69 results on '"Heterotrichea"'
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2. Protozoa And Nematodes Infecting Odontophrynus Occidentalis (Anura, Odontophrynidae) From The Monte Desert Of Argentina
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Piñeiro, M. and González, E. Sanabria C.
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Chromista ,Heterotrichida ,Biodiversity ,Ciliophora ,Nyctotheridae ,Heterotrichea ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Piñeiro, M., González, E. Sanabria C. (2023): Protozoa And Nematodes Infecting Odontophrynus Occidentalis (Anura, Odontophrynidae) From The Monte Desert Of Argentina. Zoodiversity 57 (2): 171-180, DOI: 10.15407/zoo2023.02.171, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/zoo2023.02.171
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- 2023
3. DNA barcoding and coalescent-based delimitation of endosymbiotic clevelandellid ciliates (Ciliophora: Clevelandellida): a shift to molecular taxonomy in the inventory of ciliate diversity in panesthiine cockroaches
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Lukáš Pecina and Peter Vďačný
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Ciliate ,Chromista ,Cockroach ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Biodiversity ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Nyctotheridae ,DNA barcoding ,Heterotrichea ,Molecular taxonomy ,Coalescent theory ,Evolutionary biology ,biology.animal ,Heterotrichida ,Clevelandellidae ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Ciliophora ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Taxonomy ,Diversity (politics) ,media_common ,Clevelandellida - Abstract
Phylogenetically distinct lineages may be hidden behind identical or highly similar morphologies. The phenomenon of morphological crypticity has been recently detected in symbiotic ciliates of the family Clevelandellidae, as multivariate and Fourier shape analyses failed to distinguish genetically distinct taxa. To address the question of species boundaries, the phylogenetic information contained in the rDNA cistron of clevelandellid ciliates, which had been isolated from the digestive tract of blaberid cockroaches, was studied using a multifaceted statistical approach. Multigene phylogenies revealed that the genus Clevelandella is paraphyletic containing members of the genus Paraclevelandia. To resolve the paraphyly of Clevelandella, two new genera, Anteclevelandella gen. nov. and Rhynchoclevelandella gen. nov., are proposed based on morphological synapomorphies and shared molecular characters. Multigene analyses and Bayesian species delimitation supported the existence of 13 distinct species within the family Clevelandellidae, eight of which represent new taxa. Moreover, two new Nyctotherus species were recognized within the clade that is sister to the Clevelandellidae. According to the present distance and network analyses, the first two domains of the 28S rRNA gene showed much higher power for species discrimination than the 18S rRNA gene and ITS region. Therefore, the former molecular marker was proposed to be a suitable group-specific barcode for the family Clevelandellidae.
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- 2021
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4. New contributions to Gruberia lanceolata (Gruber, 1884) Kahl, 1932 based on analyses of multiple populations and genes (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea, Gruberiidae).
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Chen, Xiangrui, Shazib, Shahed Uddin Ahmed, Kim, Ji Hye, Kim, Min Seok, and Shin, Mann Kyoon
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DNA analysis ,GENES ,BIOLOGICAL membranes ,PERISTOME (Botany) ,PLANT spore dispersal - Abstract
Gruberia Kahl, 1932 is a species-poor genus comprising only seven named species. Most of these species have not been reinvestigated since the original reports. In the present work, we investigated the taxonomy and phylogeny of Gruberia lanceolata (Gruber, 1884) Kahl, 1932 based on analyses of morphology and multiple gene sequences from four South Korean populations. This species is mainly characterized by a well-developed peristome region, segmented paroral membrane, and moniliform macronucleus. Some morphological features were not stable among the four populations investigated, such as body shape and size, cell color, and the ratio of oral length to body length. However, our molecular analyses of four different genetic markers – three nuclear DNA markers (18S rDNA, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region, D1D2 of 28S rDNA) and one mitochondrial (mt) marker (CO1 gene) – indicated that all Korean populations examined were the same species. Based on our present findings and historic works, we propose that G. calkinsi , G. aculeata , and G. beninensis are junior synonyms of G. lanceolata . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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5. New contributions to two ciliate genera (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea) based on morphological and molecular analyses, with description of a new Gruberia species
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Yong Chi, Qianqian Zhang, Weibo Song, Yuqing Li, Alan Warren, Mingzhen Ma, and Xiangrui Chen
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0106 biological sciences ,Microbiology (medical) ,Morphology ,Aquatic Organisms ,China ,SSU rDNA ,lcsh:QR1-502 ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Microbiology ,lcsh:Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Phylogenetics ,Mycology ,RNA, Ribosomal, 18S ,Ciliophora ,Phylogeny ,030304 developmental biology ,Ciliate ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Phylogenetic tree ,biology.organism_classification ,Evolutionary biology ,Vorticella ,Cosmopolitan distribution ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Heterotrichs ,Heterotrichea ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Heterotrichous ciliates are common members of microeukaryote communities which play important roles in both the transfer of material and the flow of energy in aquatic food webs. This group has been known for over two centuries due to their large body size and cosmopolitan distribution. Nevertheless, species identification and phylogenetic relationships of heterotrichs remain challenging due to the lack of accurate morphological information and insufficient molecular data. Results The morphology and phylogeny of two heterotrichous ciliates, namely Gruberia foissneri spec. nov. and Linostomella vorticella (Ehrenberg, 1833) Aescht in Foissner et al., 1999, were studied using rigorous methods (living morphology, stained preparations, and small subunit rDNA sequence data). Gruberia foissneri spec. nov. is morphologically very similar to G. uninucleata Kahl, 1932, however, it can be distinguished from the latter by having more ciliary rows (about 32 vs. about 20) and macronuclear shape (sausage-shaped vs. ellipsoid). Based on a combination of previous and present studies, an improved diagnosis of L. vorticella is supplied and several taxonomic anomalies are clarified. In addition, phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA sequence data support the generic assignment of these two species. Conclusions Modern ciliate taxonomy should be performed by means of detailed living observation, stained preparations and molecular information. For those species that have been reported in previous studies, it is necessary to provide as much useful information as possible using state-of-the-art methods in order to resolve taxonomic anomalies.
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- 2020
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6. Rhynchoclevelandella Pecina & Vďačný 2022, GEN. NOV
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Pecina, Lukáš and Vďačný, Peter
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Chromista ,Heterotrichida ,Clevelandellidae ,Rhynchoclevelandella ,Biodiversity ,Ciliophora ,Heterotrichea ,Taxonomy - Abstract
GENUS RHYNCHOCLEVELANDELLA GEN. NOV. Z o o B a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: 1C962981-03D7-4647-A05B-E33311CA0978. Diagnosis: Body posteriorly extended into a long peristomial projection; macronucleus oriented with its longer axis obliquely to main body axis; karyophore absent; adoral zone of membranelles on right and paroral membrane on left side of vestibulum. Diagnostic molecular characters as shown in Figure 8. Type species: Clevelandia hastula Kidder, 1937 by original designation (Article 68.2 of ICZN, 1999). Etymology: Composed of the Greek noun rhúnkhos (ῥύ γχος [n]; beak, snout) and the generic name Clevelandella, alluding to the conspicuously long peristomial projection. Feminine gender., Published as part of Pecina, Lukáš & Vďačný, Peter, 2022, DNA barcoding and coalescent-based delimitation of endosymbiotic clevelandellid ciliates (Ciliophora: Clevelandellida): a shift to molecular taxonomy in the inventory of ciliate diversity in panesthiine cockroaches, pp. 1072-1102 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4) on page 1093, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab063, http://zenodo.org/record/6459086, {"references":["Kidder GW. 1937. The intestinal protozoa of the wood-feeding roach Panesthia. Parasitology 29: 163 - 205.","ICZN. 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4 th edn. London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature."]}
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- 2021
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7. Anteclevelandella Pecina & Vďačný 2022, GEN. NOV
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Pecina, Lukáš and Vďačný, Peter
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Chromista ,Anteclevelandella ,Heterotrichida ,Clevelandellidae ,Biodiversity ,Ciliophora ,Heterotrichea ,Taxonomy - Abstract
GENUS ANTECLEVELANDELLA GEN. NOV. Z o o B a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: 98D41E85-B1AF-4253-8DBF-2740BE597F63. Diagnosis: Body posteriorly extended into a short peristomial projection and slightly constricted at level of macronucleus; macronucleus oriented with its longer axis perpendicularly to main body axis; karyophore present, attached to right and left body margins; adoral zone of membranelles on left and paroral membrane on right side of vestibulum. Diagnostic molecular characters as shown in Figure 8. Type species: Clevelandia constricta Kidder, 1937 by original designation (Article 68.2 of ICZN, 1999). Etymology: Composed of the Latin adverb anteā (before, earlier) and the generic name Clevelandella, reflecting the deep branching of this genus within the family Clevelandellidae. Feminine gender., Published as part of Pecina, Lukáš & Vďačný, Peter, 2022, DNA barcoding and coalescent-based delimitation of endosymbiotic clevelandellid ciliates (Ciliophora: Clevelandellida): a shift to molecular taxonomy in the inventory of ciliate diversity in panesthiine cockroaches, pp. 1072-1102 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4) on page 1086, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab063, http://zenodo.org/record/6459086, {"references":["Kidder GW. 1937. The intestinal protozoa of the wood-feeding roach Panesthia. Parasitology 29: 163 - 205.","ICZN. 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4 th edn. London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature."]}
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- 2021
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8. Clevelandella Kidder 1938
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Pecina, Lukáš and Vďačný, Peter
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Chromista ,Heterotrichida ,Clevelandellidae ,Clevelandella ,Biodiversity ,Ciliophora ,Heterotrichea ,Taxonomy - Abstract
GENUS CLEVELANDELLA KIDDER, 1938 Improved diagnosis: Body posteriorly extended into a medium-long peristomial projection; macronucleus oriented with its longer axis obliquely to main body axis, posterior end of macronucleus typically more or less narrowed; karyophore present, attached to right side below mid-body, in some species also to left body margin; adoral zone of membranelles on right and paroral membrane on left side of vestibulum. Diagnostic molecular characters as shown in Figure 8. aReference alignments are available in Supporting Information,Alignments S1 ‒ S3. For further details on the localization of molecular diagnostic characters, see Supporting Information, Supplementary Tables S1‒S 3. 18S, 18 S rRNA gene; ITS, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region; 28 S, 28 S rRNA gene. bDNA samples of holotype specimens have been deposited in Natural History Museum, Vajanského nábrežie 2, 810 06 Bratislava, Slovakia. cFor GenBank accession numbers of 18 S rRNA gene and ITS region-28 S rRNA gene sequences obtained from holotype specimens, see Table 1. Type species and nomenclature: Clevelandia panesthiae Kidder, 1937 by original designation (Article 68.2 of ICZN, 1999). Kidder (1937) fixed C. panesthiae as type species of Clevelandia Kidder, 1937 (ciliate), which is a junior homonym of Clevelandia Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888 (fish). Therefore, Kidder (1938) proposed a new replacement name (nomen novum), Clevelandella, for Clevelandia (ciliate). According to Article 67.7 of ICZN (1999), both the prior nominal genus-group taxon and its replacement have the same type species. Aescht (2001) incorrectly stated that C. panesthiae is a type species of Clevelandella by subsequent designation in Earl (1972). Etymology: The genus was named in honour of the protistologist L. R. Cleveland., Published as part of Pecina, Lukáš & Vďačný, Peter, 2022, DNA barcoding and coalescent-based delimitation of endosymbiotic clevelandellid ciliates (Ciliophora: Clevelandellida): a shift to molecular taxonomy in the inventory of ciliate diversity in panesthiine cockroaches, pp. 1072-1102 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4) on pages 1086-1093, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab063, http://zenodo.org/record/6459086, {"references":["Kidder GW. 1938. Nuclear reorganization without cell division in Paraclevelandia simplex (family Clevelandellidae), an endocommensal ciliate of the wood-feeding roach, Panesthia. Archiv fur Protistenkunde 91: 69 - 77.","Kidder GW. 1937. The intestinal protozoa of the wood-feeding roach Panesthia. Parasitology 29: 163 - 205.","ICZN. 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4 th edn. London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature.","Aescht E. 2001. Catalogue of the generic names of ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora). Denisia 1: 1 - 350.","Earl PR. 1972. Synopsis of the Plagiotomoidea, new superfamily (Protozoa). Acta Protozoologica 9: 247 - 261."]}
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- 2021
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9. Nyctotherus Leidy 1849
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Pecina, Lukáš and Vďačný, Peter
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Nyctotherus ,Chromista ,Heterotrichida ,Biodiversity ,Ciliophora ,Nyctotheridae ,Heterotrichea ,Taxonomy - Abstract
GENUS NYCTOTHERUS LEIDY, 1849 Improved diagnosis: Body ovate; macronucleus usually oriented with its longer axis perpendicularly to main body axis; karyophore present, typically attached to right and left body sides; somatic ciliature holotrichous, ventral rows gradually shortened along oral groove, dorsal rows form a median suture in anterior and posterior body region; oral groove begins subapically and extends along left body margin to about mid-body; peristomial funnel (vestibulum) inverted J-shaped; adoral zone of membranelles runs in oral groove then plunges into vestibulum to extend on its right side. Type species: Nyctotherus velox Leidy, 1849 by monotypy (Article 68.3 of ICZN, 1999). Etymology: Not provided in the original description. Composed of the Greek prefix nukt - (νυΚΤ-; dark) and the Greek noun thēríon (θηρ ῐ[n]; animal), likely alluding to the habitat (i.e. hindgut) of type species. Masculine gender (Article 30.1.3 of ICZN, 1999)., Published as part of Pecina, Lukáš & Vďačný, Peter, 2022, DNA barcoding and coalescent-based delimitation of endosymbiotic clevelandellid ciliates (Ciliophora: Clevelandellida): a shift to molecular taxonomy in the inventory of ciliate diversity in panesthiine cockroaches, pp. 1072-1102 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4) on page 1093, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab063, http://zenodo.org/record/6459086, {"references":["ICZN. 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4 th edn. London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature."]}
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- 2021
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10. Expanded phylogenetic analyses of the class Heterotrichea (Ciliophora, Postciliodesmatophora) using five molecular markers and morphological data.
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Fernandes, Noemi M., Paiva, Thiago da Silva, da Silva-Neto, Inácio D., Schlegel, Martin, and Schrago, Carlos G.
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CILIATA , *PROTOZOAN phylogeny , *BIOMARKERS , *MORPHOLOGY of protozoa , *MOLECULAR evolution , *RECOMBINANT DNA - Abstract
Most studies of the molecular evolution of Heterotrichea have been based solely on the 18S-rDNA gene, which were inconsistent with morphological classification. Because of the limitations of single locus phylogenies and the recurring problem of lack of resolution of deeper nodes found in previous studies, we present hypotheses of the evolution of internal groups of the class Heterotrichea based on multi-loci analyses (18S-rDNA, 28S-rDNA, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region, COI and alpha-tubulin) and morphological data. Phylogenetic trees from protein coding gene data are presented for Heterotrichea for the first time. Phylogenetic analyses included Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony methods, and optimal trees were statistically compared to alternative topologies from the literature. Additionally, the Bayesian concordance approach (BCA algorithm) was used to assess the concordance factor between topologies obtained from isolated analyses. Because different loci may evolve at different rates, resulting in different gene topologies, we also estimated a species tree for Heterotrichea using the STAR coalescence-based method. The results show that: (1) single gene trees are inconsistent regarding the position of some heterotrichean families; (2) the concatenation of all data in a total-evidence tree improved the resolution of deep nodes among the heterotrichean families and genera; (3) the coalescent-based species tree is consistent with phylogenies based on the 18S-rDNA gene and shows Spirostomidae as the stem group of Heterotrichea; (4) however, the total-evidence tree suggests that the large Heterotrichea cluster is divided into nine lineages in which Peritromidae diverges at the base of the Heterotrichea tree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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11. A checklist of ciliates (Ciliophora) inhabiting on cnidarians
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Tapas Chatterjee, Igor Dovgal, and Gregorio Fernandez-Leborans
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Class Spirotrichea ,Dysteriida ,Fresh Water ,Euplotidae ,Euplotida ,medicine.disease_cause ,Dendrosomididae ,Foettingeriidae ,Acinetidae ,Oxytrichidae ,Dendrosomatidae ,Peritrichida ,Tachyblastonidae ,Epistylididae ,Chromista ,Uronychiidae ,biology ,Exogenida ,Protist ,Halofolliculina corallasia ,Biodiversity ,Checklist ,Hypotrichea ,Holophryidae ,Prostomatida ,Suctorida ,Rhabdostyla ,Folliculinidae ,Apostomatida ,Zoology ,Cyrtophoria ,Oligohymenophorea ,Cnidaria ,Prostomatea ,Oxytrichida ,Dysteriidae ,Paracinetidae ,medicine ,Trichodinidae ,Animals ,Epibiont ,Ciliophora ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Taxonomy ,Hymenostomatida ,Ciliate ,Acinetopsidae ,Vaginicolidae ,Ephelotidae ,Kinetofragminophora ,Trichophryidae ,Philasterida ,Thecacinetidae ,biology.organism_classification ,Heterotrichea ,Zoothamniidae ,Phyllopharyngea ,Philasteridae ,Tetrahymenidae ,Vorticellidae ,Heterotrichida ,Rhabdophryidae ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Scuticociliatida ,Podophryidae ,Paranophryidae - Abstract
A compilation of the ciliate epibiont species (Ciliophora) found on marine and fresh water cnidarians has been carried out based on published records. The checklist includes the taxonomic position of each species of epibiontic ciliate, the species of basibiont cnidarians, the geographic zones and the bibliographic references where they were recorded. Cnidarians, especially colonial sessile forms, represent suitable substrates for numerous sessile and vagile ciliates. Altogether 79 ciliate species belong to five classes viz. Spirotrichea, Heterotrichea, Phyllopharingea, Suctorea and Oligohymenophorea were listed. The most diverce as epibions on cnidarians are representatives of Suctorea with 41 species and Peritrichia (under the class Oligohymenophorea) with 25 species. Three species belong to class Spirotrichea, four Heterotrichea and one Phyllopharingea. Among the other representatives (except Peritrichia) of class Oligohymenophorea, four species belong to subclass Scutucociliatia, one species each in subclass Hymenostomatia and Apostomatia. One suctorian species Ophryodendron abietinum and two species of peritrichs, Cothurnia cordylophora and Rhabdostyla sertularium one Heterotrichea Halofolliculina corallasia and one Scutucociliatia Philaster guamensis are likely specific to cnidarian hosts only.
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- 2021
12. Multigene‐based phylogeny analyses of the controversial family Condylostomatidae (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea)
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Ju Li, Kuidong Xu, and Xumiao Chen
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Phylogenetics ,Evolutionary biology ,Genetics ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Condylostomatidae ,Biology ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Heterotrichea - Published
- 2019
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13. Stentofolliculina tubicola Hadzi 1938
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Chatterjee, Tapas and Dovgal, Igor
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Stentofolliculina ,Chromista ,Folliculinidae ,Heterotrichida ,Biodiversity ,Ciliophora ,Heterotrichea ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Stentofolliculina tubicola Hadži, 1938 Report as epibiont on bryozoans: This species was described as epibiont on marine bryozoan Retepora sp. collected in the Adriatic Sea (Hadži 1938). Remarks: This species was recorded as epibiont only on bryozoans. It is Jankowski (2007) opinion that this species name is possible nomen dubium., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas & Dovgal, Igor, 2020, A checklist of ciliate epibionts (Ciliophora) found on bryozoans, pp. 547-559 in Zootaxa 4896 (4) on page 556, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4387921, {"references":["Hadzi, J. (1938) Beitrag zur Kenntnis dera dri atischen Follikuliniden (Inf. Heterotricha). I. Subfam. Eufolliculininae. Acta Adriatica, 2, 1 - 46.","Jankowski, A. V. (2007) Review of taxa Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901. In: Alimov, A. F. (Ed.), Protista: Handbook on Zoology. Part 2. Nauka, St. Petersburg, pp. 415 - 993. [in Russian]"]}
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- 2020
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14. Epifolliculina diaphana Hadzi 1951
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Chatterjee, Tapas and Dovgal, Igor
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Chromista ,Epifolliculina ,Folliculinidae ,Heterotrichida ,Biodiversity ,Ciliophora ,Heterotrichea ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Epifolliculina diaphana Hadži, 1951 Report as epibiont on bryozoans: The Epifolliculina diaphana Hadži, 1951 was originally described as epibiont of bryozoan Retepora sp. from the Mediterranean Sea (Hadži 1951). Remarks: This species was recorded as epibiont only on bryozoans., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas & Dovgal, Igor, 2020, A checklist of ciliate epibionts (Ciliophora) found on bryozoans, pp. 547-559 in Zootaxa 4896 (4) on page 556, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4387921, {"references":["Hadzi, J. (1951) Studien uber Follikuliniden. Dela Razredza Prirodoslovnein Medicinske Vede. Slovenska Akademija Znanostiin Umetnosti, 4, 1 - 390."]}
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- 2020
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15. Folliculina simplex
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Chatterjee, Tapas and Dovgal, Igor
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Folliculinidae ,Heterotrichida ,Biodiversity ,Protozoa ,Ciliophora ,Heterotrichea ,Taxonomy ,Folliculina - Abstract
Folliculina simplex (Dons, 1917) Report as epibiont on bryozoans: This species was reported as epibiont on marine bryozoans Einhornia crustulenta (reported as Membraneipora crustulenta) in Kiel Bay, the North Sea (Precht 1935) Report as epibiont on other hosts/substrata: The species was also found on artificial substrates in the form of microscope slides from shrimp-farming ponds and from a rock pool near Qingdao, China (Song et al., 2003)., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas & Dovgal, Igor, 2020, A checklist of ciliate epibionts (Ciliophora) found on bryozoans, pp. 547-559 in Zootaxa 4896 (4) on page 556, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4387921, {"references":["Precht, H. (1935) Epizoen der Kieler Bucht. Nova Acta Leopoldina, 3, 405 - 474.","Song, W., Warren, A., Ji, D., Wang, M. & Al-Rasheid, K. A. S. (2003) New contributions to two heterotrichous ciliates, Folliculina simplex (Dons, 1917), Condylostoma curva Burkovsky, 1970 and one licnophorid, Licnophora lyngbycola Faure- Fremiet, 1937 (Protozoa, Ciliophora): Descriptions of morphology and infraciliature. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 50 (6), 449 - 462. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1550 - 7408.2003. tb 00271. x"]}
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- 2020
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16. Folliculina ampulla O. F. Muller 1773
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Chatterjee, Tapas and Dovgal, Igor
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Folliculinidae ,Heterotrichida ,Biodiversity ,Protozoa ,Ciliophora ,Heterotrichea ,Taxonomy ,Folliculina - Abstract
Folliculina ampulla O. F. Müller, 1773 Report as epibiont on bryozoans: Reported on bryozoans and hydroids from Strait of Georgia, Canada (Wailes 1943; Mccazuley & Hancock 1971). Report as epibiont on other hosts: Ubiquitous species; reported in brackish water pond: Port Canning, West Bengal, India on hydroids (Bhatia et al. 1936). The species was also reported in the Black Sea (Gassowsky 1960) and in the Baltic Sea (Mironova et al. 2014)., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas & Dovgal, Igor, 2020, A checklist of ciliate epibionts (Ciliophora) found on bryozoans, pp. 547-559 in Zootaxa 4896 (4) on page 556, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4387921, {"references":["Wailes, G. H. (1943) Canadian Pacific fauna. 1. Protozoa. 1 f. Ciliata. 1 g. Suctoria. University of Toronto Press, Toronro, 46 pp.","Bhatia, B. L. (1936) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Protozoa: Ciliophora. Taylor and Fransis, London, 493 pp.","Mironova, E. I., Telesh, I. V. & Skarlato, S. O. (2014) Ciliates in plankton of the Baltic Sea. Protistology, 8 (3), 81 - 124"]}
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- 2020
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17. Aulofolliculina labyrinthica Hadzi 1951
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Chatterjee, Tapas and Dovgal, Igor
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Chromista ,Aulofolliculina ,Folliculinidae ,Heterotrichida ,Biodiversity ,Ciliophora ,Heterotrichea ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Aulofolliculina labyrinthica Hadži, 1951 Report as epibiont on bryozoans: This species was found in the Mediterranean Sea (Hadži 1951) were originally described from marine bryozoan Reteporella beaniana (King, 1846). Remarks: This species was recorded as epibiont only on bryozoans., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas & Dovgal, Igor, 2020, A checklist of ciliate epibionts (Ciliophora) found on bryozoans, pp. 547-559 in Zootaxa 4896 (4) on page 556, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4387921, {"references":["Hadzi, J. (1951) Studien uber Follikuliniden. Dela Razredza Prirodoslovnein Medicinske Vede. Slovenska Akademija Znanostiin Umetnosti, 4, 1 - 390."]}
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- 2020
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18. Aulofolliculina gjorgjevici
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Chatterjee, Tapas and Dovgal, Igor
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Chromista ,Aulofolliculina ,Folliculinidae ,Heterotrichida ,Biodiversity ,Ciliophora ,Heterotrichea ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Aulofolliculina gjorgjevici (Hadži, 1938) Report as epibiont on bryozoans: This species was reported as epibiont on marine bryozoan Reteporella beaniana (King, 1846) in the Adriatic Sea (Hadži 1938). Remarks: This species was recorded as epibiont only on bryozoans., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas & Dovgal, Igor, 2020, A checklist of ciliate epibionts (Ciliophora) found on bryozoans, pp. 547-559 in Zootaxa 4896 (4) on page 556, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4387921, {"references":["Hadzi, J. (1938) Beitrag zur Kenntnis dera dri atischen Follikuliniden (Inf. Heterotricha). I. Subfam. Eufolliculininae. Acta Adriatica, 2, 1 - 46."]}
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- 2020
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19. A checklist of ciliate epibionts (Ciliophora) found on bryozoans
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Igor Dovgal and Tapas Chatterjee
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Liliopsida ,Asparagales ,Euplotidae ,Fresh Water ,Euplotida ,Dendrosomididae ,Acinetidae ,Corynophryidae ,Peritrich ,Ciliatea ,Oxytrichidae ,Plantae ,Peritrichida ,Chromista ,biology ,Biodiversity ,Gastrocirrhidae ,Checklist ,Hypotrichea ,Suctorida ,Heterotrichea ,Folliculinidae ,Zoology ,Oligohymenophorea ,Bryozoa ,Ciliophora (awaiting allocation) ,Oxytrichida ,Trichodinidae ,Animalia ,Animals ,Protozoa ,Ciliophora ,Orchidaceae ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Taxonomy ,Vaginicolidae ,Ciliate ,Ephelotidae ,Host (biology) ,Kinetofragminophora ,Ellobiophryidae ,biology.organism_classification ,Tracheophyta ,Zoothamniidae ,Fresh water ,Vorticellidae ,Rhabdophryidae ,Heterotrichida ,Animal Science and Zoology - Abstract
A compilation of the ciliate (Ciliophora) species found on marine and fresh water bryozoans as epibionts has been carried out based on published records. The checklist includes the taxonomic position of each species of epibiontic ciliate, the species of basibiont bryozoans, localities and the bibliographic references. Altogether 40 ciliate species from classes Spirotrichea (two species); Suctorea (sixteen species); Oligohymenophorea, subclass Peritrichia (sixteen species) and Heterotrichea, family Folliculinidae (six species) were listed. Among registered species, six were reported on bryozoans only. Only one species of peritrich ciliate Ellobiophrya conviva adapted to inhabit on tentacles of bryozoans with special adhesive organelle (cinctum or adhesive ring) indicate a possible specific to bryozoan host.
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- 2020
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20. Blepharisma hyalinum Perty 1849
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Dur��n-Ram��rez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto J��nio Pedroso, and Estrada, Rosaura May��n
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Blepharisma hyalinum ,Heterotrichida ,Blepharisma ,Biodiversity ,Spirostomidae ,Protozoa ,Ciliophora ,Heterotrichea ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Blepharisma hyalinum Perty, 1849 Distribution. VENEZUELA: South margin of the Henri Pittier National Park, Biological Station Rancho Grande (Foissner 2016)., Published as part of Dur��n-Ram��rez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto J��nio Pedroso & Estrada, Rosaura May��n-, 2020, Checklist of ciliates (Alveolata: Ciliophora) that inhabit in bromeliads from the Neotropical Region, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4895 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4321437, {"references":["Foissner, W. (2016) Terrestrial and semiterrestrial ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from Venezuela and Galapagos. Denisia, 35, 1 - 912."]}
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- 2020
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21. Blepharisma steini Kahl 1932
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Dur��n-Ram��rez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto J��nio Pedroso, and Estrada, Rosaura May��n
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Heterotrichida ,Blepharisma ,Blepharisma steini ,Biodiversity ,Spirostomidae ,Protozoa ,Ciliophora ,Heterotrichea ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Blepharisma steini Kahl, 1932 Distribution. MEXICO: Coffee plantation La Onza, near Coatepec (Dur��n-Ram��rez et al. 2015), (Th); Coffee plantation Virginia Armand, near Coatepec (Dur��n-Ram��rez et al. 2015), (Th)., Published as part of Dur��n-Ram��rez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto J��nio Pedroso & Estrada, Rosaura May��n-, 2020, Checklist of ciliates (Alveolata: Ciliophora) that inhabit in bromeliads from the Neotropical Region, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4895 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4321437, {"references":["Duran-Ramirez, C. A., Garcia-Franco, J. G., Foissner, W. & Mayen-Estrada, R. (2015) Free living ciliates from epiphytic tank bromeliads in Mexico. European Journal of Protistology, 51, 15 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ejop. 2014.09.002"]}
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- 2020
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22. Checklist of ciliates (Alveolata: Ciliophora) that inhabit in bromeliads from the Neotropical Region
- Author
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Roberto Júnio Pedroso Dias, Carlos Alberto Durán-Ramírez, and Rosaura Mayén-Estrada
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Bromeliaceae ,Philasterida ,Biodiversity ,Urotrichidae ,Euplotida ,Fuscheriidae ,Frontoniidae ,Enchelyidae ,Trachelophyllidae ,Bryophryida ,Ctedectomatidae ,Grossglockneriidae ,Amphisiellidae ,Litonotidae ,Plantae ,Peritrichida ,Nassulida ,Epistylididae ,Ecology ,Synallactidae ,Hypotrichea ,Colpodida ,Alveolata ,Peniculida ,Hausmanniellidae ,Mucorales ,Holostichidae ,Cyrtophorida ,Nassulidae ,Prostomatida ,Echinodermata ,Haptorida ,Halteriida ,Plagiocampidae ,Cinetochilidae ,Syncephalastraceae ,Cyrtophoria ,Bryometopida ,Bryophryidae ,Microthoracidae ,Parakahliellidae ,Prostomatea ,Odontostomatida ,Leptopharynidae ,Protospathidiidae ,Uronematidae ,Phacodiniida ,Urostylida ,Lembadionidae ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Hymenostomatida ,Rigidothrichidae ,Glaucomidae ,Spathidiidae ,Exocolpodidae ,Vorticellidae ,Cyrtolophosididae ,Colepidae ,Heterotrichida ,Scuticociliatida ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Arcuospathidiidae ,Kreyellidae ,Pseudoholophryidae ,Zygomycota ,Agaricomycetes ,Metopidae ,Lagynophryidae ,Neokeronopsidae ,royalty.order_of_chivalry ,Trochiliidae ,royalty ,Aspidiscidae ,Aspidochirotida ,Didiniidae ,Strobilidiidae ,Oxytrichidae ,Nassophorea ,Colpodea ,Cyrtolophosidida ,Holothuroidea ,Dendrosomatidae ,Grossglockneriida ,Chromista ,Loxocephalidae ,biology ,Caenomorphidae ,Pleurostomatida ,Spirostomidae ,Mesodiniidae ,Cyclidiidae ,Chilodonellidae ,Epalxellidae ,Gymnostomatea ,Parameciidae ,Cohnilembidae ,Holophryidae ,Oligotrichea ,Trachelostylidae ,Suctorida ,Bromeliophryidae ,Cyclotrichida ,Platyophryidae ,Pleuronematida ,Marasmiaceae ,Stichotrichida ,Spirotrichea ,Choreotrichida ,Oligohymenophorea ,royalty.royal_line ,Acropisthiidae ,Oxytrichida ,Plagiopylidae ,Pseudomicrothoracidae ,Pseudoholophryida ,Animals ,Animalia ,Colpodidae ,Protozoa ,Ciliophora ,Spathidiida ,Taxonomy ,Ciliate ,Phacodiniidae ,Plagiopylida ,Urocentridae ,Basidiomycota ,Fungi ,Kinetofragminophora ,Bryometopidae ,Halteriidae ,biology.organism_classification ,Heterotrichea ,Scaphidiodontidae ,Calyptotrichidae ,Pseudourostylidae ,Marynidae ,Tetrahymenidae ,Philasteridae ,Discomorphellidae ,Epiphyte ,Agaricales - Abstract
Species from almost all classes of ciliates are prone to be found inhabiting bromeliads in the Neotropics, from Mexico to Brazil, and the Antilles. Studies of ciliates recorded from bromeliads have been carried out from few bromeliad species, mainly in tropical forest. We compiled all available data of free living and sessile ciliates from bromeliads, including their geographic distribution and bromeliad identity. We provide a list of 170 ciliate species that have been recorded in 52 epiphytic and terrestrial bromeliad species, distributed in ten Neotropical countries . Most of the species belong to the Classes Oligohymenophorea, Colpodea and Spirotrichea. The largest number of ciliate species has been recorded in Brazil and Mexico. Bromeliothrix metopoides and Glaucomides bromelicola were the two species with the widest geographical distribution, 19 species have been recorded only in Mexico, 11 in the Antillean islands, and 89 only in Southamerica. Free living species prevailed over sessile species, and both represent 2% of the total ciliate species number. Sixteen ciliate species have been recorded only inhabiting in bromeliads. Although bromeliads show a high endemicity, their specificity is low in relation to ciliates.
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- 2020
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23. Brachonella spiralis McMurrich 1884
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Dur��n-Ram��rez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto J��nio Pedroso, and Estrada, Rosaura May��n
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Brachonella spiralis ,Metopidae ,Heterotrichida ,Biodiversity ,Brachonella ,Protozoa ,Ciliophora ,Heterotrichea ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Brachonella spiralis McMurrich, 1884 Distribution. BRAZIL: Paran�� River between the Nupelia���s Field Station and the district of Porto S��o Jos��, S��o Pedro do Paran�� (Buosi et al. 2014 b, 2015), (Ad)., Published as part of Dur��n-Ram��rez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto J��nio Pedroso & Estrada, Rosaura May��n-, 2020, Checklist of ciliates (Alveolata: Ciliophora) that inhabit in bromeliads from the Neotropical Region, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4895 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4321437, {"references":["Buosi, P. R. B., Utz, L. R. P., de Meira, B. R., Segovia da Silva, B. T., Lansac-Toha, F. M., Lansac-Toha, F. A. L. & Velho, L. F. M. (2014 b) Rainfall influence on species composition of the ciliate community inhabiting bromeliad phytotelmata. Zoological Studies, 53, 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 40555 - 014 - 0032 - 4","Buosi, P. R. B., Cabral, A. F., Utz, L. R. P., Vieira, L. C. G. & Velho, L. F. M. (2015) Effects of seasonality and dispersal on the ciliate community inhabiting bromeliad phytotelmata in riparian vegetation of a large tropical river. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 62 (6), 737 - 749. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jeu. 12232"]}
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- 2020
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24. Metopus setosus Kahl 1927
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Durán-Ramírez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto Júnio Pedroso, and Estrada, Rosaura Mayén
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Metopus ,Metopus setosus ,Metopidae ,Heterotrichida ,Biodiversity ,Protozoa ,Ciliophora ,Heterotrichea ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Metopus setosus Kahl, 1927 Distribution. VENEZUELA: South margin of the Henri Pittier National Park, Biological Station Rancho Grande (Foissner 2016)., Published as part of Dur��n-Ram��rez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto J��nio Pedroso & Estrada, Rosaura May��n-, 2020, Checklist of ciliates (Alveolata: Ciliophora) that inhabit in bromeliads from the Neotropical Region, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4895 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4321437, {"references":["Foissner, W. (2016) Terrestrial and semiterrestrial ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from Venezuela and Galapagos. Denisia, 35, 1 - 912."]}
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- 2020
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25. Metopus palaeformis Kahl 1927
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Durán-Ramírez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto Júnio Pedroso, and Estrada, Rosaura Mayén
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Metopus ,Metopidae ,Metopus palaeformis ,Heterotrichida ,Biodiversity ,Protozoa ,Ciliophora ,Heterotrichea ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Metopus palaeformis Kahl, 1927 Distribution. VENEZUELA: South margin of the Henri Pittier National Park, Biological Station Rancho Grande (Foissner 2016)., Published as part of Dur��n-Ram��rez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto J��nio Pedroso & Estrada, Rosaura May��n-, 2020, Checklist of ciliates (Alveolata: Ciliophora) that inhabit in bromeliads from the Neotropical Region, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4895 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4321437, {"references":["Foissner, W. (2016) Terrestrial and semiterrestrial ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from Venezuela and Galapagos. Denisia, 35, 1 - 912."]}
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- 2020
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26. Metopus minor Kahl 1927
- Author
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Dur��n-Ram��rez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto J��nio Pedroso, and Estrada, Rosaura May��n
- Subjects
Metopus ,Metopidae ,Heterotrichida ,Biodiversity ,Protozoa ,Ciliophora ,Heterotrichea ,Metopus minor ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Metopus minor Kahl, 1927 Distribution. ECUADOR: (Foissner et al. 2003), Published as part of Dur��n-Ram��rez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto J��nio Pedroso & Estrada, Rosaura May��n-, 2020, Checklist of ciliates (Alveolata: Ciliophora) that inhabit in bromeliads from the Neotropical Region, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4895 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4321437, {"references":["Foissner, W., Struder-Kypke, M., van der Staay, G., Moon-van der Staay, S. & Hackstein, J. (2003) Endemic ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from tank bromeliads (Bromeliaceae): a combined morphological, molecular, and ecological study. European Journal of Protistology, 39, 365 - 372. https: // doi. org / 10.1078 / 0932 - 4739 - 00005"]}
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- 2020
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27. Spirostomum minus Roux 1901
- Author
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Durán-Ramírez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto Júnio Pedroso, and Estrada, Rosaura Mayén
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Heterotrichida ,Biodiversity ,Spirostomidae ,Protozoa ,Ciliophora ,Spirostomum ,Spirostomum minus ,Heterotrichea ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Spirostomum minus Roux, 1901 Distribution. BRAZIL: Paran�� River between the Nupelia���s Field Station and the district of Porto S��o Jos��, S��o Pedro do Paran�� (Buosi et al. 2014 b, 2015), (Ad)., Published as part of Dur��n-Ram��rez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto J��nio Pedroso & Estrada, Rosaura May��n-, 2020, Checklist of ciliates (Alveolata: Ciliophora) that inhabit in bromeliads from the Neotropical Region, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4895 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4321437, {"references":["Buosi, P. R. B., Utz, L. R. P., de Meira, B. R., Segovia da Silva, B. T., Lansac-Toha, F. M., Lansac-Toha, F. A. L. & Velho, L. F. M. (2014 b) Rainfall influence on species composition of the ciliate community inhabiting bromeliad phytotelmata. Zoological Studies, 53, 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 40555 - 014 - 0032 - 4","Buosi, P. R. B., Cabral, A. F., Utz, L. R. P., Vieira, L. C. G. & Velho, L. F. M. (2015) Effects of seasonality and dispersal on the ciliate community inhabiting bromeliad phytotelmata in riparian vegetation of a large tropical river. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 62 (6), 737 - 749. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jeu. 12232"]}
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- 2020
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28. Metopus striatus McMurrich 1884
- Author
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Dur��n-Ram��rez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto J��nio Pedroso, and Estrada, Rosaura May��n
- Subjects
Metopus ,Metopus striatus ,Metopidae ,Heterotrichida ,Biodiversity ,Protozoa ,Ciliophora ,Heterotrichea ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Metopus striatus McMurrich, 1884 Distribution. BRAZIL: Paran�� River between the Nupelia���s Field Station and the district of Porto S��o Jos��, S��o Pedro do Paran�� (Buosi et al. 2014 b, 2015), (Ad)., Published as part of Dur��n-Ram��rez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto J��nio Pedroso & Estrada, Rosaura May��n-, 2020, Checklist of ciliates (Alveolata: Ciliophora) that inhabit in bromeliads from the Neotropical Region, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4895 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4321437, {"references":["Buosi, P. R. B., Utz, L. R. P., de Meira, B. R., Segovia da Silva, B. T., Lansac-Toha, F. M., Lansac-Toha, F. A. L. & Velho, L. F. M. (2014 b) Rainfall influence on species composition of the ciliate community inhabiting bromeliad phytotelmata. Zoological Studies, 53, 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 40555 - 014 - 0032 - 4","Buosi, P. R. B., Cabral, A. F., Utz, L. R. P., Vieira, L. C. G. & Velho, L. F. M. (2015) Effects of seasonality and dispersal on the ciliate community inhabiting bromeliad phytotelmata in riparian vegetation of a large tropical river. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 62 (6), 737 - 749. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jeu. 12232"]}
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- 2020
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29. Spirostomum ambiguum
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Durán-Ramírez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto Júnio Pedroso, and Estrada, Rosaura Mayén
- Subjects
Spirostomum ambiguum ,Heterotrichida ,Biodiversity ,Spirostomidae ,Protozoa ,Ciliophora ,Spirostomum ,Heterotrichea ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Spirostomum ambiguum 2 (M��ller, 1786) Ehrenberg, 1835 Distribution. JAMAICA: (Dunthorn et al. 2012)., Published as part of Dur��n-Ram��rez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto J��nio Pedroso & Estrada, Rosaura May��n-, 2020, Checklist of ciliates (Alveolata: Ciliophora) that inhabit in bromeliads from the Neotropical Region, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4895 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4321437, {"references":["Dunthorn, M., Stoeck, T., Wolf, K., Breiner, H. W. & Foissner, W. (2012) Diversity and endemism of ciliates inhabiting Neotropical phytotelmata. Systematics and Biodiversity, 10 (2), 195 - 205. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772000.2012.685195"]}
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- 2020
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30. Caenomorpha medusala Perty 1852
- Author
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Dur��n-Ram��rez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto J��nio Pedroso, and Estrada, Rosaura May��n
- Subjects
Caenomorpha ,Caenomorphidae ,Heterotrichida ,Caenomorpha medusala ,Biodiversity ,Protozoa ,Ciliophora ,Heterotrichea ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Caenomorpha medusala Perty, 1852 Distribution. BRAZIL: Paran�� River between the Nupelia���s Field Station and the district of Porto S��o Jos��, S��o Pedro do Paran�� (Buosi et al. 2014 b, 2015), (Ad)., Published as part of Dur��n-Ram��rez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto J��nio Pedroso & Estrada, Rosaura May��n-, 2020, Checklist of ciliates (Alveolata: Ciliophora) that inhabit in bromeliads from the Neotropical Region, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4895 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4321437, {"references":["Buosi, P. R. B., Utz, L. R. P., de Meira, B. R., Segovia da Silva, B. T., Lansac-Toha, F. M., Lansac-Toha, F. A. L. & Velho, L. F. M. (2014 b) Rainfall influence on species composition of the ciliate community inhabiting bromeliad phytotelmata. Zoological Studies, 53, 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 40555 - 014 - 0032 - 4","Buosi, P. R. B., Cabral, A. F., Utz, L. R. P., Vieira, L. C. G. & Velho, L. F. M. (2015) Effects of seasonality and dispersal on the ciliate community inhabiting bromeliad phytotelmata in riparian vegetation of a large tropical river. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 62 (6), 737 - 749. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jeu. 12232"]}
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- 2020
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31. Focusing on Genera to Improve Species Identification: Revised Systematics of the Ciliate Spirostomum.
- Author
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Boscaro, Vittorio, Carducci, Daniela, Barbieri, Giovanna, Senra, Marcus V.X., Andreoli, Ilaria, Erra, Fabrizio, Petroni, Giulio, Verni, Franco, and Fokin, Sergei I.
- Subjects
IDENTIFICATION ,SPECIES ,CILIATA ,SPIROSTOMUM ,BRACKISH water ecology - Abstract
Although many papers dealing with the description of new ciliate taxa are published each year, species taxonomy and identification in most groups of the phylum Ciliophora remain confused. This is largely due to a scarcity of surveys on the systematics of immediately higher levels (genera and families) providing data for old and new species together. Spirostomum is a common and distinctive inhabitant of fresh- and brackish water environments, including artificial and eutrophic ones, and is a good model for applied ecology and symbiosis research. Despite this, only 3 of the numerous species are commonly cited, and no studies have yet confirmed their monophyly, with the consequence that reproducibility of the results may be flawed. In this paper we present morphological and molecular data for 30 Spirostomum populations representing 6 different morphospecies, some of which were collected in previously unreported countries. We performed a detailed revision of Spirostomum systematics combining literature surveys, new data on hundreds of organisms and statistical and phylogenetic analyses; our results provide insights on the evolution, ecology and distribution of known morphospecies and a novel one: Spirostomum subtilis sp. n. We also offer tools for quick species identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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32. Clevelandella constricta
- Author
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Pecina, Lukáš and Vďačný, Peter
- Subjects
Chromista ,Heterotrichida ,Clevelandellidae ,Clevelandella ,Biodiversity ,Ciliophora ,Heterotrichea ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Clevelandella constricta (Kidder, 1937) Figs 1–3 Description of Vietnamese population Size in vivo about 100–155 × 25–50 μm, usually 120 × 35 μm, as calculated from some in vivo measurements and morphometric data; length:width ratio ranging from 3:1 to 4.2:1 after protargol impregnation (Table 1). Body spindle-shaped, more or less distinctly constricted in anterior third, usually widest at mid-portion, i.e., about at level of proximal end of adoral zone of membranelles; dorsoventrally flattened 1.4:1. Anterior end bluntly pointed; posterior body portion differentiated into a short, inconspicuous peristomial projection, distinctly constricted at its base; left and right body margins slightly concave at level of macronucleus (Figs 1 A–N, 3A, E–G). Macronucleus located in anterior second fifth of body length; ellipsoidal to almost spherical, with a length:width ratio of 1.1– 1.8: 1 in protargol preparations; 20–28 × 15–20 μm in size after protargol impregnation; filled with numerous globular structures (very likely nucleoli) 0.7–1.8 μm across after protargol impregnation, well recognizable in vivo and sometimes in lightly impregnated specimens. Karyophore attached to right and left cell’s margins in middle third of body, usually at level of macronucleus, rarely in midbody. Micronucleus attached to anterior side of macronucleus, i.e., near the place where longitudinal cell axis crosses macronucleus or on its left side; globular and about 4.1–4.3 × 4.5–4.7 μm in size in vivo (Table 1; Figs 1 A–L, 3E). Contractile vacuole near left body margin in posterior third of cell, i.e., close to canal leading to cytopyge (Fig. 1A, L). Cortex flexible, no cortical granules recognizable. Cytoplasm colorless; finely granulated; divided by karyophore into an anterior and a posterior part; cytoplasm anterior to macronucleus contains a frontal lamina transversely stretching slightly posterior to anterior body end and densely packed, oval, refractile bodies (probably paraglycogen platelets) observable in vivo and after protargol impregnation; compartment posterior to macronucleus contains some (symbiotic?) bacteria and/or archaea freely scattered throughout the main body portion and food a Data based on mounted, protargol-impregnated, and randomly selected specimens. Measurements in µm. vacuoles about 2.0–5.2 μm across and encompassing prey prokaryotes (Figs 1A, L, O–P, 3E). Swims slowly; dies quickly on microscope slides, possibly due to presence of oxygen. Somatic ciliature holotrichous; cilia about 4.5–6.5 μm long in vivo and narrowly arranged.Approximately 80 ciliary rows narrowly spaced over entire body surface and about 10 ciliary rows encroaching onto peristomial projection. Almost all ciliary rows commence from a whorl (posterior suture) on left side near contractile vacuole to radiate over ventral and dorsal sides toward right body margin; some kineties shortened anteriorly or posteriorly (Figs 1 M–N, 3F–G). Right suture extends from base of peristomial projection to anterior body end; formed by obliquely abutting ventral and dorsal ciliary rows (Figs 1N, arrow, 3G, white double arrowhead). Peristomial projection occupies on average 16% of body length and measures 12–23 × 15–20 μm in protargol preparations. Peristomial opening situated on ventral side of peristomial projection, triangular and short, i.e., about 11% of body length and 10–15 × 13–18 μm in size after protargol impregnation (Figs 1 A–M, 3A, E). Peristomial funnel approximately 50 μm long after protargol impregnation. Adoral zone extends obliquely from distal end of peristomial projection along left side of peristomial funnel to terminate about in mid-portion of cell; occupies 41% to 55% of body length; composed of on average 55 membranelles; cilia of distalmost membranelles about 9 μm long in vivo and projecting out of peristomial opening (Table 1; Figs 1A, L, 3E). Paroral membrane diplostichomonad, i.e., composed of two rows of basal bodies; extends in parallel with adoral zone but on opposite side of peristomial funnel; commences at level of proximal end of peristomial opening and terminates near cytostome at proximal end of peristomial funnel (Fig. 1L). Pharyngeal fibres spread from proximal end of adoral zone and paroral membrane, run transversely leftwards forming a conical funnel about 20 μm long in vivo. Notes on Thai I population The Thai population matches very well the Vietnamese population. However, the Thai population shows a slightly wider range in the body length (95–175 μm vs 100–155 μm) and is slightly more slender than the Vietnamese population (length:width ratio 3.4–5.0:1 vs 3.0– 4.2:1). The variability of body size and shape of the Thai population is summarized in Table 1 and shown in Figs 2 A–J, 3B–C., Published as part of Pecina, Lukáš & Vďačný, Peter, 2020, Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea), pp. 1-46 in European Journal of Taxonomy 697 on pages 7-12, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.697, http://zenodo.org/record/3978463, {"references":["Kidder G. W. 1937. The intestinal protozoa of the wood-feeding roach Panesthia. Parasitologica 29: 163 - 205."]}
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33. Clevelandella lynni Pecina & Vdacny 2020
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Pecina, Lukáš and Vďačný, Peter
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Chromista ,Heterotrichida ,Clevelandellidae ,Clevelandella ,Biodiversity ,Ciliophora ,Heterotrichea ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Clevelandella lynni Pecina & Vďačný, 2020 Description of Thai I population A detailed morphological description, including morphometric characterization, is provided in Pecina & Vďačný (2020). The original description is to be published in Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. To avoid nomenclatural problems, the name Clevelandella lynni is disclaimed here for nomenclatural purposes (Article 8.3 of the ICZN 1999)., Published as part of Pecina, Lukáš & Vďačný, Peter, 2020, Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea), pp. 1-46 in European Journal of Taxonomy 697 on page 16, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.697, http://zenodo.org/record/3978463, {"references":["Pecina L. & Vdacny P. 2020. Two new endozoic ciliates, Clevelandella lynni sp. n. and Nyctotherus galerus sp. n., isolated from the hindgut of the wood-feeding cockroach Panesthia angustipennis (Illiger, 1801). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 67: 436 - 449. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jeu. 12793"]}
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34. Clevelandella parapanesthiae
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Pecina, Lukáš and Vďačný, Peter
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Chromista ,Heterotrichida ,Clevelandellidae ,Clevelandella ,Biodiversity ,Ciliophora ,Heterotrichea ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Clevelandella parapanesthiae (Kidder, 1937) Figs 9–11 Description of Thai I population Size in vivo about 70–110 × 40–65 μm, usually 90 × 50 μm, as calculated from some in vivo measurements and morphometric data; length:width ratio very stable, i.e., ranging from 1.7:1 to 1.9: 1 in protargol preparations (Table 4). Body broadly spade-shaped, widest slightly above posterior third of body, i.e., just above level of contractile vacuole.Anterior end bluntly pointed; posterior body portion differentiated into a conspicuous, moderately long peristomial projection; left margin distinctly notched at base of peristomial projection and recurved posteriorly toward peristomial projection, forming a distinct lobe; dorsoventrally flattened 1.3:1 (Figs 9 A–N, 11C–D). Macronucleus located in second and third fourth of body, close to right body margin; tear-shaped with a length:width ratio of 2.1–3.4: 1 in protargol preparations; anterior end broadly rounded and near cell’s midline, posterior end acute and in parallel with right body margin; 27–47 × 12–17 μm in size after protargol impregnation; filled with numerous globular structures (presumably nucleoli) 0.6–1.6 μm in diameter after protargol impregnation, well observable in vivo and after protargol impregnation. Karyophore attached to right body margin near base of peristomial projection (Table 4; Figs 9 A–L, 11C–D). Micronucleus not observed. Contractile vacuole in lobe of left body side, i.e., at level of base of peristomial projection (Figs 9A, L, 11C). Cortex flexible, no cortical granules recognizable. Cytoplasm colorless; finely granulated; numerous refractile bodies scattered throughout cytoplasm; some (symbiotic?) bacteria and/or archaea freely scattered throughout main body portion; few food vacuoles, about 2.5–5.2 μm across and containing prey prokaryotes (Fig. 9A). Swims slowly; dies quickly on microscope slides, possibly due to presence of oxygen; body shape changes in dying and strongly squeezed cells, i.e., lobe of left side becomes less noticeable. a Data based on mounted, protargol-impregnated, and randomly selected specimens. Measurements in µm. Somatic ciliature holotrichous; cilia about 4.5–6.0 μm long in vivo and very narrowly arranged. About 90 ciliary rows narrowly spaced over entire body surface and about 25 ciliary rows running onto peristomial projection. Peristomial ciliary rows in a form of strongly oblique lines in ventral view, while in a form of shallow arcs in dorsal view (Fig. 9 M–N). Almost all body ciliary rows begin from a whorl (posterior suture) on left body side slightly above base of peristomial projection, i.e., near location of contractile vacuole (Fig. 9 M–N, arrowheads) to radiate over ventral and dorsal sides toward right body margin; some kineties shortened anteriorly or posteriorly. Right suture extends from base of peristomial projection to anterior body end; formed by obliquely abutting ventral and dorsal ciliary rows (Fig. 9M, arrow). Peristomial projection conspicuous because it occupies on average 24% of body length and measures 15–23 × 10–12 μm in protargol preparations. Peristomial opening situated on left side of peristomial projection, roughly triangular and slender, i.e., about 21% of body length and 13–20 × 7–9 μm in size after protargol impregnation (Figs 9 A–M, 11C–D). Peristomial funnel about 37 μm long in protargol preparations. Adoral zone extends slightly obliquely from distal end of peristomial projection across right side of peristomial funnel to terminate about in half of body length; occupies 41% to 57% of body length; composed of on average 38 membranelles; cilia of distalmost membranelles about 8 μm long in vivo and projecting out of peristomial funnel (Table 4; Figs 9A, L, 11 C–D). Paroral membrane diplostichomonad, i.e., composed of two rows of basal bodies; extends in parallel with adoral zone but on opposite side of peristomial funnel; commences about at level of proximal end of peristomial opening and terminates near cytostome at proximal end of peristomial funnel (Fig. 9L). Pharyngeal fibres originate from proximal end of adoral zone and paroral membrane, run transversely leftwards forming a conical funnel about 25–30 μm long in vivo. Notes on Vietnamese population The Vietnamese population exhibits similar morphological features as the Thai population. However, the Vietnamese population shows a slightly narrower range in the body length (70–90 μm vs 70–110 μm) and is slightly more slender (length:width ratio 1.8–2.1:1 vs 1.7–1.9:1) than the Thai population. The macronucleus is shorter in some Vietnamese specimens, but its variability completely falls within the range of the Thai population (length 26–35 μm vs 27–47 μm). The variability of body size and shape of the Vietnamese population is summarized in Table 4 and shown in Figs 10 A–J, 11A–B, E–G., Published as part of Pecina, Lukáš & Vďačný, Peter, 2020, Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea), pp. 1-46 in European Journal of Taxonomy 697 on pages 21-25, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.697, http://zenodo.org/record/3978463, {"references":["Kidder G. W. 1937. The intestinal protozoa of the wood-feeding roach Panesthia. Parasitologica 29: 163 - 205."]}
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35. Clevelandella hastula
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Pecina, Lukáš and Vďačný, Peter
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Chromista ,Heterotrichida ,Clevelandellidae ,Clevelandella ,Biodiversity ,Ciliophora ,Heterotrichea ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Clevelandella hastula (Kidder, 1937) Figs 4–5 Description of Vietnamese population Size in vivo about 75–105 × 25–35 μm, usually 90 × 30 μm, as calculated from some in vivo measurements and morphometric data; length:width ratio ranging from 2.6:1 to 3.5: 1 in protargol preparations (Table 2). Body spear-shaped, widest at mid-portion, i.e., about at level of contractile vacuole. Anterior end pointed; posterior body portion differentiated into a conspicuous, long peristomial projection; left side distinctly curved at level of proximal end of adoral zone of membranelles and hence forming a lobe above the base of peristomial projection (Figs 4 A–N, 5A–H). Macronucleus located in anterior second fourth of body; ellipsoidal, with a length:width ratio of 1.3–1.7: 1 in protargol preparations; 15–23 × 11–15 μm in size after protargol impregnation; filled with innumerable globular structures (presumably nucleoli) 0.7–1.8 μm in diameter after protargol impregnation, well observable in vivo and in some protargol preparations. Karyophore absent. Micronucleus invariably attached to anterior side of macronucleus; almost globular to broadly ellipsoidal with a length:width ratio of 1.0–1.7:1; about 4–6 × 3–4 μm in size after protargol impregnation (Table 2; Figs 4 A–L, 5B–F). Contractile vacuole just above base of peristomal projection near left body margin, i.e., at level of proximal end of peristomial funnel (Fig. 4A, L). Cortex flexible, no cortical granules recognizable. Cytoplasm colorless; finely granulated; refractile bodies concentrated in cytoplasm anteriorly to macronucleus, recognizable in vivo and after protargol impregnation; cytoplasm posterior to macronucleus contains some free (symbiotic?) bacteria and/or archaea and food vacuoles about 2.5–4.0 μm across with prey prokaryotes (Figs 4A, 5 B–F). Swims slowly; dies quickly on microscope slides, possibly due to presence of oxygen; body shape changes in dying and strongly squeezed cells, i.e., left margin loses a small notch at level of the base of peristomial projection (Fig. 5 F–H). a Data based on mounted, protargol-impregnated, and randomly selected specimens. Measurements in µm. Somatic ciliature holotrichous; cilia about 4.0–6.0 μm long in vivo and very narrowly arranged. Approximately 80 ciliary rows narrowly spaced over entire body surface and about 25 ciliary rows running onto peristomial projection. Peristomial ciliary rows in a form of strongly oblique lines in ventral view, while in a form of shallow arcs in dorsal view (Figs 4 M–N, 5G–H). Almost all body ciliary rows begin from a whorl (posterior suture) on left body side about at level of proximal end of peristomial funnel, i.e., near location of contractile vacuole (Figs 4 M–N, arrowheads, 5G–H, asterisks) to radiate over ventral and dorsal sides toward right body margin; some kineties shortened anteriorly or posteriorly. Right suture extends from base of peristomial projection to anterior body end; formed by obliquely abutting ventral and dorsal ciliary rows (Fig. 4M, arrow). Peristomial projection conspicuous because it occupies on average 38% of body length and measures 23–34 × 9–15 μm after protargol impregnation. Peristomial opening situated on left ventral side of peristomial projection, roughly triangular and relatively large, i.e., about 17% of body length and 11–15 × 9–12 μm in size after protargol impregnation (Figs 4 A–M, 5A–G). Peristomial funnel approximately 34 μm long in protargol preparations. Adoral zone extends slightly obliquely from distal end of peristomial projection across right side of peristomial funnel to terminate about at level of base of peristomial projection; occupies 36% to 50% of body length; composed of on average 32 membranelles; cilia of distalmost membranelles about 8 μm long in vivo and projecting out of peristomial funnel (Table 2; Figs 4A, L, 5 B–G). Paroral membrane diplostichomonad, i.e., composed of two rows of basal bodies; runs in parallel with adoral zone on opposite side of peristomial funnel; commences about at level of proximal end of peristomial opening and terminates near cytostome at proximal end of peristomial funnel (Figs 4L, 5E). Pharyngeal fibres originate from proximal end of adoral zone and paroral membrane, run transversely leftwards forming a conical funnel about 12 μm long in vivo., Published as part of Pecina, Lukáš & Vďačný, Peter, 2020, Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea), pp. 1-46 in European Journal of Taxonomy 697 on pages 12-13, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.697, http://zenodo.org/record/3978463, {"references":["Kidder G. W. 1937. The intestinal protozoa of the wood-feeding roach Panesthia. Parasitologica 29: 163 - 205."]}
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36. Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
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Lukáš Pecina and Peter Vďačný
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020209 energy ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,shape analysis ,02 engineering and technology ,Armophorea ,18S ribosomal RNA ,boats ,Ciliophora (awaiting allocation) ,species concepts ,boats.ship_class ,021105 building & construction ,Genotype ,Clevelandellidae ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Ciliophora ,Gene ,cell outline ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Taxonomy ,Ciliate ,Chromista ,biology ,18S rRNA gene ,Botany ,Hindgut ,Biodiversity ,biology.organism_classification ,Phenotype ,Heterotrichea ,Taxon ,QL1-991 ,Evolutionary biology ,QK1-989 ,Heterotrichida ,Zoology ,morphometry - Abstract
The endozoic ciliates of the family Clevelandellidae Kidder, 1938 typically inhabit the hindgut of wood-feeding panesthiine cockroaches. To assess the consistency of species delimitation in clevelandellids, we tested the utility of three sources of taxonomic data: morphometric measurements, cell geometrical information, and 18S rRNA gene sequences. The morphometric and geometrical data delimited the clevelandellid morphospecies consistently and unambiguously. However, only Paraclevelandia brevis Kidder, 1937 represented a homogenous taxon in both morphological and molecular analyses; the morphospecies Clevelandella constricta (Kidder, 1937) and C. hastula (Kidder, 1937) contained two or three distinct, more or less closely related genotypes each; and the genetic homogeneity of the morphospecies C. panesthiae (Kidder, 1937) and C. parapanesthiae (Kidder, 1937) was not corroborated by the 18S rRNA gene sequences at all. Moreover, the 18S rRNA gene phylogenies suggested the C. panesthiae-like morphotype to be the ancestral phenotype from which all other clevelandellid morphotypes arose. The only exception was the C. constricta-like morphotype, which very likely branched off before the diversification of the C. panesthiae-like progenitor. The present molecular analyses also suggested that a huge proportion of the clevelandellid diversity still waits to be discovered, since examination of only four panesthiine populations revealed 10 distinct clevelandellid genotypes/molecular species.
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37. Stentor muelleri Ehrenberg 1831
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Taher, Md Abu, Kabir, Ahmed Salahuddin, Shazib, Shahed Uddin Ahmed, Kim, Min Seok, and Shin, Mann Kyoon
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Heterotrichida ,Stentor muelleri ,Animalia ,Stentor ,Biodiversity ,Stentoridae ,Ciliophora ,Heterotrichea ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Stentor muelleri Ehrenberg, 1831 (Figs. 3���5, Tables 1, 2) Improved diagnosis. Body size 205���570 �� 60���180 ��m in vivo (on average 365 �� 135 ��m), 500���1200 �� 60���150 ��m when extended, about 70���190 �� 35���140 ��m after protargol impregnation. Body slender trumpet-shaped to conical when extended, colorless cortical granules scattered throughout whole body, contractile vacuole with connecting canal located in anterior left margin adjacent to peristome, 9���15 peristomial kineties, 30���80 somatic ciliary rows, 5���14 moniliform spherical macronuclear nodules located at mid-body, 7���20 micronuclei located around macronuclear nodules. Mucilaginous lorica present. Locality and habitat. Freshwater pond, Gonggeomji in Yangjeong-ri, Gonggeom-myeon, Sangju-si, Gyeongsanbuk-do, Korea (36��30���45.0������N, 128��09���42.5������E). Voucher material. A slide with protargol-stained specimens was deposited in the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), Incheon, Korea, with registration number NIBRPR0000110185. The slide contains many specimens, but relevant specimens are marked by black ink circles on the slide. Description. Cell size 205���570 �� 60���180 ��m in vivo (on average 365 �� 135 ��m in vivo) (Fig. 4A), when fully extended they are 500���1200 ��m in length and 60���150 ��m in width in the peristomial area (Fig. 4D) usually about 70���190 �� 35���140 ��m in protargol impregnated specimens (Fig. 5A). Body slender trumpet-shaped when fully extended, and inverted pear-shaped in contracted specimens (Fig. 4A, D, 5A). The specimens appear dark and colorless under lower magnification (Fig. 4D, E). A small individual of S. muelleri has some brown or yellowish color spots scattered throughout the body, most likely caused by crystals or foods (Fig. 4A). Colorless cortical granules scattered between somatic kinety rows, round or oval-shaped 0.5���0.8 ��m in diameter (Fig. 4F). Cortex thin and translucent, which makes cytoplasmic organelles identifiable (Fig. 4A). 30���82 longitudinal rows of somatic cilia on surface of body parallel to the antero-posterior axis (Fig. 3D, E, 4F, 5A). Somatic cilia arise from dikinetids, 7���13 ��m long (Fig. 3C, D, arrowhead, 4F). Mitochondria (?)- type organelles were also spread on the pellicle (Fig. 4G). One contractile vacuole with a long collecting canal, located left of the peristome, 30 ��m in diameter during diastole (Fig. 3A, 4H). Peristomial area contains 9 to 15 peristomial kineties, size of peristomial cilia alike somatic cilia (Fig. 3D, 4B, 5A, B). Buccal pouch absent. Adoral zone of membranelles composed of 120���225 membranelles (Fig. 3D, 4B, 5B). The longest adoral membranelles are 10���20 ��m long. The paroral membrane is typical of the genus, consisted of a single and continuous row of thin cilia, 25���50 ��m long surrounding peristome (Fig. 3D, 5A, C). Nuclear apparatus consists of a moniliform macronucleus with 5���14 spherical nodules almost 5���25 ��m in diameter in vivo (Fig. 3A, E, 4A, 5B). Seven to 20 spherical micronuclei, 1���4 ��m in diameter in vivo located near macronuclear nodules (Fig. 4C, 5B). Cells usually live inside of mucilaginous lorica (Fig. 4D, arrowhead) composed of sand grains and other sticky particles, with length 150���700 ��m. Food vacuoles are 4���35 ��m in diameter; containing bacteria and diatoms as food (Fig. 3A). Lipid droplets, 2���10 ��m in diameter, scattered throughout body. Cell has a holdfast organelle that assists with attachment to the substrate of benthic bottom or basement of lorica (Fig. 4A, arrowhead)., Published as part of Taher, Md Abu, Kabir, Ahmed Salahuddin, Shazib, Shahed Uddin Ahmed, Kim, Min Seok & Shin, Mann Kyoon, 2020, Morphological Redescriptions and Molecular Phylogeny of Three Stentor Species (Ciliophora: Heterotrichea: Stentoridae) from Korea, pp. 435-452 in Zootaxa 4732 (3) on pages 439-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4732.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3667262, {"references":["Ehrenberg, C. G. (1831) Uber die Entwickelung und Lebensdauer der Infusionsthiere; nebst ferneren Beitragen zu einer Vergleichung ihrer organischen Systeme. Physikalische Abhandlungen der Ko ¨ niglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1831, l- 154."]}
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38. Morphological Redescriptions and Molecular Phylogeny of Three Stentor Species (Ciliophora: Heterotrichea: Stentoridae) from Korea
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Abu Taher, Ahmed Salahuddin Kabir, Min Seok Kim, Shahed Uddin Ahmed Shazib, and Mann Kyoon Shin
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China ,medicine.disease_cause ,Monophyly ,Phylogenetics ,Republic of Korea ,medicine ,Animals ,Animalia ,Stentoridae ,Ciliophora ,Phylogeny ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Taxonomy ,Macronucleus ,biology ,Protist ,Stentor muelleri ,Biodiversity ,DNA, Protozoan ,Ribosomal RNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Heterotrichea ,Evolutionary biology ,Molecular phylogenetics ,Heterotrichida ,Stentor coeruleus ,Animal Science and Zoology - Abstract
The morphologies of the three freshwater stentorid ciliates in Korea, Stentor coeruleus (Pallas, 1766); Stentor muelleri Ehrenberg, 1831, and Stentor tartari Murthy & Bai, 1974, were investigated based on live observations and protargol impregnation. The Korean population of S. tartari exhibits the following characteristics: body size 200–355 × 85–135 µm in vivo, 62–106 somatic kineties, 8–13 peristomial kineties, 110–180 adoral membranelles, mostly two macronuclear nodules and 5–18 micronuclei, reddish and colorless cortical granules and the presence of symbiotic algae. We identified S. tartari based on unique characteristics compared to close congeners. Korean populations of S. coeruleus and S. muelleri are congruent with previously described populations in most aspects of their morphologies. Here, for the first time, we report molecular gene sequence information for S. tartari. Small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequence-based phylogeny indicates that S. tartari, which has multiple macronuclei, forms a monophyletic group with other Stentor species having a single macronucleus. Our findings based on morphology and SSU rRNA gene sequence information corroborate the hypothesis that the elongated macronucleus evolved from the compact single or multi macronucleus state.
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39. Stentor tartari Murthy & Bai 1974
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Taher, Md Abu, Kabir, Ahmed Salahuddin, Shazib, Shahed Uddin Ahmed, Kim, Min Seok, and Shin, Mann Kyoon
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Heterotrichida ,Animalia ,Stentor ,Biodiversity ,Stentoridae ,Stentor tartari ,Ciliophora ,Heterotrichea ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Stentor tartari Murthy & Bai, 1974 (Figs. 6���8, Tables 1, 2) Improved diagnosis. Body size 200���355 �� 85���135 ��m in vivo (on average 300 �� 105 ��m), 250���700 �� 70���135 ��m when extended, about 200 �� 160 ��m after protargol impregnation. Body slender trumpet-shaped to conical when extended, irregular pinkish and colorless cortical granules scattered throughout whole body, symbiotic green algae present, contractile vacuole located in anterior 1/3 of body near left margin with a collecting canal, 8���13 peristomial kineties, 62���106 somatic ciliary rows, 1���4 (average 2) macronuclear nodules located at mid-body. 5���18 micronuclei located around macronuclear nodules. Locality and habitat. Small freshwater pond (0 psu), Cheongnyang-myeon, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, Korea (35��31��� 47��N, 129��13��� 41��E). Voucher material. A protargol-stained slide with fixed specimens was deposited at the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), Incheon, Korea, with registration number NIBRPR0000107178. The voucher specimens are marked by a black ink circles on the slide. Description. The freely motile cell is inverted pear-shaped and size ranges, 200���355 �� 85���135 ��m (on average 300 �� 105 ��m) in vivo (Fig. 7A). After extension, when cell relaxed, the body looks like trumpet-shaped and size ranges, 250���700 ��m in length and 70���135 ��m in width in the peristomial area. Specimens shrink considerably after protargol impregnation, i.e., 95���310 �� 75���230 ��m (on average 200 �� 160 ��m) (Fig. 8A). Two types of cortical granules, colored and colorless, irregularly arranged between somatic kineties (Fig. 7C, D). The colored cortical granules appeared pinkish red, reddish, or brown red, round or oval-shaped 0.5���1 ��m in diameter (Fig. 7C, D). Density of the colored cortical granules is higher in anterior than in mid to posterior parts of body (Fig. 7A). Colorless cortical granules are smaller than reddish granules; shape of colorless cortical granules is round to oval, 0.3���0.5 ��m in diameter (Fig. 7C). Transparent cortex makes cytoplasmic organelles easily identifiable (Fig. 7A, C, F). Sixtytwo to 106 parallel somatic kineties composed of dikinetids longitudinally arranged parallel to antero-posterior axis of cell (Fig. 6E, F, 7C, 8B). Each somatic cilium is 6���12 ��m long (Fig. 7D). Average gap between adjacent somatic kineties is 7 ��m in vivo. Mitochondria (?)-like organelles distributed on pellicle slightly more densely packed near somatic kineties (Fig. 7D, arrowhead). One contractile vacuole with a long collecting canal located left of the buccal cavity about 35 ��m in diameter during diastole (Fig. 6A, 7G). Eight to 17 peristomial kineties were observed in peristomial region (Fig. 6E, 7B, 8B) and size of peristomial cilia was similar to the size of somatic cilia. Buccal pouch absent. Adoral zone of membranelles conspicuous consist of 110���180 membranelles (Fig. 6E, 7B, 8B). Adoral zone of membranelles surrounds the peristome and finally ends at the buccal cavity (Fig. 7A, 8A). The longest adoral membranelle, 12 ��m long. The Paroral membrane is typical of the genus, consisted of a single and continuous row of thin cilia, 20���35 ��m long (Fig. 6E, 8B). Nuclear apparatus comprised of 1���5 spherical macronuclear nodules (on average 2), about 20���35 ��m in diameter in vivo, usually located at the mid-body, however the position of macronuclear nodules is not fixed (Fig. 7A, F, 8A, C). Five to 18 spherical micronuclei with a diameter of 1���2 ��m in vivo adjacent to macronuclear nodules (Fig. 7F, 8C). Symbiotic algae, 2���4 ��m in diameter in vivo, present throughout body giving it a dark to light green appearance (Fig. 7A, E, 8A). Food vacuoles are 5���30 ��m in diameter; contain bacteria, diatoms as food (Fig. 6A). Lipid droplets 2���5 ��m in diameter scattered throughout body. Holdfast organelle present at posterior end of cell (Fig. 7E, inset: arrowhead); colored cortical granules densely packed in this region exhibiting a red appearance (Fig. 7A)., Published as part of Taher, Md Abu, Kabir, Ahmed Salahuddin, Shazib, Shahed Uddin Ahmed, Kim, Min Seok & Shin, Mann Kyoon, 2020, Morphological Redescriptions and Molecular Phylogeny of Three Stentor Species (Ciliophora: Heterotrichea: Stentoridae) from Korea, pp. 435-452 in Zootaxa 4732 (3) on pages 441-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4732.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3667262, {"references":["Murthy, K. V. N. & Bai, A. R. K. (1974) Stentor tartari sp. n. from India. The Journal of Protozoology, 21, 505 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1550 - 7408.1974. tb 03687. x"]}
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40. Stentor coeruleus Ehrenberg 1831
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Taher, Md Abu, Kabir, Ahmed Salahuddin, Shazib, Shahed Uddin Ahmed, Kim, Min Seok, and Shin, Mann Kyoon
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Heterotrichida ,Animalia ,Stentor ,Stentor coeruleus ,Biodiversity ,Stentoridae ,Ciliophora ,Heterotrichea ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Stentor coeruleus (Pallas, 1766) Ehrenberg, 1831 (Figs. 1, 2, Tables 1, 2) Improved diagnosis: The Korean Stentor coeruleus population is highly contractile, cell size is 250���400 �� 105���160 ��m in vivo but can become more than 1000 ��m during complete extension. 100���239 �� 80���185 ��m after protargol impregnation. They are trumpet-shaped when completely extended, but freely motile or contracted specimens are inverted pear-shaped. Under low magnification, specimens are blue green in color but at higher magnification cortical granules are reddish brown in the absence of symbiotic algae; a contractile vacuole is present on the left of the oral cavity. 55���65 somatic kineties are longitudinally arranged; 20���25 peristomial kineties are vertically arranged within adoral zone membranelles; 145���165 adoral membranelles comprise the peristome. The moniliform macronucleus is composed of 6���15 spherical nodules. Micronucleus and lorica were not observed in the present study. Locality and habitat: freshwater pond, Bugokji pond in Samrak-ri, Maam-myeon, Goseong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do province, Korea (35��01���35.2������N, 128��20���40.2������E). Voucher material: A slide with protargol-stained specimens was deposited in the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), Incheon, Korea, with registration number NIBRPR0000109602. The slide includes many specimens, but the relevant specimens are marked by a black ink circle on the slide. Description: The freely motile cell is inverted pear-shaped and size ranges 250���400 �� 105���160 ��m (on average 325 �� 125 ��m) (Figs. 1A, 2B). After extension, when cell relaxed, the body looks like trumpet-shaped and size ranges, 575���1050 ��m in length and 120���135 ��m in width in the peristomial area (Fig. 1A). The specimens shrink considerably after protargol impregnation, i.e., 100���239 �� 80���285 ��m (on average 165 �� 116 ��m) (Figs. 1D, E, 2 H���J). Greenish (due to limitations of microscope and camera, CG appears greenish-brown in pictures) cortical granules (~ 0.5 ��m in diameter) irregularly arranged densely between somatic kineties (Fig. 2D). The transparent cortex makes cytoplasmic organelles easily identifiable (Figs. 2B, E, G). 55���65 somatic kineties composed of dikinetids longitudinally arranged parallel to the antero-posterior axis of cell (Figs. 1D, E, 2D, J). Each somatic cilium is 11���12 ��m long (Fig. 1C). One contractile vacuole without any visible collecting canal located left of the buccal cavity about 38 ��m in diameter during diastole (Fig. 2E). 20���25 peristomial kineties present in the peristomial region (Figs. 1D, E, 2C, I). The size of the peristomial cilia is similar to that of somatic cilia. The buccal cavity is clearly visible. Adoral zone of membranelles conspicuous, consisting of 145���165 membranelles (Figs. 1D, E, 2C, I). Adoral zone of membranelles surrounding the peristome ends at the buccal cavity (Figs. 1A, D, 2B, C, I). The breadth of adoral membranelles 12���13 ��m long, feather-like extension is nearly 33 ��m. The paroral membrane is typical of the genus, consisted of a single and continuous row of thin cilia, 20���35 ��m long (Fig. 2C). Nuclear apparatus comprised of 6���12 spherical macronuclear nodules and each nodule are connected by macronuclear bridges; nodules are globular (20���22 ��m in diameter in vivo) to ellipsoidal (25���30 ��m in length), usually located at the mid-body; however, the position of macronuclear nodules is not fixed (Figs. 1E, 2G, H). Micronucleus was not observed. Food vacuoles are 20���30 ��m in diameter; contain bacteria and algae (Figs. 1A, 2B). Lipid droplets 1.5���3.5 ��m in diameter scattered throughout the body (Fig. 2E). Holdfast organelle present at the posterior end of the cell (Fig. 2F)., Published as part of Taher, Md Abu, Kabir, Ahmed Salahuddin, Shazib, Shahed Uddin Ahmed, Kim, Min Seok & Shin, Mann Kyoon, 2020, Morphological Redescriptions and Molecular Phylogeny of Three Stentor Species (Ciliophora: Heterotrichea: Stentoridae) from Korea, pp. 435-452 in Zootaxa 4732 (3) on pages 436-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4732.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3667262, {"references":["Pallas, P. S. (1766) Elenchus Zoophytorum. Petrum van Cleef, Hagae-Comitum, 451 pp.","Ehrenberg, C. G. (1831) Uber die Entwickelung und Lebensdauer der Infusionsthiere; nebst ferneren Beitragen zu einer Vergleichung ihrer organischen Systeme. Physikalische Abhandlungen der Ko ¨ niglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1831, l- 154."]}
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- 2020
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41. Phylogeny of two poorly known ciliate genera (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea), with notes on the redefinition of Gruberia uninucleata Kahl, 1932 and Linostomella vorticella (Ehrenberg, 1833) based on populations found in China
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Yong Chi, Qianqian Zhang, Alan Warren, Weibo Song, Yuqing Li, Mingzhen Ma, and Xiangrui Chen
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Ciliate ,Linostomella ,biology ,Phylogenetics ,Vorticella ,Zoology ,biology.organism_classification ,Heterotrichea - Abstract
Background Heterotrichous ciliates are common members of microeukaryote communities which play important roles in the transfer of material and energy flow in aquatic food webs. This group has been known over two centuries due to their large body size and cosmopolitan distribution. Nevertheless, species identification and phylogenetic relationships of heterotrichs remain challenging due to the lack of accurate morphological information and insufficient molecular data. Results The morphology and phylogeny of two poorly known heterotrichous ciliates, Gruberia uninucleata Kahl, 1932 and Linostomella vorticella (Ehrenberg, 1833) Aescht in Foissner et al. , 1999, were investigated based on their living morphology, infraciliature, and small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequence data. Based on a combination of previous and present studies, detailed morphometric data and the improved diagnoses of both species are supplied here. In addition, molecular data of the two species are reported for the first time. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA sequence data support the generic assignment of these two species. Conclusions Two insufficiently studied species, G. uninucleata and L. vorticella , are redefined using state-of-the-art methods. Previous reports on these two species are re-evaluated in the light of present findings.
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- 2020
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42. Distinguishing Activities in the Photodynamic Arsenals of the Pigmented Ciliates Blepharisma sinuosum Sawaya, 1940 and Blepharisma japonicum Suzuki, 1954 (Ciliophora: Heterotrichea)
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Karen Wohnrath, Inácio Domingos da Silva-Neto, Noemi M. Fernandes, Lohaine F. Guimaraes, Michael Schweikert, Cleber Bonfim Barreto, Giulio Petroni, Jéssica Cavaleiro, Carlos A. G. Soares, Flávia Marszaukowski, Osvaldo N. Oliveira, Talita A. Ribeiro, Federico Buonanno, Nathally B. Oliveira, Paulo H. S. Picciani, and Claudio Ortenzi
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0301 basic medicine ,030106 microbiology ,Bacillus cereus ,Settore BIO/05 - Zoologia ,Blepharisma ,Biochemistry ,HeLa ,Lethal Dose 50 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pigment ,Species Specificity ,Humans ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Ciliophora ,Blepharisma sinuosum ,biology ,Blepharismin ,Chemistry ,Blepharisma japonicum ,biological activities ,blepharismins ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,Blepharisma, blepharismins, biological activities ,Photochemotherapy ,visual_art ,NEOPLASIAS ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,sense organs ,Heterotrichea ,HeLa Cells - Abstract
Blepharismins are photodynamic hypericin-like dianthrones produced as a variable pigment blend in Blepharisma ciliates and mostly studied in the Afro-Asiatic Blepharisma japonicum. The present work describes the bioactivity of pigments from the Brazilian Blepharisma sinuosum. Comparative analyses showed that the pigments from both species can trigger photo-induced modifications in phospholipids, but different redox properties and biological activities were assigned for each pigment blend. Stronger activities were detected for B. sinuosum pigments, with the lethal concentration LC50 10 × lower than B. japonicum pigments in light-irradiated tests against Bacillus cereus and less than half for treatments on the human HeLa tumor cells. HPLC showed B. sinuosum producing a simpler pigment blend, mostly with the blepharismin-C (~ 70%) and blepharismin-E (~ 30%) types. Each blepharismin engaged a specific dose-response profile on sensitive cells. The blepharismin-B and blepharismin-C were the most toxic pigments, showing LC50 ~ 2.5-3.0 µm and ~ 100 µm on B. cereus and HeLa cells, respectively, after illumination. Similarity clustering analysis compiling the bioactivity data revealed two groups of blepharismins: the most active, B and C, and the less active, A, D and E. The B. sinuosum pigment blend includes one representative of each clade. Functional and medical implications are discussed.
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- 2020
43. Comparative analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) and evaluation of its suitability as a biodiversity marker.
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Strüder-Kypke, MichaelaC. and Lynn, DenisH.
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CYTOCHROME oxidase , *CILIATA , *TETRAHYMENA , *PARAMECIUM , *NUCLEOTIDE sequence , *EUKARYOTIC cells , *NUCLEOTIDES , *BIOLOGICAL evolution , *GENETICS , *DNA primers - Abstract
The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene of ciliates was first successfully sequenced in species of the genera Tetrahymena and Paramecium (Class Oligohymenophorea). The sequence of the COI gene is extremely divergent from other eukaryotes and includes an insert, which is over 300 nucleotides long. In this study, we designed a primer pair that successfully amplified the COI gene of ciliates from five different classes: Heterotrichea, Spirotrichea, Oligohymenophorea, Nassophorea and Colpodea. These classes represent the diversity of the phylum Ciliophora very well, since they are widely distributed on the ciliate small subunit rRNA tree. The amplified region is approximately 850 nucleotides long and corresponds to the general barcoding region; it also includes the insert region. In this study, 58 new COI sequences from over 38 species in 13 orders are analysed and compared, and distance trees are constructed. While the COI gene shows high divergence within ciliates, the insert region, which is present in all classes, is even more divergent. Genetic distances calculated with and without the insert region remain in the same range at the intraspecific level, but they differ considerably at or above genus level. This suggests that the entire barcoding region is under similar selective constraints and that the evolutionary rate of the ciliate COI is extremely high and shows unequal rate variation. Although many problems still remain regarding standardization of barcoding methods in ciliates, the development of a universal or almost universal primer combination for the Phylum Ciliophora represents important progress. As shown in four examples, the resolution of COI at the intraspecific level is much greater than that of any nuclear genes and shows great potential to (1) identify species based on molecular data if a reliable database exists, and (2) resolve the relationships of closely related ciliate taxa and uncover cryptic species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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44. Molecular Phylogeny of the Heterotrichea (Ciliophora, Postciliodesmatophora) Based on Small Subunit rRNA Gene Sequences.
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SCHMIDT, STEPHANIE L., FOISSNER, WILHELM, SCHLEGEL, MARTIN, and BERNHARD, DETLEF
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CILIATA , *MOLECULAR phylogeny , *RECOMBINANT DNA , *GENES , *CELL nuclei - Abstract
A comprehensive molecular analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the Heterotrichea including all described families is still lacking. For this reason, the complete nuclear small subunit (SSU) rDNA was sequenced from further representatives of the Blepharismidae and the Stentoridae. In addition, the SSU rDNA of a new, undescribed species of the genus Condylostomides (Condylostomatidae) was sequenced. The detailed phylogenetic analyses revealed a consistent branching pattern: while the terminal branches are generally well resolved, the basal relationships remain unsolved. Moreover, the data allow some conclusions about the macronuclear evolution within the genera Blepharisma, Stentor, and Spirostomum suggesting that a single, compact macronucleus represents the ancestral state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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45. First Record of Two Spirostomum Species (Spirostomatidae, Heterotrichida, Heterotrichea) of Ciliates from Jindo Island in Korea
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Mann Kyoon Shin, Min Seok Kim, and Ji Hye Kim
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Macronucleus ,biology ,General Engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Spirostomum ,Anatomy ,Body size ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Heterotrichida ,Slender body ,Spirostomum ambiguum ,Heterotrichea - Abstract
Two Spirostomum species were collected from freshwater in Jindo Island, Korea and identified as Spirostomum ambiguum (Muller, 1786) Ehrenberg, 1835 and Spirostomum minus Roux, 1901. This study is the first known morphological record of these two species being found in Korea. The description is based on the observation of living specimens and protargol impregnated specimens. Diagnostics of Spirostomum ambiguum: body size 340- 930×45-80 μm in vivo; long and slender body with truncated posterior part; macronucleus moniliform with 7-22 nodules; cortical granules irregularly arranged 4-5 rows in between somatic kineties; 24-58 somatic kineties arranged longitudinally; adoral zone of membranelles (AZM) covered about 60-80% of body length. Diagnostics of Spirostomum minus: body size 500-730×35-45 μm in vivo; long and slender body with truncated posterior part; macronucleus moniliform with 11-16 nodules; micronucleus 20-37 oval shape; cortical granules regularly arranged 3-4 rows in between somatic kineties; 20-30 somatic kineties arranged longitudinally; AZM covered about 40-50% of body length with 120-150 adoral membranelles.
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- 2016
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46. Expanded phylogenetic analyses of the class Heterotrichea (Ciliophora, Postciliodesmatophora) using five molecular markers and morphological data
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Inácio Domingos da Silva-Neto, Martin Schlegel, Thiago da Silva Paiva, Noemi M. Fernandes, and Carlos G. Schrago
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Genetic Markers ,0301 basic medicine ,Bayesian probability ,Biology ,Bayesian inference ,DNA, Ribosomal ,Coalescent theory ,Electron Transport Complex IV ,Evolution, Molecular ,03 medical and health sciences ,Tubulin ,Molecular evolution ,RNA, Ribosomal, 18S ,Genetics ,Ciliophora ,Molecular Biology ,Phylogeny ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Phylogenetic tree ,Bayes Theorem ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Maximum parsimony ,030104 developmental biology ,Evolutionary biology ,Spirostomidae ,Heterotrichea - Abstract
Most studies of the molecular evolution of Heterotrichea have been based solely on the 18S-rDNA gene, which were inconsistent with morphological classification. Because of the limitations of single locus phylogenies and the recurring problem of lack of resolution of deeper nodes found in previous studies, we present hypotheses of the evolution of internal groups of the class Heterotrichea based on multi-loci analyses (18S-rDNA, 28S-rDNA, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region, COI and alpha-tubulin) and morphological data. Phylogenetic trees from protein coding gene data are presented for Heterotrichea for the first time. Phylogenetic analyses included Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony methods, and optimal trees were statistically compared to alternative topologies from the literature. Additionally, the Bayesian concordance approach (BCA algorithm) was used to assess the concordance factor between topologies obtained from isolated analyses. Because different loci may evolve at different rates, resulting in different gene topologies, we also estimated a species tree for Heterotrichea using the STAR coalescence-based method. The results show that: (1) single gene trees are inconsistent regarding the position of some heterotrichean families; (2) the concatenation of all data in a total-evidence tree improved the resolution of deep nodes among the heterotrichean families and genera; (3) the coalescent-based species tree is consistent with phylogenies based on the 18S-rDNA gene and shows Spirostomidae as the stem group of Heterotrichea; (4) however, the total-evidence tree suggests that the large Heterotrichea cluster is divided into nine lineages in which Peritromidae diverges at the base of the Heterotrichea tree.
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- 2016
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47. Phacodinium metchnikoffi Prowazek 1900
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Durán-Ramírez, Carlos Alberto and Mayén-Estrada, Rosaura
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Chromista ,Phacodiniidae ,Heterotrichida ,Biodiversity ,Ciliophora ,Heterotrichea ,Phacodinium ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Phacodinium metchnikoffi (Certes, 1891) Prowazek, 1900 Certes, A. 1891. Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr. 4: 536–541. Habitat. Moss, soil. Distribution. Brazil: Rio Negro, Anavilhanas archipielago (2°38’09.53’’S 60°55’33.53’’W). Mexico: Oaxaca, near San Pablo Huitzo (17°15’34.10’’N 96°52’24.42’’W). Venezuela: Apure, near El Sapo (5°41’33.29’’N 67°36’18.70’’W). Aragua, Biological Station Rancho Grande (10°23’20.36’’N 67°37’07.85’’W); near Ocumare (10°30’00.05’’N 67°37’33.64’’W). Guárico, near Cabruta (7°38’49.83’’N 66°14’10.58’’W). References. Cruz-Jiménez 2017; Foissner 1997, 2016., Published as part of Durán-Ramírez, Carlos Alberto & Mayén-Estrada, Rosaura, 2018, Ciliate species from tank-less bromeliads in a dry tropical forest and their geographical distribution in the Neotropics, pp. 241-257 in Zootaxa 4497 (2) on page 252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4497.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1452159, {"references":["Certes, A. (1891) Note sur deux infusoires nouveaux des environs de Paris. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 4, 536 - 541.","Prowazek, S. von (1900) Protozoenstudien II. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Instituten der Universitat Wien, 12, 243 - 300.","Cruz-Jimenez, G. (2017) Riqueza de ciliados (Protozoa: Ciliophora) que habitan en Campylopus pilifer Brid. (Bryophyta) en un gradiente altitudinal en el estado de Oaxaca. Undergraduated thesis, Universidad de la Sierra Juarez, Mexico, 69 pp.","Foissner, W. (1997) Soil ciliates (Protozoa: Ciliophora) from evergreen rain forests of Australia, South America and Costa Rica: diversity and description of new species. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 25, 317 - 339. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 003740050322","Foissner, W. (2016) Terrestrial and semiterrestrial ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from Venezuela and Galapagos. Denisia, 35, 1 - 912."]}
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- 2018
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48. Ciliate species from tank-less bromeliads in a dry tropical forest and their geographical distribution in the Neotropics
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Carlos Alberto Durán-Ramírez and Rosaura Mayén-Estrada
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Bromeliaceae ,0301 basic medicine ,Forests ,Asteraceae ,Nassophorea ,Oxytrichidae ,Colpodea ,Plantae ,Nassulida ,Chromista ,biology ,Ecology ,Asterales ,Chlamydodontida ,Biodiversity ,Hypotrichea ,Colpodida ,Habitat ,Chitonellidae ,Gymnostomatea ,Bromeliophryidae ,Bromelia ,Cyrtophoria ,Microthoracidae ,Oligohymenophorea ,03 medical and health sciences ,Magnoliopsida ,Ciliophora (awaiting allocation) ,Oxytrichida ,Animals ,Colpodidae ,Ciliophora ,Endemism ,Spathidiida ,Mexico ,Ecosystem ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Taxonomy ,Hymenostomatida ,Ciliate ,Detritus ,Phacodiniidae ,Spathidiidae ,biology.organism_classification ,Heterotrichea ,Tracheophyta ,030104 developmental biology ,Taxon ,Heterotrichida ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Epiphyte ,Species richness - Abstract
The study of ciliate diversity in tropical environments remains scarce. In Neotropical forests, bromeliads are a common component of the vascular flora; bromeliads with tank morphology intercept rain water and detritus, resulting in the formation of a phytotelm, where heterotrophic protist communities like ciliates can establish. However, it is not known if ciliates inhabit tank-less bromeliads. For this reason, the goal of the present study was to investigate if ciliates can establish between the leaf axils of five terrestrial and epiphytic tank-less bromeliad species in a dry tropical forest in west Mexico. We collected samples of rain water and detritus from the leaf axils during the humid season of years 2015 and 2016. For ciliate taxonomical identification, we used optical microscopy, in vivo observation, and silver impregnation techniques. To summarize information about geographical distribution of ciliates identified at species level in the Neotropics, we provided their records from previous works, at country level with locality and georeferenciation. We recorded 27 taxa of ciliates, where the class Oligohymenophorea contained the largest richness of taxa. Drepanomonas revoluta, Leptopharynx bromeliophilus, and Tetrahymena sp. were recorded from all the species of bromeliads. Bromelia karatas was the species that hosted the largest number of ciliate taxa (22). Our results indicated that Glaucomides bromelicola, Gonostomum bromelicola, Leptopharynx bromelicola and L. bromeliophilus, species which are considered endemic to tank bromeliads, can also inhabit tank-less bromeliads. We provided previous records of 19 ciliate species from eleven countries within the Neotropical region, and Bromeliothrix metopoides was the species most frequently recorded in Neotropical countries (9). Therefore, tank-less bromeliads can constitute a temporal habitat for ciliates, and function as cysts reservoirs in environments with a pronounced seasonality like dry tropical forests.
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- 2018
49. Macronuclear Plasticity in Two South American Populations of Spirostomum (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea) Warns About its Use for Species Classification: Revision and New Insights.
- Author
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Campello-Nunes, Pedro H., Fernández, Leonardo D., Paiva, Thiago S., Soares, Carlos A.G., Silva-Neto, Inácio D., and Fernandes, Noemi M.
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BIOLOGICAL classification ,AMERICANS ,SPECIES ,CLASSIFICATION ,BODY size ,MOLECULAR phylogeny - Abstract
• Atypical S. yagiui and S. minus morphotypes with two macronuclei were reported and investigated. • We present the first record of S. yagiui in South America. • 18S rRNA-based phylogenetic analysis confirms the identity of the atypical forms. Spirostomum is a widely distributed heterotrichean genus composed of well-known species with described ecology and phylogenetic affinities. The morphological classification of Spirostomum species is mostly based on the body size/shape, number of cortical granule rows and macronuclear characteristics. These features along with molecular phylogenies based on ribosomal genes divide the genus into two phylogroups, one including species with a compact macronucleus, and another including species with a moniliform macronucleus. Here, we present our observations on atypical Spirostomum specimens with unusually two distinct macronuclei and shortened adoral zone of membranelles. These atypical forms appeared in the cultures of S. minus and S. yagiui , sampled at different sites in South America (Chile and Brazil) and associated with unrelated substrate types. Morphological observations of living and stained cells, 18S rRNA gene analyses, and a thorough investigation of the literature suggest that the atypical phenotype may be a result of uncommon pathways during the conjugative process. Thus, we demonstrate that studies of ciliate natural populations and their morphological variations, especially from undersampled biogeographical regions, can reveal the boundaries of widely used morphological characters for Spirostomum taxonomy and species identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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50. Bioaccumulation of Stentorin, the Probable Causative Agent for Discolored ('Purple') Eggs and Ovaries in Blue Catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) from Eufaula Lake, Oklahoma, USA
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Christopher J. Schmitt, Diana M. Papoulias, and Robert W. Gale
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Ultraviolet Rays ,Zoology ,Pigment ,Animals ,Humans ,Environmental Chemistry ,Polycyclic Compounds ,Ovum ,Larva ,biology ,Ecology ,Ovary ,Oklahoma ,Aquatic animal ,General Chemistry ,biology.organism_classification ,Ictaluridae ,Lakes ,Ictalurus ,Bioaccumulation ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Stentor coeruleus ,Female ,Heterotrichea ,Blue catfish - Abstract
Observations of reddish to "purple" discolored eggs in the ovaries of adult female blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) from the northern arm of Eufaula Lake, a eutrophic multiuse impoundment in east-central Oklahoma, were first reported in 2006. Blue catfish eggs are normally cream to light yellow. Reports peaked in 2007-2008 and declined through 2009-2010; purple eggs have not been reported between 2010 and 2014. In the laboratory, all tissues and fluids of affected fish were strongly orange-red fluorescent under UV illumination, with the fluorescence most apparent in the lipid-rich ovaries and eggs. The causative agent was isolated chromatographically and confirmed by mass spectrometry as stentorin (1,3,4,6,8,10,11,13-octahydroxy-2,5-diisopropyl-phenanthro[1,10,9,8,o,p,q,r,a]perylene-7,14-dione), the fluorescent, lipophilic pigment associated with the photoreceptor protein of the ciliated protozoan Stentor coeruleus (Heterotrichea; Stentoridae). Larval medaka (Orizias latipes) readily consumed S. coeruleus in the laboratory and were observed to fluoresce in the same manner as the affected blue catfish. Potential deleterious effects of stentorin bioaccumulation remain to be determined, as do the geographic extent and the identities of other fluorescent compounds isolated from catfish eggs and ovaries.
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- 2015
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