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13. Chapter 20 CO2 Hydrogenation With a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor

Author

Li, Sirui, Gallucci, Fausto, Rebrov, Evgeny, Hessel, V., Stefanidis, Georgios, Stankiewicz, Andrzej, Sustainable Process Engineering, Inorganic Membranes and Membrane Reactors, EIRES Chem. for Sustainable Energy Systems, EIRES Eng. for Sustainable Energy Systems, EIRES Systems for Sustainable Heat, and Energy Intensified Chemical Reaction Eng.

Abstract

Hydrogenation of CO2 is a promising way for CO2 utilization due to the possibility of producing a wide range of chemicals including CO, CH4, value-added hydrocarbons and oxygenates. Plasma technology, especially plasma-catalysis, has great potential for the valorisation of CO2 and has attracted much attention in recent years. The technological development in renewable energy and clean hydrogen production facilitates the research in plasma-assisted hydrogenation of CO2 as a green approach for chemical production and energy storage. As a result, there is growing interest in this field and a rapid increase in related research can be expected in the near future. Therefore, it is worthwhile to discuss the development of this technology along with current research gaps. This chapter presents a comprehensive review of research progress in plasma and plasma-catalytic CO2 hydrogenation with a focus on DBD plasma reactors and different catalysts. The status and potential challenges of CO2 methanation as well as the production of methanol and CO are covered. Both the plasma-induced gas phase and surface reaction pathways have been discussed to provide insights of the reaction mechanism. Finally, recommendations of potential directions for future research are given.

Published
2023

45. Ecological assessment as balancing act between disruptive innovation and industrial implementation: Designer-solvent processes with automatic product purification and recycling

Author

Morales Gonzalez, Olivia M., Medrano, José A., Gallucci, Fausto, Hessel, V., Morales Gonzalez, Olivia M., Medrano, José A., Gallucci, Fausto, and Hessel, V.

Abstract

In the pharmaceutical industry is genres large amounts of waste due to the multiple and complex purification steps needed. This was problem has urged the need for sustainable production pathways in the pharmaceutical industry. In this paper the use of ionic liquids to conduct automated purification is assessed by means of a Life Cycle Assessment. Ionic liquids are regarded as green solvents due to their low vapor pressure and low emission of volatile organic compounds, unlike common organic solvents. They have unique properties that can aid in the separation and recycle steps, which can minimize the need for a complex purification process and have many environmental benefits. Their use can lower the environmental impact; however, they shift the impact towards the early stages. Therefore, its use and implementation in a process need to be carefully evaluated. Two scenarios of ionic liquid-aid separation are developed to assess the environmental impact and identify hot sports before the experimental stages. These scenarios are benchmarked against a batch process and solvent-less process. It was found the impacts for both scenarios were 10-50-fold larger, with respect to the benchmark cases. The scenarios where then optimized to have 100 % automated phase separation and reduce the purification needed. Based on the solubility properties of the ionic liquids it is possible to obtain an automated separation by forming multiphase systems. This optimization showed that under these conditions it is possible to obtain comparable systems with benchmark technologies, and it is possible that further optimization can lead to better process compared to the benchmark cases. It was also found that to maintain a low environmental impact recyclability of the ionic liquid and high concentrated systems are necessary.

Published
2021

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