir. Proje no: FYL-2018- 11210.
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- 2019
20. Ispitivanje kombinacionih sposobnosti za broj zrna u redu inbred linija kukuruza različitih ciklusa selekcije
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Sečanski, Mile, Sečanski, Mile, Todorović, Goran, Tolimir, Miodrag, Srdić, Jelena, Jovanović, Snežana, Grčić, Nikola, Brankov, Milan, Sečanski, Mile, Sečanski, Mile, Todorović, Goran, Tolimir, Miodrag, Srdić, Jelena, Jovanović, Snežana, Grčić, Nikola, and Brankov, Milan
- Abstract
U ovom istraživanju prouĉavane su inbred linije kukuruza dobijene iz razliĉitih ciklusa selekcije dve sintetiĉke populacije BSSS i BSCB1 kao i linije roditelji elitnog hibrida.Cilj je bio da se za osobinu broj zrna u redu ispita varijabilnost inbred linija i njihovih hibrida, heterozis i opšte i posebne kombinacione sposobnosti.Najveći proseĉan broj zrna u redu dobijen je kod hibrida ZPL2 x B73 (44,2) za koji je utvrđena i najviša vrednost heterozisa od (59,4%) dok je najmanji proseĉan broj zrna u redu ostvario hibrid B90 x B91(15,60). Za linije iz BSSS populacije i linije roditelje elitnog hibrida konstatovano je da neaditivni geni preovlađuju u nasleđivanju što pokazuje odnos OKS/PKS koji je bio manji od jedinice dok je za linije BSCB1 sintetika i linije elitnog hibrida aditivna varijansa veća od neaditivne.Linija B73(C5) iz sintetika BSSS se pokazala kao najbolji opšti kombinator u obe ispitivane godine i lokacije što upućuje da se može koristiti u programima oplemenjivanja na povećan broj zrna u redu.U BSCB1 populaciji inbred linija B97(C9) takođe je ispoljila visoke vrednosti za OKS., Maize inbred lines developed from different cycles of selection of two synthetic populations, BSSS and BSCB1, as well as the parental inbreds of an elite hybrid were observed in this study. The objective of the study was to observe the following parameters for the number of kernels per row: variability of inbred lines and their hybrids, heterosis, general and specific combining abilities. The greatest number of kernels per row was recorded in the hybrid ZPL2 x B73 (44.2). Moreover, the highest value of heterosis was also determined in this hybrid (59.4%). On the other hand, the lowest average number of kernels per row was detected in the hybrid B90 x B91 (15.60). Negative genes prevailed in inheritance in the inbreds of the BSSS population and parental inbreds of the elite hybrid, which was indicated by the GSC to SCA ratio that was below unit, while the additive variance was greater than the non-additive one in the inbreds of the synthetic BSCB1and the inbreds of the elite hybrid. The inbred B73(C5) of the synthetic BSSS had the highest GCA effects in both locations and both years of investigation indicating that it can be used in the breeding programmes for the increased number of kernels per row. In the BSCB1 population, the inbred line B97(C9) also expressed high values of GCA.
- Published
- 2018
21. Primena morfoloških i molekulanih markera u selekciji superirornih linija paprika (Capsicum annuum L.)
- Author
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Cvikić, Dejan, Cvikić, Dejan, Pavlović, Nenad, Zdravković, Jasmina, Đorđević, Radiša, Pavlović, Suzana, Cvikić, Dejan, Cvikić, Dejan, Pavlović, Nenad, Zdravković, Jasmina, Đorđević, Radiša, and Pavlović, Suzana
- Abstract
Metodom punog dialela, bez povratnih ukrštanja izvršena je hibridizacija pet roditeljskih genotipova (KP-01,KP-03, C-15, CH-1 i HM-6) radi dobijanja potomstva F1 generacije, iz koje je samooplodnjom dobijena F2 generacija. Osnovni cilj ovog istraţivanja je bio da se primenom morfoloških (po UPOV-u) i molekularnih markera odrede roditelji koji su donori pozitivnih gena i koji daju ekspresivno potomstvo sa poboljšanim osobinama. OdreĊene su genetiĉke vrednosti za ispitivane kvantitativne osobine (ranostasnost, broj plodova po biljci, debljina perikarpa, masa ploda i sadrţaj vitamina C) roditelja, F1 i F2 generacije. Izraĉunate su fenotipske korelacije kvantitativnih osobina, kao i grupisanje genotipova na osnovu morfoloških i kvantitativnih parametara. Morfološki markeri su pokazali veliki znaĉaj za procenu sortnih razliĉitosti. Nijedan od 15 ispitivanih genotipova nije imao iste vrednosti za sedam ispitivanih morfoloških markera. Klaster analiza zasnovana na vrednosti kvantitativnih osobina dala je rezultate koji su znato više primenljivi u oplemenjivanju paprike u odnosu na klaster analizu zasnovanu na morfološkim markerima. Od 20 primenjenih prajmera, samo OPP-5 je obrazovao traku OPP-5-3 koja je povezana sa dugim oblikom ploda, jer je identifikovana samo kod roditelja i svih njegovih hibrida sa navedenim oblikom ploda., By applying method of full diallel, without reciprocal crossing, the hybridization has been done for five parental genotypes (KP-01, KP-03, S-15, CH-1 and HM-6) in order to obtain progeny of F1 generation, and F2 generation by self-crossing. The aim of this research was to apply morphological (UPOV) and molecular RAPD markers and determine parents - donors of positive genes and produce expressive progeny with improved traits. Genetic values for researched quantitative traits (earliness, number of fruits per plant, thickness of pericarp, fruit weight and content of vitamin C) of parents, F1and F2 hybrids have been defined. Phenotype correlations of quantitative traits and group of genotypes according to morphological and quantitative parameters have been calculated. Morphological markers showed significance in estimating variety differences. None of 15 researched genotypes for seven researched morphological markers did not have same values. Cluster analysis based on values of quantitative traits gave more applicable result in pepper breeding comparing to cluster analysis based on morphological markers. From 20 applied primers, only OPP-5 formed tape OPP-5-3, which is connected to long shape of fruit, since it has been identified only for parents and all their hybrids with mentioned fruit shape.
- Published
- 2018
22. Beit Alpha grubu hıyarlarda (Cucumis sativus L.) verim, bitki gelişimi ve diğer agronomik özelliklerde heterozis
- Author
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Aydöner, Hünkar Umut, Solmaz, İlknur, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, and Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Beit-Alpha ,Ziraat ,verim ,Cucumber ,correlation ,korelasyon ,heterosis ,Agriculture ,Hıyar ,yield ,heterozis - Abstract
TEZ12130 Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2017. Kaynakça (s. 81-85) var. XVII, 87 s. :_rnk. res., tablo ;_29 cm. Dünya’da ve ülkemizde en fazla üretimi yapılan sebze türlerinden biri olan hıyar (Cucumis sativus L.), ülkemizde hem örtü altı, hem de açıkta yoğun bir şekilde yetiştirilmektedir. Birim alandan daha fazla verim alınacak çeşitlerin geliştirilmesine yönelik yapılacak en önemli adım ise doğru ıslah programlarının oluşturulmasıdır. Bu çalışmada, 10 hibrit çeşit ve bu hibrit çeşitleri oluşturan 20 ebeveyn hattın; verim, bitki gelişimi ve diğer agronomik özellikleri araştırılarak, hibritlerdeki heterozis ve heterobeltiozis oranları hesaplanmıştır. Belirtilen karakterler için hibritlerdeki heterozis oranlarının yanı sıra; bu heterozis oranlarının, ebeveyn hatların arasındaki genetik uzaklığa olan korelasyonu da hesaplanmıştır. İncelenen tüm karakterler için, ebeveyn ortalaması ve üstün ebeveyn üzerine oldukça farklı oranlarda heterozis sonuçları elde edilmiştir. Hibritler arasında, RZ10 (% 42.15) ve RZ5 (% 20.92), toplam verim (kg/parsel) bakımından en yüksek heterozisi göstermiştir. RZ1 (% 15.90) ve RZ6 (% 11.92) hibritleri, toplam verim (kg/parsel) özelliği için en yüksek heterobeltiozis oranını göstermiştir. Toplam verim (kg/parsel) özelliği için heterozis oranlarının, ebeveyn hatlar arasındaki genetik uzaklığa olan korelasyonu pozitif yönde ve % 43.79 olarak hesaplanmıştır. RZ5 ve RZ10 hibritleri, bitki gelişimi, ana gövde uzunluğu, yaprak eni ve boyu ve hasat edilen toplam meyve sayısı karakterleri bakımından en yüksek heterozis değerlerine sahip olmuşlardır. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), which can be cultivated both indoor and outdoor, is one of the broadly grown vegetable species worldwide as well as in our country. In order to develop better yielding new vegetable varieties, appropriate set-up of the breeding strategy is crucial. In this study, 10 F1 hybrids of cucumber involving 20 parental lines were studied to elucidate the extent of heterosis for yield, plant growth and other agronomical traits. In addition to the extent of heterosis for specified traits, hybrids were also studied to reveal the extent of the prediction for heterosis based on the genetic distance between the parental lines as well as the correlation between the extent of heterosis and the prediction. Highly variable heterosis results were found over mid parent and better parent for all studied traits. Among all the hybrids maximum positive heterosis over mid parent value were found in the hybrids RZ10 (42.15 %) and RZ5 (20.92 %) for yield. The hybrids RZ1 (15.90 %) and RZ6 (11.92 %) were observed to be the best two genotypes for heterosis over better parent value for yield. Correlation between the prediction on the genetic distance basis and the extent of heterosis for yield was found to be positive as 43.79 %. The hybrids RZ5 and RZ10 were found to be the best two genotypes for heterosis over mid-parent value for some plant growth traits such as main stem length, average number of harvested fruit and leaf blade dimensions. Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir. Proje No: FYL-2016-7188.
- Published
- 2017
23. Uticaj genetskih i negenetskih faktora na produktivnost mlečnih goveda
- Author
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Nemeš, Žolt J., Grubić, Goran, Gáspárdy, András, Petrović, Milan M., Perišić, Predrag, and Đedović, Radica
- Subjects
genetic improvement ,ukrštanje ,breeding value ,priplodna vrednost ,crossing ,heritability ,heterozis ,recombination ,goveda ,cattle ,heterosis ,produktivne osobine ,heritabilitet ,productivity traits ,genetski napredak ,rekombinacija - Abstract
U radu su ispitivani uticaji genetskih i negenetskih faktora na osobine mleĉnosti u proseĉnoj standardnoj laktaciji za 305 dana, reproduktivne osobine i osobine dugoveĉnosti kod domaćeg šarenog goveĉeta (DŠ) i holštajn-frizijske rase, odnosno kod ukrštanih genotipova, u procesu pretapanja DŠ sa holštajn-frizijskom rasom. Fenotipska varijabilnost ispitivanih osobina mleĉnosti u standardnoj laktaciji i u toku ţivotne proizvodnje, kao i signifikantni uticaji sistematskih faktora na navedene osobine su analizirani primenom kompjuterskog programa STATISTICA, verzija 10. (StatSoft, Inc.2011), sa opštim linearnim modelom (GLM, ) i pomoću Wilk- i F-testa. Vrednosti ocena su prikazane kao proseĉne vrednosti svojstava (LSM-Least Squares Mean), odnosno njihove greške (SEM-Standard Error of Mean), dobijene na osnovu metoda najmanjih kvadrata. Neaditivni genetski uticaji ukrštanja ocenjeni su po Dickersonu. Za ocenu genetskih parametera su izraĉunate komponente varijanse osobina mleĉnosti u standardnoj laktaciji holštajn-frizijske rase sa programom VCE6, Verzija 6.0.2, primenom mešovitog modela individue sa ponavljanjima za više osobina (MTAMRep). Priplodna vrednost je procenjena pomoću softverskog paketa PEST. Genetskoi trend osobina mleĉnosti za holštajn-frizijsku rasu je ocenjen kao regresija proseĉne priplodne vrednosti krava i bikova na godine roĊenja. Celokupnu populaciju ĉini 12944 krava poreklom od 390 holštajn i 8 bikova domaće šarene (simentalske) rase, koja je proizvodila na sedam farmi u AP Vojvodini u periodu od 1971 do 2008 godine. Kod ukrštanih genotipova u standardnoj laktaciji za 305 dana, sa povećanjem udela holštajn gena (F1-R5), povećavao se prinos mleka i mleĉne masti (5020,3 - 5801,4 kg, odnosno 176,2-201,6 kg), a paralelno došlo je do pada sadrţaja mleĉne masti (3,55% - 3,49%). Krave F1 generacije su imale najveći realizovani heterozis za prinos mleka (+ 185,5 kg), dok su krave genotipa R1 i R2 imale negativan realizovani heterozis (-21,0 kg odnosno -205,7 kg)...
- Published
- 2016
24. Estimation of nonadditive genetic influences on standard lactation production (305 days) in upgrading of Serbian-Fleckvieh to Holstein-Friesian cattle breed
- Author
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Zolt Nemes, Dragomir Lukač, M. Milan Petrović, István Komlósi, and András Gáspárdy
- Subjects
pretapanje ,križanje ,rekombinacija ,heterozis ,standardna laktacija ,upgrading ,crossbreeding ,recombination ,heterosis ,standard lactation length - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to estimate the effects of systematic factors, primarily the degree of crossing, on the standard lactation lengths of 305 days in 6 different genotypes of cows (F1, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5) obtained by the upgrading of the Serbian Fleckvieh (SF) to the Holstein-Friesian (HF) breed of cattle. The systematic effects included in the general linear model (GLM) exerted a significant (P, Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati procjenu sistematskih faktora, prvenstveno stupnja križanja na standardnu laktacijsku proizvodnju od 305 dana kod 6 genotipova krava (F1, R1, R2, R3, R4 i R5) dobivenih pretapanjem domaćeg šarenog goveda (SF) s holštajn-frizijskom (HF) pasminom goveda. Sistematski utjecaji uključeni u GLM model imali su značajan utjecaj (P
- Published
- 2016
25. Nasleđivanje kvantitativnih osobina kod dialelnih hibrida suncokreta
- Author
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Jocković, Milan Đ., Prodanović, Slaven, Šurlan-Momirović, Gordana, Pešić, Vladan, Marinković, Radovan, and Jocić, Siniša
- Subjects
sunflower ,suncokret ,quantitative traits ,heritability ,heterozis ,regression analysis ,korelacije ,heritabilnost ,correlation ,heterosis ,kombinacione sposobnosti ,combining ability ,kvantitativne osobine ,regresiona analiza - Abstract
Suncokret je jedna od najvažnijih uljanih biljnih vrsta u svetu i u mnogim zemljama primaran izvor jestivog ulja. Osnovni ciljevi u oplemenjivanju suncokreta jesu povećanje prinosa semena i sadržaja ulja u semenu, a preko njih i prinosa ulja po jedinici površine. Za realizacija navedenog cilja neophodno je posedovanje odgovarajuće genetičke varijabilnosti, kao i informacije o načinu nasleđivanja, heterozisu, heritabilnosti i odnosu prinosa semena sa drugim osobinama biljke. Šest sorti suncokreta ukršteno je dialelnom metodom. Ispitivane su osobine prinos semena po biljci, masa 1000 semena, sadržaj ulja, visina biljke i prečnik glave. Analizirani su način nasleđivanja, kombinacione sposobnosti, komponente genetičke varijanse sa regresionom analizom, heritabilnost i korelacija između prinosa semena po biljci i ostalih ispitivanih osobina. U nasleđivanju prinosa semena po biljci ispoljile su se superdominacija, dominacija boljeg i lošijeg roditelja, parcijalna dominacija boljeg roditelja i intermedijarnost. Aditivna i neaditivna komponenta bile su od značaja u nasleđivanju prinosa semena po biljci, a dominantni geni su preovlađivali u odnosu na recesivne. Vrednost heritabilnosti ukazala je na velik uticaj spoljašnje sredine u formiranju prinosa semena po biljci. U nasleđivanju mase 1000 semena kao načini nasleđivanja ispoljili su se negativna superdominacija, dominacija boljeg roditelja, parcijalna dominacija lošijeg i boljeg roditelja kao i intermedijarnost. Analize su pokazale da su i aditivna i neaditivna komponenta bile od značaja u nasleđivanju mase 1000 semena. Frekvencija dominantnih gena bila je veća od recesivnih za masu 1000 semena. Utvrđeno je da na formiranje mase 1000 semena velik uticaj imaju faktori spoljašnje sredine. U nasleđivanju sadržaja ulja preovlađivala je superdominacija. Neaditivna komponenta genetičke varijanse imala je značajniju ulogu u nasleđivanju sadržaja ulja, a zastupljenost dominantnih gena bila je veća od recesivnih. Heritabilnost u užem smislu ukazala je da selekcija na visok sadržaj ulja može biti uspešna. Najčešći način nasleđivanja visine biljke bila je superdominacija... Sunflower is one of the most important oilseed crops in the world and primary source of edible oil in many countries. The main objectives in sunflower breeding are increased seed yield and oil content in seed and thus oil yield per unit area. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to possess appropriate genetic variability, as well as information about inheritance, heterosis, heritability and relationship between seed yield and other characteristics of the plant. Six sunflower varieties were crossed using diallel method. Seed yield per plant, 1000-seed weight, oil content, plant height and head diameter were studied. Analysis included mode of inheritance, combining abilities, components of genetic variance with regression analysis, heritability and correlation between seed yield per plant and other studied traits. The inheritance of seed yield per plant exhibited superdominance, dominance of the better and poorer parent, partial dominance of the better parent and the intermediary. Additive and nonadditive components were important in the inheritance of seed yield per plant and dominant genes prevailed in relation to recessive. Heritability estimates indicated that environment had great effect on seed yield per plant. The mode of inheritance of 1000-seed weight exhibited negative superdominance, dominance of the better parent, partial dominance of poorer and better parent as well as intermediary. Analysis showed that both, additive and nonadditive, components were important in the inheritance of 1000-seed weight. The frequency of dominant genes was higher than recessive for 1000-seed weight. It was found that environmental factors had great influence on the formation of 1000-seed weight. Superdominance was prevailing as a mode of inheritance for oil content. Nonadditive component of genetic variance played a significant role in the inheritance of oil content and the presence of dominant genes was higher than recessive. Estimation of narrow sense heritability indicated that selection for high oil content can be successful. Superdominance was the most common mode of inheritance for plant height. Additive component had greater importance in the inheritance of plant height, whereas the frequency of dominant genes was higher than recessive...
- Published
- 2015
26. Kombinacione sposobnosti za broj redova zrna inbred linija kukuruza različitih ciklusa rekurentne selekcije
- Author
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Sečanski, Mile, Sečanski, Mile, Todorović, Goran, Srdić, Jelena, Branković, Gordana, Jovanović, Snežana, Grčić, Nikola, Semenčenko, Valentina, Sečanski, Mile, Sečanski, Mile, Todorović, Goran, Srdić, Jelena, Branković, Gordana, Jovanović, Snežana, Grčić, Nikola, and Semenčenko, Valentina
- Abstract
U ovom radu su ispitivane inbred linije kukuruza dobijene iz različitih ciklusa rekurentne selekcije dve sintetičke populacije BSSS i BSCB1. Proučavana je varijabilnost ovih linija i njihovih hibrida, heterozis i opšte i posebne kombinacione sposobnosti. Najveći broj redova zrna ostvario je hibrid B73 x B84 (16,40), a najmanju prosečnu vrednost hibrid ZPL2 x B99(13,73). Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da postoje visoko značajne i pozitivne razlike između ispitivanih linija za OKS i PKS kod obe ispitivane sintetičke populacije. Pošto je odnos OKS/PKS za sintetik BSSS i roditelje elitnog hibrida bio veći od jedinice, može se zaključiti da aditivno delovanje gena ima najznačajniju ulogu u nasleđivanju ove osobine, dok je za linije BSCB1 populacije i linije hibrida veći uticaj imalo dominantno delovanje gena. Najbolji opšti kombinatori iz sintetika BSSS su linije B73(C5) i B84(C7) za obe ispitivane godine i lokacije, a iz sintetičke populacije BSCB1 linije B90(C7) i B97(C9). Linije B73(C5) i B84(C7) su ispoljile i najviše srednje vrednosti što znači da se radi o perspektivnim linijama za selekciju na povećan broj redova zrna. Visoku vrednost PKS, kao i najveći heterozis pokazao je hibrid B14 x B37, a uključivao je roditelje sa lošim efektom za OKS. Ovo je posledica delovanja aditivni x aditivni tip interakcije gena.
- Published
- 2016
27. Uticaj genetskih i negenetskih faktora na produktivnost mlečnih goveda
- Author
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Grubić, Goran, Gáspárdy, András, Petrović, Milan M., Perišić, Predrag, Đedović, Radica, Nemeš, Žolt J., Grubić, Goran, Gáspárdy, András, Petrović, Milan M., Perišić, Predrag, Đedović, Radica, and Nemeš, Žolt J.
- Abstract
U radu su ispitivani uticaji genetskih i negenetskih faktora na osobine mleĉnosti u proseĉnoj standardnoj laktaciji za 305 dana, reproduktivne osobine i osobine dugoveĉnosti kod domaćeg šarenog goveĉeta (DŠ) i holštajn-frizijske rase, odnosno kod ukrštanih genotipova, u procesu pretapanja DŠ sa holštajn-frizijskom rasom. Fenotipska varijabilnost ispitivanih osobina mleĉnosti u standardnoj laktaciji i u toku ţivotne proizvodnje, kao i signifikantni uticaji sistematskih faktora na navedene osobine su analizirani primenom kompjuterskog programa STATISTICA, verzija 10. (StatSoft, Inc.2011), sa opštim linearnim modelom (GLM, ) i pomoću Wilk- i F-testa. Vrednosti ocena su prikazane kao proseĉne vrednosti svojstava (LSM-Least Squares Mean), odnosno njihove greške (SEM-Standard Error of Mean), dobijene na osnovu metoda najmanjih kvadrata. Neaditivni genetski uticaji ukrštanja ocenjeni su po Dickersonu. Za ocenu genetskih parametera su izraĉunate komponente varijanse osobina mleĉnosti u standardnoj laktaciji holštajn-frizijske rase sa programom VCE6, Verzija 6.0.2, primenom mešovitog modela individue sa ponavljanjima za više osobina (MTAMRep). Priplodna vrednost je procenjena pomoću softverskog paketa PEST. Genetskoi trend osobina mleĉnosti za holštajn-frizijsku rasu je ocenjen kao regresija proseĉne priplodne vrednosti krava i bikova na godine roĊenja. Celokupnu populaciju ĉini 12944 krava poreklom od 390 holštajn i 8 bikova domaće šarene (simentalske) rase, koja je proizvodila na sedam farmi u AP Vojvodini u periodu od 1971 do 2008 godine. Kod ukrštanih genotipova u standardnoj laktaciji za 305 dana, sa povećanjem udela holštajn gena (F1-R5), povećavao se prinos mleka i mleĉne masti (5020,3 - 5801,4 kg, odnosno 176,2-201,6 kg), a paralelno došlo je do pada sadrţaja mleĉne masti (3,55% - 3,49%). Krave F1 generacije su imale najveći realizovani heterozis za prinos mleka (+ 185,5 kg), dok su krave genotipa R1 i R2 imale negativan realizovani heterozis (-21,0 kg odnosno -205,7
- Published
- 2016
28. Metode rekurentne selekcije i eksploatacija heterozisa kukuruza
- Author
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Živanović, Tomislav, Šurlan-Momirović, Gordana, and Krstanović, Saša
- Subjects
rekurentna selekcija ,kukuruz ,polusrodnici ,lcsh:Biotechnology ,lcsh:TP248.13-248.65 ,heterosis ,recurrent selection ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,maize ,lcsh:S1-972 ,heterozis ,testcross half-sib recurrent selection - Abstract
Recurrent selection methods were designed to improve the agronomic value of populations by gradually increasing the frequency of favorable alleles, while maintaining genetic variability. To realize these objectives, progenies are developed, evaluated, selected and recombined in a repetitive manner. Populations improved by recurrent selection are excepted to be agronomically superior to unimproved versions and have enough genetic variability for the traits under selection to allow these populations be used for medium or long-term selection. The performance of hybrids is associated with the level of heterosis, i.e., to the superiority of hybrids over their inbred parents. To exploit heterosis efficiently, populations are grouped into heterotic groups, where population crosses within and among groups produce low and high levels of heterosis, respectively. Hybrids are then produced by crossing inbred lines from different heterotic group. Recurrent selection programs should be integrated with hybrid breeding programs so that improved populations can be used as sources of inbred lines not related to that ones developed from recycled lines via pedigree breeding. The objectives of this paper are to present the effects of recurrent selection on hybrid breeding programs; to present the changes in heterosis following recurrent selection; and to compare intra- and inter population recurrent selection. Testcross half-sib recurrent selection (TCHSRS) is for hybrid breeding programs, improvement of population crosses as well as the populations per se should be as efficient as possible, because their rates of improvement are approximately the same as for as the derived hybrids and inbred lines per se, respectively. The use of TCHSRS rather then RRS or HSRS would be the suitable strategy to accomplish the requirements of hybrid breeding programs. . Metode rekurentne selekcije imaju za cilj poboljšanje agronomskih vrednosti populacija uz postepeno povećanje frekvencije poželjnih alela osobina i održavanje genetičke varijabilnosti. U procesu selekcije neophodna je dovoljna genetička varijabilnost koja će omogućiti ovim populacijama da budu iskorišćene u procesu dugotrajnog oplemenjivanja. Stvaranje hibrida je u direktnoj vezi sa visokim heterozisom. Nivo heterozisa izmešu dve populacije je uslovljen njihovom genetičkom konstitucijom i divergentnošću. Inbred linije koje daju visok heterozis u hibridnim kombinacijama suporeklom iz različitih populacija, genetički udaljenih, koje čine heterotične parove. Cilj ovog rada je: (I) da pokaže efekte rekurentne selekcije pri stvaranju hibrida, (II) da pokaže promene u heterozisu pri različitim metodama rekurentne selekcije, (III) da uporedi razlike pri inter i intra populacijskoj rekurentnoj selekciji i (IV) da na osnovu ovih rezultata predloži novi modifikovani metod rekurentne selekcije. Obzirom na različitu efikasnost recipročne rekurentne selekcije (RRS) i half-sib rekurentne selekcije (HSRS) u inter i intra populacijskoj rekurentnoj selekciji, neophodno je primenjivati novi modifikovani metod rekurentne selekcije (test-cross half-sib rekurentnu selekciju, tj. TCHSRS). Ovaj metod selekcije u manjem procentu povećava heterozis nego RRS, ali poboljšanje međupopulacijskih hibrida i populacija per seje veće nego posle primene RRS i HSRS. TCHSRS metod se sastoji u tome da se jedna (prva) populacija koristi kao tester za drugu populaciju, te se poboljšava putem inter-populacijske rekurentne selekcije, dok se druga populacija poboljšava primenom intra-populacijske selekcije. Iz tih razloga ovaj modifikovani metod može biti nova strategija za postizanje savremenih zahteva u oplemenjivanju. .
- Published
- 2004
29. Inheritance of quantitative traits in diallel hybrids of sunflower
- Author
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Jocković, Milan, Prodanović, Slaven, Šurlan-Momirović, Gordana, Pešić, Vladan, Marinković, Radovan, and Jocić, Siniša
- Subjects
sunflower ,suncokret ,quantitative traits ,heritability ,regression analysis ,heterozis ,korelacije ,heritabilnost ,correlation ,heterosis ,combining ability ,kombinacione sposobnosti ,kvantitativne osobine ,regresiona analiza - Abstract
Sunflower is one of the most important oilseed crops in the world and primary source of edible oil in many countries. The main objectives in sunflower breeding are increased seed yield and oil content in seed and thus oil yield per unit area. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to possess appropriate genetic variability, as well as information about inheritance, heterosis, heritability and relationship between seed yield and other characteristics of the plant. Six sunflower varieties were crossed using diallel method. Seed yield per plant, 1000-seed weight, oil content, plant height and head diameter were studied. Analysis included mode of inheritance, combining abilities, components of genetic variance with regression analysis, heritability and correlation between seed yield per plant and other studied traits. The inheritance of seed yield per plant exhibited superdominance, dominance of the better and poorer parent, partial dominance of the better parent and the intermediary. Additive and nonadditive components were important in the inheritance of seed yield per plant and dominant genes prevailed in relation to recessive. Heritability estimates indicated that environment had great effect on seed yield per plant. The mode of inheritance of 1000-seed weight exhibited negative superdominance, dominance of the better parent, partial dominance of poorer and better parent as well as intermediary. Analysis showed that both, additive and nonadditive, components were important in the inheritance of 1000-seed weight. The frequency of dominant genes was higher than recessive for 1000-seed weight. It was found that environmental factors had great influence on the formation of 1000-seed weight. Superdominance was prevailing as a mode of inheritance for oil content. Nonadditive component of genetic variance played a significant role in the inheritance of oil content and the presence of dominant genes was higher than recessive. Estimation of narrow sense heritability indicated that selection for high oil content can be successful. Superdominance was the most common mode of inheritance for plant height. Additive component had greater importance in the inheritance of plant height, whereas the frequency of dominant genes was higher than recessive... Suncokret je jedna od najvažnijih uljanih biljnih vrsta u svetu i u mnogim zemljama primaran izvor jestivog ulja. Osnovni ciljevi u oplemenjivanju suncokreta jesu povećanje prinosa semena i sadržaja ulja u semenu, a preko njih i prinosa ulja po jedinici površine. Za realizacija navedenog cilja neophodno je posedovanje odgovarajuće genetičke varijabilnosti, kao i informacije o načinu nasleđivanja, heterozisu, heritabilnosti i odnosu prinosa semena sa drugim osobinama biljke. Šest sorti suncokreta ukršteno je dialelnom metodom. Ispitivane su osobine prinos semena po biljci, masa 1000 semena, sadržaj ulja, visina biljke i prečnik glave. Analizirani su način nasleđivanja, kombinacione sposobnosti, komponente genetičke varijanse sa regresionom analizom, heritabilnost i korelacija između prinosa semena po biljci i ostalih ispitivanih osobina. U nasleđivanju prinosa semena po biljci ispoljile su se superdominacija, dominacija boljeg i lošijeg roditelja, parcijalna dominacija boljeg roditelja i intermedijarnost. Aditivna i neaditivna komponenta bile su od značaja u nasleđivanju prinosa semena po biljci, a dominantni geni su preovlađivali u odnosu na recesivne. Vrednost heritabilnosti ukazala je na velik uticaj spoljašnje sredine u formiranju prinosa semena po biljci. U nasleđivanju mase 1000 semena kao načini nasleđivanja ispoljili su se negativna superdominacija, dominacija boljeg roditelja, parcijalna dominacija lošijeg i boljeg roditelja kao i intermedijarnost. Analize su pokazale da su i aditivna i neaditivna komponenta bile od značaja u nasleđivanju mase 1000 semena. Frekvencija dominantnih gena bila je veća od recesivnih za masu 1000 semena. Utvrđeno je da na formiranje mase 1000 semena velik uticaj imaju faktori spoljašnje sredine. U nasleđivanju sadržaja ulja preovlađivala je superdominacija. Neaditivna komponenta genetičke varijanse imala je značajniju ulogu u nasleđivanju sadržaja ulja, a zastupljenost dominantnih gena bila je veća od recesivnih. Heritabilnost u užem smislu ukazala je da selekcija na visok sadržaj ulja može biti uspešna. Najčešći način nasleđivanja visine biljke bila je superdominacija...
- Published
- 2015
30. Development of eggplant hybrid cultivar ‘BATEM FILIZI’ and determination of yield performance
- Author
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Volkan Topçu and Hatice Filiz Boyaci
- Subjects
Horticulture ,food and beverages ,Cultivar ,Biology ,Islah ,Heterozis ,Heterobeltiosis ,Sera ,Filogenetik ilişki ,Phylogenetic relationship ,Breeding ,Heterosis ,Greenhouse - Abstract
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) cultivation is an important part of vegetable production in Turkey. It is highly affected by abiotic stress factors such as low temperatures during growth and development. The present study was aimed to improve new hybrid varieties with high quality and fruit setting under undesirable environmental conditions in eggplant. The 39 inbred lines were developed from eggplant genepool by using pedigree breeding method at the Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute. They were characterized morphologically and evaluated for phylogenetic relationship among them. Selected seven lines were crossed each other to obtain F1 hybrids. Thirteen hybrids from these crosses were examined for their rate of heterosis and heterobeltiosis. These hybrids were not suitable for market demands although F1 hybrids including P350 as parental line had high heterosis rate. Oval fruit shaped P350 inbred line as female parent showed good performance and crossed with long fruit shaped P599 inbred line. The resultant F1 hybrid cultivar higher yielding, suitable for production under greenhouse and highly adaptable was registered with the name of BATEM FILIZI. It is recommended that this hybrid can be used in greenhouse production especially in single crop season., Patlıcan Türkiye’de üretilen önemli sebze türlerinden birisidir. Büyümesi ve gelişmesi sırasında düşük sıcaklık gibi abiyotik stres faktörlerinden oldukça etkilenir. Sunulan çalışmada, patlıcanda olumsuz çevre koşulları altında meyve tutumu ve kalitesi yüksek yeni hibrit çeşitlerin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Pedigri ıslah metodu kullanılarak Batı Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü patlıcan gen havuzundan 39 adet hat geliştirilmiştir. Bu hatlar morfolojik olarak karakterize edilmiş ve aralarındaki filogenetik ilişki değerlendirilmiştir. F1 hibrit elde etmek için seçilen 7 hat arasında melezlemeler yapılmıştır. Bu melezlemelerden elde edilen 13 adet hibritin heterozis ve heterobelitiosis oranları incelenmiştir. P350 hattının da ebeveyn olarak yer aldığı F1 hibritler yüksek heterozis oranlarına sahip olmasına rağmen, bu hibritler pazar taleplerine uygun bulunmamıştır. Ana ebeveyn olarak iyi bir performans gösteren oval meyveli P350 ile uzun meyveli P599 melezlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, elde edilen yüksek verimli, serada yetiştirilmeye uygun adaptasyon kabiliyeti yüksek bu hibrit BATEM FİLİZİ olarak tescile alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada geliştirilen hibrit özellikle tek ürün döneminde örtüaltı yetiştiriciliğinde kullanılabilir.
- Published
- 2014
31. Nasleđivanje kvantitativnih osobina kod dialelnih hibrida suncokreta
- Author
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Prodanović, Slaven, Šurlan-Momirović, Gordana, Pešić, Vladan, Marinković, Radovan, Jocić, Siniša, Jocković, Milan Đ., Prodanović, Slaven, Šurlan-Momirović, Gordana, Pešić, Vladan, Marinković, Radovan, Jocić, Siniša, and Jocković, Milan Đ.
- Abstract
Suncokret je jedna od najvažnijih uljanih biljnih vrsta u svetu i u mnogim zemljama primaran izvor jestivog ulja. Osnovni ciljevi u oplemenjivanju suncokreta jesu povećanje prinosa semena i sadržaja ulja u semenu, a preko njih i prinosa ulja po jedinici površine. Za realizacija navedenog cilja neophodno je posedovanje odgovarajuće genetičke varijabilnosti, kao i informacije o načinu nasleđivanja, heterozisu, heritabilnosti i odnosu prinosa semena sa drugim osobinama biljke. Šest sorti suncokreta ukršteno je dialelnom metodom. Ispitivane su osobine prinos semena po biljci, masa 1000 semena, sadržaj ulja, visina biljke i prečnik glave. Analizirani su način nasleđivanja, kombinacione sposobnosti, komponente genetičke varijanse sa regresionom analizom, heritabilnost i korelacija između prinosa semena po biljci i ostalih ispitivanih osobina. U nasleđivanju prinosa semena po biljci ispoljile su se superdominacija, dominacija boljeg i lošijeg roditelja, parcijalna dominacija boljeg roditelja i intermedijarnost. Aditivna i neaditivna komponenta bile su od značaja u nasleđivanju prinosa semena po biljci, a dominantni geni su preovlađivali u odnosu na recesivne. Vrednost heritabilnosti ukazala je na velik uticaj spoljašnje sredine u formiranju prinosa semena po biljci. U nasleđivanju mase 1000 semena kao načini nasleđivanja ispoljili su se negativna superdominacija, dominacija boljeg roditelja, parcijalna dominacija lošijeg i boljeg roditelja kao i intermedijarnost. Analize su pokazale da su i aditivna i neaditivna komponenta bile od značaja u nasleđivanju mase 1000 semena. Frekvencija dominantnih gena bila je veća od recesivnih za masu 1000 semena. Utvrđeno je da na formiranje mase 1000 semena velik uticaj imaju faktori spoljašnje sredine. U nasleđivanju sadržaja ulja preovlađivala je superdominacija. Neaditivna komponenta genetičke varijanse imala je značajniju ulogu u nasleđivanju sadržaja ulja, a zastupljenost dominantnih gena bila je veća od recesivnih. Heritabilnost u u, Sunflower is one of the most important oilseed crops in the world and primary source of edible oil in many countries. The main objectives in sunflower breeding are increased seed yield and oil content in seed and thus oil yield per unit area. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to possess appropriate genetic variability, as well as information about inheritance, heterosis, heritability and relationship between seed yield and other characteristics of the plant. Six sunflower varieties were crossed using diallel method. Seed yield per plant, 1000-seed weight, oil content, plant height and head diameter were studied. Analysis included mode of inheritance, combining abilities, components of genetic variance with regression analysis, heritability and correlation between seed yield per plant and other studied traits. The inheritance of seed yield per plant exhibited superdominance, dominance of the better and poorer parent, partial dominance of the better parent and the intermediary. Additive and nonadditive components were important in the inheritance of seed yield per plant and dominant genes prevailed in relation to recessive. Heritability estimates indicated that environment had great effect on seed yield per plant. The mode of inheritance of 1000-seed weight exhibited negative superdominance, dominance of the better parent, partial dominance of poorer and better parent as well as intermediary. Analysis showed that both, additive and nonadditive, components were important in the inheritance of 1000-seed weight. The frequency of dominant genes was higher than recessive for 1000-seed weight. It was found that environmental factors had great influence on the formation of 1000-seed weight. Superdominance was prevailing as a mode of inheritance for oil content. Nonadditive component of genetic variance played a significant role in the inheritance of oil content and the presence of dominant genes was higher than recessive. Estimation of narrow sense heritability indicated
- Published
- 2015
32. Nasleđivanje kvantitativnih osobina kod dialelnih hibrida suncokreta
- Author
-
Jocković, Milan, Prodanović, Slaven, Šurlan-Momirović, Gordana, Pešić, Vladan, Marinković, Radovan, Jocić, Siniša, Jocković, Milan, Jocković, Milan, Prodanović, Slaven, Šurlan-Momirović, Gordana, Pešić, Vladan, Marinković, Radovan, Jocić, Siniša, and Jocković, Milan
- Abstract
Suncokret je jedna od najvažnijih uljanih biljnih vrsta u svetu i u mnogim zemljama primaran izvor jestivog ulja. Osnovni ciljevi u oplemenjivanju suncokreta jesu povećanje prinosa semena i sadržaja ulja u semenu, a preko njih i prinosa ulja po jedinici površine. Za realizacija navedenog cilja neophodno je posedovanje odgovarajuće genetičke varijabilnosti, kao i informacije o načinu nasleđivanja, heterozisu, heritabilnosti i odnosu prinosa semena sa drugim osobinama biljke. Šest sorti suncokreta ukršteno je dialelnom metodom. Ispitivane su osobine prinos semena po biljci, masa 1000 semena, sadržaj ulja, visina biljke i prečnik glave. Analizirani su način nasleđivanja, kombinacione sposobnosti, komponente genetičke varijanse sa regresionom analizom, heritabilnost i korelacija između prinosa semena po biljci i ostalih ispitivanih osobina. U nasleđivanju prinosa semena po biljci ispoljile su se superdominacija, dominacija boljeg i lošijeg roditelja, parcijalna dominacija boljeg roditelja i intermedijarnost. Aditivna i neaditivna komponenta bile su od značaja u nasleđivanju prinosa semena po biljci, a dominantni geni su preovlađivali u odnosu na recesivne. Vrednost heritabilnosti ukazala je na velik uticaj spoljašnje sredine u formiranju prinosa semena po biljci. U nasleđivanju mase 1000 semena kao načini nasleđivanja ispoljili su se negativna superdominacija, dominacija boljeg roditelja, parcijalna dominacija lošijeg i boljeg roditelja kao i intermedijarnost. Analize su pokazale da su i aditivna i neaditivna komponenta bile od značaja u nasleđivanju mase 1000 semena. Frekvencija dominantnih gena bila je veća od recesivnih za masu 1000 semena. Utvrđeno je da na formiranje mase 1000 semena velik uticaj imaju faktori spoljašnje sredine. U nasleđivanju sadržaja ulja preovlađivala je superdominacija. Neaditivna komponenta genetičke varijanse imala je značajniju ulogu u nasleđivanju sadržaja ulja, a zastupljenost dominantnih gena bila je veća od recesivnih. Heritabilnost u u, Sunflower is one of the most important oilseed crops in the world and primary source of edible oil in many countries. The main objectives in sunflower breeding are increased seed yield and oil content in seed and thus oil yield per unit area. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to possess appropriate genetic variability, as well as information about inheritance, heterosis, heritability and relationship between seed yield and other characteristics of the plant. Six sunflower varieties were crossed using diallel method. Seed yield per plant, 1000-seed weight, oil content, plant height and head diameter were studied. Analysis included mode of inheritance, combining abilities, components of genetic variance with regression analysis, heritability and correlation between seed yield per plant and other studied traits. The inheritance of seed yield per plant exhibited superdominance, dominance of the better and poorer parent, partial dominance of the better parent and the intermediary. Additive and nonadditive components were important in the inheritance of seed yield per plant and dominant genes prevailed in relation to recessive. Heritability estimates indicated that environment had great effect on seed yield per plant. The mode of inheritance of 1000-seed weight exhibited negative superdominance, dominance of the better parent, partial dominance of poorer and better parent as well as intermediary. Analysis showed that both, additive and nonadditive, components were important in the inheritance of 1000-seed weight. The frequency of dominant genes was higher than recessive for 1000-seed weight. It was found that environmental factors had great influence on the formation of 1000-seed weight. Superdominance was prevailing as a mode of inheritance for oil content. Nonadditive component of genetic variance played a significant role in the inheritance of oil content and the presence of dominant genes was higher than recessive. Estimation of narrow sense heritability indicated
- Published
- 2015
33. Yazlık kabaklarda (Cucurbita pepo L.) morfolojik ve moleküler yöntemlerle heterotik grupların tespit edilmesi ile verim, erkencilik ve meyve özelliklerinde heterozis
- Author
-
Nacar, Çetin, Sarı, Nebahat, Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, and Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Heterozis ,Heterotic Group ,Ziraat ,Heterotik Grup ,Yazlık Kabak ,Characterization ,Karakterizasyon ,Heterosis ,Agriculture ,Summer Squash - Abstract
TEZ10293 Tez (Doktora) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2014. Kaynakça (s. 381-388) var. xviii, 460 s. : res. (bzs. rnk.), tablo ; 29 cm. Bu çalışma 2012-2013 yıllarında ABKAİM çalışma alanlarında yürütülmüştür. Yazlık kabaklarda 2012 yılında morfolojik ve moleküler karakterizasyon çalışmaları yapılmış, heterotik gruplar oluşturulmuştur. 2013 yılında ilkbahar ve sonbahar yetiştiricilik dönemlerinde olmak üzere iki dönem halinde açık arazide ve örtüaltında heterotik gruplardan oluşturulan melezlerin heterozis durumlarına bakılmıştır. Denemelerde melezlerde ve hatlarda tohum ekiminden itibaren fide ölçümleri, bitki ölçümleri, erkek ve dişi çiçeklerde çiçeklenme zamanları, verim ölçümleri, meyve ölçümleri ve heterozis hesaplamaları yapılmıştır. Fide ölçümlerinde genelde pozitif heterozis görülmüştür. Ancak hipokotil uzunluğunda negatif heterozis belirlenmiştir. Bitki ölçümlerinin tamamında pozitif heterozis görülmüştür. Dişi ve erkek çiçek açma tarihlerinde genelde negatif heterozis görülmüştür. Erkenci ve toplam verimde oldukça yüksek pozitif heterozis belirlenmiştir. Erkenci verimde heterozis ortalamaları % 21.83 ile % 663.14 oranı arasında değişim göstermiştir. Toplam verimde ise heterozis ortalamaları % 27.96 ile % 220.46 arasında değişmiştir. Meyve ölçümlerinin genelinde pozitif heterozis görülmüştür. Meyve çiçek izi büyüklüğünde ise negatif heterozis tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; morfolojik ve moleküler karakterizasyon yöntemlerini kullanarak heterotik grupların oluşturulabileceği ve özellikle erkenci ve toplam verimde yüksek heterozis elde edilebileceği tespit edilmiştir. This study was conducted in the Directorate of AHRS’ production areas in 2012-2013 production periods. Morphological and molecular characterization Works were done in summer squash and heterotic groups were generated in 2012. Heterotic group characteristics were analyzed including in two periods, heterosis of hybrids in the open field and greenhouse in spring and autumn cultivation period in 2013. In trials, seedlings and plant measurements, the time of flowering of male and female flowers, yield trials, fruit measurements and heterosis were calculated beginning from seeding of hybrids and lines. Generally, positive heterosis was shown in seedling parameters. However, negative heterosis in hypocotyl length vere determined. Positive heterosis was occurred in all plant measurements. Male and female flowering dates generally was seen negative heterosis. Fairly high positive heterosis was determined in early and total yield. Average of early yield heterosis ranged between 21.83 % and 663.14 %. Total yield heterosis ranged between from 27.96 % to 220.46 %. The positive heterosis was observed generally in all fruit measurements. Negative heterosis was determined on the fruit flower trace size. As s result; using morphological and molecular characterization methods that can be provided to heterotic groups, high positive heterosis was determined especially in the early and total yield per plant. Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir. Proje No: TAGEM/BBAD/12/A04/P01/01.
- Published
- 2014
34. Procjena neaditivnog genetskog učinka na životne performanse krava kroz 'grading-up' uzgojni program i korištenje holštajn-frizijske pasmine
- Author
-
Zsolt Nemes, Vitomir Vidović, Dragomir Lukač, Ante Ivanković, Goran Grubić, István Komlósi, and András Gáspárdy
- Subjects
fluids and secretions ,animal diseases ,upgrading ,heterosis ,recombination ,milk ,cattle ,pretapanje pasmina ,heterozis ,rekombinacija ,mlijeko ,goveda ,food and beverages - Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the total lifetime milk production and non additive genetic effects (recombination and heterosis) of cows with different proportions of Holstein-Friesian genes, obtained from the Serbian Fleckvieh (SF) and the Holstein-Friesian (HF) crossbreeding program in Vojvodina. Upgrading of local breeds with the Holstein-Friesian breed in Vojvodina started in 1971 and continued 2008. Six genotypes of cows (F1, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5) were obtained with increasing percentage of Holstein genes, in order to attain purebred Holstein cows. Of all obtained genotypes, cows of genotype R4 with a proportion of Holstein genes from 96.87 % had the highest lifetime milk production (20000 kg), followed by cows R3 with 19950 kg (93.75 % HF genes) and cows R5 with 19850 kg (98.44 % HF genes). Finally the process of upgrading resulted in pure Holsteins with 19780 kg of milk. The total lifetime production of milk fat did not show statistically significant difference (P>0.05) among the genotypes R1 - R5 which ranged from 675 to 690 kg. The pure Holstein obtained after sixth intermediate generations had the average lifetime milk fat production of 690 kg. With the increase in the proportion of Holstein-Friesian genes percentage of milk fat was decreased, so that the cows of genotypes R3, R4, R5 and pure Holsteins, had less than 3.5 % milk fat. In relation to the total milk yield, the highest realized heterosis effect was observed in the cows of F1 generation (hRF1=594 kg), while the lowest was observed in generation R2 (hRR2=72 kg), where negative effect of recombination was also found (hIR2=-77 kg). Positive values of the actual and relative of heterosis effect of the milk fat yield was observed in all genotypes, whereas the negative heterosis effect of the milk fat percentage was observed also in all genotypes, with the exception of R1 and R2 cows, in which the typical consequence of the positive recombination in the early crossed Holstein-generations was manifested., Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je prikazati procjenu ukupne životne proizvodnje mlijeka i neaditivan genetski učinak (rekombinacija i heterozis) krava s različitim udjelima gena holštajn-frizijske pasmine, dobivenih pretapanjem domaćeg šarenog goveda (SF) u holštajn-frizijsku pasminu goveda (HF) u Vojvodini. Pretapanje domaće pasmine u holštajn-frizijsku pasminu obuhvatilo je razdoblje od 1971. do 2008. godine, a dobiveno je šest genotipova krava (F1, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5) s različitim udjelom holštajn gena, do dobivanja krava holštajn pasmine. Od svih dobivenih genotipova, krave R4 s udjelom holštajn gena od 96,87 % imale su najveću životnu proizvodnju mlijeka (20.000 kg), zatim slijede krave R3 sa 19.950 kg (93,75 % HF gena) i krave R5 sa 19.850 kg (98,44 % HF gena), da bi na kraju procesa pretapanja dobiveni čisti holštajn imao 19.780 kg mlijeka. U životnoj proizvodnji mliječne masti između dobivenih križanki (R1-R5) nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika (P>0.05) i kretala se od 675 do 690 kg, dok je u usporedbi s roditeljskim čistim pasminama utvrđena statistički značajna razlika (P
- Published
- 2014
35. Kombinacione sposobnosti za prinos zrna i agronomska svojstva ZP inbred linija kukuruza
- Author
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Čamdžija, Zoran F., Prodanović, Slaven, Živanović, Tomislav, Filipović, Milomir, Šurlan-Momirović, Gordana, and Vančetović, Jelena
- Subjects
genetiĉka distancaroditeljskih komponenti ,genetic distance of parent components ,heterosis ,genetiĉka distanca roditeljskih komponenti ,Linija × tester analiza ,kombinacione sposobnosti ,combining ability ,heterozis ,Line × tester analysis - Abstract
U radu je korišćeno 18 inbred linija (15 majki i 3 testera) i njihovih 45 hibrida za ocenu kombinacionih sposobnosti roditelja. 15 majki potiĉe iz tri nedovoljno ispitana genetiĉka izvora (A, B i C), sa po pet linija po izvoru. Testeri potiĉu iz Lankaster heterotiĉne grupe. Materijal je odabran na osnovu pretpostavke da se roditelji dobro kombinuju. Prema duţini vegetacionog perioda celokupan materijal (roditeljske komponente i hibridi) pripada grapama zrenja od FAO 400 do FAO 600. Ogled je izveden tokom 2010. i 2011. godine, na tri lokaliteta Zemun Polje, Školsko dobro i Srbobran. Sva tri lokaliteta predstavljaju duboka i plodna zemljišta-ĉernozem visokog kvaliteta. Sa meterološkog stanovišta, uslovi za proizvodnju kukukurza i izvedbu ogleda su bili povoljni, s tim da su temperature u letnjim mesecima (jul i avgust) dostizale vrednosti od 34oC u 2010. i 39 oC u 2011. godini. Srednje fenotipske vrednosti roditelja i hibrida su korišćene za raĉunanje opštih (OKS) posebnih (PKS) vrednosti za prinos zrna i agronomska svojstva po metodi linija × tester analiza. Na osnovu dobijenih vrednosti OKS i PKS izdvojeni su superiorni genotipovi. MeĊu njima, inbred linije A3, A4, B1 i C3 su se pokazale kao najbolji kombinatori za prinos zrna kao najvaţnije svojstvo. Osim za prinos zrna, isti genotipovi su se pokazali kao odliĉni kombinatori za visinu biljke i visinu gornjeg klipa (A3, A4 i C3), broj redova zrna (B1 i C3) i masu 1000 zrna (C3). Pomenute linije se prvenstveno preporuĉuju za dalji rad u stvaranju F1 hibrida, ali i stvaranju poboljšanih F2 populacija. Osim kombinatora koji se prvenstveno karakterišu dobrim OKS za prinos, otkriveni su i kombinatori sa odliĉnim OKS vrednostima, ali samo za pojedina svojstva. Takve linije se preporuĉuju za dalji rad u programima oplemenjivanja, ali prvenstveno kao donori poţeljnih osobina i popravku populacija. Otkriveni su dobri kombinatori za duţinu klipa (A2, C1 i C5), za broj redova zrna (B3, B4), za broj zrna u redu (C5), za dubinu i masu 1000 zrna (C2)... In this study 18 inbred lines (15 mothers and 3 testers) and their 45 hybrids were used for evaluation of combining ability of parents. 15 mothers from three insufficiently studied genetic sources were chosen (A, B and C), with five lines per source. Testers are representatives of Lancaster heterotic group. The material is chosen on the bases on the assumption that parents combine well. According to the length of the vegetation period, the entire material (parental lines and hybrids) belongs to maturity groups from FAO 400 to FAO 600 The field experiment was conducted during 2010th and 2011 th, at three locations Zemun Polje, Školsko dobro and Srbobran. All three locations are characterised by deep and fertile high quality soil. From meteorological standpoint, the conditions for the maize production and performance of experiments were favorable, with the temperature in the summer months (July and August), reaching values of 34oC in 2010 th and 39 ° C in the 2011 th year. Average phenotypic values of parents and hybrids were used to calculate the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities for grain yield and agronomic traits, using line × tester analysis. Based on the GCA and SCA, superior genotypes were selected. Among them, the inbred lines A3, A4, B1 and C3 have proven to be the best combiners for grain yield as the most important trait. In addition to grain yield, the same genotypes have proved to be excellent combiners for plant height and height of the upper ear (A3, A4, and C3), number of kernel rows (B1 and C3) and 1000 grain weight (C3). Above mentioned lines are primarily recommended for future breeding work in creating F1 hybrids, and creating improved F2 populations. Besides combiners which were primarily characterized by high GCA effects for yield, other combiners have been discovered with excellent GCA values, but only for individual traits. Such lines are recommended for further work in breeding programs, but primarily as donors of desirable traits and repairment of the population...
- Published
- 2014
36. Heterosis in alfalfa breeding
- Author
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Milić, Dragan, Taški-Ajduković, Ksenija, Nagl, Nevena, Katanski, Snežana, and Katić, Slobodan
- Subjects
hybrids ,semi-hybrids ,fungi ,food and beverages ,lucerka ,oplemenjivanje biljaka ,crop yield ,heterozis ,hibridi ,semihibrid ,heterosis ,plant breeding ,prinos useva ,alfalfa - Abstract
The progress of alfalfa breeding has been slow, most notably due to its complex genetic structure (autotetraploidy) and tetrasomic inheritance. Alfalfa breeding programs are based on recurrent phenotypic selection with or without progeny testing. The genetic control of major agronomic traits is determined by both additive gene action (accumulation of frequency of desirable alleles represented by significant general combining ability (GCA) effects, and nonadditive gene action, complementary gene interactions represented by significant specific combining ability (SCA) effects. This type of gene action expression in alfalfa also determines the way in which breeding is carried out and brings about changes in the methods used. It has also given rise to the idea of the semi-hybrid breeding of this crop which involves breeding alfalfas within the population, identification of heterotic germplasm, and the seed production of semi or free hybrid seed. The studies of the relationship between the molecular variability of alfalfa populations and heterosis in their hybrids could contribute to a more precise selection of parental populations to be used for crossing in semi-hybrid alfalfa breeding procedure, aiming to reduce number of necessary crossings and therefore make future alfalfa breeding programs more efficient. Future tasks of alfalfa breeders should be to discover how to translate heterosis from single plants in hybrids planted in dense stand to generate 'yield for free' (capture heterosis) in alfalfa semi hybrids. Napredak u oplemenjivanju lucerke je spor najviše zbog njene složene genetičke strukture (autotetraploidna vrsta), kao i tetrasomičnog načina nasleđivanja. Aktuelni programi oplemenjivanja lucerke se oslanjaju na rekurentnu fenotipsku selekciju sa ili bez primene testova potomstava. Genetička kontrola važnih agronomskih osobina uslovljena je kako aditivnim delovanjem gena akumulacijom frekvencije poželjnih alela predstavljenim u značajnim efektima opštih kombinacionih sposobnosti (OKS) tako i neaditivnim delovanjem gena komplementarnim genskim interakcijama predstavljenim kroz značajne efekte posebnih kombinacionih sposobnosti (PKS). Ovakav način ispoljavanja genskih akcija kod lucerke uslovljava i način oplemenjivanja i promenu u metodama, pa se javlja ideja o semihibridnom oplemenjivanju lucerke. Ovaj koncept podrazumeva oplemenjivanje lucerke u okviru populacije, identifikaciju heterotične germplazme i proizvodnju semena. Istraživanja odnosa između molekularne varijabilnosti kod populacija lucerke i heterozisa kod hibrida nastalih ukrštanjem ovih populacija može doprineti preciznijoj i efikasnijoj selekciji roditeljskih populacija koje će biti korišćene u semihibridnom oplemenjivanju lucerke u cilju smanjivanja broja potrebnih ukrštanja čime se program oplemenjivanja čini značajno efikasnijim. Budući zadatak oplemenjivača lucerke je da se otkrije način iskorišćavanja heterozisa dobijenog na pojedinačnim biljkama i prenese na uslove useva u gustom sklopu i time omogući iskorišćavanje efekata heterozisa u vidu većih prinosa biomase u semihibridima lucerke.
- Published
- 2013
37. Nasljeđivanje porodne mase kod križanaca Istarske, Awassi i Istočnofrizijske ovce
- Author
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Pocrnić, Ivan
- Subjects
Efekti križanja ,Porodna masa ,Ovca ,Inbreeding ,Heterozis - Abstract
Prikupljeni su podaci o 1176 porodnih masa janjadi. Životinje su bili križanci, različitog pasminskog omjera Awassi ovce, Istočnofrizijske ovce, Istarske ovce i Travničke pramenke. Za procjenu utjecaja genetskih efekata na porodnu masu korištena su dva modela. U oba modela korištena je mixed procedura sa slučajnim utjecajem oca te fiksnim efektima spola, godine rođenja, mjeseca rođenja, veličine legla i inbreeding-a jedinke. Prvi model bio je aditivni model koji uz navedene slučajne i fiksne efekte sadrži i aditivni efekt pasmine. Drugi model uz sve navedeno u prvom modelu sadrži i neaditivne efekte heterozisa i rekombinacijskog gubitka. Rezultati su pokazali da spol, veličina legla, godina i mjesec rođenja značajno utječu na porodnu masu u oba modela. Utjecaj inbreeding-a jedinke bio je negativan i značajan samo u drugom modelu. Značajan i pozitivan aditivni efekt pasmine dobiven je za Awassi pasminu u oba modela. Aditivni efekt Istočnofrizijske pasmine pokazao je pozitivan utjecaj u oba modela, ali samo je u prvom bio značajan. Pozitivan i značajan utjecaj heterozis efekta pokazali su križanci Istočnofrizijske ovce i Travničke pramenke, te križanci Travničke pramenke i Istarske ovce. Isti križanci pokazali su značajan i pozitivan efekt rekombinacijskog gubitka. Negativan utjecaj rekombinacijskog efekta su pokazali križanci Awassi ovce. Na temelju aditivnih efekata može se zaključiti da su Awassi i Istočnofrizijska ovca superiornije u odnosu na Istarsku ovcu te pozitivno utječu na povećanje porodne mase. Negativan utjecaj efekta rekombinacijskog gubitka križanaca sa udjelom Awassi pasmine bi mogao biti posljedica pucanja povoljnih epistatičkih kombinacija gena vezanih uz adaptaciju, koji su bili prisutni u roditeljskoj populaciji Awassi ovaca u izvornoj okolini.
- Published
- 2012
38. Procjena heterozisa za prinos zelene mase lucerne
- Author
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Popović, Svetislav, Tucak, Marijana, Čupić, Tihomir, Gantner, Ranko, Meglič, Vladimir, and M, Pospišil
- Subjects
lucerna ,heterozis ,prinos ,dialelno križanje ,oplemenjivanje - Abstract
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti heterozis za prinos zelene mase lucerne u F1 populacijama. U 2007. godini provedena su dialelna križanja između sorti/populacija u svim kombinacijama. Tijekom dvogodišnjeg razdoblja devet roditelja i njihovih 36 F1 križanaca ispitivano je kroz osam otkosa. Kombinacije križanja u kojima su kao roditelji korištene hrvatska i argentinska populacija te američka i australijska sorta imale su najveći prinos zelene mase te značajne pozitivne vrijednosti heterozisa. Navedene roditeljske germplazme predstavljaju potencijalne heterotične grupe te bi njihovo korištenje tijekom selekcijskog procesa u okviru našeg oplemenjivačkog programa moglo voditi do daljnjeg povećanja prinosa lucerne.
- Published
- 2011
39. The analysis of specific combining ability and heterosis in tomato
- Author
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Živanović, Tomislav, Prodanović, Slaven, Šurlan-Momirović, Gordana, Djordjević, Radiša, Zdravković, Jasmina, and Zečević, Bogoljub
- Subjects
kombinaciona sposobnost ,paradajz ,heterozis ,svojstva - Abstract
Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that the analysis of variance showed highly significant differences between genotypes for all traits except a pericarp thickness, which is the proof that the divergent breeding material was included into selection. Parental genotypes had higher average values than the mean for all hybrid traits. The analysis of heterosis and specific combining abilities (SCA) and heterosis effects based on seven yield components that were observed in this study and tested on six parental genotypes and their fifteen diallel hybrids showed a relatively rare occurrence of high heterosis and specific combining ability values. The highest and statistically significant value of specific combining abilities for fruit weight per plant was recorded in the hybrid BC-01 x NA-11 (688.94). For the majority of traits, the hybrid SM-34 x LE-16 had high, positive and significant combining abilities, and can be considered to be the two best parental genotypes combined. Based on said above, it can be concluded that there is no a good general combiner in the breeding material, because poor general combiners can also produce high values of specific combining abilities, which is probably a consequence of the additive type (additive x additive) of the interaction between the parents. It is desirable that parental genotypes are divergent genotypes. Only crossing of yielding lines can result in yielding progenies, while hybridisation of divergent genotypes may result in desirable recombination of genes for the improvement in later generations. Combining abilities and heterosis should be tested for each individual case. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se za sedam komponenti prinosa (dužina i širina ploda, debljina perikarpa ploda, broj komora ploda, broj plodova po biljci, masa ploda i masa plodova po biljci) izvrši analiza posebnih kombinacionih sposobnosti i heterozisa u odnosu na boljeg roditelja na bazi srednjih vrednosti roditelja i njihovih dijalelnioh hibrida. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata istraživanja može se zaključiti da na varijabilnost ovih osobina utiče genotip. Roditeljski genotipovi su ispoljili veće prosečne vrednosti za ova svojstva u odnosu na svoje hibride. Najveću i statistički značajniju vrednost posebnih kombinacionih sposobnosti za masu ploda po biljci imao je hibrid BC-01 x NA-11 (688,94). Hibrid SM-34 x LE-16 je imao za većinu svojstava visoke i pozitivne i značajne kombinacione sposobnosti, te se može smatrati da se ova dva roditeljska genotipa najbolje kombinuju. Visoke i značajne vrednosti heterozisa za masu ploda po biljci imali su hibridi BC-01 x NA-11, RU-14 x NA-11 i SM-34 x LE-16. Iz napred navedenog se može posredno zaključiti da u selekcionom materijalu ne postoji genotip koji je dobar opšti kombinator, jer visoke vrednosti posebnih kombinacionih sposbnosti mogu dati i loši opšti kombinatori, što je verovatno posledica delovanja aditivnog tipa (aditivni x aditivni) interakcije među roditeljima. Poželjno je da roditeljski parovi budu divergentni genotipovi. Ukrštanjem samo rodnih linija mogu se dobiti rodniji potomci, a hibridizacijom divergentnih genotipova mogu se očekivati poželjne rekombinacije gena za oplemenjivanje u kasnijim generacijama. Kombinacione sposobnosti i heterozis bi trebalo proveravati za svaki konkretni slučaj.
- Published
- 2011
40. Kombinacione sposobnosti za prinos zrna i agronomska svojstva ZP inbred linija kukuruza
- Author
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Čamdžija, Zoran, Prodanović, Slaven, Živanović, Tomislav, Filipović, Milomir, Šurlan-Momirović, Gordana, Vančetović, Jelena, Čamdžija, Zoran, Čamdžija, Zoran, Prodanović, Slaven, Živanović, Tomislav, Filipović, Milomir, Šurlan-Momirović, Gordana, Vančetović, Jelena, and Čamdžija, Zoran
- Abstract
U radu je korišćeno 18 inbred linija (15 majki i 3 testera) i njihovih 45 hibrida zaocenu kombinacionih sposobnosti roditelja. 15 majki potiĉe iz tri nedovoljno ispitanagenetiĉka izvora (A, B i C), sa po pet linija po izvoru. Testeri potiĉu iz Lankasterheterotiĉne grupe. Materijal je odabran na osnovu pretpostavke da se roditelji dobrokombinuju. Prema duţini vegetacionog perioda celokupan materijal (roditeljskekomponente i hibridi) pripada grapama zrenja od FAO 400 do FAO 600. Ogled je izvedentokom 2010. i 2011. godine, na tri lokaliteta Zemun Polje, Školsko dobro i Srbobran. Svatri lokaliteta predstavljaju duboka i plodna zemljišta-ĉernozem visokog kvaliteta. Sameterološkog stanovišta, uslovi za proizvodnju kukukurza i izvedbu ogleda su bili povoljni,s tim da su temperature u letnjim mesecima (jul i avgust) dostizale vrednosti od 34oC u2010. i 39 oC u 2011. godini.Srednje fenotipske vrednosti roditelja i hibrida su korišćene za raĉunanje opštih(OKS) posebnih (PKS) vrednosti za prinos zrna i agronomska svojstva po metodi linija ×tester analiza. Na osnovu dobijenih vrednosti OKS i PKS izdvojeni su superiornigenotipovi. MeĊu njima, inbred linije A3, A4, B1 i C3 su se pokazale kao najboljikombinatori za prinos zrna kao najvaţnije svojstvo. Osim za prinos zrna, isti genotipovi suse pokazali kao odliĉni kombinatori za visinu biljke i visinu gornjeg klipa (A3, A4 i C3),broj redova zrna (B1 i C3) i masu 1000 zrna (C3). Pomenute linije se prvenstvenopreporuĉuju za dalji rad u stvaranju F1 hibrida, ali i stvaranju poboljšanih F2 populacija.Osim kombinatora koji se prvenstveno karakterišu dobrim OKS za prinos, otkrivenisu i kombinatori sa odliĉnim OKS vrednostima, ali samo za pojedina svojstva. Takve linijese preporuĉuju za dalji rad u programima oplemenjivanja, ali prvenstveno kao donoripoţeljnih osobina i popravku populacija. Otkriveni su dobri kombinatori za duţinu klipa(A2, C1 i C5), za broj redova zrna (B3, B4), za broj zrna u redu (C5), za dubinu i masu1000 zrna (C2)..., In this study 18 inbred lines (15 mothers and 3 testers) and their 45 hybrids were usedfor evaluation of combining ability of parents. 15 mothers from three insufficiently studiedgenetic sources were chosen (A, B and C), with five lines per source. Testers arerepresentatives of Lancaster heterotic group. The material is chosen on the bases on theassumption that parents combine well. According to the length of the vegetation period, theentire material (parental lines and hybrids) belongs to maturity groups from FAO 400 toFAO 600 The field experiment was conducted during 2010th and 2011 th, at three locationsZemun Polje, Školsko dobro and Srbobran. All three locations are characterised by deepand fertile high quality soil. From meteorological standpoint, the conditions for the maizeproduction and performance of experiments were favorable, with the temperature in thesummer months (July and August), reaching values of 34oC in 2010 th and 39 ° C in the2011 th year.Average phenotypic values of parents and hybrids were used to calculate the general(GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities for grain yield and agronomic traits, usingline × tester analysis. Based on the GCA and SCA, superior genotypes were selected.Among them, the inbred lines A3, A4, B1 and C3 have proven to be the best combiners forgrain yield as the most important trait. In addition to grain yield, the same genotypes haveproved to be excellent combiners for plant height and height of the upper ear (A3, A4, andC3), number of kernel rows (B1 and C3) and 1000 grain weight (C3). Above mentionedlines are primarily recommended for future breeding work in creating F1 hybrids, andcreating improved F2 populations.Besides combiners which were primarily characterized by high GCA effects for yield,other combiners have been discovered with excellent GCA values, but only for individualtraits. Such lines are recommended for further work in breeding programs, but primarily asdonors of desirable traits and repairment of
- Published
- 2014
41. Kombinacione sposobnosti za prinos zrna i agronomska svojstva ZP inbred linija kukuruza
- Author
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Prodanović, Slaven, Živanović, Tomislav, Filipović, Milomir, Šurlan-Momirović, Gordana, Vančetović, Jelena, Čamdžija, Zoran F., Prodanović, Slaven, Živanović, Tomislav, Filipović, Milomir, Šurlan-Momirović, Gordana, Vančetović, Jelena, and Čamdžija, Zoran F.
- Abstract
U radu je korišćeno 18 inbred linija (15 majki i 3 testera) i njihovih 45 hibrida za ocenu kombinacionih sposobnosti roditelja. 15 majki potiĉe iz tri nedovoljno ispitana genetiĉka izvora (A, B i C), sa po pet linija po izvoru. Testeri potiĉu iz Lankaster heterotiĉne grupe. Materijal je odabran na osnovu pretpostavke da se roditelji dobro kombinuju. Prema duţini vegetacionog perioda celokupan materijal (roditeljske komponente i hibridi) pripada grapama zrenja od FAO 400 do FAO 600. Ogled je izveden tokom 2010. i 2011. godine, na tri lokaliteta Zemun Polje, Školsko dobro i Srbobran. Sva tri lokaliteta predstavljaju duboka i plodna zemljišta-ĉernozem visokog kvaliteta. Sa meterološkog stanovišta, uslovi za proizvodnju kukukurza i izvedbu ogleda su bili povoljni, s tim da su temperature u letnjim mesecima (jul i avgust) dostizale vrednosti od 34oC u 2010. i 39 oC u 2011. godini. Srednje fenotipske vrednosti roditelja i hibrida su korišćene za raĉunanje opštih (OKS) posebnih (PKS) vrednosti za prinos zrna i agronomska svojstva po metodi linija × tester analiza. Na osnovu dobijenih vrednosti OKS i PKS izdvojeni su superiorni genotipovi. MeĊu njima, inbred linije A3, A4, B1 i C3 su se pokazale kao najbolji kombinatori za prinos zrna kao najvaţnije svojstvo. Osim za prinos zrna, isti genotipovi su se pokazali kao odliĉni kombinatori za visinu biljke i visinu gornjeg klipa (A3, A4 i C3), broj redova zrna (B1 i C3) i masu 1000 zrna (C3). Pomenute linije se prvenstveno preporuĉuju za dalji rad u stvaranju F1 hibrida, ali i stvaranju poboljšanih F2 populacija. Osim kombinatora koji se prvenstveno karakterišu dobrim OKS za prinos, otkriveni su i kombinatori sa odliĉnim OKS vrednostima, ali samo za pojedina svojstva. Takve linije se preporuĉuju za dalji rad u programima oplemenjivanja, ali prvenstveno kao donori poţeljnih osobina i popravku populacija. Otkriveni su dobri kombinatori za duţinu klipa (A2, C1 i C5), za broj redova zrna (B3, B4), za broj zrna u redu (C5), za dubinu, In this study 18 inbred lines (15 mothers and 3 testers) and their 45 hybrids were used for evaluation of combining ability of parents. 15 mothers from three insufficiently studied genetic sources were chosen (A, B and C), with five lines per source. Testers are representatives of Lancaster heterotic group. The material is chosen on the bases on the assumption that parents combine well. According to the length of the vegetation period, the entire material (parental lines and hybrids) belongs to maturity groups from FAO 400 to FAO 600 The field experiment was conducted during 2010th and 2011 th, at three locations Zemun Polje, Školsko dobro and Srbobran. All three locations are characterised by deep and fertile high quality soil. From meteorological standpoint, the conditions for the maize production and performance of experiments were favorable, with the temperature in the summer months (July and August), reaching values of 34oC in 2010 th and 39 ° C in the 2011 th year. Average phenotypic values of parents and hybrids were used to calculate the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities for grain yield and agronomic traits, using line × tester analysis. Based on the GCA and SCA, superior genotypes were selected. Among them, the inbred lines A3, A4, B1 and C3 have proven to be the best combiners for grain yield as the most important trait. In addition to grain yield, the same genotypes have proved to be excellent combiners for plant height and height of the upper ear (A3, A4, and C3), number of kernel rows (B1 and C3) and 1000 grain weight (C3). Above mentioned lines are primarily recommended for future breeding work in creating F1 hybrids, and creating improved F2 populations. Besides combiners which were primarily characterized by high GCA effects for yield, other combiners have been discovered with excellent GCA values, but only for individual traits. Such lines are recommended for further work in breeding programs, but primarily as donors of desirable
- Published
- 2014
42. Effects of heterosis for yield and yield components obtained by crossing divergent alfalfa populations
- Author
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Katić Slobodan, Milić Dragan, Mihailović Vojislav, Vasiljević Sanja, and Karagić Đura
- Subjects
lcsh:Biotechnology ,lucerka ,regrowth ,lcsh:Plant culture ,yield ,heterozis ,lcsh:TP248.13-248.65 ,visina ,heterosis ,lcsh:SB1-1110 ,prinos ,alfalfa ,height ,porast - Abstract
When breeding alfalfa for yield performance, it is necessary to use high-yielding parents obtained by different breeding methods. The assumption at the onset of this research was that crossing highest-yielding domestic cultivars with divergent populations from geographically distant breeding centers could result in the expression of heterotic effects in their hybrids contributing to increased alfalfa yield. The objective of this study was to determine yield and yield components and heterotic effects in hybrid progenies obtained by crossing the domestic cultivars NS Banat ZMS II and NS Mediana ZMS V with the cultivars Pella, Dolichi and Hyliki from Greece, UMSS 2001 from Bolivia and Jogeva 118 from Estonia in two series. The field trial planted in 2006, included 13 F1 hybrids and 6 of 7 initial parents in both series. Heterotic effects for yields of forage and hay were observed in 4 combinations (C NS Banat ZMS II x E Hyliki; C NS Banat ZMS II x E UMSS 2001; C NS Mediana ZMS V x E Hyliki; C NS Mediana ZMS V x E Dolichi). The populations that exhibited heterosis in a set of crossings are recommended for use as parent components for development of high-yielding synthetic alfalfa cultivars. Za oplemenjivanje lucerke na prinos neophodno je koristiti superiorne roditelje, odnosno visokoprinosne populacije dobijene različitim metodama oplemenjivanja. Pretpostavka je bila da bi se ukrštanjem domaćih najprinosnijih sorti sa divergentnim populacijama iz geografski udaljenih centara, moglo doprineti ispoljavanju efekata heterozisa kod njihovih hibrida i povećanju prinosa lucerke. Cilj rada je bilo utvrđivanje prinosa i komponenti prinosa i heterotičnih efekata na hibridnim potomstvima dobijenim ukrštanjem sorti NS Banat ZMS II i NS Mediana ZMS V sa grčkim sortama Pella, Dolichi i Hyliki, bolivijskom UMSS 2001 i estonskom sortom Jogeva 118, u dve serije. Poljski ogled je posejan 2006. a uključivao je 13 F1 hibrida i 6 ili 7 roditelja. Efekti heterozisa za prinos krme i sena ispoljeni su kod 4 kombinacije (C NS Banat ZMS II x Hyliki i C NS Banat ZMS II x E UMSS 2001, i C NS Mediana ZMS V x E Hyliki i C NS Mediana ZMS V x E Dolichi). Populacije koje su se u seriji ukrštanja ocenile i ispoljile heterozis trebalo bi koristiti kao roditeljske komponente u stvaranju sintetičkih visokoprinosnih sorti lucerke.
- Published
- 2010
43. Significance of combining abilities and heterosis for grain yield of maize
- Author
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Živanović, Tomislav, Radanović, Slavko, Todorović, Goran, Sečanski, Mile, Vasiljević, Sanja, and Djordjević, Radiša
- Subjects
combining abilities ,grain yield ,heterosis ,prinos zrna kukuruza ,maize ,kombinacione sposobnosti ,heterozis - Abstract
The estimation of variability of five maize inbred lines and their diallel hybrids related to the grain yield, superior-parent heterosis and general and specific combining abilities after the method developed by Griffing, (1956a) (Method I, mathematical model I) was the aim of this study. According to obtained results it can be concluded that the variability of this trait is significantly affected by a genotype, year and a genotype x year interaction. Since the depression of the ear length occurs in inbreds in inbreeding, this trait was greater in hybrids than inbreds, as expected. The highest average heterosis for the grain yield was determined in the hybrids F-7R x NS-1445 (157,38% in 2005.) and F-7R x BL-47 (114.23% in 2006). The analysis of variance of combining abilities for the grain yield pointed out to highly significantly positive values of GCA and SCA for the observed trait in both years of investigation. Non-additive genes (dominance and epistasis) had the significant importance for grain yield heritability, indicating that the GCA to SCA ratio was bellow 1. The inbreds F-7R and NS-1445 were genotypes with the highest GCA effects, while hybrid combinations NS-1445 x BL-47, F-7RxW-37A, F-7RxNS-1445 were population with significant SCA effects in both years of investigation. They encompass both parents with high GCA effects or one parent with high GCA effects and other with low GCA effects. This is probably a result of additive gene effects (additive x additive) of the interaction between parents. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se za prinos zrna kukuruza procene: varijabilnost inbred linija i njihovih dialelnih hibrida, heterozis u odnosu na boljeg roditelja i opšte i posebne kombinacione sposobnosti. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata dvogodišnjeg istraživanja može se zaključiti da na varijabilnost ove osobine značajno utiču genotip, godina i njihova interakcija. Kao posledica fenomena heterozisa i depresije usled inbridinga, hibridi su u odnosu na linije u obe godine imali značajno veće srednje vrijednosti za prinos. Ispitivani genotipovi su specifično reagovali na uslove proizvodnje za prinos. Najveći prosečan prinos zrna imao je hibrid F-7R x NS-1445 u 2005. i njegova recipročna verzija u 2006. godini. Ustanovljene su značajne vrednosti OKS i PKS kod prinosa zrna. Odnos između OKS i PKS, pokazuje da dominantno delovanje gena ima preovlađujuću ulogu u nasleđivanju prinosa zrna. Najbolju OKS za prinos zrna pokazala je linija NS- 1445. Najveću vrednost PKS za prinos zrna pokazao je hibrid NS-1445 x BL-47 u obe godine. To je dokaz da pojedine hibridne kombinacije koje uključuju jednog roditelja sa dobrim OKS i drugog roditelja sa lošim OKS, mogu imati izuzetno vredne performanse. Ovo je verovatno posledica delovanja aditivnog tipa (aditivni x aditivni) interakcije među roditeljima. Ustanovljeno je da recipročno ukrštanje utiče na efekat PKS za prinos zrna, jer osim nuklearnih gena i plazma geni imaju važnu ulogu u nasleđivanju prinosa kukuruza. Najveću razliku u vrijednosti PKS za prinos zrna između direktnog i recipročnog ukrštanja ispoljio je hibrid F-7R x BL-47 u obe godine proučavanja. Pri tome su značajno veći prinosi ostvareni korišćenjem linije F-7R na poziciji majke umjesto oca.
- Published
- 2010
44. Use of hybridization (F1) in forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) breeding
- Author
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Pataki Imre, Katić Slobodan, Mihailović Vojislav, Milić Dragan, Vasiljević Sanja, and Mikić Aleksandar
- Subjects
hybrid ,lcsh:Biotechnology ,sirak ,sudanska trava ,lcsh:Plant culture ,yield ,heterozis ,kvalitet ,hibrid ,quality ,lcsh:TP248.13-248.65 ,heterosis ,lcsh:SB1-1110 ,sorghum ,prinos ,Sudan grass - Abstract
In plants with bisexual flowers, the development of hybrids and F1 seed production is only possible by using cytoplasmatic male sterility. The discovery of such sterility and the maintainers has made it possible to utilize the phenomenon of heterosis to improve yields and yield components in forage sorghum. It has been shown that the best way to develop forage sorghum hybrids is to cross grain sorghum as the female parent and Sudan grass as the male. The objective of this study was to develop a forage sorghum hybrid for the production of green matter to be used either fresh or for silage. The sorghum hybrid developed in these efforts (Siloking) is intended for multiple cutting, as the basal nodes produce buds and regrowth takes place. The performance of the new hybrid with respect to yield and quality was compared to that of the forage sorghum cultivar NS Džin. In a two-year study conducted under different growing conditions in four locations, Siloking produced an average green matter yield of 86.29 t ha-1 (two cuts), a dry matter yield of 25.34 t ha-1, and a crude protein content of 11.85 %. Siloking outperformed NS Džin in terms of yield and quality. Kod biljaka sa dvopolnim cvetom stvaranje hibrida i proizvodnja F1 semena jedino je moguća korišćenjem citoplazmatske-genetske muške sterilnosti. Otkrićem muške sterilnosti i održivača omogućeno je iskorišćavanje efekta heterozisa prvenstveno na prinos i komponente prinosa kod krmnog sirka. Za stvaranje hibrida krmnog sirka najbolje su se pokazala ukrštanja sirka za zrno (majka hibrida) i sudanske trave (otac hibrida). Cilj rada je bilo stvaranje hibrida krmnog sirka za proizvodnju zelene mase, koja će se koristiti u svežem stanju ili za siliranje. Stvoreni hibridni sirak (Siloking) je višeotkosni jer se iz čvora bokorenja razvijaju pupoljci, odnosno bočni izdanci i regeneriše se. Dobijeni rezultati o prinosu i kvalitetu upoređivani su sa rezultatima sorte krmnog sirka NS Džin. U dvogodišnjem ispitivanju u različitim agroekološkim uslovima na četiri lokaliteta, Siloking je ostvario prosečan prinos zelene mase iz dva otkosa 86,29 t ha-1, i prinos suve materije 25,34 t ha-1, sadržaj sirovih proteina bio je 11,85 %. Po prinosu i kvalitetu hibridni sirak Siloking je bio bolji od sorte krmnog sirka NS Džin.
- Published
- 2010
45. Heterozis i heterobeltiozis za komponente uroda zrna soje
- Author
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Sudarić, Aleksandra, Vratarić, Marija, Volenik, Mirna, Matoša, Maja, and Duvnjak, Vinko
- Subjects
soja ,heterozis ,heterobeltiozis ,komponente uroda zrna ,oplemenjivanje - Abstract
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti heterozis i heterobeltiozis za četiri komponente uroda zrna soje te usporediti vrijednosti svojstava F1 hibrida. Pozitivni heterozis i heterobeltiozis procijenjen je za broj mahuna po biljci (18, 75% ; 7, 9%), broj zrna po biljci (16, 14% ; 3, 98%) te za masu zrna po biljci (25, 72% ; 11, 87%. Za žetveni indeks po biljci dobiven je niski pozitivni heterozis (6, 62%) i negativni heterobeltiozis (-1, 08%). Kombinacije križanja koje se odlikuju visokim prosječnim vrijednostima i pozitivnim procjenama heterozisa za većinu analiziranih svojstava (Ika x Vita, podravka 95 x Ika, Ika x OS-1212-05)su populacije iz kojih se očekuje izbor novih superiornih linija. U cjelini, dobiveni rezultati ovog istraživanja doprinjetće učinkovitosti oplemenjivačkog postupka u povećanju genetskog potencijala rodnosti domaće germplazme soje.
- Published
- 2009
46. Hibrit kavun (Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis) ıslahında tekli, üçlü ve çift melezlerde heterozis üzerinde araştırmalar
- Author
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Yılmaz, Nihat, Sarı, Nebahat, Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, and Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Heterozis ,Ziraat ,Heterosis ,Agriculture ,Hibrit Kavun Islahı ,Heterobeltiosis ,SSR ,Hybrid Melon Breeding - Abstract
Araştırmanın kantitatif heterozis çalışmaları 2007 ve 2008 yıllarında, ilkbahar üretim döneminde açık tarla yetiştiriciliği şeklinde, moleküler çalışmalar ise, 2008-2009 yıllarında moleküler biyoloji laboratuvarında yürütülmüştür. Kavunda tekli, üçlü ve çift melezlerin ebeveynleri ile moleküler olarak kıyaslanması, ayrıca kantitatif özelliklerinin belirlenmesi için iki, üç ve dört ebeveynli melezlemeler sonucu elde edilmiş olan 53 hibrit genotip, bu hibritlerde ebeveyn olarak kullanılan 6 adet safhat ile Galia F1 hibrit çeşidi şahit olarak kullanılmıştır.Denemede genotiplerde, tohum ekimini takiben tohum çıkış gözlemleri ve çıkış ile birlikte kotiledon ve hipokotil uzunluğu ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra, ilk gerçek yaprak çıkış zamanı, bitki boyu, ana gövde çapı, boğum sayıları ölçümleri, ilk dişi çiçek açma zamanları, erkenci ve toplam verimler, meyve ağırlığı, meyve çapı, meyve yüksekliği, meyve et kalınlığı, meyve kabuk kalınlığı, çekirdek evi çapı, çekirdek evi yüksekliği, meyve et randımanı, suda çözünebilir kuru madde (SÇKM) gibi pomolojik analizler yapılmış ve farklılıkları belirlemek için heterozis ve heterobeltiosis hesaplamaları gerçekleştirilmiştir.Araştırma bulgularına göre, en yüksek heterozis ve heterobeltiosis değeri erkenci verimde, tekli melez grubuna ait ÖK-58 (G22 X C1) genotipinden (heteroziste % 184.55, heterobeltiosiste ise % 184.23) sağlanmıştır. Aynı zamanda hem toplam verimde hem de erkenci verimde tekli melez grubun üstünlüğü ortaya çıkmıştır. Tekli melez grup, erken dişi çiçek açma süresi ile erkenciliği artırırken, meyve ağırlığı, meyve yüksekliği, meyve çapı, çekirdek evi açısından da daha iyi performans göstermiştir.Moleküler çalışmalarda ise, 55 adet SSR primeri taranmış ve tarama sonrasında polimorfik olan primerler ile tekli, üçlü ve çift melezlerin ebeveynleri moleküler olarak kıyaslanmıştır. SSR primer taramasında kullanılan 55 primerden 8 adedi polimorfik bulunmuş ve SSR analizleri sonucu elde edilen dendogramda benzerlik oranı 0.54-1.00 arasında değişmiştir. Quantitative work of the research was conducted during 2007-2008 spring cultivation season in open field conditions. Also, molecular part of the study was conducted during the 2008-2009 years in molecular biology laboratory. In order to determine the quantitative characteristics of 53 hybrid melon genotypes which are obtained by double, triple and quadruple hybridization, and to molecularly compare the parent material of melons of single, triple and double hybrids, and pure lines used as parental material and Galia F1 hybrid were used as control group.In this research, emergence was monitored and lengths of the cotyledons and hypocotyl were measured following the seed sowing. Besides, the appearance of first true leaves, plant height, main stem diameter, node number, first opening of female flower which is important in early bearing, total and early yields, fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit height, fruit flesh thickness, fruit skin thickness, seed cavity diameter, seed cavity height, fruit flesh efficiency, total soluble solids (TSS) were determined. Also heterosis and heterobeltiosis rates were calculated.According to the results, the highest heterobeltiosis (184.23 %) and heterosis (184.55 %) rates was produced by OK-58 (G22 X C1) genotypes belonged to the single hybrid group in early yield. At the same time, superiority of single hybrid group was observed in both in total and early yield. Single cross increased the earliness due to early flowering and this cross was showed better performance for fruit weight, diameter and seed cavity.In molecular studies, 55 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers were screened and after screening Polymorphic SSR primer with the primer single, triple and double as a molecular hybridization of the parents were compared. SSR primers used in the screening of 55 primers, eight of the 55 SSR primers were found polymorphic. Smilarity rate was found between 0.54-1.00 in the dendogram which is obtained by the results of SSR analysis. 259
- Published
- 2009
47. PROCJENA HETEROZISA ZA VAŽNA KVANTITATIVNA SVOJSTVA U KRIŽANJIMA OZIME PŠENICE (Triticum aestivum L.)
- Author
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Marijana Barić, Ivanka Habuš Jerčić, Snježana Kereša, and Hrvoje Šarčević
- Subjects
heterosis ,heterobeltiosis ,quantitative traits ,wheat ,heterozis ,kvantitativna svojstva ,pšenica - Abstract
Deset genotipova ozime pšenice iz različitih oplemenjivačkih programa korišteni su kao roditelji za kombinacije križanja. Analizirano je 13 F1 generacija iz kombinacija križanja. Procijenjen je heterozis (Hs) i heterobeltiozis (Hbs ) za pet kvantitativnih svojsatva (masa1000 zrna, masa i broj zrna u klasu, duljina klasa i broj klasića u klasu). Pozitivni heterozis (Hs, Hbs) u F1 generaciji (prosjek svih kombinacija križanja) utvrđen je za masu zrna po klasu (13.45; 4.94 %) i masu 1000 zrna (12.86; 5.50 %), a negativni za broj zrna u klasu (-2.42; -7.57 %). U kombinaciji križanja Edita x Magdalen utvrđen je visoki heterozis (Hs) za masu zrna u klasu i masu 1000 zrna (48.6; 42.44 %). Pozitivni heterozis procijenjen je u križanjima Mihelca x Kuna i Magdalen x Edita za veći broj svojstava. Kombinacije križanja u kojima je utvrđena visoka srednja vrijednost i procijenjen pozitivni heterozis za veći broj svojstava su populacije iz kojih se očekuje izbor linija s poželjnim svojstvima., Ten winter wheat genotypes from different breeding programs were used as parents for cross combinations. Thirteen F1 generations from cross combinations were analysed. Heterosis (Hs) and heterobeltiosis (Hbs) were evaluated for five quantitative traits (1000 grain weight, grain weight and grain number per spike, spike length, number of spikelets per spike). Positive heterosis (Hs, Hbs) in F1 generation (average for all cross combinations) was found for grain weight per spike (13.45 ; 4.94 %) and 1000 grain weight (12.86 ; 5.50 %), and negative heterosis for grain number per spike (-2.42 ; -7.57 %). For cross combination Edita x Magdalen high positive heterosis (Hs) for grain weight per spike (48.60 %) and 1000 grain weight (42.44 %) was established. Positive heterosis for several traits was also evaluated in cross combinations Mihelca x Kuna and Magdalen x Edita. Populations from cross combinations in which high average values and positive heterosis for several traits were found are those from which selection of lines with desirable traits are expected.
- Published
- 2008
48. Procjena heterozisa za važna kvantitativna svojstva u križanjima ozime pšenice (Triticum aestivum L.)
- Author
-
Barić, Marijana, Habuš Jerčić, Ivanka, Kereša, Snježana, and Šarčević, Hrvoje
- Subjects
heterozis ,heterobeltiosis ,kvantitativna svojstva ,pšenica - Abstract
Deset genotipova ozime pšenice iz različitih oplemenjivačkih programa korišteni su kao roditelji za kombinacije križanja. Analizirano je 13 F1 generacija iz kombinacija križanja. Procijenjen je heterozis (Hs) i heterobeltiozis (Hbs ) za pet kvantitativnih svojsatva (masa1000 zrna, masa i broj zrna u klasu, duljina klasa i broj klasića u klasu). Pozitivni heterozis (Hs, Hbs) u F1 generaciji (prosjek svih kombinacija križanja) utvrđen je za masu zrna po klasu (13.45 ; 4.94 %) i masu 1000 zrna (12.86 ; 5.50 %), a negativni za broj zrna u klasu (-2.42 ; -7.57 %). U kombinaciji križanja Edita x Magdalen utvrđen je visoki heterozis (Hs) za masu zrna u klasu i masu 1000 zrna (48.6 ; 42.44 %). Pozitivni heterozis procijenjen je u križanjima Mihelca x Kuna i Magdalen x Edita za veći broj svojstava.Kombinacije križanja u kojima je utvrđena visoka srednja vrijednost i procijenjen pozitivni heterozis za veći broj svojstava su populacije iz kojih se očekuje izbor linija s poželjnim svojstvima.
- Published
- 2008
49. Kombinacione sposobnosti i komponente varijanse visine biljke do klipa silažnog kukuruza
- Author
-
Sečanski, Mile and Živanović, Tomislav
- Subjects
lcsh:Biotechnology ,lcsh:S1-972 ,heterozis ,visina biljke do klipa ,ear height ,lcsh:TP248.13-248.65 ,heterosis ,components of genetic variance ,combining ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,silage maize ,silažni kukuruz ,kombinacione sposobnosti ,komponente genetičke varijanse - Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the following parameters for the ear height of silage maize: variability of inbred lines and their diallel hybrids, superior-parent heterosis, components of genetic variability, heritability and combining ability on the basis of a diallel set. The two-year four-replicate trail was set up according to the randomized block design in the location of Zemun Polje. The analysis of components of genetic variance for ear height indicates that the additive components (D) were lower than dominant components (H1 and H2) of genetic variance, while the frequency of dominant (u) and recessive genes (v) for this observed trait shows that dominant genes prevailed. The results of the Vr/Wr regression analysis point out to superdominance of ear height inheritance. The analysis of variance of combining abilities shows that there were highly significantly positive values of GCA and SCA for ear height in both years of investigation. Non-additive gene effects played an important role in inheritance of this trait, which was illustrated by the GCS to SCA ratio lt 1. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se za visinu biljke do klipa silažnog kukuruza procene: varijabilnost inbred linija i njihovih dialelnih hibrida, heterozis u odnosu na boljeg roditelja, komponente genetičke varijabilnosti, heritabilnosti i kombinacione sposobnosti na bazi dialelnog seta. Ogled je postavljen po slučajnom blok sistemu u četiri ponavljanja tokom dve godine na lokaciji Zemun Polje. Analiza komponenti genetičke varijanse za visinu biljke do klipa pokazuje da je aditivna komponenta (D) bila manja od dominantne (H1 i H2) genetičke varijanse, a frekvencija dominantnih gena (u) i recesivnih gena (v) za ovu ispitivanu osobinu ukazuju da dominantni geni preovlađuju nad recesivnim. Rezultati Vr/Wr regresione analize ukazuju na superdominaciju u nasleđivanju visine biljke do klipa. Analiza varijanse kombinacionih sposobnosti za visinu biljke do klipa je pokazala da postoje visoko značajne vrednosti OKS i PKS. Za nasleđivanje visine biljke ko klipa utvrđen je veći značaj neaditivnih gena (dominacije i epistaze) što pokazuje odnos OKS/PKS lt 1. Kod hibridnih kombinacija sa dobrim PKS koje uključuju roditelje sa lošim OKS se verovatno radi o posledici delovanja aditivnog tipa (aditivni x aditivni) interakcije gena među roditeljima.
- Published
- 2007
50. Kombinacione sposobnosti za broj redova zrna silažnog kukuruza
- Author
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Živanović Tomislav, Sečanski Mile, and Filipović Milomir
- Subjects
lcsh:Biotechnology ,lcsh:TP248.13-248.65 ,combining abilities GCA ,heterosis ,OKS ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,PKS ,silage maize ,SCA ,silažni kukuruz ,kombinacione sposobnosti ,lcsh:S1-972 ,heterozis - Abstract
According to the analysis of variance, a genotype, year and a genotype x year interaction significantly affect variability of the trait number of kernel rows per ear. This number was the highest in the silage maize inbred lines ZPLB402, ZPLB403 and ZPLB405 in both years of investigation, resulting in low both positive and negative values of heterosis. The correct estimation of combining abilities is necessary in order to develop superior hybrids. This estimation was done on the basis of diallel hybrids after the method of Griffing (1956; method II, model I). The analysis of variance for combining abilities for the number of kernel rows per ear points to the significance of general and special combining abilities. The GCA to SCA ratio indicates that additive genes and the additive variance have a significant role in inheritance of this trait. Highly significant values of GCA for the number of kernel rows per ear for both years were found in the silage maize inbred lines ZPLB402 and ZPLB403, whereas inbreds ZPLB401, ZPLB404 and ZPLB406 had negative values. Highly significant positive, i.e. negative values of SCA for the number of kernel rows per ear for both years were found in the hybrid combinations ZPLB402 x ZPLB405 and ZPLB402 x ZPLB406, i.e. ZPLB402 x ZPLB406, respectively. Highly significant effects of SCA in hybrid combinations that include both parents with low GCA values are probably a result of the interaction among additive genes in parents. . Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se za broj redova zrna silažnog kukuruza procene: (i) varijabilnost inbred linija i njihovih dialelnih hibrida, (ii) heterozis u odnosu na boljeg roditelja i (iii) opšte i posebne kombinacione vrednosti. Utvrđeno je da na varijabilnost ove osobine značajno utiču genotip, godina i njihova interakcija. Inbred linije ZPLB402, ZPLB403 i ZPLB405 imale su veći broj redova zrna od većine hibrida u obe ispitivane godine, što je rezultiralo kako niskim pozitivnim tako i negativnim vrednostima heterozisa. Za dobijanje superiornijih hibrida neophodna je pravilna procena, kombinacionih sposobnosti. Procena kombinacionih sposobnosti je izvršena na bazi dialelnih hibrida po metodi Griffing-a (1956; metod II, matematički model I). Analiza varijanse kombinacionih sposobnosti za broj redova zrna ukazuje na značajnost i opštih i posebnih kombinacionih sposobnosti. Odnos OKS/PKS pokazuje da u nasleđivanju ove osobine daleko značajniju ulogu imaju aditivni geni i aditivna varijansa. Visoko značajne vrednosti OKS u obe ispitivane godine za broj redova zrna imale su inbred linije silažnog kukuruza ZPLB402 i ZPLB403, a linije ZPLB401, ZPLB404 i ZPLB406 su imale negativne vrednosti u obe ispitivane godine. Visoko značajne pozitivne efekte PKS za broj redova zrna u obe godine ispitivanja imale su hibridne kombinacije ZPLB402 x ZPLB405 i ZPLB402 x ZPLB406, a negativne ZPLB402 x ZPLB406. Visoko značajni efekti PKS kod hibridnih kombinacija koje uključuju oba roditelja sa niskim OKS vrednostima su verovatno posledica interakcije između aditivnih gena roditelja. .
- Published
- 2007
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